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Dr. Claudia Radel
Utah State University, Department of Environment and Society

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0 Latin America
0 migration
0 food insecurity
0 smallholder farmers

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Journal article
Published: 01 September 2020 in Ecosystem Services
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Studies of Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) have focused on the theory, design, and impact of programs while paying less attention to program implementation. We surveyed 18 administrators from 39 active PES programs across the Tropical Andes about their views on program design and implementation. We found that (1) all programs have both ecological and social goals, (2) few programs pay cash, (3) most programs’ primary source of financial support are international organizations, (4) barriers to participation are perceived as behavioral more than economic, and (5) conditionality exists on paper in all programs but is seldom enforced. To explore the “why” behind these findings, we conducted follow-up key-informant interviews with administrators of Watershared, one of the largest in-kind conservation incentives programs in the region. Watershared’s characteristics – dual goals, in-kind transfers, a focus on non-economic motivations, and compliance enforcement – are fundamental to its theory of change and sustainability. Together, these survey and interview results show how PES has been adapted and reinvented to fit different philosophies, institutions, and cultures across the Tropical Andes. Our work highlights the importance of collaboration between academics and PES practitioners for addressing the disparities between academically promoted design principles and on-the-ground implementation.

ACS Style

Jonathan Bauchet; Nigel Asquith; Zhao Ma; Claudia Radel; Ricardo Godoy; Laura Zanotti; Diana Steele; Benjamin M. Gramig; Andrea Estrella Chong. The practice of Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) in the Tropical Andes: Evidence from program administrators. Ecosystem Services 2020, 45, 101175 .

AMA Style

Jonathan Bauchet, Nigel Asquith, Zhao Ma, Claudia Radel, Ricardo Godoy, Laura Zanotti, Diana Steele, Benjamin M. Gramig, Andrea Estrella Chong. The practice of Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) in the Tropical Andes: Evidence from program administrators. Ecosystem Services. 2020; 45 ():101175.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jonathan Bauchet; Nigel Asquith; Zhao Ma; Claudia Radel; Ricardo Godoy; Laura Zanotti; Diana Steele; Benjamin M. Gramig; Andrea Estrella Chong. 2020. "The practice of Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) in the Tropical Andes: Evidence from program administrators." Ecosystem Services 45, no. : 101175.

Journal article
Published: 07 July 2020 in Sustainability
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In this article, we address the interaction of the Iranian State, an agent of power, with affected village residents, as four dam projects are planned and implemented. Dams, recently positioned as a green energy source, are a central component to Iran’s national development strategies; yet historically their construction has been a source of significant conflict and resistance around the world. We focus on ten villages facing displacement or partial loss of lands at the time of the research, and we answer the question: During dam building and resettlement processes, how have residents experienced their role in decision making and the exercise of state power over them? Through a lens of political ecology, we engage with Lukes’ theory of power to interpret data from 18 focus group discussions and 20 in-depth interviews with residents, as well as from 10 interviews with local and state authorities. This case study illustrates how, from the perspectives of residents of rural communities, the Iranian State applies its power over them through multiple, simultaneous means. Coercion, non-decision making, and the withholding of information emerge from analysis as the primary successful mechanisms, while discursive consent-production emerges as largely unsuccessful. We demonstrate how lack of data or other information provision for natural resource development projects can be an important lever the state uses to exercise power, especially when combined with non-decision making. Although all Lukes’ dimensions of power apply to this case, non-decision making was most severe in its experienced effects, as residents suffered from uncertainty and an inability to move forward with individual plans. Our research provides insight into how conflicts over state-sponsored dam building can embody the contest between a sustainable development centered on justice/equity and one centered on economic growth.

ACS Style

Elham Hoominfar; Claudia Radel. Contested Dam Development in Iran: A Case Study of the Exercise of State Power over Local People. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5476 .

AMA Style

Elham Hoominfar, Claudia Radel. Contested Dam Development in Iran: A Case Study of the Exercise of State Power over Local People. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (13):5476.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elham Hoominfar; Claudia Radel. 2020. "Contested Dam Development in Iran: A Case Study of the Exercise of State Power over Local People." Sustainability 12, no. 13: 5476.

