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Higher education institutions (HEIs) are the key to the economic and social development of a country. However, the recent advancements of higher education institutions’ universities in China have become a pivotal factor contributing to their swift growth. Considering the impact of the external environment, applying a three-stage data-envelopment analysis (DEA) and the Malmquist index method, we evaluated the static and dynamic efficiency of input–output data of scientific research produced by universities directly under the Ministry of Education in the period of 2010 to 2017. Results showed that the three stage DEA model is more accurate than the traditional DEA method for measuring the efficiency of scientific research input and universities’ output. The overall efficiency of universities’ scientific research activities increased at an average annual rate of 3.7% from 2010 to 2017. Further analysis showed that the optimization of the scale was the primary internal factor able to promote the efficiency of scientific research in universities. Technological progress slightly diminishes the efficiency of scientific research in universities, which should, therefore, take measures to improve pure technical efficiency to enlarge the scale of their scientific research according to the characteristics of scientific research efficiency. Such steps will strengthen internal motivation towards scientific research efficiency in universities.
Wuzhao Xue; Hua Li; Rizwan Ali; Ramiz Rehman; Gonzalo Fernández-Sánchez. Assessing the Static and Dynamic Efficiency of Scientific Research of HEIs China: Three Stage DEA–Malmquist Index Approach. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8207 .
AMA StyleWuzhao Xue, Hua Li, Rizwan Ali, Ramiz Rehman, Gonzalo Fernández-Sánchez. Assessing the Static and Dynamic Efficiency of Scientific Research of HEIs China: Three Stage DEA–Malmquist Index Approach. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (15):8207.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWuzhao Xue; Hua Li; Rizwan Ali; Ramiz Rehman; Gonzalo Fernández-Sánchez. 2021. "Assessing the Static and Dynamic Efficiency of Scientific Research of HEIs China: Three Stage DEA–Malmquist Index Approach." Sustainability 13, no. 15: 8207.
This study investigates the integration of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) equity indices with conventional indices in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) individually and across all BRICS countries to better understand regional economic cooperation. Accordingly, we look at daily returns from 13 July 2013 to 28 February 2018 for the Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) ESG indices and MSCI composite indices of the respective countries. To analyze the integration between the ESG equity indices of the sampled countries with their regional and across regional conventional counterparts, the Johansen Co-integration test is employed in this study. Further, the vector error correction model (VECM) is applied to test the causality between the sampled time-series. The impulse response function analysis further explains the impulse responses of each country’s MSCI ESG returns to one standard deviation of innovations to MSCI composite returns of the same country and across countries. Finally, the extent of the MSCI composite returns’ impact on the MSCI ESG returns in the same country indices, and cross-regional indices is examined with variance decomposition analysis. The results suggest that all ESG equity indices are integrated with conventional indices in all BRICS countries. Furthermore, there is a short-or long-run causality between MSCI ESG and MSCI composite equity indices of China and South Africa. Moreover, the study finds only short-run causality between conventional and non-conventional equity indices of Brazil and Russia, whereas we find only long-run causality between India’s non-conventional and conventional equity indices. Finally, the study finds that the all-individual country MSCI ESG equity indices shows a long-run causality with MSCI composite equity indices of all other BRICS countries. The findings also confirm the economic and financial cooperation between the BRICS countries.
Ramiz Rehman; Muhammad Abidin; Rizwan Ali; Safwan Nor; Muhammad Naseem; Mudassar Hasan; Muhammad Ahmad. The Integration of Conventional Equity Indices with Environmental, Social, and Governance Indices: Evidence from Emerging Economies. Sustainability 2021, 13, 676 .
AMA StyleRamiz Rehman, Muhammad Abidin, Rizwan Ali, Safwan Nor, Muhammad Naseem, Mudassar Hasan, Muhammad Ahmad. The Integration of Conventional Equity Indices with Environmental, Social, and Governance Indices: Evidence from Emerging Economies. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (2):676.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRamiz Rehman; Muhammad Abidin; Rizwan Ali; Safwan Nor; Muhammad Naseem; Mudassar Hasan; Muhammad Ahmad. 2021. "The Integration of Conventional Equity Indices with Environmental, Social, and Governance Indices: Evidence from Emerging Economies." Sustainability 13, no. 2: 676.
