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Prof. Dr. Benedict Tan
Changi General Hospital

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0 Sports Medicine
0 Weight Management
0 Platelet Rich Plasma
0 extracorporeal shock wave therapy
0 Musculoskeletal Ultrasound

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Sports Medicine
extracorporeal shock wave therapy

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Short Biography

Chief and Senior Consultant Sports Physician at Singapore Sport & Exercise Medicine Centre. MBBS (Singapore), MSpMed (Australia), Fellow of the Academy of Medicine Singapore (Sports Medicine), Fellow of the American College of Sports Medicine.

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Journal article
Published: 24 February 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Governments have restricted public life during the COVID-19 pandemic, inter alia closing sports facilities and gyms. As regular exercise is essential for health, this study examined the effect of pandemic-related confinements on physical activity (PA) levels. A multinational survey was performed in 14 countries. Times spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) as well as in vigorous physical activity only (VPA) were assessed using the Nordic Physical Activity Questionnaire (short form). Data were obtained for leisure and occupational PA pre- and during restrictions. Compliance with PA guidelines was calculated based on the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO). In total, n = 13,503 respondents (39 ± 15 years, 59% females) were surveyed. Compared to pre-restrictions, overall self-reported PA declined by 41% (MVPA) and 42.2% (VPA). Reductions were higher for occupational vs. leisure time, young and old vs. middle-aged persons, previously more active vs. less active individuals, but similar between men and women. Compared to pre-pandemic, compliance with WHO guidelines decreased from 80.9% (95% CI: 80.3–81.7) to 62.5% (95% CI: 61.6–63.3). Results suggest PA levels have substantially decreased globally during the COVID-19 pandemic. Key stakeholders should consider strategies to mitigate loss in PA in order to preserve health during the pandemic.

ACS Style

Jan Wilke; Lisa Mohr; Adam Tenforde; Pascal Edouard; Chiara Fossati; Marcela González-Gross; Celso Sánchez Ramírez; Fernando Laiño; Benedict Tan; Julian Pillay; Fabio Pigozzi; David Jimenez-Pavon; Bernhard Novak; Johannes Jaunig; Mandy Zhang; Mireille van Poppel; Christoph Heidt; Steffen Willwacher; Gustavo Yuki; Daniel Lieberman; Lutz Vogt; Evert Verhagen; Luiz Hespanhol; Karsten Hollander. A Pandemic within the Pandemic? Physical Activity Levels Substantially Decreased in Countries Affected by COVID-19. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 2235 .

AMA Style

Jan Wilke, Lisa Mohr, Adam Tenforde, Pascal Edouard, Chiara Fossati, Marcela González-Gross, Celso Sánchez Ramírez, Fernando Laiño, Benedict Tan, Julian Pillay, Fabio Pigozzi, David Jimenez-Pavon, Bernhard Novak, Johannes Jaunig, Mandy Zhang, Mireille van Poppel, Christoph Heidt, Steffen Willwacher, Gustavo Yuki, Daniel Lieberman, Lutz Vogt, Evert Verhagen, Luiz Hespanhol, Karsten Hollander. A Pandemic within the Pandemic? Physical Activity Levels Substantially Decreased in Countries Affected by COVID-19. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (5):2235.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jan Wilke; Lisa Mohr; Adam Tenforde; Pascal Edouard; Chiara Fossati; Marcela González-Gross; Celso Sánchez Ramírez; Fernando Laiño; Benedict Tan; Julian Pillay; Fabio Pigozzi; David Jimenez-Pavon; Bernhard Novak; Johannes Jaunig; Mandy Zhang; Mireille van Poppel; Christoph Heidt; Steffen Willwacher; Gustavo Yuki; Daniel Lieberman; Lutz Vogt; Evert Verhagen; Luiz Hespanhol; Karsten Hollander. 2021. "A Pandemic within the Pandemic? Physical Activity Levels Substantially Decreased in Countries Affected by COVID-19." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5: 2235.

