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Social vulnerability and social capital have been shown to influence how severely communities are impacted by natural hazards and how quickly they recover. Indices exist to quantify these factors using publicly available data; however, more empirical research is needed to validate these indices and support their use in pre-disaster planning and decision making. Using data from the Federal Emergency Management Agency and data gathered through imagery analysis in Google Earth, this study evaluates the effectiveness of two indices of social vulnerability and social capital to predict housing impacts and rates of recovery in Florida and Puerto Rico following Hurricanes Irma and Maria in 2017. We found the social vulnerability index to be statistically significant in explaining the variation of housing impacts in both case studies, with varying results for the sub-indices of social vulnerability. Results for the social capital index were mixed between the case studies, and we found no statistically significant relationship between any of the indices and rates of housing recovery. Our results show that indices such as these can be useful, with an awareness of limitations, for researchers and emergency practitioners, and additional empirical analysis is needed to more fully support their efficacy for resilience assessment.
Sebastian Rowan; Kyle Kwiatkowski. Assessing the Relationship between Social Vulnerability, Social Capital, and Housing Resilience. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7718 .
AMA StyleSebastian Rowan, Kyle Kwiatkowski. Assessing the Relationship between Social Vulnerability, Social Capital, and Housing Resilience. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (18):7718.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSebastian Rowan; Kyle Kwiatkowski. 2020. "Assessing the Relationship between Social Vulnerability, Social Capital, and Housing Resilience." Sustainability 12, no. 18: 7718.
Changes in weather patterns pose a threat to the serviceability and long-term performance of roads, and porous asphalt (PA) roads are particularly sensitive to the freezing-thawing (FT) phenomenon. The main objective of this research is to assess the impact of climate change, particularly freezing and thawing cycles, on PA. Climate models predict changes in air temperature, not pavement temperature. To predict the climate change impact on pavements performance, this requires first establishing a relationship between air and road temperature and a correlation between pavement performance and FT cycles. This project focuses on the Netherlands, where PA pavement use has become mandatory, and recent severe winters have increased the discussion about the cold weather performance of porous asphalt and the potential challenges of changing winter weather patterns. When considering long-term changes in climate, the cost impacts of freeze–thaw on PA pavement are predicted to vary regionally and in most areas reach a point in the middle of the century when a reactive wait-and-see approach is more advantageous than proactive adaptation. Further research is suggested to refine the relationship between observed damage and freeze–thaw impacts on PA pavement.
Kyle Kwiatkowski; Irina Stipanovic Oslakovic; Herbert Ter Maat; Andreas Hartmann; Paul Chinowsky; G. P. M. R. Dewulf. Modeling Cost Impacts and Adaptation of Freeze–Thaw Climate Change on a Porous Asphalt Road Network. Journal of Infrastructure Systems 2020, 26, 04020022 .
AMA StyleKyle Kwiatkowski, Irina Stipanovic Oslakovic, Herbert Ter Maat, Andreas Hartmann, Paul Chinowsky, G. P. M. R. Dewulf. Modeling Cost Impacts and Adaptation of Freeze–Thaw Climate Change on a Porous Asphalt Road Network. Journal of Infrastructure Systems. 2020; 26 (3):04020022.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKyle Kwiatkowski; Irina Stipanovic Oslakovic; Herbert Ter Maat; Andreas Hartmann; Paul Chinowsky; G. P. M. R. Dewulf. 2020. "Modeling Cost Impacts and Adaptation of Freeze–Thaw Climate Change on a Porous Asphalt Road Network." Journal of Infrastructure Systems 26, no. 3: 04020022.
Kyle P. Kwiatkowski; Paul S. Chinowsky. Climate change adaptation as an organizational system in transportation infrastructure organizations: Identifying processes and institutional elements. Transport Policy 2017, 60, 47 -53.
AMA StyleKyle P. Kwiatkowski, Paul S. Chinowsky. Climate change adaptation as an organizational system in transportation infrastructure organizations: Identifying processes and institutional elements. Transport Policy. 2017; 60 ():47-53.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKyle P. Kwiatkowski; Paul S. Chinowsky. 2017. "Climate change adaptation as an organizational system in transportation infrastructure organizations: Identifying processes and institutional elements." Transport Policy 60, no. : 47-53.
This chapter investigates the impact and adaptation options of climate change on porous asphalt (PA) roads, specifically for the case of winter weather (freeze‐thaw cycles) and road damage in the Netherlands. Changes in weather patterns pose a threat to the serviceability and long‐term performance of roads, as up to half of road maintenance costs are attributable to weather stresses. Current climate change impact research often produces results on a systemic, macroscale, and less is known about the regional impact to specific road types. To address this, the chapter examines the correlation between historic winter weather and PA pavement performance, which is particularly sensitive to the freezing/thawing phenomena. The combination of Rijkswaterstaat's (the Dutch ministerial road authority) reputation for long‐term planning, strict maintenance procedures and recent budget constraints further highlights the need for adaptation analysis that addresses their organization and regional priorities, not only sector‐wide concerns.
