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Aluminum containing silica spherical MCM-41 was synthesized and modified with copper by the template ion-exchange method (TIE) and its modified version, including treatment of the samples with ammonia solution directly after template ion-exchange (TIE-NH3). The obtained samples were characterized with respect to their chemical composition (ICP-OES), structure (XRD), texture (low temperature N2 sorption), morphology (SEM-EDS), form and aggregation of deposited copper species (UV-vis DRS), reducibility of copper species (H2-TPR), and surface acidity (NH3-TPD). The deposition of copper by the TIE-NH3 method resulted in much better dispersion of this metal on the MCM-41 surface comparing to copper introduced by TIE method. It was shown that such highly dispersed copper species, mainly monomeric Cu2+ cations, deposited on aluminum containing silica spheres of MCM-41, are significantly more catalytically effective in the NH3-SCR process than analogous catalysts containing aggregated copper oxide species. The catalysts obtained by the TIE-NH3 method effectively operated in much broader temperature and were less active in the side process of direct ammonia oxidation by oxygen.
Aleksandra Jankowska; Andrzej Kowalczyk; Małgorzata Rutkowska; Marek Michalik; Lucjan Chmielarz. Spherical Al-MCM-41 Doped with Copper by Modified TIE Method as Effective Catalyst for Low-Temperature NH3-SCR. Molecules 2021, 26, 1807 .
AMA StyleAleksandra Jankowska, Andrzej Kowalczyk, Małgorzata Rutkowska, Marek Michalik, Lucjan Chmielarz. Spherical Al-MCM-41 Doped with Copper by Modified TIE Method as Effective Catalyst for Low-Temperature NH3-SCR. Molecules. 2021; 26 (6):1807.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAleksandra Jankowska; Andrzej Kowalczyk; Małgorzata Rutkowska; Marek Michalik; Lucjan Chmielarz. 2021. "Spherical Al-MCM-41 Doped with Copper by Modified TIE Method as Effective Catalyst for Low-Temperature NH3-SCR." Molecules 26, no. 6: 1807.
Spherical MCM-41 with various copper and iron loadings was prepared by surfactant directed co-condensation method. The obtained samples were characterized with respect to their structure (X-ray diffraction, XRD), texture (N2 sorption), morphology (scanning electron microscopy, SEM), chemical composition (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, ICP-OES), surface acidity (temperature programmed desorption of ammonia, NH3-TPD), form, and aggregation of iron and copper species (diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectroscopy, UV-Vis DRS) as well as their reducibility (temperature programmed reduction with hydrogen,H2-TPR). The spherical MCM-41 samples modified with transition metals were tested as catalysts of selective catalytic reduction of NO with ammonia (NH3-SCR). Copper containing catalysts presented high catalytic activity at low-temperature NH3-SCR with a very high selectivity to nitrogen, which is desired reaction products. Similar results were obtained for iron containing catalysts, however in this case the loadings and forms of iron incorporated into silica samples very strongly influenced catalytic performance of the studied samples. The efficiency of the NH3-SCR process at higher temperatures was significantly limited by the side reaction of direct ammonia oxidation. The reactivity of ammonia molecules chemisorbed on the catalysts surface in NO reduction (NH3-SCR) and their selective oxidation (NH3-SCO) was verified by temperature-programmed surface reactions.
Aleksandra Jankowska; Agata Chłopek; Andrzej Kowalczyk; Małgorzata Rutkowska; Marek Michalik; Shiquan Liu; Lucjan Chmielarz. Catalytic Performance of Spherical MCM-41 Modified with Copper and Iron as Catalysts of NH3-SCR Process. Molecules 2020, 25, 5651 .
AMA StyleAleksandra Jankowska, Agata Chłopek, Andrzej Kowalczyk, Małgorzata Rutkowska, Marek Michalik, Shiquan Liu, Lucjan Chmielarz. Catalytic Performance of Spherical MCM-41 Modified with Copper and Iron as Catalysts of NH3-SCR Process. Molecules. 2020; 25 (23):5651.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAleksandra Jankowska; Agata Chłopek; Andrzej Kowalczyk; Małgorzata Rutkowska; Marek Michalik; Shiquan Liu; Lucjan Chmielarz. 2020. "Catalytic Performance of Spherical MCM-41 Modified with Copper and Iron as Catalysts of NH3-SCR Process." Molecules 25, no. 23: 5651.
