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Luiza Toma
Department of Rural Economy, Environment and Society, Food Marketing Research, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), King’s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK

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https://pure.sruc.ac.uk/en/persons/luiza-toma https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1176-5140

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Journal article
Published: 27 September 2020 in Sustainability
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Dairy is a key investment sector for the Government of Malawi. On 1 October 2016, the Malawi Revenue Authority announced that milk, which until then had been exempted from value added tax (VAT), was going to be taxed at the standard rate of 16.5 percent. The measure has been met with strong opposition and thus, was short lived (eliminated in May 2017). The purpose of this paper is to present an analysis of the effect that such a tax would have on its incidence, on the different stages of the supply chain, and ultimately on its economic and social sustainability. The paper investigates these implications by developing a multimarket model applied to the Malawian dairy supply chain. The results indicate that 24.3 percent of the VAT revenues would be borne by consumers and the remaining 75.7 percent would be borne by the domestic dairy industry (i.e., processors and smallholder farmers). This was due mainly to the value of the price elasticity of consumers’ demand for pasteurised milk. The results highlight the vulnerability of inclusive value chains to economic policies that may affect consumers’ demand.

ACS Style

Cesar Revoredo-Giha; Luiza Toma; Faical Akaichi. An Analysis of the Tax Incidence of VAT to Milk in Malawi. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8003 .

AMA Style

Cesar Revoredo-Giha, Luiza Toma, Faical Akaichi. An Analysis of the Tax Incidence of VAT to Milk in Malawi. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (19):8003.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cesar Revoredo-Giha; Luiza Toma; Faical Akaichi. 2020. "An Analysis of the Tax Incidence of VAT to Milk in Malawi." Sustainability 12, no. 19: 8003.

Original article
Published: 01 April 2020 in EuroChoices
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Food safety, whether actual or perceived, is one of the major reasons for food waste along the agri‐food supply chain. Food safety hazards at farm level such as mycotoxin contamination of feed, overuse of antimicrobials in livestock disease control, and zoonotic disease incursion may lead to food unfit for human consumption and thus waste. Given the importance of safety as one of the most important attributes of food, the appropriate management of risks along the supply chain can contribute to reductions in food loss and waste. However, a better coordination between food waste and safety policies is also needed, which requires: balancing the scientific evidence and the precautionary principle; reviewing current food safety regulations to identify areas potentially leading to avoidable waste; combining the monitoring of safety hazards and waste along the agri‐food chain; provision of tailored information on linkages between food safety and waste; and investment in technologies to accurately assess the edibility of food. Attention needs to be paid to policies and practices on food labelling and packaging to ensure that they do not lead to unintended or unnecessary impacts on food safety and waste, which are not justified by scientific evidence.

ACS Style

Luiza Toma; Cesar Revoredo‐Giha; Montserrat Costa‐Font; Bethan Thompson. Food Waste and Food Safety Linkagesalong the Supply Chain. EuroChoices 2020, 19, 24 -29.

AMA Style

Luiza Toma, Cesar Revoredo‐Giha, Montserrat Costa‐Font, Bethan Thompson. Food Waste and Food Safety Linkagesalong the Supply Chain. EuroChoices. 2020; 19 (1):24-29.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luiza Toma; Cesar Revoredo‐Giha; Montserrat Costa‐Font; Bethan Thompson. 2020. "Food Waste and Food Safety Linkagesalong the Supply Chain." EuroChoices 19, no. 1: 24-29.

Original research article
Published: 20 November 2019 in Frontiers in Veterinary Science
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The paper analyses the uptake of animal health and welfare technologies by livestock farmers focusing on the identification of different behavioral patterns occurring in subpopulations of farmers and the assessment of the effect socio-economic and attitudinal factors have on these patterns. The technologies of interest include new genomic technologies, animal electronic identification (EID) for farm management, cattle surveillance, welfare qualitative behavioral assessment, anaerobic digestion, pedometers or activity monitors to detect oestrus and increase fertility/conception, and webcams/smart phones/tablets for animal husbandry. We use latent class analysis modeling and cross-section survey data to construct typologies of farmers based on technological uptake and heterogeneous characteristics. Our results suggest that, while three fifths of the farmers are “non-adopters,” a third is classified as “current adopters” of animal EID for farm management, and a twelfth as “future adopters” of either or more types of animal health and welfare technologies. Age, agricultural income, perceived difficulty to invest in new technologies, agri-environmental scheme membership, and frequency of access to information on animal EID for farm management and cattle surveillance through British Cattle Movement Service, are significant predictors of typology membership. The findings are policy relevant as they give quantitative evidence on the factors influencing technological uptake and, as such, help identify the most likely adopters and optimize the cost of targeting them. As information access was found to be among the factors influencing multiple technology adoption, policy instruments should include the provision of training as regards the implementation of technologies and their combined impact on farm. Farmers' adoption of interrelated innovations suggests the need to coordinate individual policies aimed at encouraging uptake of different technologies. As shown here, this would concern not only synchronizing animal health and welfare policies, but also their interaction with others such as agri-environmental ones. Moreover, the results show that animal health policies requiring regulatory compliance may lead to voluntary uptake of additional or complementary technologies which relate to not just meeting but exceeding standards of animal welfare and health practices.

