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Dr. Chulin Pan
College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University

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0 Agriculture
0 Agricultural & Rural Development
0 Agri-Business
0 Agricultural economic management

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Journal article
Published: 25 August 2021 in Sustainability
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Taking the conservation tillage influences of black soil in Northeast China as the research object, the paper is written according to the advice of relevant experts and technicians in Northeast China, the study also calculates the weight of each influencing factor through the Delphi and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Then, the significance of the factors affecting the benefit of conservation tillage is analyzed. The results show that, based on the comprehensive analysis, it is concluded that the economic factor is the primary factor affecting the benefit of black soil conservation tillage in Northeast China. Among the twelve influencing factors, eight of them have a significant impact on the development of conservation tillage benefits on black soil in Northeast China. Such as the degree of government subsidy; the adaptability of agricultural machinery; the input of new technology; relevant policies, laws and regulations; the quality of conservation tillage; the income of agricultural machinery farmers; practical application capacity; government publicity. Therefore, in the process of implementing the black soil conservation tillage, we should focus on these influencing factors, which will effectively promote the sustainable development of agriculture in Northeast China.

ACS Style

Yan Qu; Chulin Pan; Hongpeng Guo. Factors Affecting the Promotion of Conservation Tillage in Black Soil—The Case of Northeast China. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9563 .

AMA Style

Yan Qu, Chulin Pan, Hongpeng Guo. Factors Affecting the Promotion of Conservation Tillage in Black Soil—The Case of Northeast China. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (17):9563.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yan Qu; Chulin Pan; Hongpeng Guo. 2021. "Factors Affecting the Promotion of Conservation Tillage in Black Soil—The Case of Northeast China." Sustainability 13, no. 17: 9563.

Journal article
Published: 06 August 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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In the past 30 years, China’s industrialization level has developed rapidly, and agricultural green development (AGD) is facing severe challenges. The research on the temporal and spatial features of the coupling and coordination of industrialization and agricultural green development is a key issue to promote the sustainable development of agriculture. This paper takes China’s industrialization and AGD level as the research object, and uses panel data from 31 provinces in China from 1990 to 2019 to construct an evaluation index system for industrialization and AGD. This paper uses the coupling coordination degree model and spatial autocorrelation analysis method to calculate, test and analyze the temporal and spatial features of the coupling coordination level of industrialization and AGD. The results show that: this paper compares the industrialization and AGD levels during the study period and finds that China’s industrialization development level is on the rise as a whole, and the AGD level shows a downward trend first and then rises later. Through the horizontal comparison of different regions, this paper finds that there is a large regional imbalance in the level of industrialization and AGD. The coupling and coordination level of industrialization and AGD has always been primary. From the time point of view, coupling coordination degree shows a trend of first decline and then rise. From a spatial point of view, coupling coordination degree varies greatly among provinces, with the eastern, central and western regions decreasing successively. The level of coupling coordination has obvious positive autocorrelation in spatial distribution, and presents significant spatial agglomeration characteristics in space. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for regionally differentiated governance of the coordinated development of industrialization and AGD, and promote coordinated development.

ACS Style

Hongpeng Guo; Xin Yi; Chulin Pan; Baiming Yang; Yin Li. Analysis on the Temporal and Spatial Features of the Coupling and Coordination of Industrialization and Agricultural Green Development in China during 1990–2019. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 8320 .

AMA Style

Hongpeng Guo, Xin Yi, Chulin Pan, Baiming Yang, Yin Li. Analysis on the Temporal and Spatial Features of the Coupling and Coordination of Industrialization and Agricultural Green Development in China during 1990–2019. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (16):8320.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hongpeng Guo; Xin Yi; Chulin Pan; Baiming Yang; Yin Li. 2021. "Analysis on the Temporal and Spatial Features of the Coupling and Coordination of Industrialization and Agricultural Green Development in China during 1990–2019." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16: 8320.

Journal article
Published: 26 July 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Based on natural resource-based theory, this study constructed a relational model between green intellectual capital, green innovation, and an agricultural corporate sustainable competitive advantage. The samples included a total of 341 agricultural companies in China, and multiple regression methods are used for the analysis. The results showed that green product innovation and green process innovation had a mediation effect between green human capital, green structural capital, green relational capital, and the sustainable competitive advantage of agricultural corporate. Beyond the simple moderation effect, a new integrated moderated-mediation effect model was established. It was shown that environmental leadership, green organizational identification, and green dynamic capability had different moderated-mediation effects under different conditions. The study is expected to close the previous research gaps and insufficiency in agricultural corporate environmental management and green agricultural. The empirical results and conclusions bring enlightenment and meaningful theoretical guidance to managers, researchers, practitioners, and policy makers in the green and sustainable development of agricultural corporates. The new environmental management path can help agricultural corporates conduct green innovation effectively, adapt to the green agricultural products market, and achieve sustainable competitive advantage. Ultimately, this will help to accelerate the development of green agriculture.

