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This chapter analyzes the main international wine organization—the International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV)—versus the main wine plurilateral agreement, the World Wine Trade Group (WWTG). Although the OIV is the oldest, biggest, and most influential organization in the world of wine, it is useful to analyze it in the face of the WWTG, as they represent a different way to design regulation and international policies. Even if both aim to facilitate trade and exchanges, one does so through harmonization and the other, the less ambitious, through the goal of mutual recognition of standards. There are no formal relations between WWTG and OIV, although many WWTG participants participate in the OIV. They don’t compete but its philosophy is very different. Through a detailed analysis, this section highlights the different philosophies and goals of action between the two.
Raúl Compés López. International Wine Organizations and Plurilateral Agreements: Harmonization Versus Mutual Recognition of Standards. The Palgrave Handbook of Wine Industry Economics 2019, 253 -264.
AMA StyleRaúl Compés López. International Wine Organizations and Plurilateral Agreements: Harmonization Versus Mutual Recognition of Standards. The Palgrave Handbook of Wine Industry Economics. 2019; ():253-264.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaúl Compés López. 2019. "International Wine Organizations and Plurilateral Agreements: Harmonization Versus Mutual Recognition of Standards." The Palgrave Handbook of Wine Industry Economics , no. : 253-264.
The agrifood sector belongs to traditional industries often supported by the national governments. The quality of the output is directly related to human health and, therefore, several initiatives within the EU have been introduced. These initiatives support the consciousness of the broad public, including the individual agrifood businesses. Besides the marketing standards, geographical indications and organic farming, there are also national and private certification schemes. All these tendencies aim to promote the socio-ethical principles of the business to support the non-monetary issues related to the agrifood sector. This paper provides a closer exploration of the socio-ethical aspects of companies in the Spanish agrifood sector. Any awareness of these principles in the daily business routine can be considered as a potential competitive advantage for an individual company. The objective of the paper is to examine whether there are significant differences among individual sub-industries within the Spanish agrifood sector in terms of social and ethical aspects. A sample of 66,047 different agrifood companies in the year 2012 was examined. Results of empirical tests prove that there are significant differences between the agricultural producers, manufacturers, wholesalers, and retailers.
Kamila Nováková; Raúl Compés López; José María García Álvarez-Coque. Ethical certification in the Spanish agrifood industry: An alternative paradigm? Society and Economy 2016, 38, 399 -411.
AMA StyleKamila Nováková, Raúl Compés López, José María García Álvarez-Coque. Ethical certification in the Spanish agrifood industry: An alternative paradigm? Society and Economy. 2016; 38 (3):399-411.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKamila Nováková; Raúl Compés López; José María García Álvarez-Coque. 2016. "Ethical certification in the Spanish agrifood industry: An alternative paradigm?" Society and Economy 38, no. 3: 399-411.
European consumers are demanding more trust attributes for the safety of products and the origins or methods of the food production chain. The supply of these attributes in the optimal quantity makes it necessary and very often the participation of a third party: the government if there are externalities derived from consumption and production of these attributes, i.e. through obligatory standards, or an independent entity to certify the fulfilment of a voluntary standard. In the vegetable sector, in general, and in the fresh tomato production, in particular, the number of these obligatory norms and voluntary standards has raised considerably in the last few years. This proliferation has created a problem of information and knowledge for consumers and producers, who need to know the differences in order to decide what to do. By comparing the main voluntary standards, we see that the greatest coincidences are established in the food security chapter. Therefore, there are more demanding standards due to a greater number of fixed requirements and a higher exigency level. EUREPGAP and AENOR are the more complete standards. The first has the advantage of reducing the transaction costs between the promoting supermarkets and their vegetable suppliers and, at the same time, is becoming a barrier for selling to them.
Raúl Compés López. Atributos de confianza, normas y certificación. Comparación de estándares para hortalizas. Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales 2011, 2, 115 .
AMA StyleRaúl Compés López. Atributos de confianza, normas y certificación. Comparación de estándares para hortalizas. Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales. 2011; 2 (1):115.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaúl Compés López. 2011. "Atributos de confianza, normas y certificación. Comparación de estándares para hortalizas." Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales 2, no. 1: 115.