Brief report
Published: 07 September 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Confinement measures during the COVID-19 pandemic have caused substantial reductions in global physical activity (PA) levels. In view of the manifold health benefits of PA, the development of interventions counteracting this trend is paramount. Our survey with 15,261 participants (38 ± 15 years, 58.5% females) examined preferences towards digital home exercise programs in 14 countries affected by COVID-19. More than two-thirds of the sample (68.4%, n = 10,433) indicated being interested in home exercise, and most participants were willing to work out at least three times per week (89.3%, n = 9328). Binary logistic regression revealed that female sex, working part-time, younger age, and being registered in a gym were associated with willingness to exercise. Flexibility (71.1%, n = 7377), resistance (68.6%, n = 7116), and endurance training (62.4%, n = 6478) were the most preferred types of exercise. Our results may guide health providers in developing individually tailored PA interventions during the current and future pandemics.

ACS Style

Jan Wilke; Lisa Mohr; Adam Tenforde; Pascal Edouard; Chiara Fossati; Marcela González-Gross; Celso Ramirez; Fernando Laiño; Benedict Tan; Julian Pillay; Fabio Pigozzi; David Jimenez-Pavon; Bernhard Novak; David Url; Mandy Zhang; Mireille Poppel; Christoph Heidt; Steffen Willwacher; Lutz Vogt; Evert Verhagen; Karsten Hollander; Luiz Hespanhol; Gustavo Yuki. Restrictercise! Preferences Regarding Digital Home Training Programs during Confinements Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 6515 .

AMA Style

Jan Wilke, Lisa Mohr, Adam Tenforde, Pascal Edouard, Chiara Fossati, Marcela González-Gross, Celso Ramirez, Fernando Laiño, Benedict Tan, Julian Pillay, Fabio Pigozzi, David Jimenez-Pavon, Bernhard Novak, David Url, Mandy Zhang, Mireille Poppel, Christoph Heidt, Steffen Willwacher, Lutz Vogt, Evert Verhagen, Karsten Hollander, Luiz Hespanhol, Gustavo Yuki. Restrictercise! Preferences Regarding Digital Home Training Programs during Confinements Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (18):6515.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jan Wilke; Lisa Mohr; Adam Tenforde; Pascal Edouard; Chiara Fossati; Marcela González-Gross; Celso Ramirez; Fernando Laiño; Benedict Tan; Julian Pillay; Fabio Pigozzi; David Jimenez-Pavon; Bernhard Novak; David Url; Mandy Zhang; Mireille Poppel; Christoph Heidt; Steffen Willwacher; Lutz Vogt; Evert Verhagen; Karsten Hollander; Luiz Hespanhol; Gustavo Yuki. 2020. "Restrictercise! Preferences Regarding Digital Home Training Programs during Confinements Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18: 6515.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2018
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ACS Style

Yann Shan Keh; Puay Joo Tan; Siang Chew Chai; Benedict Tan; Khim Leng Tong. Physiologic Limits of Cardiac Remodelling in Asian Competitive Athletes - A Single Centre Study. 2018, 47, 230 -232.

AMA Style

Yann Shan Keh, Puay Joo Tan, Siang Chew Chai, Benedict Tan, Khim Leng Tong. Physiologic Limits of Cardiac Remodelling in Asian Competitive Athletes - A Single Centre Study. . 2018; 47 (6):230-232.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yann Shan Keh; Puay Joo Tan; Siang Chew Chai; Benedict Tan; Khim Leng Tong. 2018. "Physiologic Limits of Cardiac Remodelling in Asian Competitive Athletes - A Single Centre Study." 47, no. 6: 230-232.