ACS Style

Chulin Pan; Yufeng Jiang; Mingliang Wang; Shuang Xu; Ming Xu; Yixin Dong. How Can Agricultural Corporate Build Sustainable Competitive Advantage through Green Intellectual Capital? A New Environmental Management Approach to Green Agriculture. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 7900 .

AMA Style

Chulin Pan, Yufeng Jiang, Mingliang Wang, Shuang Xu, Ming Xu, Yixin Dong. How Can Agricultural Corporate Build Sustainable Competitive Advantage through Green Intellectual Capital? A New Environmental Management Approach to Green Agriculture. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (15):7900.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chulin Pan; Yufeng Jiang; Mingliang Wang; Shuang Xu; Ming Xu; Yixin Dong. 2021. "How Can Agricultural Corporate Build Sustainable Competitive Advantage through Green Intellectual Capital? A New Environmental Management Approach to Green Agriculture." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15: 7900.

Journal article
Published: 08 June 2021 in Sustainability
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This paper used the sectional data of Chinese counties to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of sustainable development of e-commerce for agricultural products in China at the county-level. The standard deviation ellipses and Moran’s index were used to research this subject. Then, by constructing spatial measurement models, the spatial spillover effects and influencing factors of the development of county-level agricultural products e-commerce were analyzed from economic development, economic structure, economic vitality, and agricultural development. The results show that: (1) the top 100 counties of agricultural products e-commerce mainly concentrate in southeastern China, spreading along the northeast and southwest; (2) the county-level agricultural products e-commerce shows significant negative spatial spillover effects; (3) the level of economic development and public services have a positive impact on the development of county-level agricultural products e-commerce, while the level of industrial development shows a negative correlation; (4) the level of agricultural development and industrial development have a significant negative external effect on the development of agricultural products e-commerce. This study is of great significance to promote the sustainable development of agricultural products e-commerce, the process of rural urbanization and the optimization of county industrial patterns.

ACS Style

Zhiheng Chen; Wen Shu; Hongpeng Guo; Chulin Pan. The Spatial Characteristics of Sustainable Development for Agricultural Products E-Commerce at County-Level: Based on the Empirical Analysis of China. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6557 .

AMA Style

Zhiheng Chen, Wen Shu, Hongpeng Guo, Chulin Pan. The Spatial Characteristics of Sustainable Development for Agricultural Products E-Commerce at County-Level: Based on the Empirical Analysis of China. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (12):6557.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhiheng Chen; Wen Shu; Hongpeng Guo; Chulin Pan. 2021. "The Spatial Characteristics of Sustainable Development for Agricultural Products E-Commerce at County-Level: Based on the Empirical Analysis of China." Sustainability 13, no. 12: 6557.

Journal article
Published: 03 June 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The substitution of chemical pesticides by biopesticides is crucial to ensure the quality of agricultural products and to foster environmental sustainability. This study takes the willingness and the behaviors of rice farmers on the application of biopesticides as the research object. The survey questionnaire was designed based on the theory of rational small-scale farmers from three aspects: “individual and family characteristics of farmers”, “cognition of farmers” and “external factors”. The survey was then conducted on 163 rice farmers in seven prefecture-level cities in Jilin Province of China. The logistic model was used to analyze the influencing factors resulting in the deviation of the behaviors of the rice farmers from their initial willingness on the application of biopesticides. The explanatory structure model (ISM) was used to analyze the logical hierarchical relationship among various influencing factors. The results show that: (1) For 45% of the farmers surveyed, there’s a deviation between their willingness and behaviors regarding the application of biopesticides; (2) Among the significant factors leading to the deviation between farmers’ willingness and behaviors concerning the application of biopesticides, the surface-level direct factor is biopesticide awareness. The mid-level indirect factors are agricultural product quality and safety awareness and the deep-level root cause is farmers’ education level. (3) The primary reason for the deviation of the farmers’ behaviors from their willingness is their lack of knowledge about biopesticides and the biopesticides’ incomplete market structure. Based on the comprehensive analysis, it is recommended to improve the professionalization of the farmers, to strengthen the publicity of green production and to accelerate the formulation of the biopesticides market to further promote the usage of biopesticides.