Article
Published: 15 July 2019 in Geography Compass
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Human migration plays a critical role in numerous contemporary environmental concerns including global climate change and environmental justice. This review characterizes the ways migration is critical to contemporary human–environment geography. We delineate four themes from the literature based on (a) how migration affects the environment; (b) how the environment and/or environmental events affect migration; (c) how migration produces uneven environmental benefits and burdens; and (d) how environmental displacement/dispossession produces migration and vice versa. We articulate five recommendations for a research agenda that integrates migration processes, recognizes migration as a heterogeneous process, and approaches human–environment interactions holistically and non‐deterministically.

ACS Style

Brad D. Jokisch; Claudia Radel; Lindsey Carte; Birgit Schmook. Migration matters: How migration is critical to contemporary human–environment geography. Geography Compass 2019, 13, 1 .

AMA Style

Brad D. Jokisch, Claudia Radel, Lindsey Carte, Birgit Schmook. Migration matters: How migration is critical to contemporary human–environment geography. Geography Compass. 2019; 13 (8):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Brad D. Jokisch; Claudia Radel; Lindsey Carte; Birgit Schmook. 2019. "Migration matters: How migration is critical to contemporary human–environment geography." Geography Compass 13, no. 8: 1.

Journal article
Published: 03 June 2019 in Land
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Smallholders worldwide continue to experience processes of displacement from their lands under neoliberal political-economic governance. This displacement is often experienced as “slow”, driven by decades of agricultural policies and land governance regimes that favor input-intensive agricultural and natural resource extraction and export projects at the expense of traditional agrarian practices, markets, and producers. Smallholders struggle to remain viable in the face of these forces, yet they often experience hunger. To persist on the land, often on small parcels, families supplement and finance farm production with family members engaging in labor migration, a form of displacement. Outcomes, however, are uneven and reflect differences in migration processes as well as national and local political economic processes around land. To demonstrate “slow displacement”, we assess the prolonged confluence of land access, hunger, and labor migration that undermine smallholder viability in two separate research sites in Nicaragua and Guatemala. We draw on evidence from in-depth interviews and focus groups carried out from 2013 to 2015, together with a survey of 317 households, to demonstrate how smallholders use international labor migration to address persistent hunger, with the two cases illuminating the centrality of underlying land distribution questions in labor migration from rural spaces of Central America. We argue that smallholder farming family migration has a dual nature: migration is at once evidence of displacement, as well as a strategy for families to prolong remaining on the land in order to produce food.

ACS Style

Lindsey Carte; Birgit Schmook; Claudia Radel; Richard Johnson. The Slow Displacement of Smallholder Farming Families: Land, Hunger, and Labor Migration in Nicaragua and Guatemala. Land 2019, 8, 89 .

AMA Style

Lindsey Carte, Birgit Schmook, Claudia Radel, Richard Johnson. The Slow Displacement of Smallholder Farming Families: Land, Hunger, and Labor Migration in Nicaragua and Guatemala. Land. 2019; 8 (6):89.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lindsey Carte; Birgit Schmook; Claudia Radel; Richard Johnson. 2019. "The Slow Displacement of Smallholder Farming Families: Land, Hunger, and Labor Migration in Nicaragua and Guatemala." Land 8, no. 6: 89.

Regular paper
Published: 07 December 2018 in The Geographical Journal
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Research on Central American migration has revealed the importance of journeys to the global North for rural sending communities. The outcomes of south–south journeys to nearby countries are less explored, although they are commonplace. We examine Nicaraguan rural residents’ migration to other Central American countries, especially El Salvador, to understand this migration's impacts on agricultural systems and food security. Based on mixed‐methods fieldwork in north‐western Nicaragua, we find that rather than produce remittance landscapes, or an abandonment of agriculture, south–south migration is linked to the maintenance of small‐scale agricultural systems and thus food production. “Subsistence migration,” or mobility to maintain small‐scale agriculture as a food security strategy, draws attention to how these less explored forms of migration in Central America help families to persist in agriculture in a context of worsening environmental and structural conditions.

ACS Style

Lindsey Carte; Claudia Radel; Birgit Schmook. Subsistence migration: Smallholder food security and the maintenance of agriculture through mobility in Nicaragua. The Geographical Journal 2018, 185, 180 -193.

AMA Style

Lindsey Carte, Claudia Radel, Birgit Schmook. Subsistence migration: Smallholder food security and the maintenance of agriculture through mobility in Nicaragua. The Geographical Journal. 2018; 185 (2):180-193.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lindsey Carte; Claudia Radel; Birgit Schmook. 2018. "Subsistence migration: Smallholder food security and the maintenance of agriculture through mobility in Nicaragua." The Geographical Journal 185, no. 2: 180-193.