This study investigates the relationship between environmental management practices (EMPs) and financial performance (FP) and consequently ascertains whether environmental performance (EP) can mediate the EMPs–FP nexus. Distinctly using data envelopment analysis and generalised method of moments techniques to analyse a comprehensive dataset of Nikkei 225 listed firms from 2007 to 2018 (1920 firm‐year observations), our findings first suggest that EMPs have a positive effect on FP. Second, the desired EP can be achieved through the adoption of comprehensive EMPs. Third, improved EP has a substantial impact on shaping the EMPs' effect on FP. These findings are consistent with the predictions of resource‐based view and institutional theories. The results are robust to controlling for different types of alternative measures and endogeneities. The findings have important implications for academics, investors, managers, policymakers and regulators.
Shoaib Aslam; Mohamed H. Elmagrhi; Ramiz Ur Rehman; Collins G. Ntim. Environmental management practices and financial performance using data envelopment analysis in Japan: The mediating role of environmental performance. Business Strategy and the Environment 2020, 30, 1655 -1673.
AMA StyleShoaib Aslam, Mohamed H. Elmagrhi, Ramiz Ur Rehman, Collins G. Ntim. Environmental management practices and financial performance using data envelopment analysis in Japan: The mediating role of environmental performance. Business Strategy and the Environment. 2020; 30 (4):1655-1673.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShoaib Aslam; Mohamed H. Elmagrhi; Ramiz Ur Rehman; Collins G. Ntim. 2020. "Environmental management practices and financial performance using data envelopment analysis in Japan: The mediating role of environmental performance." Business Strategy and the Environment 30, no. 4: 1655-1673.
In this study, we examine an empirical relationship between stock market volatility with the exchange rate and gold prices of an emerging market, “Pakistan”, employing daily and monthly data (PSX-100 Index) covering from 2001: Q3 to 2018: Q2. The study explains the average stock returns by applying MGARCH. Further, it investigates that the volatility in the exchange rate (Rs/US $) and gold prices remain equally strong in bearish and bullish conditions of the stock market by using a quantile regression approach (2001–2018). Additionally, the sample period is divided into two split samples that cover (2001–2007) and (2008–2018) respectively, based on global financial crises and applied similar analysis. The overall results show the negative impact of the exchange rate and gold price volatility on the stock market performance daily (monthly), supporting the argument that the stock market considers the exchange rate and gold price fluctuations as an adverse indicator and reacts negatively.
Rizwan Ali; Inayat Ullah Mangla; Ramiz Ur Rehman; Wuzhao Xue; Muhammad Akram Naseem; Muhammad Ishfaq Ahmad. Exchange Rate, Gold Price, and Stock Market Nexus: A Quantile Regression Approach. Risks 2020, 8, 86 .
AMA StyleRizwan Ali, Inayat Ullah Mangla, Ramiz Ur Rehman, Wuzhao Xue, Muhammad Akram Naseem, Muhammad Ishfaq Ahmad. Exchange Rate, Gold Price, and Stock Market Nexus: A Quantile Regression Approach. Risks. 2020; 8 (3):86.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRizwan Ali; Inayat Ullah Mangla; Ramiz Ur Rehman; Wuzhao Xue; Muhammad Akram Naseem; Muhammad Ishfaq Ahmad. 2020. "Exchange Rate, Gold Price, and Stock Market Nexus: A Quantile Regression Approach." Risks 8, no. 3: 86.
Financial performance is an indicator of the financial stability and the health of a firm. It is a measure of how well a firm uses its assets to generate revenues, a firm’s credibility, and its ability to pay off debts. To study the theoretical development, empirical examinations, and growing trend of financial performance research, this study reviewed the financial performance literature based on 875 journal articles sourced from the Web of Science, ACM, and Scopus databases from 2005 to 2019. To carry out the review, we applied Cite Space and Ucinet software for visualization and social network analysis, statistical analysis, co-occurrence analysis, and other research methods. We obtained a panoramic depiction of the posts, authors, journals, and keywords, and also reviewed financial performance using the field of knowledge maps. Accordingly, this study highlighted the recent and future research trends, and found that corporate social responsibility, and the green and sustainable corporate environment are potential research areas. These findings, through the combination of bibliometric methods and a systematic review, provide a better understanding of the development of corporate financial performance for both researchers and practitioners.