Layered 2D zeolite MCM-22 and its delaminated derivative, ITQ-2, were modified with iron, by different methods (ion-exchange and direct synthesis), and with the use of different precursors (FeSO4∙7H2O, Fe(NO3)3∙9H2O, and [Fe3(OCOCH3)7∙OH∙2H2O]NO3 oligocations. The applied modifications were aimed at optimization of iron form in the samples (aggregation, amount, location, and reducibility), in order to achieve the highest catalytic activity in the N2O decomposition. The synthesis of the samples was verified with the use of XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), N2-sorption and ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy) techniques, while the form of iron in the samples was investigated by UV–vis-DRS (UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy), H2-TPR (Hydrogen Temperature-Programmed Reduction) and HRTEM (High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy). The highest activity in the N2O decomposition presented the sample Fe(O,IE)MCM-22, prepared by ion-exchange of MCM-22 with Fe3(III) oligocations. This activity was related to the oligomeric FexOy species (the main form of iron in the sample) and the higher loading of active species (in comparison to the modification with FeSO4∙7H2O).
Małgorzata Rutkowska; Aleksandra Jankowska; Ewelina Różycka-Dudek; Wiktoria Dubiel; Andrzej Kowalczyk; Zofia Piwowarska; Sebastián Llopis; Urbano Díaz; Lucjan Chmielarz. Modification of MCM-22 Zeolite and Its Derivatives with Iron for the Application in N2O Decomposition. Catalysts 2020, 10, 1139 .
AMA StyleMałgorzata Rutkowska, Aleksandra Jankowska, Ewelina Różycka-Dudek, Wiktoria Dubiel, Andrzej Kowalczyk, Zofia Piwowarska, Sebastián Llopis, Urbano Díaz, Lucjan Chmielarz. Modification of MCM-22 Zeolite and Its Derivatives with Iron for the Application in N2O Decomposition. Catalysts. 2020; 10 (10):1139.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMałgorzata Rutkowska; Aleksandra Jankowska; Ewelina Różycka-Dudek; Wiktoria Dubiel; Andrzej Kowalczyk; Zofia Piwowarska; Sebastián Llopis; Urbano Díaz; Lucjan Chmielarz. 2020. "Modification of MCM-22 Zeolite and Its Derivatives with Iron for the Application in N2O Decomposition." Catalysts 10, no. 10: 1139.
MCM-22, MCM-36, and ITQ-2 zeolites with the intended Si/Al molar ratios of 15, 25, and 50 were synthetized and tested as catalysts for dehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether and dehydration of ethanol to diethyl ether and ethylene. The surface concentration of acid sites was regulated by the synthesis of zeolite precursors with different aluminum content in the zeolite framework, while the influence of porous structure on the overall efficiency of alcohol conversion was analyzed by application of zeolitic materials with different types of porosity—microporous MCM-22 as well as microporous-mesoporous MCM-36 and ITQ-2. The zeolitic samples were characterized with respect to their: chemical composition (ICP-OES), structure (XRD, FT-IR), texture (N2 sorption), and surface acidity (NH3-TPD). Comparison of the catalytic activity of the studied zeolitic catalysts with other reported catalytic systems, including zeolites with the similar Si/Al ratio as well as γ-Al2O3 (one of the commercial catalysts for methanol dehydration), shows a great potential of MCM-22, MCM-36, and ITQ-2 in the reactions of alcohols dehydration.
Monika Marosz; Bogdan Samojeden; Andrzej Kowalczyk; Małgorzata Rutkowska; Monika Motak; Urbano Díaz; Antonio E. Palomares; Lucjan Chmielarz. MCM-22, MCM-36, and ITQ-2 Zeolites with Different Si/Al Molar Ratios as Effective Catalysts of Methanol and Ethanol Dehydration. Materials 2020, 13, 2399 .
AMA StyleMonika Marosz, Bogdan Samojeden, Andrzej Kowalczyk, Małgorzata Rutkowska, Monika Motak, Urbano Díaz, Antonio E. Palomares, Lucjan Chmielarz. MCM-22, MCM-36, and ITQ-2 Zeolites with Different Si/Al Molar Ratios as Effective Catalysts of Methanol and Ethanol Dehydration. Materials. 2020; 13 (10):2399.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMonika Marosz; Bogdan Samojeden; Andrzej Kowalczyk; Małgorzata Rutkowska; Monika Motak; Urbano Díaz; Antonio E. Palomares; Lucjan Chmielarz. 2020. "MCM-22, MCM-36, and ITQ-2 Zeolites with Different Si/Al Molar Ratios as Effective Catalysts of Methanol and Ethanol Dehydration." Materials 13, no. 10: 2399.
The influence of the pyrolysis temperature on the structural, textural, and electrochemical properties of carbon aerogels obtained from potato, maize, and rice starches was analyzed. The carbonization of organic precursors, followed by gelatinization, exchange of solvent, and drying process, was carried out in an argon atmosphere at temperatures ranging from 600 °C to 1600 °C. The nanostructured carbons were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) as well as N2-adsorption/desorption (N2-BET) methods. The electrochemical behavior of Li-ion cells based on the fabricated carbon anodes was investigated using the galvanostatic charge/discharge tests (GCDT) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that the thermal treatment stage has a crucial impact on the proper formation of the aerogel material's porous structures and also on their working parameters as anode materials. The highest relative development of the external surface was obtained for the samples pyrolysed at 700 °C, which exhibited the best electrochemical characteristics (the highest specific capacities as well as the lowest charge transfer resistances).