Journal article
Published: 17 May 2016 in British Journal of Sports Medicine
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Background/aim The Sailing World Championships 2014 was contested by 1167 sailors in all 10 Olympic classes. Our objective was to characterise sailing-related injuries and illnesses in sailors participating in this regatta. Methods We conducted 2 surveys: (1) prior to the World Championships, sailors answered a 12-month recall questionnaire on sailing-related injuries and illnesses and (2) during the Championships, injuries and illnesses were documented. Results There were 760 respondents (65% of all participants) for the 12-month recall questionnaire (58% male, 42% female), of whom 244 participants reported 299 injuries (0.59 injuries per 1000 h of sailing). Injuries were most prevalent in the 49erFX (64%), RS:X Women (39%), 49er (37%) and Nacra 17 (36%). Lower back (29% of sailors), knee (13%), shoulder (12%) and ankle (10%) injuries were most prevalent; most (58% of all injuries) were overuse injuries; and 56% of sailors lost sailing time. Most illnesses (40%) were infections, primarily of the respiratory system (43%). During the Championships, there were 67 injuries (4 per 1000 days of sailing). The 49er (24% of all injuries), 470 Men and Women (24%), and 49erFX (19%) had the highest incidence. Injuries to the hand/fingers (22% of all injuries), back (18%), and foot (12%) were most common, as were contusions (37% of all injuries), cuts/lacerations (24%), and sprains (9%). Of the 29 illnesses (2 per 1000 days of sailing), 9 (31%) were gastrointestinal and 6 (21%) respiratory, while 2 (7%) were gout attacks. Conclusions The Olympic classes introduced since 2000 (49erFX, 49er, Nacra 17) have resulted in a rise in injuries.

ACS Style

Benedict Tan; Darren Leong; Carmen Vaz Pardal; Cindy Y Lin; Jia Wen Kam. Injury and illness surveillance at the International Sailing Federation Sailing World Championships 2014. British Journal of Sports Medicine 2016, 50, 673 -681.

AMA Style

Benedict Tan, Darren Leong, Carmen Vaz Pardal, Cindy Y Lin, Jia Wen Kam. Injury and illness surveillance at the International Sailing Federation Sailing World Championships 2014. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2016; 50 (11):673-681.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Benedict Tan; Darren Leong; Carmen Vaz Pardal; Cindy Y Lin; Jia Wen Kam. 2016. "Injury and illness surveillance at the International Sailing Federation Sailing World Championships 2014." British Journal of Sports Medicine 50, no. 11: 673-681.

Review
Published: 01 April 2016 in Singapore Medical Journal
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Plantar fasciitis is a very common cause of inferior heel pain that can be triggered and aggravated by prolonged standing, walking, running and obesity, among other factors. Treatments are largely noninvasive and efficacious. Supportive treatments, including the plantar fascia-specific stretch, calf stretching, appropriate orthotics and night dorsiflexion splinting, can alleviate plantar fascia pain. While local injections of corticosteroids can help with pain relief, the effects are short-lived and must be weighed against the risk of fat pad atrophy and plantar fascia rupture. Ultrasonography-guided focal extracorporeal shock wave therapy is useful for patients with chronic plantar fasciitis and referrals for this treatment can be made in recalcitrant cases. Activity modification to decrease cyclical repetitive loading of the plantar fascia should be advised during the treatment phase regardless of the chosen treatment modality.

ACS Style

Ang Tee Lim; Choon How How; Benedict Tan. Management of plantar fasciitis in the outpatient setting. Singapore Medical Journal 2016, 57, 168 -171.

AMA Style

Ang Tee Lim, Choon How How, Benedict Tan. Management of plantar fasciitis in the outpatient setting. Singapore Medical Journal. 2016; 57 (4):168-171.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ang Tee Lim; Choon How How; Benedict Tan. 2016. "Management of plantar fasciitis in the outpatient setting." Singapore Medical Journal 57, no. 4: 168-171.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2015 in Singapore Medical Journal
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Formed in 1959, the Singapore Medical Association (SMA) is the national medical organisation representing the majority of medical practitioners in both the public and private sectors

ACS Style

Yung Seng Lee; S Biddle; Mf Chan; A Cheng; M Cheong; Yap Seng Chong; Ll Foo; Ch Lee; Sc Lim; Ws Ong; J Pang; S Pasupathy; Robert Sloan; M Seow; G Soon; B Tan; Tc Tan; Sl Teo; Kw Tham; Rm Van Dam; J Wang. Health Promotion Board–Ministry of Health Clinical Practice Guidelines: Obesity. Singapore Medical Journal 2015, 57, 292 -300.

