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Ecological footprint (EF) determines the area of ecologically productive territory necessary to produce the resources utilised and to assimilate the waste produced by a given population over a year. Knowing your own EF is the first step in planning and implementing policies to reduce it. Considering that transport is a significant component of the impact of human activity on the environment, this study calculates the EF of the CO2 emissions associated with person mobility (EFM) at the University of A Coruña (UDC). The results presented are based on statistical inference from surveys conducted in 2008, 2016, and 2020. The period 2008–2016 coincides with the effects of the economic crisis, and 2020 with those of the COVID-19 pandemic. The EFM of UDC in 2016 was 2177 global hectares (gha), 148 times its biocapacity. Ninety-two percent of it was generated by car trips. Policies to reduce the environmental impact of mobility should focus on reducing car use. This study analyzes various factors of variability. The EFM per capita of the commutes from the place of residence to the UDC campuses grew between 2008 and 2020 by 17%. The results obtained are compared with those of other nearby universities and around the world.
Jose-Benito Perez-Lopez; Alfonso Orro; Margarita Novales. Environmental Impact of Mobility in Higher-Education Institutions: The Case of the Ecological Footprint at the University of A Coruña (Spain). Sustainability 2021, 13, 6190 .
AMA StyleJose-Benito Perez-Lopez, Alfonso Orro, Margarita Novales. Environmental Impact of Mobility in Higher-Education Institutions: The Case of the Ecological Footprint at the University of A Coruña (Spain). Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):6190.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJose-Benito Perez-Lopez; Alfonso Orro; Margarita Novales. 2021. "Environmental Impact of Mobility in Higher-Education Institutions: The Case of the Ecological Footprint at the University of A Coruña (Spain)." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 6190.
Maritime transport stands out as a strategic sector; the increasing trend in maritime traffic makes it essential to reduce energy consumption and emissions through investment in energy efficiency. However, investments can be hindered by barriers, and drivers are necessary to reduce or overcome them and promote investment. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to analyze what factors influence investment decisions—and how they do so—when there are principal-agent problems in the shipowner–charterer relationship. The methodology is based on the following process: model and hypotheses formulation, variable definition, the creation of a study sample and statistical treatment through a descriptive analysis of variables and a binomial logistic regression model, all based on a state-of-the-art application. The results corroborate the hypotheses and indicate that principal-agent problems and split incentives, especially in time charter contracts, and a lack of verified information make the shipowners less likely to invest. Moreover, energy efficiency measures are less likely to be implemented in older vessels, possibly due to the difficulty associated with recovering the investment; they are more likely in larger and newer vessels, and regulation encourage their adoption. Furthermore, investment is more likely in vessels with verified information and high levels of both activity and harmful emissions. Improved knowledge in this field could help businesses and governments to act in a more sustainable manner, without detriment to an innovative and competitive sector.
Ángeles Longarela-Ares; Anxo Calvo-Silvosa; José-Benito Pérez-López. The Influence of Economic Barriers and Drivers on Energy Efficiency Investments in Maritime Shipping, from the Perspective of the Principal-Agent Problem. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7943 .
AMA StyleÁngeles Longarela-Ares, Anxo Calvo-Silvosa, José-Benito Pérez-López. The Influence of Economic Barriers and Drivers on Energy Efficiency Investments in Maritime Shipping, from the Perspective of the Principal-Agent Problem. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (19):7943.
Chicago/Turabian StyleÁngeles Longarela-Ares; Anxo Calvo-Silvosa; José-Benito Pérez-López. 2020. "The Influence of Economic Barriers and Drivers on Energy Efficiency Investments in Maritime Shipping, from the Perspective of the Principal-Agent Problem." Sustainability 12, no. 19: 7943.
The COVID–19 pandemic led to restrictions on activities and mobility in many parts of the world. After the main peak of the crisis, restrictions were gradually removed, returning to a new normal situation. This process has impacted urban mobility. The limited information on the new normal situation shows changes that can be permanent or reversible. The impact on the diverse urban transport modes varies. This study analyzes the changes in transit ridership by line, the use of stops, the main origin–destination flows, changes in transit supply, operation time, and reliability of the city bus network of A Coruña. It is based on data from automatic vehicle location, bus stop boarding, and smart card use. Data from the first half of 2020 were compared to similar data in 2017–2019, defining suitable baselines for each analysis to avoid seasonal and day of week effects. The impact on transit ridership during the lockdown process was more significant than that on general traffic. In the new normal situation, the general traffic and the shared bike system recovered a higher percentage of their previous use than the bus system. These impacts are not uniform across the bus network.