Wuzhao Xue; Hua Li; Rizwan Ali; Ramiz Ur Rehman. Knowledge Mapping of Corporate Financial Performance Research: A Visual Analysis Using Cite Space and Ucinet. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3554 .
AMA StyleWuzhao Xue, Hua Li, Rizwan Ali, Ramiz Ur Rehman. Knowledge Mapping of Corporate Financial Performance Research: A Visual Analysis Using Cite Space and Ucinet. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (9):3554.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWuzhao Xue; Hua Li; Rizwan Ali; Ramiz Ur Rehman. 2020. "Knowledge Mapping of Corporate Financial Performance Research: A Visual Analysis Using Cite Space and Ucinet." Sustainability 12, no. 9: 3554.
We examine the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure and firm value in China. Using a sample of listed companies on the Shanghai Stock Exchange from 2008 to 2012, we find that market value of a firm is higher when a company makes a lower level of CSR disclosure. Other things being equal, this relationship becomes positive when the CSR disclosure is moderated with the institutional ownership. With regard to the CSR disclosure, we found consistent results with respect to the little evidence that the amount of CSR disclosure is significantly associated with market value among those companies who chose to provide CSR disclosures. Taken together, these results indicate that the decision to disclose or not to disclose CSR information is value relevant to the level of institutional investors. These findings are important as they have made an attempt to resolve the earlier contradictory findings with respect to the relationship between market value and CSR disclosure. Furthermore, it has highlighted the value relevance of CSR disclosure regarding the type of shareholders/institutional investors.
Ramiz Ur Rehman; Zahid Riaz; Charles Cullinan; Junrui Zhang; FangHua Wang. Institutional Ownership and Value Relevance of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure: Empirical Evidence from China. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2311 .
AMA StyleRamiz Ur Rehman, Zahid Riaz, Charles Cullinan, Junrui Zhang, FangHua Wang. Institutional Ownership and Value Relevance of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure: Empirical Evidence from China. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (6):2311.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRamiz Ur Rehman; Zahid Riaz; Charles Cullinan; Junrui Zhang; FangHua Wang. 2020. "Institutional Ownership and Value Relevance of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure: Empirical Evidence from China." Sustainability 12, no. 6: 2311.
This study investigates how Chinese banking sector reforms have affected the relationship between banking performance and bank board structure. The study analyzes data from listed commercial Chinese banks between 2000 and 2013, and banking efficiency scores are estimated using the stochastic frontier approach (SFA) and data envelopment analysis (DEA). The impact of board structure and structural reforms on banking efficiency is further analyzed using panel data regression. We find that board independence has a negative influence on banking efficiency, but it becomes positive when the banks are listed on the stock market. This finding confirms the soft-budget constraint theory, which holds that large banks are less efficient than smaller ones as the former can more easily obtain financial support during times of distress. Further, the listing of state-owned banks positively moderates the relationship between board independence and banking efficiency. The study contributes to the literature on banking reforms, board structure, and banking efficiency. It confirms the theoretical basis for Chinese banking reforms and that banking efficiency has improved since the ownership restructuring.
Ramiz Ur Rehman; Junrui Zhang; Muhammad Akram Naseem; Muhammad Ishfaq Ahmed; Rizwan Ali. Board independence and Chinese banking efficiency: a moderating role of ownership restructuring. Eurasian Business Review 2020, 1 -20.
AMA StyleRamiz Ur Rehman, Junrui Zhang, Muhammad Akram Naseem, Muhammad Ishfaq Ahmed, Rizwan Ali. Board independence and Chinese banking efficiency: a moderating role of ownership restructuring. Eurasian Business Review. 2020; ():1-20.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRamiz Ur Rehman; Junrui Zhang; Muhammad Akram Naseem; Muhammad Ishfaq Ahmed; Rizwan Ali. 2020. "Board independence and Chinese banking efficiency: a moderating role of ownership restructuring." Eurasian Business Review , no. : 1-20.