Marcelina Kubicka; Monika Bakierska; Krystian Chudzik; Małgorzata Rutkowska; Joanna Pacek; Marcin Molenda. Electrochemical Properties and Structure Evolution of Starch-Based Carbon Nanomaterials as Li-Ion Anodes with Regard to Thermal Treatment. Polymers 2019, 11, 1527 .
AMA StyleMarcelina Kubicka, Monika Bakierska, Krystian Chudzik, Małgorzata Rutkowska, Joanna Pacek, Marcin Molenda. Electrochemical Properties and Structure Evolution of Starch-Based Carbon Nanomaterials as Li-Ion Anodes with Regard to Thermal Treatment. Polymers. 2019; 11 (9):1527.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcelina Kubicka; Monika Bakierska; Krystian Chudzik; Małgorzata Rutkowska; Joanna Pacek; Marcin Molenda. 2019. "Electrochemical Properties and Structure Evolution of Starch-Based Carbon Nanomaterials as Li-Ion Anodes with Regard to Thermal Treatment." Polymers 11, no. 9: 1527.
In the presented studies an influence of different parameters, such as zeolite sample porosity, form of used iron source ([Fe3(OAc)6O(H2O)3]+oligocations or FeSO4 solutions) and method of iron species deposition (ion-exchange, impregnation), on the catalytic activity in the process of the selective catalytic oxidation of ammonia (NH3-SCO) was studied. Conventional and mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolites, obtained by desilication and modified with iron species, were analysed with respect to their textural, surface and crystalline properties (N2-sorption, HRTEM, XRD) as well as the form of introduced Fe species (UV-vis-DRS). Ion-exchange with [Fe3(OAc)6O(H2O)3]+ oligocations and impregnation with these oligocations and FeSO4 solutions were found as the most effective methods of the zeolite samples activation for NH3-SCO.
A. Borcuch; M. Rutkowska; A. Marzec; A. Kowalczyk; M. Michalik; J.M. Moreno; U. Díaz; L. Chmielarz. Selective ammonia oxidation over ZSM-5 zeolite: Impact of catalyst’s support porosity and type of deposited iron species. Catalysis Today 2019, 348, 223 -229.
AMA StyleA. Borcuch, M. Rutkowska, A. Marzec, A. Kowalczyk, M. Michalik, J.M. Moreno, U. Díaz, L. Chmielarz. Selective ammonia oxidation over ZSM-5 zeolite: Impact of catalyst’s support porosity and type of deposited iron species. Catalysis Today. 2019; 348 ():223-229.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Borcuch; M. Rutkowska; A. Marzec; A. Kowalczyk; M. Michalik; J.M. Moreno; U. Díaz; L. Chmielarz. 2019. "Selective ammonia oxidation over ZSM-5 zeolite: Impact of catalyst’s support porosity and type of deposited iron species." Catalysis Today 348, no. : 223-229.
Water soluble hydrophilic polymer poly-N-vinylformamide (PNVF) has been adopted as new binder for selected anode materials based on nanostructured carbon aerogels (CAGs) derived from different types of starch (rice, maize, potato) as well as for graphite as a reference. The results suggest that PNVF can be promising, fluorine free and volatile organic compounds (VOC) free binder for some anode materials especially when taking into consideration its beneficial properties, cost reduction as well as environmental friendliness. PNVF enhances chemical and physical interactions with tested carbons improving adhesion strength of the created composites and thus capacity retention of the formed electrodes during extensive cycling under high current load. Herein, we show that although the binder is only a small part of the entire electrode composition, it has a huge impact on the properties and efficiency of lithium-ion battery. Thereby, every anode material require properly selected binder for the suitable operation and performance of the cell.
Marcelina Lis; Krystian Chudzik; Monika Bakierska; Michał Świętosławski; Marta Gajewska; Małgorzata Rutkowska; Marcin Molenda. Aqueous Binder for Nanostructured Carbon Anode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 2019, 166, A5354 -A5361.
AMA StyleMarcelina Lis, Krystian Chudzik, Monika Bakierska, Michał Świętosławski, Marta Gajewska, Małgorzata Rutkowska, Marcin Molenda. Aqueous Binder for Nanostructured Carbon Anode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries. Journal of The Electrochemical Society. 2019; 166 (3):A5354-A5361.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcelina Lis; Krystian Chudzik; Monika Bakierska; Michał Świętosławski; Marta Gajewska; Małgorzata Rutkowska; Marcin Molenda. 2019. "Aqueous Binder for Nanostructured Carbon Anode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 166, no. 3: A5354-A5361.