AMA Style

Yung Seng Lee, S Biddle, Mf Chan, A Cheng, M Cheong, Yap Seng Chong, Ll Foo, Ch Lee, Sc Lim, Ws Ong, J Pang, S Pasupathy, Robert Sloan, M Seow, G Soon, B Tan, Tc Tan, Sl Teo, Kw Tham, Rm Van Dam, J Wang. Health Promotion Board–Ministry of Health Clinical Practice Guidelines: Obesity. Singapore Medical Journal. 2015; 57 (6):292-300.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yung Seng Lee; S Biddle; Mf Chan; A Cheng; M Cheong; Yap Seng Chong; Ll Foo; Ch Lee; Sc Lim; Ws Ong; J Pang; S Pasupathy; Robert Sloan; M Seow; G Soon; B Tan; Tc Tan; Sl Teo; Kw Tham; Rm Van Dam; J Wang. 2015. "Health Promotion Board–Ministry of Health Clinical Practice Guidelines: Obesity." Singapore Medical Journal 57, no. 6: 292-300.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2013 in Singapore Medical Journal
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ACS Style

Benedict Tan. Author’s reply. Singapore Medical Journal 2013, 54, 715 -715.

AMA Style

Benedict Tan. Author’s reply. Singapore Medical Journal. 2013; 54 (12):715-715.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Benedict Tan. 2013. "Author’s reply." Singapore Medical Journal 54, no. 12: 715-715.

Review
Published: 01 October 2013 in Singapore Medical Journal
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Sports medicine is a relatively new subspecialty in Singapore. This commentary chronicles its evolution in Singapore from 1969, through various milestones, to the present day. The first sports medicine clinic in Singapore was established in 1971 at Farrer Park. Notable institutions that followed include the Sports Medicine and Research Centre (1973), Soldier Performance Centre, Changi Sports Medicine Centre (2003), Singapore Sports Medicine Centre (2006), and other multidisciplinary centres of restructured hospitals. Formal groundwork to establish sports medicine as a subspecialty began in 2005, with its first trainee commencing traineeship at the Changi Sports Medicine Centre in 2007, and culminated in the subspecialty register at the beginning of 2011. Also captured in this discussion are the broader scopes of sports medicine, including military sports medicine, the sports sciences, exercise medicine, and event medical coverage.

ACS Style

Benedict Tan; Benedict Tan. The evolution of sports medicine in Singapore. Singapore Medical Journal 2013, 54, 552 -4.

AMA Style

Benedict Tan, Benedict Tan. The evolution of sports medicine in Singapore. Singapore Medical Journal. 2013; 54 (10):552-4.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Benedict Tan; Benedict Tan. 2013. "The evolution of sports medicine in Singapore." Singapore Medical Journal 54, no. 10: 552-4.

Comparative study
Published: 01 July 2013 in The Journal of Sexual Medicine
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Obesity and inactivity are associated with erectile dysfunction and hypogonadism. To compare the effects of low volume (LV) and high volume (HV) of moderate-intensity exercise on sexual function, testosterone, lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), endothelial function, and quality of life (QoL) in obese men. Weight, waist circumference (WC), body composition, International Index of Erectile Function 5-item (IIEF-5), International Prostate Symptom Scale (IPSS) (for LUTS), and 36-item Short Form Survey version 2 Instrument (SF-36) (for QoL) scores, plasma testosterone, sex-hormone binding globulin, glucose, insulin and lipids, and endothelial function (by Reactive Hyperaemia Index [RHI] using finger plethysmography) were measured at baseline and 24 weeks. Ninety abdominally obese (body mass index > 27.5 kg/m(2), WC > 90 cm), sedentary (exercise ≈ 80 minutes/week) Asian men (mean age 43.6 years, range 30-60) were prescribed a diet to reduce daily intake by ≈ 400 kcal below calculated requirement and randomized to perform moderate-intensity exercise of LV ( 200 minutes/week produces greater improvements in sexual function, testosterone, weight, WC, and fat mass than smaller exercise volume.