ACS Style

Jiayi Liu; Luiza Toma; Andrew Barnes; Alistair Stott. Farmers' Uptake of Animal Health and Welfare Technological Innovations. Implications for Animal Health Policies. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2019, 6, 410 .

AMA Style

Jiayi Liu, Luiza Toma, Andrew Barnes, Alistair Stott. Farmers' Uptake of Animal Health and Welfare Technological Innovations. Implications for Animal Health Policies. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2019; 6 ():410.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiayi Liu; Luiza Toma; Andrew Barnes; Alistair Stott. 2019. "Farmers' Uptake of Animal Health and Welfare Technological Innovations. Implications for Animal Health Policies." Frontiers in Veterinary Science 6, no. : 410.

Journal article
Published: 12 November 2019 in Frontiers in Nutrition
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Sources and quantities of milk loss in primary production are presented in this paper through an analysis of results from a 2018 survey. Responses from 43 dairy farms in Scotland showed that milk losses occurred due to withdrawal periods for veterinary treatment, parlor infrastructure, and lapses in management routine. A partial life cycle assessment detailed flows of milk from cow to farm gate and captured farm inputs such as imported feeds and fertilizers. Incidence of animal health events such as mastitis, that routinely lead to milk withdrawal were quantified alongside strategies carried out by farmers to reduce milk loss. Treatment for mastitis accounted for 76% of all milk withdrawal days and the remaining 24% stemmed from therapies for health events such as uterine disorders and lameness. Withdrawal periods for mastitis treatments averaged 4.5 days, with a mean incidence of 20% of cows in a herd. Across all farms, an average of 98.2% of total milk produced was sold, 0.66% was purposely retained, 0.55% was rejected due to antibiotic residues, 0.5% was lost from parlor to bulk tank infrastructure and a further 0.09% was rejected by the processor. Carbon footprints found greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions averaged 0.849 kg CO2e/kg across farms for the milking herd. A scenario of 20% fewer withdrawal days reduced GHG's on average by 0.6%. Additional mitigation was attained by reductions in milk loss from parlor infrastructure and the bulk tank, and this showed a 1% reduction in GHG emissions could be achieved through higher volumes of milk sales. Categorizing responses by management system type highlighted differences in proportional losses between all year round housed and conventional grazing regimes. The most predominant health disorder leading to milk withdrawal was mastitis, however losses due to other health events and parlor infrastructure were not insignificant on Scottish dairy farms.

ACS Style

Margaret D. March; Luiza Toma; Bethan Thompson; Marie J. Haskell. Food Waste in Primary Production: Milk Loss With Mitigation Potentials. Frontiers in Nutrition 2019, 6, 1 .

AMA Style

Margaret D. March, Luiza Toma, Bethan Thompson, Marie J. Haskell. Food Waste in Primary Production: Milk Loss With Mitigation Potentials. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2019; 6 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Margaret D. March; Luiza Toma; Bethan Thompson; Marie J. Haskell. 2019. "Food Waste in Primary Production: Milk Loss With Mitigation Potentials." Frontiers in Nutrition 6, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 05 November 2019 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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This study contributes to the household food waste literature by helping us to understand the personal and social factors that influence our use of expiry-date labels on dairy products. It uses an extended theory of planned behaviour (TPB) model with the additional variables of habit and food waste attitudes as well as two upstream expiry-date behaviours, checking date labels in shops and checking date labels in the fridge. Data was collected from consumers in a two-stage survey. Results indicate that both intentions and habit had a relatively strong influence on behaviour, as did the upstream expiry-date behaviours of checking date labels in shops and checking date labels in the fridge. Attitudes, food waste attitudes, and social norms were all found to be associated with intentions whereas perceived behavioural control (PBC) was not found to be associated with either intentions of behaviour. These findings have implications for our understanding of behaviours associated with food waste and therefore for food waste reduction policy and communication efforts.