Effective catalysts for the low-temperature process of selective catalytic reduction of NO with ammonia (NH3-SCR) were obtained by deposition of copper species on MCM-41 using template ion-exchange method (TIE). It was shown that the form and aggregation of deposited copper species depend on concentration of copper salt (CuCl2) solution and solvent composition used for TIE procedure. In the case of methanol solution of CuCl2 copper in the highly dispersed form, mainly monomeric species, was deposited on the silica support, while in the case of water containing solutions of CuCl2 more aggregated CuO species were formed. The efficiency in deposition of highly dispersed copper species was significantly improved by treatment of the MCM-41 samples with ammonia directly after TIE procedure. In this case nearly 13 wt.% of copper was deposited on MCM-41 nearly exclusively in the form of monomeric cations. The catalysts obtained by this method presented high activity, selectivity to N2 and stability in the low-temperature (200-300°C) NH3-SCR process.
Andrzej Kowalczyk; Aneta Święs; Barbara Gil; Małgorzata Rutkowska; Zofia Piwowarska; Aleksandra Borcuch; Marek Michalik; Lucjan Chmielarz. Effective catalysts for the low-temperature NH3-SCR process based on MCM-41 modified with copper by template ion-exchange (TIE) method. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2018, 237, 927 -937.
AMA StyleAndrzej Kowalczyk, Aneta Święs, Barbara Gil, Małgorzata Rutkowska, Zofia Piwowarska, Aleksandra Borcuch, Marek Michalik, Lucjan Chmielarz. Effective catalysts for the low-temperature NH3-SCR process based on MCM-41 modified with copper by template ion-exchange (TIE) method. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. 2018; 237 ():927-937.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrzej Kowalczyk; Aneta Święs; Barbara Gil; Małgorzata Rutkowska; Zofia Piwowarska; Aleksandra Borcuch; Marek Michalik; Lucjan Chmielarz. 2018. "Effective catalysts for the low-temperature NH3-SCR process based on MCM-41 modified with copper by template ion-exchange (TIE) method." Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 237, no. : 927-937.
In the presented study, H-Beta zeolite and H-Beta/meso (mesoporous Beta zeolite obtained by a mesotemplate-free method) were modified with Fe3, Fe2Cr, FeCr2 and Cr3 triple-metallic aggregates (oligocations) by ion-exchange method (for comparison modification with isolated Fe cations was also done). Successful synthesis of mesoporous Beta zeolite was confirmed by several techniques such as N2-sorption, PXRD, AAS or NH3-TPD. Modified porosity and acidity of the Beta zeolite, as well as the source of metals used, influenced the form (coordination and aggregation), content and reducibility of Fe- and Cr-species in the samples (UV-vis-DRS, AAS, H2-TPR). The obtained samples were tested as catalysts in the process of selective catalytic oxidation of ammonia to dinitrogen (NH3-SCO). The highest activity and selectivity for nitrogen was obtained for the bimetallic Fe-Cr samples prepared by deposition of suitable oligocations.
M. Rutkowska; M. Duda; D. Macina; S. Górecka; R. Dębek; J.M. Moreno; U. Díaz; L. Chmielarz. Mesoporous Beta zeolite functionalisation with FexCry oligocations; catalytic activity in the NH3SCO process. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 2018, 278, 1 -13.
AMA StyleM. Rutkowska, M. Duda, D. Macina, S. Górecka, R. Dębek, J.M. Moreno, U. Díaz, L. Chmielarz. Mesoporous Beta zeolite functionalisation with FexCry oligocations; catalytic activity in the NH3SCO process. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. 2018; 278 ():1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Rutkowska; M. Duda; D. Macina; S. Górecka; R. Dębek; J.M. Moreno; U. Díaz; L. Chmielarz. 2018. "Mesoporous Beta zeolite functionalisation with FexCry oligocations; catalytic activity in the NH3SCO process." Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 278, no. : 1-13.
Various temperature‐programmed techniques were used as tools in mechanistic studies of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with ammonia in the presence of Fe‐containing BEA zeolites. Moreover, FTIR studies of adsorbed NH3 and NO were conducted to determine the interactions of reactants with the catalyst surface. Iron was introduced into BEA zeolite by three different methods: i) two‐step post‐synthesis; ii) conventional wet impregnation; iii) ion exchange. The catalytic activity was dependent on the method used for iron introduction. The reactivities of NH3 and NO adsorbed on iron‐modified zeolites obtained by impregnation and ion‐exchange methods were higher than those measured for the catalyst obtained by a two‐step post‐synthesis method. The activity of Fe‐containing zeolites in SCR was related to the form of deposited iron species, as well as to the nature, strength, and concentration of acid sites. Possible reaction pathways of NO reduction over the FeBEA zeolite catalysts were presented and discussed.