ACS Style

Joan Khoo; Ho-Heng Tian; Benedict Tan; Kelvin Chew; Chung-Sien Ng; Darren Leong; Raymond Choon-Chye Teo; Richard Yuan-Tud Chen. Comparing Effects of Low- and High-Volume Moderate-Intensity Exercise on Sexual Function and Testosterone in Obese Men. The Journal of Sexual Medicine 2013, 10, 1823 -1832.

AMA Style

Joan Khoo, Ho-Heng Tian, Benedict Tan, Kelvin Chew, Chung-Sien Ng, Darren Leong, Raymond Choon-Chye Teo, Richard Yuan-Tud Chen. Comparing Effects of Low- and High-Volume Moderate-Intensity Exercise on Sexual Function and Testosterone in Obese Men. The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 2013; 10 (7):1823-1832.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joan Khoo; Ho-Heng Tian; Benedict Tan; Kelvin Chew; Chung-Sien Ng; Darren Leong; Raymond Choon-Chye Teo; Richard Yuan-Tud Chen. 2013. "Comparing Effects of Low- and High-Volume Moderate-Intensity Exercise on Sexual Function and Testosterone in Obese Men." The Journal of Sexual Medicine 10, no. 7: 1823-1832.

Clinical trial
Published: 01 April 2008 in Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore
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ACS Style

Jeremy M F Sun; Jason K K Chia; Abdul Rashid Aziz; Benedict Tan. Dehydration rates and rehydration efficacy of water and sports drink during one hour of moderate intensity exercise in well-trained flatwater kayakers. Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 2008, 37, 1 .

AMA Style

Jeremy M F Sun, Jason K K Chia, Abdul Rashid Aziz, Benedict Tan. Dehydration rates and rehydration efficacy of water and sports drink during one hour of moderate intensity exercise in well-trained flatwater kayakers. Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore. 2008; 37 (4):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jeremy M F Sun; Jason K K Chia; Abdul Rashid Aziz; Benedict Tan. 2008. "Dehydration rates and rehydration efficacy of water and sports drink during one hour of moderate intensity exercise in well-trained flatwater kayakers." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 37, no. 4: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2008 in Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore
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ACS Style

Benedict Tan; Jason K K Chia; Jit Kheng Lim. Sports medicine. Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 2008, 37, 1 .

AMA Style

Benedict Tan, Jason K K Chia, Jit Kheng Lim. Sports medicine. Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore. 2008; 37 (4):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Benedict Tan; Jason K K Chia; Jit Kheng Lim. 2008. "Sports medicine." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 37, no. 4: 1.

Controlled clinical trial
Published: 01 April 2008 in Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore
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ACS Style

Patricia C H Wong; Michael Chia; Ian Y Y Tsou; Gervais K L Wansaicheong; Benedict Tan; John Wang; John Tan; Chung Gon Kim; Gerald Boh; Darren Lim. Effects of a 12-week exercise training programme on aerobic fitness, body composition, blood lipids and C-reactive protein in adolescents with obesity. Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 2008, 37, 1 .

AMA Style

Patricia C H Wong, Michael Chia, Ian Y Y Tsou, Gervais K L Wansaicheong, Benedict Tan, John Wang, John Tan, Chung Gon Kim, Gerald Boh, Darren Lim. Effects of a 12-week exercise training programme on aerobic fitness, body composition, blood lipids and C-reactive protein in adolescents with obesity. Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore. 2008; 37 (4):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Patricia C H Wong; Michael Chia; Ian Y Y Tsou; Gervais K L Wansaicheong; Benedict Tan; John Wang; John Tan; Chung Gon Kim; Gerald Boh; Darren Lim. 2008. "Effects of a 12-week exercise training programme on aerobic fitness, body composition, blood lipids and C-reactive protein in adolescents with obesity." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 37, no. 4: 1.