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically capture the impact of a chief executive officer’s (CEO) personal and organizational characteristics on firm performance in the context of a developing country and to explore whether capital structure mediates the relationship between CEO characteristics and firm performance. Design/methodology/approach In order to test the hypothesized model, CEO duality, tenure and personal characteristics (age, gender and education) were taken as explanatory variables to study their impact on firm performance. Data were collected from 179 Pakistani companies from 2009–2015. The collected data were processed via panel data regression analysis under fixed effect assumptions. Findings Results show that CEO duality has a negative impact on firm performance and that a CEO with a dual role is more inclined toward debt financing. Moreover, a CEO with a longer tenure tends to be opportunistic and prioritize his/her personal interest while making strategic financial decisions, thus creating agency costs for the firm. Furthermore, CEO characteristics like age, gender and education have significant effects on firm financial decisions and firm performance. Finally, the debt and equity ratio partially mediates the link between CEO characteristics and firm performance. Research limitations/implications The findings of this study have limited generalizability due to the specific nature of the sample characteristics. Originality/value To the best of the authors knowledge, this study is the first to explore the impact of CEO characteristics on capital structure and firm performance. This work is also the first to explore the mediating role of capital structure in the relationship between CEO characteristics and firm performance by using Pakistani data.
Muhammad Akram Naseem; Jun Lin; Ramiz Ur Rehman; Muhammad Ishfaq Ahmad; Rizwan Ali. Does capital structure mediate the link between CEO characteristics and firm performance? Management Decision 2020, 58, 164 -181.
AMA StyleMuhammad Akram Naseem, Jun Lin, Ramiz Ur Rehman, Muhammad Ishfaq Ahmad, Rizwan Ali. Does capital structure mediate the link between CEO characteristics and firm performance? Management Decision. 2020; 58 (1):164-181.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Akram Naseem; Jun Lin; Ramiz Ur Rehman; Muhammad Ishfaq Ahmad; Rizwan Ali. 2020. "Does capital structure mediate the link between CEO characteristics and firm performance?" Management Decision 58, no. 1: 164-181.
This study investigates the link between corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure for multi-stakeholders and financial performance of a firm through accounting-based activities for CSR. A dataset of Chinese non-financial firms listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange from 2008 to 2012 is taken from the China Stock Market & Accounting Research database. The study compares different financial ratios of CSR disclosure and non-disclosure firms. Moreover, the financial ratios of CSR disclosure firms also compare with the industry averages. The results suggest that the financial of CSR disclosure firms are better than both CSR non-disclosure firms and industry averages. These financial ratios ensure the claim of a firm that they are socially responsible toward multi-stakeholders. Further, the same financial ratios are used as moderator variables between CSR disclosure for multi-stakeholders (independent variable) and firm financial performance (dependent variable). The relationship between CSR disclosure and firm value is moderated by the financial ratios. The moderation effect of financial ratios is rarely used in the literature of CSR disclosure and firm value.
Muhammad Akram Naseem; Jun Lin; Ramiz Ur Rehman; Muhammad Ishfaq Ahmad; Rizwan Ali. Moderating role of financial ratios in corporate social responsibility disclosure and firm value. PLOS ONE 2019, 14, e0215430 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Akram Naseem, Jun Lin, Ramiz Ur Rehman, Muhammad Ishfaq Ahmad, Rizwan Ali. Moderating role of financial ratios in corporate social responsibility disclosure and firm value. PLOS ONE. 2019; 14 (4):e0215430.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Akram Naseem; Jun Lin; Ramiz Ur Rehman; Muhammad Ishfaq Ahmad; Rizwan Ali. 2019. "Moderating role of financial ratios in corporate social responsibility disclosure and firm value." PLOS ONE 14, no. 4: e0215430.