Book chapter
Published: 02 November 2018 in Money from the Government in Latin America
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ACS Style

Birgit Schmook; Nora Haenn; Claudia Radel; Santana Navarro-Olmedo. Empowering women? Money from the Government in Latin America 2018, 97 -113.

AMA Style

Birgit Schmook, Nora Haenn, Claudia Radel, Santana Navarro-Olmedo. Empowering women? Money from the Government in Latin America. 2018; ():97-113.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Birgit Schmook; Nora Haenn; Claudia Radel; Santana Navarro-Olmedo. 2018. "Empowering women?" Money from the Government in Latin America , no. : 97-113.

Journal article
Published: 26 June 2018 in Land
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Maize is an important staple crop in Mexico, and the recent intensification of climate variability, in combination with non-climatic forces, has hindered increases in production, especially for smallholder farmers. This article demonstrates the influence of these drivers on maize production trends in the three states of the Yucatan Peninsula using a mixed methods approach of climatic analysis and semi-structured interviews. Climate trend analysis and generalized additive models (GAMs) demonstrate relationships between production and climatic variability, using 1980-2010 precipitation and temperature data. Data from forty interviews with government officials and representatives of farmers' associations (gathered in 2015 and 2016) highlight the influence of agricultural policy on maize production in the region. The climate trend analysis yielded mixed results, with a statistically significant negative rainfall trend for Quintana Roo and variability in maximum temperature changes across the region, with an increase in Yucatan State and Quintana Roo and a decrease in Campeche. Climate and production GAMs indicate a strong significant relationship between production and climate fluctuations for Campeche (79%) and Quintana Roo (72%) and a weaker significant relationship for the Yucatan State (31%). Informants identified precipitation variability and ineffective public policies for smallholder agricultural development as primary obstacles for maize production, including inadequate design of agricultural programs, inconsistent agricultural support, and ineffective farmers' organizations. Quantifying the influence of climate change on maize production, and the amplifying influence of national and regional agricultural policy for smallholder farmers, will inform more appropriate policy design and implementation.

ACS Style

Sofía Márdero; Birgit Schmook; Jorge Omar López-Martínez; Lizette Cicero; Claudia Radel; Zachary Christman. The Uneven Influence of Climate Trends and Agricultural Policies on Maize Production in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Land 2018, 7, 80 .

AMA Style

Sofía Márdero, Birgit Schmook, Jorge Omar López-Martínez, Lizette Cicero, Claudia Radel, Zachary Christman. The Uneven Influence of Climate Trends and Agricultural Policies on Maize Production in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Land. 2018; 7 (3):80.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sofía Márdero; Birgit Schmook; Jorge Omar López-Martínez; Lizette Cicero; Claudia Radel; Zachary Christman. 2018. "The Uneven Influence of Climate Trends and Agricultural Policies on Maize Production in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico." Land 7, no. 3: 80.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2017 in Women's Studies International Forum
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ACS Style

Purabi Bose; Anne M. Larson; Susana Lastarria-Cornhiel; Claudia Radel; Marianne Schmink; Birgit Schmook; Verónica Vázquez-García. Women's rights to land and communal forest tenure: A way forward for research and policy agenda in Latin America. Women's Studies International Forum 2017, 65, 53 -59.

AMA Style

Purabi Bose, Anne M. Larson, Susana Lastarria-Cornhiel, Claudia Radel, Marianne Schmink, Birgit Schmook, Verónica Vázquez-García. Women's rights to land and communal forest tenure: A way forward for research and policy agenda in Latin America. Women's Studies International Forum. 2017; 65 ():53-59.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Purabi Bose; Anne M. Larson; Susana Lastarria-Cornhiel; Claudia Radel; Marianne Schmink; Birgit Schmook; Verónica Vázquez-García. 2017. "Women's rights to land and communal forest tenure: A way forward for research and policy agenda in Latin America." Women's Studies International Forum 65, no. : 53-59.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2017 in World Development
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ACS Style

Zhao Ma; Jonathan Bauchet; Diana Steele; Ricardo Godoy; Claudia Radel; Laura Zanotti. Comparison of Direct Transfers for Human Capital Development and Environmental Conservation. World Development 2017, 99, 498 -517.