Paweł Boroń; Małgorzata Rutkowska; Barbara Gil; Bartosz Marszałek; Lucjan Chmielarz; Stanislaw Dzwigaj. Experimental Evidence of the Mechanism of Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with NH3 over Fe-Containing BEA Zeolites. ChemSusChem 2018, 12, 692 -705.
AMA StylePaweł Boroń, Małgorzata Rutkowska, Barbara Gil, Bartosz Marszałek, Lucjan Chmielarz, Stanislaw Dzwigaj. Experimental Evidence of the Mechanism of Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with NH3 over Fe-Containing BEA Zeolites. ChemSusChem. 2018; 12 (3):692-705.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaweł Boroń; Małgorzata Rutkowska; Barbara Gil; Bartosz Marszałek; Lucjan Chmielarz; Stanislaw Dzwigaj. 2018. "Experimental Evidence of the Mechanism of Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with NH3 over Fe-Containing BEA Zeolites." ChemSusChem 12, no. 3: 692-705.
In the present study, an influence of the iron aggregation in conventional and micro-mesoporous MFI on their catalytic activity in the NO reduction with ammonia (DeNOx process) was studied. Modification of MFI zeolite properties was done by the desilication in the presence of NaOH and TPAOH (tertapropylammonium hydroxide). In the next step, the samples were modified with iron by ion-exchange with the use of a conventional solution of Fe cations (FeSO4) and a solution of iron triple-metallic aggregates (oligocations) ([Fe3(OAc)6O(H2O)3]+). Both of the applied modification techniques (desilication and modification with Fe3 oligocations) increased the catalytic activity of the MFI zeolite in the DeNOx process. This increased catalytic activity was connected with changes in sample porosity, Si/Al ratio, topology, as well as aggregation and dispersion of iron species on the catalyst surface, which was investigated by N2-sorption, XRD, ICP, NMR, HRTEM and UV-vis-DRS techniques.
M. Rutkowska; A. Borcuch; A. Marzec; Andrzej Kowalczyk; B. Samojeden; J.M. Moreno; U. Díaz; Lucjan Chmielarz. Influence of iron aggregation on the catalytic performance of desilicated MFI in the DeNOx process. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 2018, 304, 109114 .
AMA StyleM. Rutkowska, A. Borcuch, A. Marzec, Andrzej Kowalczyk, B. Samojeden, J.M. Moreno, U. Díaz, Lucjan Chmielarz. Influence of iron aggregation on the catalytic performance of desilicated MFI in the DeNOx process. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. 2018; 304 ():109114.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Rutkowska; A. Borcuch; A. Marzec; Andrzej Kowalczyk; B. Samojeden; J.M. Moreno; U. Díaz; Lucjan Chmielarz. 2018. "Influence of iron aggregation on the catalytic performance of desilicated MFI in the DeNOx process." Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 304, no. : 109114.
Lucjan Chmielarz; Andrzej Kowalczyk; Monika Skoczek; Małgorzata Rutkowska; Barbara Gil; Piotr Natkański; Marcelina Radko; Monika Motak; Radosław Dębek; Janusz Ryczkowski. Porous clay heterostructures intercalated with multicomponent pillars as catalysts for dehydration of alcohols. Applied Clay Science 2018, 160, 116 -125.
AMA StyleLucjan Chmielarz, Andrzej Kowalczyk, Monika Skoczek, Małgorzata Rutkowska, Barbara Gil, Piotr Natkański, Marcelina Radko, Monika Motak, Radosław Dębek, Janusz Ryczkowski. Porous clay heterostructures intercalated with multicomponent pillars as catalysts for dehydration of alcohols. Applied Clay Science. 2018; 160 ():116-125.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLucjan Chmielarz; Andrzej Kowalczyk; Monika Skoczek; Małgorzata Rutkowska; Barbara Gil; Piotr Natkański; Marcelina Radko; Monika Motak; Radosław Dębek; Janusz Ryczkowski. 2018. "Porous clay heterostructures intercalated with multicomponent pillars as catalysts for dehydration of alcohols." Applied Clay Science 160, no. : 116-125.
Various methods of silica and silica–alumina inorganic porous materials functionalization (zeolites, mesoporous silica sieves, and cationic layered clay minerals), for selected processes of environmental catalysis (NO reduction by ammonia, N2O reduction and decomposition, NH3 oxidation to N2, and synthesis of ethers from alcohols), are presented and critically discussed. In the case of zeolites, various strategies for the preparation of materials with hierarchical mesoporous–microporous structures enabling faster internal diffusion of reactants are presented and discussed as catalysts for nitrogen oxide and ammonia conversions. Various methods of catalytically active metals deposition in the form of monomeric cations and aggregated oxide species on mesoporous silica supports, resulting in their uniform distribution, are presented as effective methods for the synthesis of catalysts for the selected environmental processes. Two different strategies for intercalation of cationic layered clay minerals with inorganic pillars are presented and critically discussed as effective methods for the preparation of catalysts for NOx conversion and production of ethers from alcohols. The presented analyses and discussion are mainly based on studies and experience of the authors of this chapter.