Kyle Kwiatkowski; Irina Stipanovic Oslakovic; Andreas Hartmann; Herbert Ter Maat. Potential Impact of Climate Change on Porous Asphalt with a Focus on Winter Damage. Materials and Infrastructures 2 2016, 159 -176.
AMA StyleKyle Kwiatkowski, Irina Stipanovic Oslakovic, Andreas Hartmann, Herbert Ter Maat. Potential Impact of Climate Change on Porous Asphalt with a Focus on Winter Damage. Materials and Infrastructures 2. 2016; ():159-176.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKyle Kwiatkowski; Irina Stipanovic Oslakovic; Andreas Hartmann; Herbert Ter Maat. 2016. "Potential Impact of Climate Change on Porous Asphalt with a Focus on Winter Damage." Materials and Infrastructures 2 , no. : 159-176.
Amy Schweikert; Paul Chinowsky; Kyle Kwiatkowski; Akash Johnson; Elizabeth Shilling; Kenneth Strzepek; Niko Strzepek. Road Infrastructure and Climate Change: Impacts and Adaptations for South Africa. Journal of Infrastructure Systems 2015, 21, 04014046 .
AMA StyleAmy Schweikert, Paul Chinowsky, Kyle Kwiatkowski, Akash Johnson, Elizabeth Shilling, Kenneth Strzepek, Niko Strzepek. Road Infrastructure and Climate Change: Impacts and Adaptations for South Africa. Journal of Infrastructure Systems. 2015; 21 (3):04014046.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmy Schweikert; Paul Chinowsky; Kyle Kwiatkowski; Akash Johnson; Elizabeth Shilling; Kenneth Strzepek; Niko Strzepek. 2015. "Road Infrastructure and Climate Change: Impacts and Adaptations for South Africa." Journal of Infrastructure Systems 21, no. 3: 04014046.
Amy Schweikert; Paul Chinowsky; Kyle Kwiatkowski; Xavier Espinet. The infrastructure planning support system: Analyzing the impact of climate change on road infrastructure and development. Transport Policy 2014, 35, 146 -153.
AMA StyleAmy Schweikert, Paul Chinowsky, Kyle Kwiatkowski, Xavier Espinet. The infrastructure planning support system: Analyzing the impact of climate change on road infrastructure and development. Transport Policy. 2014; 35 ():146-153.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmy Schweikert; Paul Chinowsky; Kyle Kwiatkowski; Xavier Espinet. 2014. "The infrastructure planning support system: Analyzing the impact of climate change on road infrastructure and development." Transport Policy 35, no. : 146-153.
This paper presents the results of the current study on the impact of climate change on the road and building infrastructure within South Africa. The approach builds upon previous work associated with the UNU-WIDER Development under Climate Change effort emphasizing the impact of climate change on roads. The paper illustrates how climate change effects on both road and building structures can be evaluated with the application of a new analysis system–the infrastructure planning support system. The results of the study indicate that the national level climate change cost impact in South Africa will vary between US$141.0 million average annual costs in the median climate scenario under an adaptation policy, and US$210.0 million average annual costs under a no adaptation scenario. Similarly, the costs will vary between US$457.0 million average annual costs in the maximum climate scenario under an adaptation policy scenario, and US$522.0 million average annual costs under a no adaptation scenario. The paper presents these costs at a provincial impact level through the potential impacts of 54 climate scenarios. Decadal costs are detailed through 2100.
Kenneth Strzepek; Niko Strzepek; Kyle Kwiatkowski; Amy E. Schweikert; Paul S. Chinowsky. Infrastructure and Climate Change: Impacts and Adaptations for South Africa. 2012, 1 .
AMA StyleKenneth Strzepek, Niko Strzepek, Kyle Kwiatkowski, Amy E. Schweikert, Paul S. Chinowsky. Infrastructure and Climate Change: Impacts and Adaptations for South Africa. . 2012; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKenneth Strzepek; Niko Strzepek; Kyle Kwiatkowski; Amy E. Schweikert; Paul S. Chinowsky. 2012. "Infrastructure and Climate Change: Impacts and Adaptations for South Africa." , no. : 1.
This paper presents the results of the current study on the impact of climate change on the road and building infrastructure within South Africa. The approach builds upon previous work associated with the UNU-WIDER Development under Climate Change effort emphasizing the impact of climate change on roads. The paper illustrates how climate change effects on both road and building structures can be evaluated with the application of a new analysis system?the infrastructure planning support system.
Amy E. Schweikert; Niko Strzepek; Kenneth Strzepek; Kyle P. Kwiatkowski; Paul S. Chinowsky; Kyle Kwiatkowski. Infrastructure and Climate Change: Impacts and Adaptations for South Africa. 2012, 1 .
AMA StyleAmy E. Schweikert, Niko Strzepek, Kenneth Strzepek, Kyle P. Kwiatkowski, Paul S. Chinowsky, Kyle Kwiatkowski. Infrastructure and Climate Change: Impacts and Adaptations for South Africa. . 2012; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmy E. Schweikert; Niko Strzepek; Kenneth Strzepek; Kyle P. Kwiatkowski; Paul S. Chinowsky; Kyle Kwiatkowski. 2012. "Infrastructure and Climate Change: Impacts and Adaptations for South Africa." , no. : 1.