Alfonso Orro; Margarita Novales; Ángel Monteagudo; José-Benito Pérez-López; Miguel Bugarín. Impact on City Bus Transit Services of the COVID–19 Lockdown and Return to the New Normal: The Case of A Coruña (Spain). Sustainability 2020, 12, 7206 .
AMA StyleAlfonso Orro, Margarita Novales, Ángel Monteagudo, José-Benito Pérez-López, Miguel Bugarín. Impact on City Bus Transit Services of the COVID–19 Lockdown and Return to the New Normal: The Case of A Coruña (Spain). Sustainability. 2020; 12 (17):7206.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlfonso Orro; Margarita Novales; Ángel Monteagudo; José-Benito Pérez-López; Miguel Bugarín. 2020. "Impact on City Bus Transit Services of the COVID–19 Lockdown and Return to the New Normal: The Case of A Coruña (Spain)." Sustainability 12, no. 17: 7206.
Residential location choice (RLC) predicts where and how people choose their residential location in the framework of land use–transport interaction models (LUTI). This paper seeks an efficient RLC model in the context of irregular zoning of location alternatives. The main current proposals in the field are discrete choice models. In RLC modeling, the alternatives are spatial units, and spatially correlated logit (SCL) is an efficient approach when the analyst cannot pre-define groups of alternatives that efficiently reflect the systematic substitution patterns among the alternatives. The SCL uses the spatial information on the contiguity of the zones to determine spatial correlation among the alternatives. Urban residential location choice usually uses administrative zoning, which is very irregular in many cities (mainly historic cities); however, SCL is not efficient in this context owing to the limitations of the binary contiguity spatial variable employed as a spatial correlation metric (SCM). This paper proposes an extension of the mixed SCL model, with an SCM based on the proportion of common border length in contiguous zones, which is more efficient in the irregular urban zoning context. The proposed model is applied to an urban case study of LUTI RLC modeling with irregular zoning, based on the administrative divisions of the city of Santander (Spain) and is shown to be empirically more efficient than the previous approaches.
José-Benito Pérez-López; Margarita Novales; Francisco-Alberto Varela-García; Alfonso Orro. Residential Location Econometric Choice Modeling with Irregular Zoning: Common Border Spatial Correlation Metric. Networks and Spatial Economics 2020, 20, 785 -802.
AMA StyleJosé-Benito Pérez-López, Margarita Novales, Francisco-Alberto Varela-García, Alfonso Orro. Residential Location Econometric Choice Modeling with Irregular Zoning: Common Border Spatial Correlation Metric. Networks and Spatial Economics. 2020; 20 (3):785-802.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé-Benito Pérez-López; Margarita Novales; Francisco-Alberto Varela-García; Alfonso Orro. 2020. "Residential Location Econometric Choice Modeling with Irregular Zoning: Common Border Spatial Correlation Metric." Networks and Spatial Economics 20, no. 3: 785-802.
Studies that link human behaviour to the influence of weather have historically been conducted in such fields as tourism, marketing and leisure. In most studies that jointly examine weather and the mode of transport, only open-air transportation has been considered (for example, bicycle, motorcycle or walking). This focus, together with the habitual use of data collected with automatic devices and a lack of studies that analyse this issue using stated preference data, are the main reasons motivating this paper. This paper aims to analyse the influence of weather and the density of traffic on the choice of transport mode. A case study is conducted in an access/egress corridor located in the city of Barcelona (Spain). Two data sources were used: revealed preference and stated preference data. Modelling techniques using mixed data enabled the stronger features from both data sources to be captured. Finally, we discuss how the selection of different alternative specific constants in models estimated using mixed data could generate unrealistic forecasting results if environmental changes are expected in the actual market.
Javier Anta; José-Benito Pérez-López; Ana Martínez-Pardo; Margarita Novales; Alfonso Orro. Influence of the weather on mode choice in corridors with time-varying congestion: a mixed data study. Transportation 2015, 43, 337 -355.
AMA StyleJavier Anta, José-Benito Pérez-López, Ana Martínez-Pardo, Margarita Novales, Alfonso Orro. Influence of the weather on mode choice in corridors with time-varying congestion: a mixed data study. Transportation. 2015; 43 (2):337-355.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavier Anta; José-Benito Pérez-López; Ana Martínez-Pardo; Margarita Novales; Alfonso Orro. 2015. "Influence of the weather on mode choice in corridors with time-varying congestion: a mixed data study." Transportation 43, no. 2: 337-355.