Lucjan Chmielarz; Małgorzata Rutkowska; Andrzej Kowalczyk. Advances in Functionalization of Inorganic Porous Materials for Environmental Catalysis. Medicinal Chemistry 2018, 323 -383.
AMA StyleLucjan Chmielarz, Małgorzata Rutkowska, Andrzej Kowalczyk. Advances in Functionalization of Inorganic Porous Materials for Environmental Catalysis. Medicinal Chemistry. 2018; ():323-383.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLucjan Chmielarz; Małgorzata Rutkowska; Andrzej Kowalczyk. 2018. "Advances in Functionalization of Inorganic Porous Materials for Environmental Catalysis." Medicinal Chemistry , no. : 323-383.
In this manuscript, we describe the results of our recent studies on carbon aerogels derived from natural starches. A facile method for the fabrication of carbon aerogels is presented. Moreover, the complete analysis of the carbonization process of different starch aerogels (potato, maize, and rice) was performed using thermogravimetric studies combined with a detailed analysis of evolved decomposition products. The prepared carbon aerogels were studied in terms of their morphology and electrical properties to relate the origin of starch precursor with final properties of carbon materials. The obtained results confirmed the differences in carbon aerogels’ morphology, especially in materials’ specific surface areas, depending on the botanical origin of precursors. The electrical conductivity measurements suggest that carbon aerogels with the best electrical properties can be obtained from potato starch.
Monika Bakierska; Agnieszka Chojnacka; Michał Świętosławski; Piotr Natkański; Marta Gajewska; Małgorzata Rutkowska; Marcin Molenda. Multifunctional Carbon Aerogels Derived by Sol–Gel Process of Natural Polysaccharides of Different Botanical Origin. Materials 2017, 10, 1336 .
AMA StyleMonika Bakierska, Agnieszka Chojnacka, Michał Świętosławski, Piotr Natkański, Marta Gajewska, Małgorzata Rutkowska, Marcin Molenda. Multifunctional Carbon Aerogels Derived by Sol–Gel Process of Natural Polysaccharides of Different Botanical Origin. Materials. 2017; 10 (11):1336.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMonika Bakierska; Agnieszka Chojnacka; Michał Świętosławski; Piotr Natkański; Marta Gajewska; Małgorzata Rutkowska; Marcin Molenda. 2017. "Multifunctional Carbon Aerogels Derived by Sol–Gel Process of Natural Polysaccharides of Different Botanical Origin." Materials 10, no. 11: 1336.
M. Rutkowska; M. Duda; A. Kowalczyk; L. Chmielarz. Modification of the physicochemical properties of the commercial CHA zeolite and examination of its activity in nitrogen oxide abatement. Comptes Rendus. Chimie 2017, 20, 850 -859.
AMA StyleM. Rutkowska, M. Duda, A. Kowalczyk, L. Chmielarz. Modification of the physicochemical properties of the commercial CHA zeolite and examination of its activity in nitrogen oxide abatement. Comptes Rendus. Chimie. 2017; 20 (8):850-859.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Rutkowska; M. Duda; A. Kowalczyk; L. Chmielarz. 2017. "Modification of the physicochemical properties of the commercial CHA zeolite and examination of its activity in nitrogen oxide abatement." Comptes Rendus. Chimie 20, no. 8: 850-859.
In the presented manuscript an influence of the mesoporosity generation in commercial ZSM-5 zeolite on its catalytic performance in two environmental processes, such as NO reduction with ammonia (NH_{3}-SCR, Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with NH_{3}) and NH_{3} oxidation (NH_{3}-SCO, Selective Catalytic Oxidation of NH_{3}) was examined. Micro-mesoporous catalysts with the properties of ZSM-5 zeolite were obtained by desilication with NaOH and NaOH/TPAOH (tetrapropylammonium hydroxide) mixture with different ratios (TPA+/OH- = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and ∞) and for different durations (1, 2, 4 and 6 h). The results of the catalytic studies (over the Cu-exchanged samples) showed higher activity of this novel mesostructured group of zeolitic materials. Enhanced catalytic performance was related to the generated mesoporosity (improved Hierarchy Factor (HF) of the samples), that was observed especially with the use of Pore Directing Agent (PDA) additive, TPAOH. Applied desilication conditions did not influence significantly the crystallinity of the samples (X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD)), despite the treatment for 6 h in NaOH solution, which was found to be too severe to preserve the zeolitic properties of the samples. The modified porous structure and accessibility of acid sites (increased surface acidity determined by temperature programmed desorption of ammonia (NH_{3}-TPD)) influenced the red-ox properties of copper species introduced by ion-exchange method (temperature programmed reduction with hydrogen (H_{2}-TPR). Increased acidity of the micro-mesoporous samples, as well as the content of easily reducible copper species resulted in a significant improvement of Cu-ZSM-5 catalytic efficiency in the NH_{3}-SCR and NH_{3}-SCO processes
M. Rutkowska; I. Pacia; S. Basąg; Andrzej Kowalczyk; Z. Piwowarska; M. Duda; Karolina Anna Tarach; K. Góra-Marek; Marek Michalik; U. Díaz; Lucjan Chmielarz. Catalytic performance of commercial Cu-ZSM-5 zeolite modified by desilication in NH 3 -SCR and NH 3 -SCO processes. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 2017, 246, 193 -206.
