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Project Goal: The aim of the project will be to make a research of the specifics of start-ups of students and young people (including foreign and migrant students), the application of not only foreigners in the business environment of regions affected by depopulation. The aim is produced several outputs such us to design and develop an evaluation tool that will measure entrepreneurial potential and improve entrepreneurial skills and abilities, thereby increasing students' entrepreneurial potential (including a possible benchmark with EU universities).
Current Stage: Data collection
Project Goal: The main purpose of this research is to carry out a retrospective study to identify the causes of depopulation in the region of Castilla y León, i.e. to analyse the main factors driving the migratory flows that have favoured the proliferation of large areas with low population density, commonly known as demographic deserts. Next, once the origin of the problem has been identified, a descriptive and analytical study will be undertaken to identify the main social and economic consequences and risks associated with this adverse demographic phenomenon. Finally, it will conclude by providing solutions based on the development of a study to analyse the viability of the implementation of the "Smart Rural" model, i.e. the use of the potential offered by new technologies in the rural environment and their contribution to the fixation of the population based on, among other things, the digital transformation of the productive sectors, the digital transformation of the traditional productive sectors of the rural environment, the promotion of entrepreneurship in the most depopulated areas based on the opportunities offered by e-commerce, the improvement of the qualification of the active population through access to online training or the possibilities offered by teleworking in the development of professional careers.
Current Stage: Data collection; analyzing data; written
Project Goal: The revolution of the collaborative economy has completely transformed our society. A new trend has emerged that seeks collaboration between known and unknown people, designing innovative solutions to solve everyday problems, uniting interests and means. The collaborative economy is competing with traditional companies, leaders in many cases in their sectors, and changing paradigms at the same time. One of the reasons is that we currently share almost everything: the used toys (wallapop or ebay), the car (second hand), the sofa and even the time. We exchange houses (air bnb or wimdu), tasks, clothes (vibbo) and even the table of the train or car to save on the price of the ticket or on the way (uber, blabacar); we buy things using virtual currencies (bitcoin); And even if we do not want to leave the house but eat, we ask that they bring us lunch or dinner (deliveroo or just eat). Citizens contact each other and unite to meet their objectives and desires, and do not wait for a government or a company to provide them with good or service. The consumer has ceased to be only consumer and becomes a "prosumer", uniting the possibility of producing and consuming in the same figure. To all this is added, that according to PwC, the collaborative economy generates transactions in Europe annually worth 28,000 million euros, a figure that is increasing. The laws (in some cases) are out of date with reality, and this poses problems unknown until now. For this reason, it is interesting to analyze how the regulation regulates the rights and obligations of citizens, in relation to the use of collaborative economy platforms and digital companies; in this new way of relating to us.
Current Stage: Analyzing data and written.
There are different studies that point out that the price of electricity is a fundamental factor that will influence the mining decision, due to the cost it represents. There is also an ongoing debate about the pollution generated by cryptocurrency mining, and whether or not the use of renewable energies will solve the problem of its sustainability. In our study, starting from the Environmental Performance Index (EPI), we have considered several determinants of cryptocurrency mining: energy price, how that energy is generated, temperature, legal constraints, human capital, and R&D&I. From this, via linear regression, we recalculated this EPI by including the above factors that affect cryptocurrency mining in a sustainable way. The study determines, once the EPI has been readjusted, that the most sustainable countries to perform cryptocurrency mining are Denmark and Germany. In fact, of the top ten countries eight of them are European (Denmark, Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, Finland, Austria, and the United Kingdom); and the remaining two are Asian (South Korea and Japan).
Sergio Náñez Alonso; Javier Jorge-Vázquez; Miguel Echarte Fernández; Ricardo Reier Forradellas. Cryptocurrency Mining from an Economic and Environmental Perspective. Analysis of the Most and Least Sustainable Countries. Energies 2021, 14, 4254 .
AMA StyleSergio Náñez Alonso, Javier Jorge-Vázquez, Miguel Echarte Fernández, Ricardo Reier Forradellas. Cryptocurrency Mining from an Economic and Environmental Perspective. Analysis of the Most and Least Sustainable Countries. Energies. 2021; 14 (14):4254.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSergio Náñez Alonso; Javier Jorge-Vázquez; Miguel Echarte Fernández; Ricardo Reier Forradellas. 2021. "Cryptocurrency Mining from an Economic and Environmental Perspective. Analysis of the Most and Least Sustainable Countries." Energies 14, no. 14: 4254.