Original articles
Published: 01 August 2007 in Journal of Sports Sciences
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Young sailors tend to compete under a similar racing format to that of adults, spending extended hours exposed to the elements. This descriptive study measured the body mass changes in 65 male Optimist dinghy sailors (mean age 11.6 years, s = 1.4; body mass 37.2 kg, s = 8.2) and describes their fluid and carbohydrate intake during a typical race day. The sailors were weighed before launching and upon return to shore, and were interviewed to assess their fluid and carbohydrate intakes. After spending 6 h afloat, the participants displayed a mean weight loss of 0.5 kg (s = 0.6), indicating dehydration of 1.3% (s = 1.2, range −0.9 to 6.2%) assuming euhydration before they went afloat. Water loss amounted to 1.3 litres (s = 0.8) or 0.2 litres · h−1 (s = 0.1). Thirty-nine boys (60%) incurred 2% dehydration. While afloat, the participants drank 816 ml (s = 621) of fluid, replacing only 61% of their water loss: 3% drank nothing, 78% drank plain water, and 15% drank sports drinks. Pre-race carbohydrate consumption was 1.7 g · kg−1 (s = 1.4, range 0.0 – 7.6 g · kg−1), with consumption when afloat of 7.1 g · h−1 (s = 6.9). In view of the hypohydration demonstrated, it is recommended that specific strategies be developed to improve the dietary practices of young sailors.

ACS Style

Benedict Tan; Fahma Sunarja. Body mass changes and nutrient intake of Optimist class sailors on a race day. Journal of Sports Sciences 2007, 25, 1137 -1140.

AMA Style

Benedict Tan, Fahma Sunarja. Body mass changes and nutrient intake of Optimist class sailors on a race day. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2007; 25 (10):1137-1140.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Benedict Tan; Fahma Sunarja. 2007. "Body mass changes and nutrient intake of Optimist class sailors on a race day." Journal of Sports Sciences 25, no. 10: 1137-1140.

Original articles
Published: 01 August 2007 in Journal of Sports Sciences
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Dinghy sailing is a physically challenging sport with competitors on water for several hours. Regulations and space in the boat limit the amount of food and fluid competitors can carry. Consequently, it is possible that the hydration and nutritional status of dinghy sailors may be compromised while racing. Despite this, the food and fluid intake of sailors while racing are unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the dietary intake of a group of club sailors while racing and compare this with current sports nutrition guidelines. Thirty-five sailors (9 females, 26 males) were monitored during a club regatta. Body mass changes were measured before and after racing, as were food and fluid intake. Results showed that most participants were in negative fluid balance after racing (males: mean −2.1%[95% confidence limits −1.7 to −2.5%]; females: −0.9%[0 to −1.8%]), most likely due to low voluntary fluid intake (males: 1215 ml [734 to 1695 ml]; females: 792 ml [468 to 1117 m]). Carbohydrate intake (males: 59 g [21 to 97 g]; females: 30 g [0 to 61 g]) was below recommendations for normal sports activity. Results revealed that the nutritional practices of club sailors do not comply with current sports nutrition guidelines. However, the performance implications of a compromise in nutrient intake remain to be investigated. Practical advice on methods of overcoming space limitations for the carriage of adequate fluid and food is offered.

ACS Style

Gary Slater; Benedict Tan. Body mass changes and nutrient intake of dinghy sailors while racing. Journal of Sports Sciences 2007, 25, 1129 -1135.

AMA Style

Gary Slater, Benedict Tan. Body mass changes and nutrient intake of dinghy sailors while racing. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2007; 25 (10):1129-1135.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gary Slater; Benedict Tan. 2007. "Body mass changes and nutrient intake of dinghy sailors while racing." Journal of Sports Sciences 25, no. 10: 1129-1135.

