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The Faculty for the Future grant program seeks to positively impact gender balance in science disciplines by reinforcing the presence and qualifications of women university teachers in developing and emerging economies. It firmly believes that better gender balance at the faculty level will encourage more women to study STEM disciplines.
Schlumberger Foundation in Netherlands
The Fulbright Program is one of several United States Cultural Exchange Programs with the goal to improve intercultural relations, cultural diplomacy, and intercultural competence between the people of the United States and other countries through the exchange of persons, knowledge, and skills. It is competitively-selected American citizens including students, scholars, teachers, professionals, scientists and artists may receive scholarships or grants to study in the USA.
US Embassy Fulbright Program and e Institute of International Education
The Margaret McNamara Educational Grants (MMEG) provides grants to women from developing countries to help further their education and strengthen their leadership skills to improve the lives of women and children in developing countries. About $15,000 Education grants are awarded to women from developing and middle-income countries who, upon obtainment of their degree, intend to return to or remain in their countries, or other developing countries, and work to improve the lives of women.
Margaret McNamara Memorial Fund
Ensuring a sustainable urban water supply for developing/low-income countries requires an understanding of the factors affecting water consumption and technical evidence of individual consumption which can be used to design an improved water demand projection. This paper compared dry and rainy season water sources available for consumption and the end-use volume by each person in the different income groups. The study used a questionnaire survey to gather household data for a total of 398 households, which was analysed to develop the relationship between per capita water consumption characteristics: Socio-economic status, demographics, water use behaviour around indoor and outdoor water use activities. In the per capita water consumption patterns of Freetown, a seasonal variation was found: In the rainy season, per capita water consumption was found to be about 7% higher than the consumption for the full sample, whilst in the dry season, per capita water consumption was almost 14% lower than the full survey. The statistical analysis of the data shows that the average per capita water consumption for both households increases with income for informal slum-, low-, middle- and high-income households without piped connection (73, 78, 94 and 112 L/capita/day) and with connection (91, 97, 113 and 133 L/capita/day), respectively. The collected data have been used to develop 20 statistical models using the multiple linear stepwise regression method for selecting the best predictor variable from the data set. It can be seen from the values that the strongest significant relationships of per capita consumption are with the number of occupants (R = −0.728) in the household and time spent to fetch water for use (R = −0.711). Furthermore, the results reveal that the highest fraction of end use is showering (18%), then bathing (16%), followed by toilet use (14%). This is not in agreement with many developing countries where toilet use represents the largest component of indoor end use.
Salmatta Ibrahim A; Fayyaz Memon; David Butler. Seasonal Variation of Rainy and Dry Season Per Capita Water Consumption in Freetown City Sierra Leone. Water 2021, 13, 499 .
AMA StyleSalmatta Ibrahim A, Fayyaz Memon, David Butler. Seasonal Variation of Rainy and Dry Season Per Capita Water Consumption in Freetown City Sierra Leone. Water. 2021; 13 (4):499.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSalmatta Ibrahim A; Fayyaz Memon; David Butler. 2021. "Seasonal Variation of Rainy and Dry Season Per Capita Water Consumption in Freetown City Sierra Leone." Water 13, no. 4: 499.