AMA Style

Zhao Ma, Jonathan Bauchet, Diana Steele, Ricardo Godoy, Claudia Radel, Laura Zanotti. Comparison of Direct Transfers for Human Capital Development and Environmental Conservation. World Development. 2017; 99 ():498-517.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhao Ma; Jonathan Bauchet; Diana Steele; Ricardo Godoy; Claudia Radel; Laura Zanotti. 2017. "Comparison of Direct Transfers for Human Capital Development and Environmental Conservation." World Development 99, no. : 498-517.

Editorial
Published: 25 October 2016 in Land
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Smallholders remain an important part of human-environment research, particularly in cultural and political ecology, peasant and development studies, and increasingly in land system and sustainability science. This introduction to the edited volume explores land use and livelihood issues among smallholders, in several disciplinary and subfield traditions. Specifically, we provide a short history of smallholder livelihood research in the human-environment tradition. We reflect on why, in an age of rapid globalization, smallholder land use and livelihoods still matter, both for land system science and as a reflection of concerns with inequality and poverty. Key themes that emerge from the papers in this volume include the importance of smallholder farming and land-use practices to questions of environmental sustainability, the dynamic reality of smallholder livelihoods, the challenges of vulnerability and adaptation in contemporary human-environment systems, and the structural and relative nature of the term “smallholder.” Overall these contributions show that smallholder studies are more pertinent than ever, especially in the face of global environmental change. Additionally, we argue that questions of smallholder identity, social difference, and teleconnections provide fertile areas of future research. We conclude that we need to re-envision who the smallholder is today and how this translates into modern human-environment smallholder studies.

ACS Style

Jacqueline M. Vadjunec; Claudia Radel; B. L. Turner Ii. Introduction: The Continued Importance of Smallholders Today. Land 2016, 5, 34 .

AMA Style

Jacqueline M. Vadjunec, Claudia Radel, B. L. Turner Ii. Introduction: The Continued Importance of Smallholders Today. Land. 2016; 5 (4):34.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jacqueline M. Vadjunec; Claudia Radel; B. L. Turner Ii. 2016. "Introduction: The Continued Importance of Smallholders Today." Land 5, no. 4: 34.

Journal article
Published: 18 July 2016 in Women's Studies International Forum
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We explore how Oportunidades, Mexico's anti-poverty conditional cash transfer (CCT) program, impacts production and gender dynamics in the smallholder agricultural sector. A 2010 household survey in one southeastern municipality (Calakmul) captured data on Oportunidades receipt, land use and yields, as well as gendered patterns of asset control, decision-making, labor, and income receipt. Our analysis suggests that households with Oportunidades are more likely to engage in semi-subsistence maize cultivation and on average harvest more maize. Thus Oportunidades appears to support semi-subsistence production. We also document persistent gender gaps in land control, decision-making, labor, and income receipt. Nonetheless, we find that households with Oportunidades have on average smaller gaps of particular kinds: women receiving Oportunidades are more likely to hold de jure land rights and to share in income receipt from four main crops. These effects of Oportunidades on gendered smallholder production dynamics are important ones in smallholder women's lives.

ACS Style

Claudia Radel; Birgit Schmook; Nora Haenn; Lisa Green. The gender dynamics of conditional cash transfers and smallholder farming in Calakmul, Mexico. Women's Studies International Forum 2016, 65, 17 -27.

AMA Style

Claudia Radel, Birgit Schmook, Nora Haenn, Lisa Green. The gender dynamics of conditional cash transfers and smallholder farming in Calakmul, Mexico. Women's Studies International Forum. 2016; 65 ():17-27.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Claudia Radel; Birgit Schmook; Nora Haenn; Lisa Green. 2016. "The gender dynamics of conditional cash transfers and smallholder farming in Calakmul, Mexico." Women's Studies International Forum 65, no. : 17-27.

Original article
Published: 08 January 2015 in Journal of Agrarian Change
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In this paper, we examine how Mexico's 1992 counter‐reforms reinforced social hierarchies between two ‘classes’ of residents within three ejidos in an agricultural frontier in Campeche. We carried out qualitative research with 94 ejidatarios, 92 pobladores and 13 government officials. Our research shows that the reforms cemented the second‐class status of pobladores, as their access to land, natural resources such as firewood and governmental subsidies is now even more contested. Ejidal residents have responded to these tensions by invoking various conceptions of citizenship to press for different forms of justice. Ejidatarios seek to enforce their legal prerogatives by advocating a tiered citizenship, inflected with aspects of ‘market citizenship’, in which pobladores have less access to resources and voice. Pobladores seek inclusion in the ejido via a cultural model of citizenship built around a ‘civil sociality’. Despite this generalization, both groups also selectively move between and combine these citizenship frameworks to advance their claims.