ACS Style

Bethan Thompson; Luiza Toma; Andrew Barnes; Cesar Revoredo-Giha. Date-label use and the waste of dairy products by consumers. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 247, 119174 .

AMA Style

Bethan Thompson, Luiza Toma, Andrew Barnes, Cesar Revoredo-Giha. Date-label use and the waste of dairy products by consumers. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 247 ():119174.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bethan Thompson; Luiza Toma; Andrew Barnes; Cesar Revoredo-Giha. 2019. "Date-label use and the waste of dairy products by consumers." Journal of Cleaner Production 247, no. : 119174.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2018 in Waste Management
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In the context of national and cross-national efforts to reduce the quantity of food wasted by consumers, there is growing interest in the role of date labelling. Recent proposals by policy makers and the food industry to address dairy product waste have included streamlining date-label application and encouraging the use of best-before dates where possible. In order for these measures to have a positive impact on food waste, consumers must not only know the difference between date types, but also be prepared to act on this information and consume products after the best-before date. Through a survey of 548 Scottish consumers we investigated the relationship between product type, date type, reduced labels and willingness to consume (WTC) dairy products in relation to the both the best-before date and the use-by date. We also examined the factors associated with different levels of WTC products in relation to the best-before date including knowledge, risk perceptions and trust. Our results suggest that on their own, the effect on food waste of applying best-before dates to dairy is likely to be small. In order for such changes to be effective, consumer communication that goes beyond improving expiry-date knowledge and addresses the multifaceted nature of related risk perceptions and conceptions of date-label trust will be required.

ACS Style

Bethan Thompson; Luiza Toma; Andrew Barnes; Cesar Revoredo-Giha. The effect of date labels on willingness to consume dairy products: Implications for food waste reduction. Waste Management 2018, 78, 124 -134.

AMA Style

Bethan Thompson, Luiza Toma, Andrew Barnes, Cesar Revoredo-Giha. The effect of date labels on willingness to consume dairy products: Implications for food waste reduction. Waste Management. 2018; 78 ():124-134.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bethan Thompson; Luiza Toma; Andrew Barnes; Cesar Revoredo-Giha. 2018. "The effect of date labels on willingness to consume dairy products: Implications for food waste reduction." Waste Management 78, no. : 124-134.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2017 in Resources, Conservation and Recycling
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ACS Style

Ciara Beausang; Clare Hall; Luiza Toma. Food waste and losses in primary production: Qualitative insights from horticulture. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2017, 126, 177 -185.

AMA Style

Ciara Beausang, Clare Hall, Luiza Toma. Food waste and losses in primary production: Qualitative insights from horticulture. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2017; 126 ():177-185.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ciara Beausang; Clare Hall; Luiza Toma. 2017. "Food waste and losses in primary production: Qualitative insights from horticulture." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 126, no. : 177-185.

Journal article
Published: 17 October 2017 in Operational Research
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This research analyses the impact that the level of understanding of date marking (among other influences) has on the food waste behaviour of consumers in the European Union focusing on a comparison between European Union countries. The data were extracted from the Dataset Flash Eurobarometer 425: Food waste and date marking (European Commission in Flash eurobarometer 425: food waste and date marking, European Commission, Brussels, 2015) and structural equation models to estimate the strength of these influences on behaviour. The results show that socio-demographics (age; education; occupation); behavioural control (perceptions regarding the need for better and clearer information about ‘best before’ and ‘use by’ date labelling on food products; frequency of checking date labels when shopping and preparing meals); and understanding of ‘best before’ and ‘use by’ labels have significant effects on behaviours related to lower food waste (use of senses instead of labels to decide whether to eat or throw away food e.g., non-perishable foods from own kitchen cupboard with no ‘best before’ date indicated on the label which were not bought recently; or food products which must be used within a certain number of days after opening and are past that; and the need for ‘best before’ dates on non-perishable foods, such as rice, pasta, coffee or tea). The stated understanding of date labelling is a key influence in all models and explains a consistent fifth (ceteris paribus) of the variance in behaviour.

ACS Style

Luiza Toma; Montserrat Costa Font; Bethan Thompson. Impact of consumers’ understanding of date labelling on food waste behaviour. Operational Research 2017, 20, 543 -560.