In the last two decades, scholars have proposed that implementing democratic practices and ideas in organizations results in significant improvements in employees' attitude and behavior. Using two widely advocated and debated dimensions of organizational democracy (empowerment and communication), the present study provides empirical evidence of this mentioned relationship between organizational democracy and employee outcomes (commitment, citizenship behavior, and turnover intentions) under mediating role of organizational justice. Based on the data of 262 employees working in fan manufacturing companies, structural equation modeling was employed to estimate the results. Results suggest that bringing democratization at workplace enhance employee commitment and citizenship behavior and reduce intentions to leave the organization. Furthermore, the study also supports organizational justice as a mediator, suggesting that the relationship between organizational democracy and employee outcomes becomes more strengthened once justice is introduced. The study provides empirical evidence to ideas and prepositions of many organizational democracy researchers working for decades.
Kaleem Ahmed; Ahmad Adeel; Rizwan Ali; Ramiz Ur Rehman. Organizational democracy and employee outcomes: The mediating role of organizational justice. BUSINESS STRATEGY & DEVELOPMENT 2019, 2, 204 -219.
AMA StyleKaleem Ahmed, Ahmad Adeel, Rizwan Ali, Ramiz Ur Rehman. Organizational democracy and employee outcomes: The mediating role of organizational justice. BUSINESS STRATEGY & DEVELOPMENT. 2019; 2 (3):204-219.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKaleem Ahmed; Ahmad Adeel; Rizwan Ali; Ramiz Ur Rehman. 2019. "Organizational democracy and employee outcomes: The mediating role of organizational justice." BUSINESS STRATEGY & DEVELOPMENT 2, no. 3: 204-219.
Muhammad Ishfaq Ahmad; Muhammad Abubakr Naeem; Mudasar Hasan; Muhammad Arif; Ramiz Ur Rehman. CSR and financial performance: Evidence from Pakistani Banks. SMART Journal of Business Management Studies 2019, 15, 7 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Ishfaq Ahmad, Muhammad Abubakr Naeem, Mudasar Hasan, Muhammad Arif, Ramiz Ur Rehman. CSR and financial performance: Evidence from Pakistani Banks. SMART Journal of Business Management Studies. 2019; 15 (2):7.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Ishfaq Ahmad; Muhammad Abubakr Naeem; Mudasar Hasan; Muhammad Arif; Ramiz Ur Rehman. 2019. "CSR and financial performance: Evidence from Pakistani Banks." SMART Journal of Business Management Studies 15, no. 2: 7.
This study explores the influence of migration on human development and remittances which eventually leads to international migration. In order to achieve this objective data were collected from 2000 to 2014 for remittances, human development, migration, political openness, population, political stability, corruption, trade and foreign direct investment for SAARC countries. Results of the study revealed that migration, trade, population, political openness, and corruption were significant and have an impact on human development and remittances. The inclusive outcome of this study by testing penal techniques: majority panel statistics reject the null hypothesis. We may conclude that migration is co-integrated with human development and remittances. The rationale of this study is supportive of policymakers, investors, traders, and economic researchers.
Farzana Kausar; Saima Sarwar; Muhammad Yasir Rafiq; Rizwan Ali; Ramiz Ur Rehman. Integrating migration, human development and remittances: an analysis of SAARC countries. International Journal of Happiness and Development 2019, 5, 115 .
AMA StyleFarzana Kausar, Saima Sarwar, Muhammad Yasir Rafiq, Rizwan Ali, Ramiz Ur Rehman. Integrating migration, human development and remittances: an analysis of SAARC countries. International Journal of Happiness and Development. 2019; 5 (2):115.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFarzana Kausar; Saima Sarwar; Muhammad Yasir Rafiq; Rizwan Ali; Ramiz Ur Rehman. 2019. "Integrating migration, human development and remittances: an analysis of SAARC countries." International Journal of Happiness and Development 5, no. 2: 115.