The digitization of the agri-food sector is a strategic priority in the political agenda of European institutions. The opportunity to improve the competitiveness and efficiency of the sector offered by new technologies comes together with its potential to face new economic and environmental challenges. This research aims to analyze the level of digitalization of the European agri-food cooperative sector from the construction of a composite synthetic index. Such an index is to be based on a diverse set of variables related to electronic commerce and the services offered through the internet. It also evaluates how European cooperatives influence the degree of technological adoption depending on their size or the wealth of the country where they carry out their activity. The empirical analytical method is thus used, through the analysis of frequencies and correlations. The results obtained reveal the existence of a suboptimal and heterogeneous degree of digitization of European agri-food cooperatives, clearly conditioned by their size and the wealth of the country where they operate. In this situation, it is recommended to promote public policies that guarantee high-performance digital connectivity, an improvement in training in digital skills and the promotion of cooperative integration processes.
Javier Jorge-Vázquez; Mª Chivite-Cebolla; Francisco Salinas-Ramos. The Digitalization of the European Agri-Food Cooperative Sector. Determining Factors to Embrace Information and Communication Technologies. Agriculture 2021, 11, 514 .
AMA StyleJavier Jorge-Vázquez, Mª Chivite-Cebolla, Francisco Salinas-Ramos. The Digitalization of the European Agri-Food Cooperative Sector. Determining Factors to Embrace Information and Communication Technologies. Agriculture. 2021; 11 (6):514.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavier Jorge-Vázquez; Mª Chivite-Cebolla; Francisco Salinas-Ramos. 2021. "The Digitalization of the European Agri-Food Cooperative Sector. Determining Factors to Embrace Information and Communication Technologies." Agriculture 11, no. 6: 514.
The company at the service of today's society is reinventing itself to satisfy people's needs in a more efficient and adapted way. Globalization and digitization promote increasing interaction and new forms of economic organization such as collaborative economy. However, can it be understood that this new business model, more than others, has as its raison d'être in the search for the “common good”? A first approach suggests the presence of values related to collaboration between equals aiming at a common good. However, the possible existence of a profit motive and the labor relations framework in which certain activities are carried out have created a debate on their ethical qualification. In this context, considering 278 companies in the collaborative economy sector, the relationship between the concept of “common good” and the collaborative economy is analyzed, while examining whether these new realities have an explicit ethical intention (of search for goods for people). According to the results, it is not possible to assert that these platforms have an ethical concern, but it is observed that they are in line with the common good and implicitly contribute to the service of society.
María Peana Chivite Cebolla; Javier Jorge Vázquez; Carmen Mª Chivite Cebolla. Collaborative economy, a society service? Involvement with ethics and the common good. Business Ethics: A European Review 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleMaría Peana Chivite Cebolla, Javier Jorge Vázquez, Carmen Mª Chivite Cebolla. Collaborative economy, a society service? Involvement with ethics and the common good. Business Ethics: A European Review. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría Peana Chivite Cebolla; Javier Jorge Vázquez; Carmen Mª Chivite Cebolla. 2021. "Collaborative economy, a society service? Involvement with ethics and the common good." Business Ethics: A European Review , no. : 1.
This article analyzes the monetary policy of major central banks during the economic crisis generated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Rising public debt in many countries is being financed through asset purchases by monetary authorities. Although these stimulus policies predate the pandemic, they have been significantly boosted as many governments face large financing needs. We have been in a low interest rate environment for years and some governments have issued debt securities at negative rates. In addition, the rise of decentralized cryptocurrencies, based on blockchain technology, has created greater competition in the international monetary system and many governments have considered the creation of centralized virtual currencies, known as central bank digital currencies (CBDCs). We will analyze some relevant cases, with an emphasis on the digital euro project. The methodology is based on the analysis of the evolution of monetary variables. Pearson’s correlation will be used to establish some relationships between them. There is a strong similarity in the expansionary monetary policies of central banks. Although the growth of the money supply has not been passed on to the CPI, it has been passed on to the financial markets and the price of assets such as Bitcoin or gold.
Miguel Echarte Fernández; Sergio Náñez Alonso; Javier Jorge-Vázquez; Ricardo Reier Forradellas. Central Banks’ Monetary Policy in the Face of the COVID-19 Economic Crisis: Monetary Stimulus and the Emergence of CBDCs. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4242 .