AMA Style

Luiza Toma, Montserrat Costa Font, Bethan Thompson. Impact of consumers’ understanding of date labelling on food waste behaviour. Operational Research. 2017; 20 (2):543-560.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luiza Toma; Montserrat Costa Font; Bethan Thompson. 2017. "Impact of consumers’ understanding of date labelling on food waste behaviour." Operational Research 20, no. 2: 543-560.

Original articles
Published: 26 July 2017 in Scottish Geographical Journal
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In this paper, we assess the recent and anticipated changes on Scotland’s livestock-producing crofts, using a representative survey of Scottish farmers undertaken in 2013. We find that crofters are similar to other livestock farmers, both inside and outside of the traditional crofting counties, in terms of age, years of involvement in the holding and percentage of identified successors, but are less likely to own their holdings or to operate them for profit. Crofters reported being more subsidy dependent than other livestock producers, and many appear likely to retreat from crofting in the event of substantive subsidy reductions. However, crofting respondents identified input costs, regulations, commodity prices and climate change as having had greater influence on how they manage their crofts than the 2005 transition to the ‘Single Farm Payment’. Overall, crofters reported making fewer changes than their counterparts in non-crofting counties, but similar levels to those of other livestock farmers within crofting counties, suggesting less ‘room for manoeuvre’ within the remote areas in which most crofts are located. However, there is some evidence that ‘active’ crofts are ‘bouncing forward’ in response to recent challenges, particularly into forestry and agri-tourism, also reporting significantly higher perceived economic prospects.

ACS Style

Lee-Ann Sutherland; Jonathan Hopkins; Luiza Toma; Andrew Barnes; Keith Matthews. Adaptation, Resilience and CAP Reform: A Comparison of Crofts and Livestock Farms in Scotland. Scottish Geographical Journal 2017, 133, 192 -213.

AMA Style

Lee-Ann Sutherland, Jonathan Hopkins, Luiza Toma, Andrew Barnes, Keith Matthews. Adaptation, Resilience and CAP Reform: A Comparison of Crofts and Livestock Farms in Scotland. Scottish Geographical Journal. 2017; 133 (3-4):192-213.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lee-Ann Sutherland; Jonathan Hopkins; Luiza Toma; Andrew Barnes; Keith Matthews. 2017. "Adaptation, Resilience and CAP Reform: A Comparison of Crofts and Livestock Farms in Scotland." Scottish Geographical Journal 133, no. 3-4: 192-213.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2017 in Forest Policy and Economics
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ACS Style

Jonathan Hopkins; Lee-Ann Sutherland; Melf-Hinrich Ehlers; Keith Matthews; Andrew Barnes; Luiza Toma. Scottish farmers' intentions to afforest land in the context of farm diversification. Forest Policy and Economics 2017, 78, 122 -132.

AMA Style

Jonathan Hopkins, Lee-Ann Sutherland, Melf-Hinrich Ehlers, Keith Matthews, Andrew Barnes, Luiza Toma. Scottish farmers' intentions to afforest land in the context of farm diversification. Forest Policy and Economics. 2017; 78 ():122-132.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jonathan Hopkins; Lee-Ann Sutherland; Melf-Hinrich Ehlers; Keith Matthews; Andrew Barnes; Luiza Toma. 2017. "Scottish farmers' intentions to afforest land in the context of farm diversification." Forest Policy and Economics 78, no. : 122-132.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2017 in Preventive Veterinary Medicine
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Nematode control in sheep, by strategic use of anthelmintics, is threatened by the emergence of roundworms populations that are resistant to one or more of the currently available drugs. In response to growing concerns of Anthelmintic Resistance (AR) development in UK sheep flocks, the Sustainable Control of Parasites in Sheep (SCOPS) initiative was set up in 2003 in order to promote practical guidelines for producers and advisors. To facilitate the uptake of 'best practice' approaches to nematode management, a comprehensive understanding of the various factors influencing sheep farmers' adoption of the SCOPS principles is required. A telephone survey of 400 Scottish sheep farmers was conducted to elicit attitudes regarding roundworm control, AR and 'best practice' recommendations. A quantitative statistical analysis approach using structural equation modelling was chosen to test the relationships between both observed and latent variables relating to general roundworm control beliefs. A model framework was developed to test the influence of socio-psychological factors on the uptake of sustainable (SCOPS) and known unsustainable (AR selective) roundworm control practices. The analysis identified eleven factors with significant influences on the adoption of SCOPS recommended practices and AR selective practices. Two models established a good fit with the observed data with each model explaining 54% and 47% of the variance in SCOPS and AR selective behaviours, respectively. The key influences toward the adoption of best practice parasite management, as well as demonstrating negative influences on employing AR selective practices were farmer's base line understanding about roundworm control and confirmation about lack of anthelmintic efficacy in a flock. The findings suggest that improving farmers' acceptance and uptake of diagnostic testing and improving underlying knowledge and awareness about nematode control may influence adoption of best practice behaviour.