The volatility spillover is defined as the transmission of instability from market to market. It occurs when volatility price change in one market cause a lagged impact on volatility price in another market that are above the local effects of market. In this study the GARCH models is used to examine the possibility of volatility transmission between the KSE100 index (Pakistan) and S&P500 index (USA). In other words, to examine the volatility in one market will influence the other and vice versa. The EGARCH model is also applied and it is observed that our attempt to analyze symmetry and persistence in the KSE100 index and S&P500 index volatility, there is clear evidence that shocks to KSE100 index and S&P500 index volatility have asymmetric and persistent effect. It is observed form the study that the shocks to the stock returns in one market do not transmit to the other; in other words, there appears to be no spill-over effect between the two stock markets.
Mudassar Hasan; Muhammad Ishfaq Ahmad; Muhammad Abubakr Naeem; Muhammad Akram Naseem; Ramiz Ur Rehman. To Examine the Spillover effect between the KSE100 and S&P500 Index. Universidad & Empresa 2018, 21, 175 -195.
AMA StyleMudassar Hasan, Muhammad Ishfaq Ahmad, Muhammad Abubakr Naeem, Muhammad Akram Naseem, Ramiz Ur Rehman. To Examine the Spillover effect between the KSE100 and S&P500 Index. Universidad & Empresa. 2018; 21 (36):175-195.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMudassar Hasan; Muhammad Ishfaq Ahmad; Muhammad Abubakr Naeem; Muhammad Akram Naseem; Ramiz Ur Rehman. 2018. "To Examine the Spillover effect between the KSE100 and S&P500 Index." Universidad & Empresa 21, no. 36: 175-195.
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to highlight the characteristic role of specialized markets and traders in the internationalization of emerging economies by examining the linkages between supply chain management (SCM) and industrial clustering in China. Design/methodology/approach Multi-method approach was employed as primary data were collected from a case study of Shaoxing textile cluster, and was supplemented with secondary data to triangulate the findings. The proposition that competitive advantages of industrial clusters facilitate effective SCM was explored. Findings The authors reveal that China’s cost advantage is manifested in the entire value chain. The provision of business friendly amenities as a result of synergetic benefits of vertical and horizontal integration of supply clusters promotes competitiveness of SMEs and region as a whole. Moreover, specialized markets and international traders found to play significant role in sustainable cluster development. Research limitations/implications As with fieldwork and case studies, generalization should be drawn with care. Systematic synthesis of relevant case studies is recommended. Practical implications The study endorses the construction of local supply chains and suggests implementation of cluster strategy by focusing on environment-specific execution of triple helix model. Originality/value The article elaborates the linkages between cluster theory and SCM both within cluster and between interspersed clusters. It also explains how specialized markets and global players are enabling concentrated supply networks. The paper recommends extension of “Triple helix + 1 model” by making local community part of the underlying framework.
Amir Ikram; Qin Su; Muhammad Fiaz; Ramiz Ur Rehman. Cluster strategy and supply chain management. Benchmarking: An International Journal 2018, 25, 1302 -1318.
AMA StyleAmir Ikram, Qin Su, Muhammad Fiaz, Ramiz Ur Rehman. Cluster strategy and supply chain management. Benchmarking: An International Journal. 2018; 25 (5):1302-1318.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmir Ikram; Qin Su; Muhammad Fiaz; Ramiz Ur Rehman. 2018. "Cluster strategy and supply chain management." Benchmarking: An International Journal 25, no. 5: 1302-1318.
Muhammad Ishfaq Ahmed; Wang Ghohui; Mudassar Hasan; Anika Sattar; Munib Ahmed; Ramiz Ur Rehman. Performance of Moving Average Investment Timing Strategy in UK Stock Market: Individual Stocks versus Portfolios. Journal of Economic and Social Studies 2018, 7, 1 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Ishfaq Ahmed, Wang Ghohui, Mudassar Hasan, Anika Sattar, Munib Ahmed, Ramiz Ur Rehman. Performance of Moving Average Investment Timing Strategy in UK Stock Market: Individual Stocks versus Portfolios. Journal of Economic and Social Studies. 2018; 7 (2):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Ishfaq Ahmed; Wang Ghohui; Mudassar Hasan; Anika Sattar; Munib Ahmed; Ramiz Ur Rehman. 2018. "Performance of Moving Average Investment Timing Strategy in UK Stock Market: Individual Stocks versus Portfolios." Journal of Economic and Social Studies 7, no. 2: 1.