ACS Style

Santana Navarro-Olmedo; Nora Haenn; Birgit Schmook; Claudia Radel. The Legacy of Mexico's Agrarian Counter-Reforms: Reinforcing Social Hierarchies in Calakmul, Campeche. Journal of Agrarian Change 2015, 16, 145 -167.

AMA Style

Santana Navarro-Olmedo, Nora Haenn, Birgit Schmook, Claudia Radel. The Legacy of Mexico's Agrarian Counter-Reforms: Reinforcing Social Hierarchies in Calakmul, Campeche. Journal of Agrarian Change. 2015; 16 (1):145-167.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Santana Navarro-Olmedo; Nora Haenn; Birgit Schmook; Claudia Radel. 2015. "The Legacy of Mexico's Agrarian Counter-Reforms: Reinforcing Social Hierarchies in Calakmul, Campeche." Journal of Agrarian Change 16, no. 1: 145-167.

Articles
Published: 02 October 2014 in Applied Environmental Education & Communication
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We describe experience with a pilot week-long, No-Child-Left-Inside (NCLI), outdoor program implemented in Cache Valley, Utah, in 2012. Through response analysis of a “pre-then-post” children's survey and a parent-completed demographic survey, we assess program effectiveness in raising children's enthusiasm for nature-related behaviors and in reaching a target audience of all local families. The program reached many families with low participation in other conservation programs but failed to reach families from the growing Latino population. Participating children experienced increased excitement to spend more time outdoors exploring and learning, accomplishing NCLI goals of laying a groundwork for children's enhanced environmental literacy.

ACS Style

Jamie C. Brand; Claudia Radel; Roslynn Brain; Jack Greene. Developing, Implementing, and Evaluating a No-Child-Left-Inside Pilot Program. Applied Environmental Education & Communication 2014, 13, 261 -268.

AMA Style

Jamie C. Brand, Claudia Radel, Roslynn Brain, Jack Greene. Developing, Implementing, and Evaluating a No-Child-Left-Inside Pilot Program. Applied Environmental Education & Communication. 2014; 13 (4):261-268.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jamie C. Brand; Claudia Radel; Roslynn Brain; Jack Greene. 2014. "Developing, Implementing, and Evaluating a No-Child-Left-Inside Pilot Program." Applied Environmental Education & Communication 13, no. 4: 261-268.

Book chapter
Published: 20 August 2014 in Ester Boserup’s Legacy on Sustainability
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In this chapter, we present evidence of two gendered agricultural asset shifts associated with labour out-migration in the municipality of Calakmul, Campeche. The first is a shift in land rights from men to women (wives), which occurred as men’s labour out-migration, largely to the U.S., coincided with the process of land privatisation and the reform of the ejidal system in Mexico. Ejidos are collective land tenure institutions dating back to the Mexican Revolution and the redistribution of land in the previous century. The second is a more recent shift—one that entails the labour migration of younger single women (daughters) from ejidal villages to nearby cities, the generation of cash earnings, and the subsequent household acquisition of land and cattle back in their home villages. Although Mexico initiated a process of ejidal land parcelisation and privatisation in the mid-1990s (De Janvry and Sadoulet, Mexico’s second agrarian reform: Household and community responses, 1997), the ejido remains the most important institution of community organisation and smallholder land tenure in Calakmul (Haenn, Land Use Policy 23:136–146, 2006). Therefore, we focus on the ejidal sector to understand the dynamics of gendered changes in agricultural assets and labour out-migration for smallholder, semi-subsistence households in southeastern Mexico. Through two stories, we illustrate and assess the sudden and unexpected shifts that can occur in women’s productive asset control (in this case, land and cattle) with different patterns of gendered labour migration. In rural Calakmul, agricultural assets remain central to generating viable livelihoods in the area, even as smallholder agriculture wanes under difficult economic and environmental conditions.

ACS Style

Birgit Schmook; Claudia Radel; Ana Crisol Méndez-Medina. Labour Migration and Gendered Agricultural Asset Shifts in Southeastern Mexico: Two Stories of Farming Wives and Daughters. Ester Boserup’s Legacy on Sustainability 2014, 203 -219.