AMA StyleM. Rutkowska, I. Pacia, S. Basąg, Andrzej Kowalczyk, Z. Piwowarska, M. Duda, Karolina Anna Tarach, K. Góra-Marek, Marek Michalik, U. Díaz, Lucjan Chmielarz. Catalytic performance of commercial Cu-ZSM-5 zeolite modified by desilication in NH 3 -SCR and NH 3 -SCO processes. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. 2017; 246 ():193-206.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Rutkowska; I. Pacia; S. Basąg; Andrzej Kowalczyk; Z. Piwowarska; M. Duda; Karolina Anna Tarach; K. Góra-Marek; Marek Michalik; U. Díaz; Lucjan Chmielarz. 2017. "Catalytic performance of commercial Cu-ZSM-5 zeolite modified by desilication in NH 3 -SCR and NH 3 -SCO processes." Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 246, no. : 193-206.
Hydrotalcite originated mixed metal Cu–Mg–Al oxide system was doped with various amounts of cerium (0.5 or 3.0 wt%) and tested in the role of catalysts for the selective catalytic oxidation of ammonia to dinitrogen (NH-SCO) and the selective catalytic reduction of NO with ammonia (NH-SCR). The activating effect of cerium was observed in both studied processes. However, the CeO loading is a very important parameter determining catalytic performance of the studied samples. It was shown that an introduction of cerium into Cu–Mg–Al mixed oxide resulted in its significant activation in the low-temperature NH-SCR process, independently of the CeO loading and a decrease in the efficiency of the NO reduction at higher temperatures, which was more significant for the catalyst with the lower cerium content. In the case of the NH-SCO process, the introduction of cerium into Cu–Mg–Al mixed oxide resulted in the activation of the low temperature reaction, which was more intensive for the catalyst with lower cerium content. These effects were related to the presence of cerium in the form of crystallites of various size and therefore their different reducibility.
Sylwia Basąg; Klaudia Kocoł; Zofia Piwowarska; Małgorzata Rutkowska; Rafał Baran; Lucjan Chmielarz. Activating effect of cerium in hydrotalcite derived Cu–Mg–Al catalysts for selective ammonia oxidation and the selective reduction of NO with ammonia. Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis 2017, 121, 225 -240.
AMA StyleSylwia Basąg, Klaudia Kocoł, Zofia Piwowarska, Małgorzata Rutkowska, Rafał Baran, Lucjan Chmielarz. Activating effect of cerium in hydrotalcite derived Cu–Mg–Al catalysts for selective ammonia oxidation and the selective reduction of NO with ammonia. Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis. 2017; 121 (1):225-240.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSylwia Basąg; Klaudia Kocoł; Zofia Piwowarska; Małgorzata Rutkowska; Rafał Baran; Lucjan Chmielarz. 2017. "Activating effect of cerium in hydrotalcite derived Cu–Mg–Al catalysts for selective ammonia oxidation and the selective reduction of NO with ammonia." Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis 121, no. 1: 225-240.
SBA-15 modified with iron by various methods were tested as catalysts of the DeNOx process. Two methods were used for deposition of iron: (i) molecular designed dispersion method to introduce Fe in the form of monomeric cations and (ii) ion-exchange of iron acetate oligocations, [Fe3(OAc)6O(H2O)3]+, for SBA-15 modified with propylsulfonic groups resulted in introduction of aggregated iron oxide species. The obtained samples were characterized with respect to: textural parameters (low-temperature N2 adsorption), structure (XRD, TEM), efficiency of surface species anchoring (DRIFT, FTIR-PAS, TG-DTA and elemental analysis), form and aggregation of deposited iron species (Mössbauer spectroscopy, UV-vis-DRS, H2-TPR, CO-FTIR), distribution of iron oxide species in the samples (TEM-EDX). SBA-15 modified with iron was found to be effective catalysts of selective reduction of NO with ammonia. It was suggested that iron deposited in the form of aggregated FeOx species presents higher catalytic activity in the studied process comparing to monomeric Fe3+ cations.