Contemporary urbanization appears as a conundrum especially in developing nations. This study will act as an accelerator to spill out snags caused by urbanization with a new approach in the development of sustainable infrastructure through Public–Private Partnerships (3Ps). This study first explains the complications generated by rapid urbanization in different infrastructural sectors in South Asian mega cities like Dhaka and Lahore. Second, the findings of the study elaborate on a new mechanism to adapt to Sustainable Development Goal 11 declared by the United Nations with the engagement of different stake holders working in different silos through 3Ps (like BOT, BOOT, BLT, DBF, PFI etc.). This study uses case studies as part of the research mixed methodology. Studies on Dhaka and Lahore including multi projects through 3Ps, and a detailed questionnaire survey based on critical risk factors from the Meta review of 3P literature are presented to establish the current status of sustainable development goals. This paper primarily contributes in two ways. First, by providing a new direction to policy makers to devise policies using a twofold approach i.e., grasp urbanization with sustainable infrastructure delivery by sustainable enactment of 3P projects. Second, bridge the knowledge gap by identifying the risk factors in the sustainable establishment of 3P projects in developing nations.
Bilal Anwar; Zhongdong Xiao; Sharmin Akter; Ramiz-Ur Rehman. Sustainable Urbanization and Development Goals Strategy through Public–Private Partnerships in a South-Asian Metropolis. Sustainability 2017, 9, 1940 .
AMA StyleBilal Anwar, Zhongdong Xiao, Sharmin Akter, Ramiz-Ur Rehman. Sustainable Urbanization and Development Goals Strategy through Public–Private Partnerships in a South-Asian Metropolis. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (11):1940.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBilal Anwar; Zhongdong Xiao; Sharmin Akter; Ramiz-Ur Rehman. 2017. "Sustainable Urbanization and Development Goals Strategy through Public–Private Partnerships in a South-Asian Metropolis." Sustainability 9, no. 11: 1940.
The purpose of this study is to explore the link between corporate governance characteristics and corporate social responsibility disclosure of listed companies in the Pakistan stock Exchange (PSX), Pakistan. A sample of 179 companies from financial and non-financial sectors are studied from 2009 to 2015. The data is collected from their annual reports and websites. Binary logistic regression analysis is employed to test the models. The results reveal that board size, number of meetings and board independence are significant corporate governance characteristics to establish the link with corporate social responsibility disclosure. This study also explore that the trend of CSR disclosure is increasing in financial as well as non-financial sector. Additionally, the companies disclose their CSR activities lead in financial performance as compare to their counterpart. This study adds in the literature to explore the influence of board characteristics on corporate social responsibility disclosure from a developing country’s perspective.
Ramiz Ur Rehman; Amir Ikram; Fizzah Malik. Impact Of Board Characteristics On Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure. Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 2017, 33, 799 .
AMA StyleRamiz Ur Rehman, Amir Ikram, Fizzah Malik. Impact Of Board Characteristics On Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure. Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR). 2017; 33 (4):799.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRamiz Ur Rehman; Amir Ikram; Fizzah Malik. 2017. "Impact Of Board Characteristics On Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 33, no. 4: 799.
This article examines the risk and return profiles of stock indices composed of companies meeting environmental, social and governance (ESG) screening criteria [such as the Dow Jones Sustainability Indices (DJSI)] and conventional composite indices of eight Asian countries from 2002 to 2014. The results indicate that there are no significant differences in the returns or risk-adjusted returns between the ESG indices and the composite indices within countries. The results do reveal that the market volatility of the ESG indices is higher than the market volatility of the conventional indices. Market betas of DJSI and ESG equity indices are significantly lower than betas of the composite equity indices. The overall results indicate that the performance of ESG equity indices of many Asian countries is similar to the performance of conventional indices, suggesting that investors can pursue socially responsible investing objectives without a material difference in portfolio performance from conventional investing.