AMA Style

Birgit Schmook, Claudia Radel, Ana Crisol Méndez-Medina. Labour Migration and Gendered Agricultural Asset Shifts in Southeastern Mexico: Two Stories of Farming Wives and Daughters. Ester Boserup’s Legacy on Sustainability. 2014; ():203-219.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Birgit Schmook; Claudia Radel; Ana Crisol Méndez-Medina. 2014. "Labour Migration and Gendered Agricultural Asset Shifts in Southeastern Mexico: Two Stories of Farming Wives and Daughters." Ester Boserup’s Legacy on Sustainability , no. : 203-219.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2014 in Journal of Leisure Research
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Latinos are the largest U.S. non-mainstreamed ethnic group, and social and environmental justice considerations dictate recreation professionals and researchers meet their recreation needs. This study reconceptualizes this diverse group's recreation patterns, looking at where immigrant Latino individuals in Cache Valley, Utah do recreate rather than where they do not. Through qualitative interviews and interactive mapping, thirty participants discussed what recreation means to them and explained their recreation site choices. Findings suggest that recreation as an activity done outside the home, for fun with others, leads participants to seek spaces with certain characteristics. Reconceiving recreation more broadly and framing it from the perspective of participants' choices can facilitate clearer understanding of differences and promote greater justice in resource provision and management.

ACS Style

Jodie Madsen; Claudia Radel; Joanna Endter-Wada. Justice and Immigrant Latino Recreation Geography in Cache Valley, Utah. Journal of Leisure Research 2014, 46, 291 -312.

AMA Style

Jodie Madsen, Claudia Radel, Joanna Endter-Wada. Justice and Immigrant Latino Recreation Geography in Cache Valley, Utah. Journal of Leisure Research. 2014; 46 (3):291-312.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jodie Madsen; Claudia Radel; Joanna Endter-Wada. 2014. "Justice and Immigrant Latino Recreation Geography in Cache Valley, Utah." Journal of Leisure Research 46, no. 3: 291-312.

Journal article
Published: 08 April 2014 in Geography Compass
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ACS Style

Morey Burnham; Claudia Radel; Zhao Ma; Ann Laudati. Teaching and Learning Guide for: Extending a Geographic Lens towards Climate Justice. Geography Compass 2014, 8, 277 -285.

AMA Style

Morey Burnham, Claudia Radel, Zhao Ma, Ann Laudati. Teaching and Learning Guide for: Extending a Geographic Lens towards Climate Justice. Geography Compass. 2014; 8 (4):277-285.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Morey Burnham; Claudia Radel; Zhao Ma; Ann Laudati. 2014. "Teaching and Learning Guide for: Extending a Geographic Lens towards Climate Justice." Geography Compass 8, no. 4: 277-285.

Journal article
Published: 15 March 2013 in Geography Compass
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There has been a recent increase of interest within the academic literature on the justice issues posed by climate change and the human responses to its present and forecasted effects. In two parts (here and in a previous article), we review and synthesize the recent literature by asking what climate justice concerns have been identified within three related realms: (i) the characterization of climate change itself and the assignment of responsibility for that change; (ii) the differential or uneven impacts of climate change; and (iii) the actions taken to address the problems associated with climate change, including both mitigation and adaptation. Here in Part 2, we focus on the justice concerns of climate action, examining the scholarship on climate change mitigation mechanisms formulated at the international level (i.e., REDD+, CDM) and climate change adaptation projects and finance. We argue that geographers are well‐positioned to conduct (and already well engaged in) research on the local climate justice paradoxes emerging from the currently uncritical focus of climate action policy on justice at the level of the national state.

ACS Style

Morey Burnham; Claudia Radel; Zhao Ma; Ann Laudati. Extending a Geographic Lens Towards Climate Justice, Part 2: Climate Action. Geography Compass 2013, 7, 228 -238.

AMA Style

Morey Burnham, Claudia Radel, Zhao Ma, Ann Laudati. Extending a Geographic Lens Towards Climate Justice, Part 2: Climate Action. Geography Compass. 2013; 7 (3):228-238.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Morey Burnham; Claudia Radel; Zhao Ma; Ann Laudati. 2013. "Extending a Geographic Lens Towards Climate Justice, Part 2: Climate Action." Geography Compass 7, no. 3: 228-238.