Clinical trial
Published: 03 August 2006 in Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology
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Laser class sailors have to hike out, i.e. hook their feet under the toe straps near the centreline of the boat and hold their upper bodies over the edge of the boat, to counteract the heeling forces generated by the sails. To identify the parameters that are associated with maximal hiking performance, this cross-sectional observational study measures various knee extensor and hip flexor muscle performance characteristics in 55 Laser sailors and correlates each with the area-under-the-curve hiking moment over 3 min of hiking on a hiking dynamometer (HM180). Our results showed that higher body mass and HM180 were significantly associated with better race scores (Spearman's rho = - 0.69 and - 0.62, respectively, both P < 0.01) in male sailors who participated in the National Inter-School Laser competition. Body mass (Pearson's correlation coefficient, r > or = 0.95, P < 0.01 in both males and females), maximum voluntary isometric strength of the quadriceps (r > or = 0.80, P < 0.01 in both males and females), and 3-RM knee extension strength (r > or = 0.80, P < 0.01 in both males and females) were associated with a higher HM180. The correlations between height, abdominal muscle endurance (crunches), explosive lower body strength (vertical jumps), cycling time-to-exhaustion, quadriceps strength endurance, or isometric quadriceps endurance with incremental loads (bucket test), and HM180 were weaker (r < 0.60). HM180 may be a useful performance indicator for Laser racing. Since strength measures correlated well with HM180, greater emphasis should be placed on developing maximum strength in the quadriceps to improve maximal hiking performance.

ACS Style

Benedict Tan; Abdul Rashid Aziz; Neil Connel Spurway; Candice Toh; Hamish Mackie; Wei Xie; James Wong; Franz Konstantin Fuss; Kong Chuan Teh. Indicators of maximal hiking performance in Laser sailors. Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 2006, 98, 169 -176.

AMA Style

Benedict Tan, Abdul Rashid Aziz, Neil Connel Spurway, Candice Toh, Hamish Mackie, Wei Xie, James Wong, Franz Konstantin Fuss, Kong Chuan Teh. Indicators of maximal hiking performance in Laser sailors. Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. 2006; 98 (2):169-176.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Benedict Tan; Abdul Rashid Aziz; Neil Connel Spurway; Candice Toh; Hamish Mackie; Wei Xie; James Wong; Franz Konstantin Fuss; Kong Chuan Teh. 2006. "Indicators of maximal hiking performance in Laser sailors." Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 98, no. 2: 169-176.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2002 in Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
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This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study describing the physiological responses during competitive matches and profile of elite exponents of an emerging martial art sport, pencak silat. Thirty exponents (21 males and 9 females) were involved in the study. Match responses (i.e. heart rate (HR) throughout match and capillary blood lactate concentration, [La], at pre-match and at the end of every round) were obtained during actual competitive duels. Elite silat exponents’ physiological attributes were assessed via anthropometry, vertical jump, isometric grip strength, maximal oxygen uptake, and the Wingate 30 s anaerobic test of the upper and lower body, in the laboratory. The match response data showed that silat competitors’ mean HR was > 84% of estimated HR maximum and levels of [La] ranged from 6.7 - 18.7 mMol-1 during matches. This suggests that competitive silat matches are characterised by high aerobic and anaerobic responses. In comparison to elite taekwondo and judo athletes’ physiological characteristics, elite silat exponents have lower aerobic fitness and grip strength, but greater explosive leg power (vertical jump). Generally, they also possessed a similar anaerobic capability in the lower but markedly inferior anaerobic capability in the upper body.

ACS Style

Abdul Rashid Aziz; Benedict Tan; Kong Chuan Teh. Physiological Responses During Matches and Profile of Elite Pencak Silat Exponents. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine 2002, 1, 147 -155.

AMA Style

Abdul Rashid Aziz, Benedict Tan, Kong Chuan Teh. Physiological Responses During Matches and Profile of Elite Pencak Silat Exponents. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 2002; 1 (4):147-155.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdul Rashid Aziz; Benedict Tan; Kong Chuan Teh. 2002. "Physiological Responses During Matches and Profile of Elite Pencak Silat Exponents." Journal of Sports Science and Medicine 1, no. 4: 147-155.