ACS Style

Hongpeng Guo; Fanhui Sun; Chulin Pan; Baiming Yang; Yin Li. The Deviation of the Behaviors of Rice Farmers from Their Stated Willingness to Apply Biopesticides—A Study Carried Out in Jilin Province of China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 6026 .

AMA Style

Hongpeng Guo, Fanhui Sun, Chulin Pan, Baiming Yang, Yin Li. The Deviation of the Behaviors of Rice Farmers from Their Stated Willingness to Apply Biopesticides—A Study Carried Out in Jilin Province of China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (11):6026.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hongpeng Guo; Fanhui Sun; Chulin Pan; Baiming Yang; Yin Li. 2021. "The Deviation of the Behaviors of Rice Farmers from Their Stated Willingness to Apply Biopesticides—A Study Carried Out in Jilin Province of China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11: 6026.

Journal article
Published: 22 April 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Reducing drought vulnerability is a basis to achieve sustainable development in agriculture. The study focuses on agricultural drought vulnerability in China by selecting 12 indicators from two aspects: drought sensitivity and resilience to drought. In this study, the degree of agricultural drought vulnerability in China has been evaluated by entropy weight method and weighted comprehensive scoring method. The influencing factors have also been analyzed by a contribution model. The results show that: (1) From 1978 to 2018, agricultural drought vulnerability showed a decreasing trend in China with more less vulnerable to mildly vulnerable cities, and less highly vulnerable cities. At the same time, there is a trend where highly vulnerable cities have been converted to mildly vulnerable cities, whereas mildly vulnerable cities have been converted to less vulnerable cities. (2) This paper analyzes the influencing factors of agricultural drought vulnerability by dividing China into six geographic regions. It reveals that the contribution rate of resilience index is over 50% in the central, southern, and eastern parts of China, where agricultural drought vulnerability is relatively low. However, the contribution rate of sensitivity is 75% in the Southwest and Northwest region, where the agricultural drought vulnerability is relatively high. Among influencing factors, the multiple-crop index, the proportion of the rural population and the forest coverage rate have higher contribution rate. This study carries reference significance for understanding the vulnerability of agricultural drought in China and it provides measures for drought prevention and mitigation.

ACS Style

Hongpeng Guo; Jia Chen; Chulin Pan. Assessment on Agricultural Drought Vulnerability and Spatial Heterogeneity Study in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 4449 .

AMA Style

Hongpeng Guo, Jia Chen, Chulin Pan. Assessment on Agricultural Drought Vulnerability and Spatial Heterogeneity Study in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (9):4449.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hongpeng Guo; Jia Chen; Chulin Pan. 2021. "Assessment on Agricultural Drought Vulnerability and Spatial Heterogeneity Study in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9: 4449.

Journal article
Published: 17 March 2021 in Sustainability
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This study focuses on the impact of population structure changes on carbon emissions in China from 1995 to 2018. This paper constructs the multiple regression model and uses the ridge regression to analyze the relationship between population structure changes and carbon emissions from four aspects: population size, population age structure, population consumption structure, and population employment structure. The results showed that these four variables all had a significant impact on carbon emissions in China. The ridge regression analysis confirmed that the population size, population age structure, and population employment structure promoted the increase in carbon emissions, and their contribution ratios were 3.316%, 2.468%, 1.280%, respectively. However, the influence of population consumption structure (−0.667%) on carbon emissions was negative. The results showed that the population size had the greatest impact on carbon emissions, which was the main driving factor of carbon emissions in China. Chinese population will bring huge pressure on the environment and resources in the future. Therefore, based on the comprehensive analysis, implementing the one-child policy will help slow down China’s population growth, control the number of populations, optimize the population structure, so as to reduce carbon emissions. In terms of employment structure and consumption structure, we should strengthen policy guidance and market incentives, raising people’s low-carbon awareness, optimizing energy-consumption structure, improving energy efficiency, so as to effectively control China’s carbon emissions.

ACS Style

Chulin Pan; Huayi Wang; Hongpeng Guo; Hong Pan. How Do the Population Structure Changes of China Affect Carbon Emissions? An Empirical Study Based on Ridge Regression Analysis. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3319 .

AMA Style

Chulin Pan, Huayi Wang, Hongpeng Guo, Hong Pan. How Do the Population Structure Changes of China Affect Carbon Emissions? An Empirical Study Based on Ridge Regression Analysis. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (6):3319.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chulin Pan; Huayi Wang; Hongpeng Guo; Hong Pan. 2021. "How Do the Population Structure Changes of China Affect Carbon Emissions? An Empirical Study Based on Ridge Regression Analysis." Sustainability 13, no. 6: 3319.