ACS Style

Corin Jack; Emily Hotchkiss; Neil D. Sargison; Luiza Toma; Catherine Milne; David. J. Bartley. A quantitative analysis of attitudes and behaviours concerning sustainable parasite control practices from Scottish sheep farmers. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 2017, 139, 134 -145.

AMA Style

Corin Jack, Emily Hotchkiss, Neil D. Sargison, Luiza Toma, Catherine Milne, David. J. Bartley. A quantitative analysis of attitudes and behaviours concerning sustainable parasite control practices from Scottish sheep farmers. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 2017; 139 ():134-145.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Corin Jack; Emily Hotchkiss; Neil D. Sargison; Luiza Toma; Catherine Milne; David. J. Bartley. 2017. "A quantitative analysis of attitudes and behaviours concerning sustainable parasite control practices from Scottish sheep farmers." Preventive Veterinary Medicine 139, no. : 134-145.

Article
Published: 15 November 2016 in The Journal of Technology Transfer
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This study analyses the impact of the transfer of technological information (among other a priori identified factors) on the uptake of innovative crop technologies using structural equation modelling of data from a representative survey of Scottish crop farmers. The model explains 83% of the variance in current technological uptake behaviour and 63% of the variance in intentions to uptake new technologies. Results show economic characteristics (profit orientation, agricultural income, technological investment behaviour and farm labour) to have the strongest effect on both uptake and intentions to uptake novel technologies. Education, access to technological information and perceived usefulness of sources of information transfer are also main influences on behaviour and intentions. Technological uptake behaviour is a strong determinant of intentions to uptake more technologies in the future. The results confirm established evidence from the literature that, besides economic factors, access to technological information and trust in/perceived usefulness of the different information sources will have an impact on technological uptake. The findings are highly policy relevant as they give some indication of the factors influencing the process of targeting specific technological information transfer through the appropriate channels to agricultural producers, which builds a potential driver of behavioural change.

ACS Style

L. Toma; Andrew Barnes; L.-A. Sutherland; S. Thomson; Fiona Burnett; K. Mathews. Impact of information transfer on farmers’ uptake of innovative crop technologies: a structural equation model applied to survey data. The Journal of Technology Transfer 2016, 43, 864 -881.

AMA Style

L. Toma, Andrew Barnes, L.-A. Sutherland, S. Thomson, Fiona Burnett, K. Mathews. Impact of information transfer on farmers’ uptake of innovative crop technologies: a structural equation model applied to survey data. The Journal of Technology Transfer. 2016; 43 (4):864-881.

Chicago/Turabian Style

L. Toma; Andrew Barnes; L.-A. Sutherland; S. Thomson; Fiona Burnett; K. Mathews. 2016. "Impact of information transfer on farmers’ uptake of innovative crop technologies: a structural equation model applied to survey data." The Journal of Technology Transfer 43, no. 4: 864-881.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2016 in Ecological Indicators
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Highlights•Innovative and common DEA models applied to measure ecological efficiency.•Phosphorus use comparison of confined, conventional, and novel dairy systems.•DEA is applied to consider both pollutant and non-renewable nature of phosphorus.•System efficiency differences are found to depend on DEA model type. AbstractIncreased demand for protein rich nutrition and a limited land capacity combine to create a food supply issue which imposes greater dependence on phosphorus, required for yield maximization in crops for humans, and for animal feeds. To determine the technical and environmental efficiency of diverse milk production systems, this work evaluates the use of phosphorus (P), within confined, conventional grazing, and innovative dairy management regimes across two genetic merits of Holstein Friesian cows, by calculating annual farm gate P budgets and applying a series of common and novel data envelopment analysis (DEA) models. Efficiency results provide an insight into P effective dairy management systems as the DEA models consider P as an environmental pollutant as well as a non-renewable resource. We observe that dairy system efficiency differs, and can depend upon, model emphasis, whether it is the potential for losses to the environment, or the finite nature of P. DEA scores generated by pollutant focused models were wider ranging and, on average, higher for genetically improved animals within housed systems, consuming imported by-product feeds and exporting all manure. However, DEA models which considered P as a non-renewable resource presented a tighter range of efficiency scores across all management regimes and did not always favour cows of improved genetics. Divergent results arising from type of model applied generate questions concerning the importance of model emphasis and offer insight into the sustainability of P use within varied dairy systems.