Journal article
Published: 15 March 2013 in Geography Compass
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There has been a recent increase of interest within the academic literature on the justice issues posed by climate change and the human responses to its present and forecasted effects. This literature is partially shaped by debates from environmental justice scholarship, but also has roots in various subfields of geography. In two parts (here and in a subsequent article), we review and synthesize the recent literature by asking what climate justice concerns have been identified within three related realms: (i) the characterization of climate change itself and the assignment of responsibility for that change; (ii) the differential or uneven impacts of climate change; and (iii) the actions taken to address the problems associated with climate change, including mitigation and adaptation. Here, in Part 1, we provide a basic outline of justice concepts; we address the characterization of climate change and the associated discursive framings; and we discuss the uneven impacts of climate change with a focus on the conceptualization of vulnerability. We suggest that the field of geography has much to offer to the debate on climate justice because of its unique understandings of the human‐environment relationship based on a longstanding engagement with the spatiality and scale of environmental change, the corresponding human impacts, and the conceptual inseparability of nature and society. We identify, across Part 1 and Part 2, the need for a more comprehensive theory of justice to inform climate justice considerations – one that pays more attention to linked procedural, recognition, and scalar concerns.

ACS Style

Morey Burnham; Claudia Radel; Zhao Ma; Ann Laudati. Extending a Geographic Lens Towards Climate Justice, Part 1: Climate Change Characterization and Impacts. Geography Compass 2013, 7, 239 -248.

AMA Style

Morey Burnham, Claudia Radel, Zhao Ma, Ann Laudati. Extending a Geographic Lens Towards Climate Justice, Part 1: Climate Change Characterization and Impacts. Geography Compass. 2013; 7 (3):239-248.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Morey Burnham; Claudia Radel; Zhao Ma; Ann Laudati. 2013. "Extending a Geographic Lens Towards Climate Justice, Part 1: Climate Change Characterization and Impacts." Geography Compass 7, no. 3: 239-248.

Journal article
Published: 22 January 2013 in Human Ecology
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ACS Style

Birgit Schmook; Nathalie Van Vliet; Claudia Radel; María De Jesús Manzón-Che; Susannah McCandless. Persistence of Swidden Cultivation in the Face of Globalization: A Case Study from Communities in Calakmul, Mexico. Human Ecology 2013, 41, 93 -107.

AMA Style

Birgit Schmook, Nathalie Van Vliet, Claudia Radel, María De Jesús Manzón-Che, Susannah McCandless. Persistence of Swidden Cultivation in the Face of Globalization: A Case Study from Communities in Calakmul, Mexico. Human Ecology. 2013; 41 (1):93-107.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Birgit Schmook; Nathalie Van Vliet; Claudia Radel; María De Jesús Manzón-Che; Susannah McCandless. 2013. "Persistence of Swidden Cultivation in the Face of Globalization: A Case Study from Communities in Calakmul, Mexico." Human Ecology 41, no. 1: 93-107.

Articles
Published: 19 March 2012 in Mobilities
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Based on research conducted in a migrant-sending community in south-eastern Mexico, we find that male out-migration has forced women to take on labour tasks that are associated with new spatial and mobility patterns. While these patterns have potential for increased empowerment for women, they also call the women’s morality into question, resulting in a policing of the women’s behaviour, and a simultaneous restriction of their mobility, by themselves and others. Therefore, we find male labour out-migration has resulted in contradictory changes in women’s mobility, with ambiguous results for women’s gender empowerment.

ACS Style

Jamie McEvoy; Peggy Petrzelka; Claudia Radel; Birgit Schmook. Gendered Mobility and Morality in a South-Eastern Mexican Community: Impacts of Male Labour Migration on the Women Left Behind. Mobilities 2012, 7, 369 -388.

AMA Style

Jamie McEvoy, Peggy Petrzelka, Claudia Radel, Birgit Schmook. Gendered Mobility and Morality in a South-Eastern Mexican Community: Impacts of Male Labour Migration on the Women Left Behind. Mobilities. 2012; 7 (3):369-388.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jamie McEvoy; Peggy Petrzelka; Claudia Radel; Birgit Schmook. 2012. "Gendered Mobility and Morality in a South-Eastern Mexican Community: Impacts of Male Labour Migration on the Women Left Behind." Mobilities 7, no. 3: 369-388.