AMA StyleMiguel Echarte Fernández, Sergio Náñez Alonso, Javier Jorge-Vázquez, Ricardo Reier Forradellas. Central Banks’ Monetary Policy in the Face of the COVID-19 Economic Crisis: Monetary Stimulus and the Emergence of CBDCs. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (8):4242.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiguel Echarte Fernández; Sergio Náñez Alonso; Javier Jorge-Vázquez; Ricardo Reier Forradellas. 2021. "Central Banks’ Monetary Policy in the Face of the COVID-19 Economic Crisis: Monetary Stimulus and the Emergence of CBDCs." Sustainability 13, no. 8: 4242.
The Spanish educational system is characterized by the coexistence of three different models of production and provision of education: public, subsidized and private. Within the privately-owned centers not under the subsidized system, private schools of a social nature stand out. These schools, whose main source of financing comes from the fees paid by the students’ families, must implement financial strategies that guarantee their economic viability and allow them to develop their educational project. In a highly competitive environment, the implementation of sound financial strategies and the development of educational innovation policies are critical to ensure their survival. In this context, this study analyzes a methodological proposal that can contribute to guide this strategic policy based on two fundamental pillars: the financial viability of the center and educational innovation through the application of new technologies and innovative teaching strategies. To this end, the case method has been used as the main methodology, obtaining results that considerably improve student satisfaction and that represent economic improvements of more than €100,000 per year. From these results it has been possible to identify different possible scenarios that can condition the financial viability of the educational center, the dropout rate and the academic performance of the students.
Ricardo Reier Forradellas; Javier Jorge-Vázquez; Sergio Náñez Alonso; Ricardo Salazar Valdivia. Methodology to Evaluate Economic Viability Plans and Digitalization Strategies in Private Social Education Centers. Education Sciences 2021, 11, 170 .
AMA StyleRicardo Reier Forradellas, Javier Jorge-Vázquez, Sergio Náñez Alonso, Ricardo Salazar Valdivia. Methodology to Evaluate Economic Viability Plans and Digitalization Strategies in Private Social Education Centers. Education Sciences. 2021; 11 (4):170.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRicardo Reier Forradellas; Javier Jorge-Vázquez; Sergio Náñez Alonso; Ricardo Salazar Valdivia. 2021. "Methodology to Evaluate Economic Viability Plans and Digitalization Strategies in Private Social Education Centers." Education Sciences 11, no. 4: 170.
The global tourism reality is changing, and not only because of the COVID-19 pandemic. This reality is especially representative in countries such as Spain, which are highly dependent on the income generated by the tourism sector. In these destinations, it is necessary to seek innovation and specialization in the sector in order to achieve new business models. This need is even more pressing in destinations overcrowded by the sun and beach effect, as is the case of Mallorca. The proposed work combines the concepts of sports tourism with the development of a wealth-generating business model that will contribute to promoting a tourism that is sustainable, environmentally friendly and deseasonalized. On the other hand, the proposed work will contribute to promoting integration and equality in the participation of women in sports through the development of a model based on the promotion of women’s football. Using the methodology of case analysis, the results of all the approaches outlined are provided, and we obtained a wealth-generation model that is easily replicable and sustainable over time. This work provides a solution to the combination of a sustainable business model that links responsible tourism, the promotion of women’s sport and the generation of wealth.
Ricardo Reier Forradellas; Sergio Náñez Alonso; Javier Jorge-Vazquez; Miguel Echarte Fernández; Nicolas Vidal Miró. Entrepreneurship, Sport, Sustainability and Integration: A Business Model in the Low-Season Tourism Sector. Social Sciences 2021, 10, 117 .
AMA StyleRicardo Reier Forradellas, Sergio Náñez Alonso, Javier Jorge-Vazquez, Miguel Echarte Fernández, Nicolas Vidal Miró. Entrepreneurship, Sport, Sustainability and Integration: A Business Model in the Low-Season Tourism Sector. Social Sciences. 2021; 10 (4):117.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRicardo Reier Forradellas; Sergio Náñez Alonso; Javier Jorge-Vazquez; Miguel Echarte Fernández; Nicolas Vidal Miró. 2021. "Entrepreneurship, Sport, Sustainability and Integration: A Business Model in the Low-Season Tourism Sector." Social Sciences 10, no. 4: 117.