ACS Style

M.D. March; Luiza Toma; A.W. Stott; D.J. Roberts. Modelling phosphorus efficiency within diverse dairy farming systems − pollutant and non-renewable resource? Ecological Indicators 2016, 69, 667 -676.

AMA Style

M.D. March, Luiza Toma, A.W. Stott, D.J. Roberts. Modelling phosphorus efficiency within diverse dairy farming systems − pollutant and non-renewable resource? Ecological Indicators. 2016; 69 ():667-676.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M.D. March; Luiza Toma; A.W. Stott; D.J. Roberts. 2016. "Modelling phosphorus efficiency within diverse dairy farming systems − pollutant and non-renewable resource?" Ecological Indicators 69, no. : 667-676.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2016 in Journal of Rural Studies
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In this paper we broaden the debate on agri-environmental scheme participation to include farm woodland expansion and renewable energy production, developing a conceptualisation of ‘agri-environmental diversification’. Utilising structural equation modelling, we assess a telephone survey of 2416 Scottish farmers, undertaken in 2013. Findings demonstrate the path dependencies of farming participants, with those already engaged in each of these activities the most likely to plan to be involved in future. Similar factors have influenced the uptake of all three activities since 2005, and intention to increase involvement by 2020. Farmers who are: younger, better educated, information-seeking, certified as organic, receive subsidies, have non-farming income and plan to continue farming in the medium term, are more likely to plan for future engagement in the three activities. Environmental attitudes are also important, but a stronger relationship was found between observation of environmental gains from agri-environmental schemes and the three forms of agri-environmental diversification, suggesting that scheme involvement enables farmers to learn to produce, recognise and value environmental goods. We argue that when assessed within the broader perspective of agri-environmental diversification, agri-environmental scheme participation may represent an initial step on a farming trajectory that involves multiple forms of agri-environmental engagement

ACS Style

Lee-Ann Sutherland; Luiza Toma; Andrew Barnes; Keith B. Matthews; Jon Hopkins. Agri-environmental diversification: Linking environmental, forestry and renewable energy engagement on Scottish farms. Journal of Rural Studies 2016, 47, 10 -20.

AMA Style

Lee-Ann Sutherland, Luiza Toma, Andrew Barnes, Keith B. Matthews, Jon Hopkins. Agri-environmental diversification: Linking environmental, forestry and renewable energy engagement on Scottish farms. Journal of Rural Studies. 2016; 47 ():10-20.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lee-Ann Sutherland; Luiza Toma; Andrew Barnes; Keith B. Matthews; Jon Hopkins. 2016. "Agri-environmental diversification: Linking environmental, forestry and renewable energy engagement on Scottish farms." Journal of Rural Studies 47, no. : 10-20.

Preprint
Published: 01 January 2016
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Dairy is a key investment sector for the Government of Malawi. The strategies proposed to develop the sector have been three: (1) reinforcement of the formal supply chain (i.e., farmers delivering milk to milk bulking groups and these to processors, who pasteurise it and transformed into a number of dairy products); (2) generation of mini dairies (i.e., micro-processing of milk delivered to a milk bulking group); (3) selling directly raw milk to consumers. The purpose of this paper is to explore the aforementioned strategies in terms of the sector economic growth and food security. To study them a spatial multimarket model was constructed for the Malawian dairy sector, which considers milk production in the three regions (North, Central and South), the different processors, consumers and the interaction with the informal market. The results from the simulation indicate that strategies (1) and (3) have more possibilities in terms outcomes than strategy (2). The paper also explores potential roles for the Government and donors.

ACS Style

César Revoredo-Giha; Luiza Toma. Assessing the development strategies for the Malawian dairy sector: A spatial multimarket model. 2016, 1 .

