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Dr. Marwa E. Salem
RTI International

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0 Agricultural Economics
0 Water economics
0 Network Analysis
0 Machine and Deep Learning
0 Environmental Economics and Policy

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Journal article
Published: 18 May 2020 in Sustainability
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This study quantifies the potential responses of 11 staple crop yields to projected changes in temperature and precipitation in Rwanda, using a cross sectional model based on yield data collected across more than 14,000 villages. We incorporated a relatively high spatial resolution dataset on crop productivity, considered a broad range of crops relevant to national agricultural production priorities, used environmental data developed specifically for Rwanda, and reported uncertainty both from our estimation model and due to uncertainty in future climate projections. We estimate that future climate change will have the largest impacts on potential productivity of maize, bush bean, and Irish potato. All three crops are likely to experience a reduction in potential yields of at least 10% under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and at least 15% under RCP 8.5 by 2050. Notably, these are important crops nationally, and three of the crops targeted by Rwanda’s Crop Intensification Program. We find that the most severe reductions in potential crop yields will occur in the drier eastern savannah and plateau regions, but that the impacts of climate change could be neutral or even positive in the highlands through mid-century. The refined spatial scale of our analysis allows us to identify potentially vulnerable regions where adaptation investments may need to be prioritized to support food security and climate resilience in Rwanda’s agricultural sector.

ACS Style

Kemen Austin; Robert Beach; Daniel Lapidus; Marwa Salem; Naomi Taylor; Mads Knudsen; Noel Ujeneza. Impacts of Climate Change on the Potential Productivity of Eleven Staple Crops in Rwanda. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4116 .

AMA Style

Kemen Austin, Robert Beach, Daniel Lapidus, Marwa Salem, Naomi Taylor, Mads Knudsen, Noel Ujeneza. Impacts of Climate Change on the Potential Productivity of Eleven Staple Crops in Rwanda. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (10):4116.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kemen Austin; Robert Beach; Daniel Lapidus; Marwa Salem; Naomi Taylor; Mads Knudsen; Noel Ujeneza. 2020. "Impacts of Climate Change on the Potential Productivity of Eleven Staple Crops in Rwanda." Sustainability 12, no. 10: 4116.

Article
Published: 21 July 2017 in The Journal of Technology Transfer
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Each year, the United States invests about $45 billion in research conducted by federal researchers within federal laboratories. These efforts generate extensive social benefits when results are transferred to the private sector. It is important that we effectively quantify the economic and societal impact of federal technology transfer activities to inform taxpayers and policymakers about the value of public investments in this form of research. The Argus II device, an artificial retina commercialized in the United States by Second Sight in 2013, provides a rich example of how private sector innovation can be enhanced by research collaborations with federal labs and academia. Over the 25-year journey from idea to product, Second Sight carried out research and development collaborations with six Department of Energy national laboratories and seven universities. The case of Argus II also offers valuable insight into (1) how private industry, academia, and government can work together to bring socially beneficial innovations to fruition and (2) the tradeoffs inherent in these public–private collaborations. In this paper, we use a Markov model to estimate the realized and potential future social benefits associated with Argus II. We provide an interactive tool that can be used to replicate our findings and modify assumptions using updated patient information as it becomes available. We also provide insight into the aspects of federal involvement surrounding the development of Argus II that contributed to its successful commercialization and discuss other spillover benefits from these public–private collaborations.

ACS Style

Amanda C. Walsh; Marwa E. Salem; Zachary T. Oliver; Kyle Clark-Sutton. Social and economic impact of the commercialization of the Argus II artificial retina in the United States. The Journal of Technology Transfer 2017, 43, 1607 -1630.

AMA Style

Amanda C. Walsh, Marwa E. Salem, Zachary T. Oliver, Kyle Clark-Sutton. Social and economic impact of the commercialization of the Argus II artificial retina in the United States. The Journal of Technology Transfer. 2017; 43 (6):1607-1630.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amanda C. Walsh; Marwa E. Salem; Zachary T. Oliver; Kyle Clark-Sutton. 2017. "Social and economic impact of the commercialization of the Argus II artificial retina in the United States." The Journal of Technology Transfer 43, no. 6: 1607-1630.