This article analyzes the current situation of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs), which are digital currencies backed by a central bank. It introduces their current status, and how several countries and currency areas are considering their implementation, following in the footsteps of the Bahamas (which has already implemented them in its territory), China (which has already completed two pilot tests) and Uruguay (which has completed a pilot test). First, the sample of potential candidate countries for establishing a CBDC was selected. Second, the motives for implementing a CBDC were collected, and variables were assigned to these motives. Once the two previous steps had been completed, bivariate correlation statistical methods were applied (Pearson, Spearman and Kendall correlation), obtaining a sample of the countries with the highest correlation with the Bahamas, China, and Uruguay. The results obtained show that the Baltic Sea area (Lithuania, Estonia, and Finland) is configured within Europe as an optimal area for implementing a CBDC. In South America, Uruguay (already included in the comparison) and Brazil show very positive results. In the case of Asia, together with China, Malaysia also shows a high correlation with the three pioneer countries, and finally, on the African continent, South Africa is the country that stands out as the most optimal area for implementing a CBDC.
Sergio Náñez Alonso; Javier Jorge-Vazquez; Ricardo Reier Forradellas. Central Banks Digital Currency: Detection of Optimal Countries for the Implementation of a CBDC and the Implication for Payment Industry Open Innovation. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 2021, 7, 72 .
AMA StyleSergio Náñez Alonso, Javier Jorge-Vazquez, Ricardo Reier Forradellas. Central Banks Digital Currency: Detection of Optimal Countries for the Implementation of a CBDC and the Implication for Payment Industry Open Innovation. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. 2021; 7 (1):72.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSergio Náñez Alonso; Javier Jorge-Vazquez; Ricardo Reier Forradellas. 2021. "Central Banks Digital Currency: Detection of Optimal Countries for the Implementation of a CBDC and the Implication for Payment Industry Open Innovation." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 7, no. 1: 72.
The great advances produced in the field of artificial intelligence and, more specifically, in deep learning allow us to classify images automatically with a great margin of reliability. This research consists of the validation and development of a methodology that allows, through the use of convolutional neural networks and image identification, the automatic recycling of materials such as paper, plastic, glass, and organic material. The validity of the study is based on the development of a methodology capable of implementing a convolutional neural network to validate a reliability in the recycling process that is much higher than simple human interaction would have. The method used to obtain this better precision will be transfer learning through a dataset using the pre-trained networks Visual Geometric Group 16 (VGG16), Visual Geometric Group 19 (VGG19), and ResNet15V2. To implement the model, the Keras framework is used. The results conclude that by using a small set of images, and thanks to the later help of the transfer learning method, it is possible to classify each of the materials with a 90% reliability rate. As a conclusion, a model is obtained with a performance much higher than the performance that would be reached if this type of technique were not used, with the classification of a 100% reusable material such as organic material.
Sergio Nañez Alonso; Ricardo Reier Forradellas; Oriol Pi Morell; Javier Jorge-Vazquez. Digitalization, Circular Economy and Environmental Sustainability: The Application of Artificial Intelligence in the Efficient Self-Management of Waste. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2092 .
AMA StyleSergio Nañez Alonso, Ricardo Reier Forradellas, Oriol Pi Morell, Javier Jorge-Vazquez. Digitalization, Circular Economy and Environmental Sustainability: The Application of Artificial Intelligence in the Efficient Self-Management of Waste. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):2092.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSergio Nañez Alonso; Ricardo Reier Forradellas; Oriol Pi Morell; Javier Jorge-Vazquez. 2021. "Digitalization, Circular Economy and Environmental Sustainability: The Application of Artificial Intelligence in the Efficient Self-Management of Waste." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 2092.
This study proposes a crime prediction model according to communes (areas or districts in which the city of Buenos Aires is divided). For this, the Python programming language is used, due to its versatility and wide availability of libraries oriented to Machine Learning. The crimes reported (period 2016–2019) that occurred in the city of Buenos Aires selected to test the model are: homicides, theft, injuries, and robberies. With this, it is possible to generate a crime prediction model according to the city area based on the SEMMA (Sample, Explore, Modify, Model, and Assess) model and after data manipulation, standardization and cleaning; clustering is performed using K-means and subsequently the neural network is generated. For prediction, it is necessary to provide the model with the information corresponding to the predictive characteristics (predict); these characteristics being according to the developed neural network model: year, month, day, time zone, commune, and type of crime.
Ricardo Reier Forradellas; Sergio Náñez Alonso; Javier Jorge-Vazquez; Marcela Rodriguez. Applied Machine Learning in Social Sciences: Neural Networks and Crime Prediction. Social Sciences 2020, 10, 4 .