AMA Style

César Revoredo-Giha, Luiza Toma. Assessing the development strategies for the Malawian dairy sector: A spatial multimarket model. . 2016; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

César Revoredo-Giha; Luiza Toma. 2016. "Assessing the development strategies for the Malawian dairy sector: A spatial multimarket model." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2016 in Land Use Policy
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Reform of the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) contributes to uncertainty in farm planning and a number of studies have examined farmer intentions to possible future support scenarios. This paper extends this literature by examining the effect of past reform on influencing farmer intentions towards the most recent reform of the CAP. Agricultural production-related intentions up to 2020 are assessed for a survey of 1764 livestock based holdings in Scotland. The influence of the Fischler reform is estimated, in addition to a hypothetical payment increase and a payment decrease scenario for the new reforms. The majority of farmers stated a desire to remain on the same trajectory under both business as usual and payment increase scenarios. Under a payment decrease scenario, the number of farmers stating they would exit the industry more than doubled from 4% to 9% and around half the respondents stated they would decrease both herd size and intensity if payments were to decrease. Consequently, this may be some evidence of a loss aversion effect. Response to past reform was found to be a significant predictor of intention to change as well as the identification of a successor within the farm household. This alludes to the path dependency model of transition within agriculture and these factors as possible triggers of change within the farm. We propose that future studies of farmer intentions should include some of these temporally distinct variables to explain change.

ACS Style

Andrew Barnes; Lee-Ann Sutherland; Luiza Toma; Keith Matthews; Steven Thomson. The effect of the Common Agricultural Policy reforms on intentions towards food production: Evidence from livestock farmers. Land Use Policy 2016, 50, 548 -558.

AMA Style

Andrew Barnes, Lee-Ann Sutherland, Luiza Toma, Keith Matthews, Steven Thomson. The effect of the Common Agricultural Policy reforms on intentions towards food production: Evidence from livestock farmers. Land Use Policy. 2016; 50 ():548-558.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrew Barnes; Lee-Ann Sutherland; Luiza Toma; Keith Matthews; Steven Thomson. 2016. "The effect of the Common Agricultural Policy reforms on intentions towards food production: Evidence from livestock farmers." Land Use Policy 50, no. : 548-558.

Journal article
Published: 27 February 2015 in The Journal of Agricultural Science
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SUMMARYThe incursion of Bluetongue disease into the UK and elsewhere in Northern Europe in 2008 raised concerns about maintaining an appropriate level of preparedness for the encroachment of exotic diseases as circumstances and risks change. Consequently the Scottish government commissioned the present study to inform policy on the specific threat of Bluetongue virus 8 (BTV8) incursion into Scotland. An interdisciplinary expert panel, including BTV and midge experts, agreed a range of feasible BTV incursion scenarios, patterns of disease spread and specific control strategies. The study was primarily desk-based, applying quantitative methodologies with existing models, where possible, and utilizing data already held by different members of the project team. The most likely distribution of the disease was explored given Scotland's agricultural systems, unique landscape and climate. Epidemiological and economic models are integrated in an ex-ante cost-benefit appraisal of successful prevention of hypothetical BTV8 incursion into Scotland under various feasible incursion scenarios identified by the interdisciplinary panel. The costs of current public and private surveillance efforts are compared to the benefits of the avoided losses of potential disease outbreaks. These avoided losses included the direct costs of alternative vaccination, protection zone (PZ) strategies and their influence on other costs arising from an outbreak as predicted by the epidemiological model. Benefit-cost ratios were ranked within each incursion scenario to evaluate alternative strategies. In all incursion scenarios, the ranking indicated that a strategy, including 100% vaccination within a PZ set at Scottish counties along the England–Scotland border yielded the least benefit in terms of the extent of avoided outbreak losses (per unit cost). The economically optimal vaccination strategy was the scenario that employed 50% vaccination and all Scotland as a PZ. The results provide an indicator of how resources can best be targeted for an efficient ex-ante control strategy.

ACS Style

A. Fofana; L. Toma; D. Moran; G. J. Gunn; Simon Gubbins; C. Szmaragd; A. W. Stott. An ex-ante economic appraisal of Bluetongue virus incursions and control strategies. The Journal of Agricultural Science 2015, 154, 118 -135.

AMA Style

A. Fofana, L. Toma, D. Moran, G. J. Gunn, Simon Gubbins, C. Szmaragd, A. W. Stott. An ex-ante economic appraisal of Bluetongue virus incursions and control strategies. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 2015; 154 (1):118-135.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Fofana; L. Toma; D. Moran; G. J. Gunn; Simon Gubbins; C. Szmaragd; A. W. Stott. 2015. "An ex-ante economic appraisal of Bluetongue virus incursions and control strategies." The Journal of Agricultural Science 154, no. 1: 118-135.