Ramiz Ur Rehman; Junrui Zhang; Jamshed Uppal; Charles Cullinan; Muhammad Akram Naseem. Are environmental social governance equity indices a better choice for investors? An Asian perspective. Business Ethics: A European Review 2016, 25, 440 -459.
AMA StyleRamiz Ur Rehman, Junrui Zhang, Jamshed Uppal, Charles Cullinan, Muhammad Akram Naseem. Are environmental social governance equity indices a better choice for investors? An Asian perspective. Business Ethics: A European Review. 2016; 25 (4):440-459.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRamiz Ur Rehman; Junrui Zhang; Jamshed Uppal; Charles Cullinan; Muhammad Akram Naseem. 2016. "Are environmental social governance equity indices a better choice for investors? An Asian perspective." Business Ethics: A European Review 25, no. 4: 440-459.
Steel and its production has now become an important ingredient for the economy of emerging countries. In this process, it is also very important to develop sophisticated forecast techniques for steel production in order to determine the real growth rate of an economy. Especially in South Asia where steel and its production, is one of the largest segment of the economy. Majority population of this region has associated directly or indirectly with steel industry. Inspite the importance of steel for this region, no conclusive research work has done related to this issue. This study investigates the forecasts of steel production in Pakistan for the first time, which is an important emerging economy of the South Asian region. Prediction is an important topic in finance and economics which has spurred the interest of researchers over the years to develop better predictive models. The auto regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models have been explored in literature for time series prediction. This paper presents extensive process of building stock price predictive model using the ARIMA model.This paper forecasts steel production by using different time series ARIMA models. A data set of steel production of Pakistan from 1972 -2010 is used for the analysis. Different diagnostic tests are applied in order to check the adequacy of the fitted models. The results show that ARIMA (1,1,4) is suitable model for prediction of steel production in this case. It is concluded that model- 3 of this study is the best model to forecast the production of steel in Pakistan. After checking all the test it is come to know that the data is stationary at first difference and AR(1), MA(1), MA(2), MA(3) and MA(4) with first order is suitable for forecasting the production of steel. The forecasted values obtained from model- 3 are closer to the actual values as compared to the other model. The forecasted value of 2014 show that the production of steel in that particular year appeared to be least as compared to the production during the last five years. These results suggest that the policy makers and planning division of the country must give attention toward this matter and try to find out the reasons of low productivity of steel in the country. It is also an opportunity for the policy makers to develop policies which may help the steel production in future.
Amir Ikram; Qin Su; Muhammad Yasir Rafiq; Ramiz- Ur- Rehman. Time series modelling for steel production. The Journal of Developing Areas 2016, 50, 191 -207.
AMA StyleAmir Ikram, Qin Su, Muhammad Yasir Rafiq, Ramiz- Ur- Rehman. Time series modelling for steel production. The Journal of Developing Areas. 2016; 50 (3):191-207.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmir Ikram; Qin Su; Muhammad Yasir Rafiq; Ramiz- Ur- Rehman. 2016. "Time series modelling for steel production." The Journal of Developing Areas 50, no. 3: 191-207.
This paper analyses the trend of non-performing loans over the last one decade in the banking sector of Pakistan. This study also examines the factors which influences on NPLs. Using data from 1998-2009, this paper argues strongly that democratic political system of a country has positive influence on the non-performing loans. It also finds statistical evidence that board size have positive association with non-performing loans while board independence and ownership concentration have negative association with non-performing loans regardless the bank type.
Ramiz Ur Rehman; Junrui Zhang; Muhammad Ishfaq Ahmad. Political system of a country and its non-performing loans: a case of emerging markets. International Journal of Business Performance Management 2016, 17, 241 .
AMA StyleRamiz Ur Rehman, Junrui Zhang, Muhammad Ishfaq Ahmad. Political system of a country and its non-performing loans: a case of emerging markets. International Journal of Business Performance Management. 2016; 17 (3):241.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRamiz Ur Rehman; Junrui Zhang; Muhammad Ishfaq Ahmad. 2016. "Political system of a country and its non-performing loans: a case of emerging markets." International Journal of Business Performance Management 17, no. 3: 241.