AMA StyleRicardo Reier Forradellas, Sergio Náñez Alonso, Javier Jorge-Vazquez, Marcela Rodriguez. Applied Machine Learning in Social Sciences: Neural Networks and Crime Prediction. Social Sciences. 2020; 10 (1):4.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRicardo Reier Forradellas; Sergio Náñez Alonso; Javier Jorge-Vazquez; Marcela Rodriguez. 2020. "Applied Machine Learning in Social Sciences: Neural Networks and Crime Prediction." Social Sciences 10, no. 1: 4.
The ability to access quality financial services and cash has been indicated by various organizations, such as the World Bank or UN, as a fundamental aspect to guarantee regional sustainable development. However, access to cash is not always guaranteed, especially in rural regions. The present study is based in the Ávila region of Spain. A parameter called the “access to cash index” is constructed here. It is used to detect rural areas where the ability to access cash and banking services is more difficult. Based on the “access to cash index”, two sustainable solutions are proposed: The first (in the short term), based on extending access to cash, takes advantage of the existing pharmacy network. With this measure, a notable reduction of more than 55% of the average distance required to access this service is verified here. The second is based on the implementation of a central bank digital currency. Here, the results show an acceptance of 75%. However, it is known that elderly people and those without relevant education and/or low incomes would reject its widespread use. Such a circumstance would require the development of training and information policies on the safety and effectiveness of this type of currency.
Sergio Náñez Alonso; Javier Jorge-Vazquez; Ricardo Reier Forradellas. Detection of Financial Inclusion Vulnerable Rural Areas through an Access to Cash Index: Solutions Based on the Pharmacy Network and a CBDC. Evidence Based on Ávila (Spain). Sustainability 2020, 12, 7480 .
AMA StyleSergio Náñez Alonso, Javier Jorge-Vazquez, Ricardo Reier Forradellas. Detection of Financial Inclusion Vulnerable Rural Areas through an Access to Cash Index: Solutions Based on the Pharmacy Network and a CBDC. Evidence Based on Ávila (Spain). Sustainability. 2020; 12 (18):7480.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSergio Náñez Alonso; Javier Jorge-Vazquez; Ricardo Reier Forradellas. 2020. "Detection of Financial Inclusion Vulnerable Rural Areas through an Access to Cash Index: Solutions Based on the Pharmacy Network and a CBDC. Evidence Based on Ávila (Spain)." Sustainability 12, no. 18: 7480.
La incorporación de nuevas tecnologías digitales a los procesos de gestión empresarial desempeña hoy en día un factor competitivo determinante en la estrategia de cualquier entidad. Las cooperativas agroalimentarias no pueden quedar al margen de esta oportunidad y, en consecuencia, deben afrontar la transformación digital de sus estructuras no solo para crecer sino también para sobrevivir en un entorno cada vez más cambiante y competitivo. En este trabajo se presenta un estudio exploratorio cuyo objetivo principal se centra en el análisis del uso e implementación de las nuevas tecnologías digitales en las cooperativas agroalimentarias españolas con la finalidad de determinar su grado de transformación digital desde una doble perspectiva: su presencia en internet y los servicios web ofrecidos. Para tal fin, se procede a la revisión de los antecedentes de investigación y posterior estudio centrado en el análisis de un conjunto amplio de parámetros e indicadores sobre el uso de TIC y comercio electrónico que permita determinar la situación del sector cooperativo agroalimentario respecto del conjunto de empresas españolas y realizar un análisis comparativo tanto a nivel territorial como intersectorial. Los resultados obtenidos revelan la existencia de cierto retraso en el grado de transformación digital de las cooperativas agroalimentarias cuya magnitud se encuentra condicionada por el tamaño y el subsector donde desarrollan su actividad.
Javier Jorge Vázquez; María Peana Chivite Cebolla; Francisco Salinas Ramos. La transformación digital en el sector cooperativo agroalimentario español: situación y perspectivas. CIRIEC-España, revista de economía pública, social y cooperativa 2019, 39 -70.
AMA StyleJavier Jorge Vázquez, María Peana Chivite Cebolla, Francisco Salinas Ramos. La transformación digital en el sector cooperativo agroalimentario español: situación y perspectivas. CIRIEC-España, revista de economía pública, social y cooperativa. 2019; (95):39-70.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavier Jorge Vázquez; María Peana Chivite Cebolla; Francisco Salinas Ramos. 2019. "La transformación digital en el sector cooperativo agroalimentario español: situación y perspectivas." CIRIEC-España, revista de economía pública, social y cooperativa , no. 95: 39-70.