Journal article
Published: 27 November 2014 in Epidemiology and Infection
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SUMMARYStructural equation modelling and survey data were used to test determinants' influence on farmers' intentions towards Escherichia coli O157 on-farm control. Results suggest that farmers more likely to show willingness to spend money/time or vaccinate to control Escherichia coli O157 are those: who think farmers are most responsible for control; whose income depends more on opening farms to the public; with stronger disease control attitudes; affected by outbreaks; with better knowledge and more informed; with stronger perceptions of biosecurity measures’ practicality; using a health plan; who think farmers are the main beneficiaries of control; and whose farms are dairy rather than beef. The findings might suggest that farmers may implement on-farm controls for E. coli O157 if they identify a clear hazard and if there is greater knowledge of the safety and efficacy of the proposed controls.

ACS Style

Luiza Toma; J. C. Low; B. Vosough Ahmadi; Louise Matthews; A. W. Stott. An analysis of cattle farmers' perceptions of drivers and barriers to on-farm control of Escherichia coli O157. Epidemiology and Infection 2014, 143, 2355 -2366.

AMA Style

Luiza Toma, J. C. Low, B. Vosough Ahmadi, Louise Matthews, A. W. Stott. An analysis of cattle farmers' perceptions of drivers and barriers to on-farm control of Escherichia coli O157. Epidemiology and Infection. 2014; 143 (11):2355-2366.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luiza Toma; J. C. Low; B. Vosough Ahmadi; Louise Matthews; A. W. Stott. 2014. "An analysis of cattle farmers' perceptions of drivers and barriers to on-farm control of Escherichia coli O157." Epidemiology and Infection 143, no. 11: 2355-2366.

Preprint
Published: 01 January 2014
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The paper analyses the impact that European Union citizens’ access to information on climate change has on their awareness of carbon capture and storage (CCS), perceived risks and benefits of using CCS and stated choice of preferred CCS options. We use Eurobarometer data about awareness/acceptance of CCS and run structural equation models for twelve EU countries with an average sample size of 1100 observations per country. Results between the different countries are comparable and, alongside other determinants, access to information sources significantly impacts CCS awareness, perceived risks and benefits of CCS and preferences towards options of CCS.

ACS Style

Luiza Toma; Andrew Peter Barnes; César Revoredo-Giha; Viktoria Tsitsoni; Klaus Glenk. Preferences towards CO2 capture and storage in the European Union: a structural equation modelling analysis. 2014, 1 .

AMA Style

Luiza Toma, Andrew Peter Barnes, César Revoredo-Giha, Viktoria Tsitsoni, Klaus Glenk. Preferences towards CO2 capture and storage in the European Union: a structural equation modelling analysis. . 2014; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luiza Toma; Andrew Peter Barnes; César Revoredo-Giha; Viktoria Tsitsoni; Klaus Glenk. 2014. "Preferences towards CO2 capture and storage in the European Union: a structural equation modelling analysis." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2014 in Procedia Economics and Finance
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The paper analyses the impact that European Union citizens’ access to information on climate change has on their awareness of carbon capture and storage (CCS), perceived risks and benefits of using CCS and stated choice of preferred CCS options. We use a Eurobarometer dataset about awareness/acceptance of CCS and run structural equation models (SEM) for twelve EU countries with an average sample size of 1,100 observations per country. Results between the different countries are comparable and, alongside other determinants, access to information sources will significantly impact CCS awareness, perceived risk and benefits of CCS and preferences towards options of CCS

ACS Style

Luiza Toma; Andrew Barnes; Cesar Revoredo-Giha; Viktoria Tsitsoni; Klaus Glenk. A Behavioural Economics Analysis of the Impact of Information and Knowledge on CO2 Capture and Storage Acceptance in the European Union. Procedia Economics and Finance 2014, 14, 605 -614.

AMA Style

Luiza Toma, Andrew Barnes, Cesar Revoredo-Giha, Viktoria Tsitsoni, Klaus Glenk. A Behavioural Economics Analysis of the Impact of Information and Knowledge on CO2 Capture and Storage Acceptance in the European Union. Procedia Economics and Finance. 2014; 14 ():605-614.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luiza Toma; Andrew Barnes; Cesar Revoredo-Giha; Viktoria Tsitsoni; Klaus Glenk. 2014. "A Behavioural Economics Analysis of the Impact of Information and Knowledge on CO2 Capture and Storage Acceptance in the European Union." Procedia Economics and Finance 14, no. : 605-614.