Daniel Macina; Zofia Piwowarska; Kinga Góra-Marek; Karolina Anna Tarach; Małgorzata Rutkowska; Vladimir Girman; Artur Błachowski; Lucjan Chmielarz. SBA-15 loaded with iron by various methods as catalyst for DeNOx process. Materials Research Bulletin 2016, 78, 72 -82.
AMA StyleDaniel Macina, Zofia Piwowarska, Kinga Góra-Marek, Karolina Anna Tarach, Małgorzata Rutkowska, Vladimir Girman, Artur Błachowski, Lucjan Chmielarz. SBA-15 loaded with iron by various methods as catalyst for DeNOx process. Materials Research Bulletin. 2016; 78 ():72-82.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel Macina; Zofia Piwowarska; Kinga Góra-Marek; Karolina Anna Tarach; Małgorzata Rutkowska; Vladimir Girman; Artur Błachowski; Lucjan Chmielarz. 2016. "SBA-15 loaded with iron by various methods as catalyst for DeNOx process." Materials Research Bulletin 78, no. : 72-82.
In the presented studies, a new method for the synthesis of hierarchical porous materials with ZSM-5 zeolite properties was applied.
M. Rutkowska; D. Macina; Z. Piwowarska; M. Gajewska; U. Díaz; L. Chmielarz. Hierarchically structured ZSM-5 obtained by optimized mesotemplate-free method as active catalyst for methanol to DME conversion. Catalysis Science & Technology 2016, 6, 4849 -4862.
AMA StyleM. Rutkowska, D. Macina, Z. Piwowarska, M. Gajewska, U. Díaz, L. Chmielarz. Hierarchically structured ZSM-5 obtained by optimized mesotemplate-free method as active catalyst for methanol to DME conversion. Catalysis Science & Technology. 2016; 6 (13):4849-4862.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Rutkowska; D. Macina; Z. Piwowarska; M. Gajewska; U. Díaz; L. Chmielarz. 2016. "Hierarchically structured ZSM-5 obtained by optimized mesotemplate-free method as active catalyst for methanol to DME conversion." Catalysis Science & Technology 6, no. 13: 4849-4862.
The desilication and direct synthesis route techniques were used to prepare mesostructured ZSM-5 zeo-\ud lites. Iron was introduced to purely microporous and to hierarchical analogs by two-fold ion-exchange \ud procedure using a Fe(NO\ud 3\ud )\ud 3 \ud solution. The results of the catalytic studies of the NH\ud 3\ud -SCR process showed \ud that the Fe-exchanged ZSM-5 sample prepared by direct synthesis route with amphiphilic organosilanes \ud as a mesopore-directing agents presented the highest catalytic activity in the low temperature range \ud comparing to the other catalyst studied. Moreover, the Fe-catalysts revealed high catalytic performance \ud in the NH\ud 3\ud -SCO process. High catalytic activity of the studied samples was related to high concentration \ud of mononuclear Fe\ud 3+ \ud cations with pseudo-T\ud d \ud or O\ud h \ud coordination, guaranteed by the enhanced mesopore \ud area of zeolite support, as well as with high acidity of the zeolite itself. The facility of the transport of \ud the reactants to and from the active surface sites seems to be also ensured by highly developed system \ud of mesopores. IR studies of adsorption forms both of nitrogen monoxide and ammonia as well as the \ud products of their conversion gave insight into the NH\ud 3\ud -SCR and NH\ud 3\ud -SCO reaction mechanisms
Kinga Góra-Marek; Kamila Brylewska; Karolina A. Tarach; Małgorzata Rutkowska; Magdalena Jabłońska; Minkee Choi; Lucjan Chmielarz. IR studies of Fe modified ZSM-5 zeolites of diverse mesopore topologies in the terms of their catalytic performance in NH3-SCR and NH3-SCO processes. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2015, 179, 589 -598.
AMA StyleKinga Góra-Marek, Kamila Brylewska, Karolina A. Tarach, Małgorzata Rutkowska, Magdalena Jabłońska, Minkee Choi, Lucjan Chmielarz. IR studies of Fe modified ZSM-5 zeolites of diverse mesopore topologies in the terms of their catalytic performance in NH3-SCR and NH3-SCO processes. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. 2015; 179 ():589-598.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKinga Góra-Marek; Kamila Brylewska; Karolina A. Tarach; Małgorzata Rutkowska; Magdalena Jabłońska; Minkee Choi; Lucjan Chmielarz. 2015. "IR studies of Fe modified ZSM-5 zeolites of diverse mesopore topologies in the terms of their catalytic performance in NH3-SCR and NH3-SCO processes." Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 179, no. : 589-598.