Journal article
Published: 26 February 2021 in Sustainability
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In recent years, the unsustainable behaviors of straw utilization have led to waste straw being one of the sources of agricultural non-point source pollution. Studying the resource utilization of crop straw is conducive to expediate the development of ecological and green agriculture. More importantly, it has long-term significance for the recycling of agricultural waste, improving the quality of rural life, and the employment of farmers. Based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), taking the representative survey questionnaire of farmers in Jilin Province, China as the sample, the structural equation model (SEM) was constructed to study the main factors that drive the utilization behaviors of straw resources of farmers and to explore the driving mechanism of the farmers behaviors in Jilin Province. The results show that the behavioral attitude and subjective norms of farmers in Jilin Province not only indirectly affect their actual behaviors through behavioral willingness, but also has significant direct effects on their behaviors. The most critical factors that affect the willingness of farmers to utilize the straw resources in Jilin Province are subjective norms and moral responsibilities. The subjective norms of farmers have a direct and significant positive impact on their willingness and behaviors. Behavioral attitude and perceived behavior control have a significant positive impact on their willingness. The behavioral willingness has a significant positive impact on their actual behaviors. This study provides guidance for the utilization of straw resources policy implications.

ACS Style

Hongpeng Guo; Shuang Xu; Xiaotong Wang; Wen Shu; Jia Chen; Chulin Pan; Cheng Guo. Driving Mechanism of Farmers’ Utilization Behaviors of Straw Resources—An Empirical Study in Jilin Province, the Main Grain Producing Region in the Northeast Part of China. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2506 .

AMA Style

Hongpeng Guo, Shuang Xu, Xiaotong Wang, Wen Shu, Jia Chen, Chulin Pan, Cheng Guo. Driving Mechanism of Farmers’ Utilization Behaviors of Straw Resources—An Empirical Study in Jilin Province, the Main Grain Producing Region in the Northeast Part of China. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2506.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hongpeng Guo; Shuang Xu; Xiaotong Wang; Wen Shu; Jia Chen; Chulin Pan; Cheng Guo. 2021. "Driving Mechanism of Farmers’ Utilization Behaviors of Straw Resources—An Empirical Study in Jilin Province, the Main Grain Producing Region in the Northeast Part of China." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2506.

Journal article
Published: 21 January 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Reducing agricultural carbon emissions (ACE) is a key point to achieve green and sustainable development in agriculture. Based on the ACE statistics of Jilin Province in China from 1998 to 2018, this article considers the sources of ACE in depth, and fourteen different carbon sources are selected to calculate ACE. Besides, the paper explores the variation characteristics of ACE in Jilin Province, their structure, and the relationship between the intensity and density of the dynamic changes in ACE in the province in terms of time. Finally, this paper uses the Kaya identity and logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) to analyze the influential factors in ACE. The results show the following: (1) During 1998–2018, the amount of ACE in Jilin Province increased, with an average annual growth rate of 1.13%. However, the chain growth rate has been negative in recent years, which reflects that carbon emission reduction has been achieved to a certain extent. (2) The characteristics of ACE in Jilin Province during the years is that of the low-intensity, high density category. Furthermore, agricultural resource input is the main source of the planting industry’s carbon emissions. From the perspective of animal husbandry, the proportion of CH4 decreased, while the proportion of N2O is relatively stable. (3) Based on the LMDI decomposition model, production efficiency, industrial structure, and labor are the three main factors that reduce ACE in Jilin Province. The economic level is the main factor of ACE, and it will be the most important factor leading to an increase in ACE in the short term. On the basis of comprehensive analysis, this article puts forward reasonable suggestions in terms of policy improvement, production mode and industrial structure adjustment, technological innovation, and talent introduction.

ACS Style

Hongpeng Guo; Boqun Fan; Chulin Pan. Study on Mechanisms Underlying Changes in Agricultural Carbon Emissions: A Case in Jilin Province, China, 1998–2018. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 919 .

AMA Style

Hongpeng Guo, Boqun Fan, Chulin Pan. Study on Mechanisms Underlying Changes in Agricultural Carbon Emissions: A Case in Jilin Province, China, 1998–2018. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (3):919.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hongpeng Guo; Boqun Fan; Chulin Pan. 2021. "Study on Mechanisms Underlying Changes in Agricultural Carbon Emissions: A Case in Jilin Province, China, 1998–2018." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3: 919.

Journal article
Published: 15 January 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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This paper focuses on the impact of changes in planting industry structure on carbon emissions. Based on the statistical data of the planting industry in three provinces in Northeast China from 1999 to 2018, the study calculated the carbon emissions, carbon absorptions and net carbon sinks of the planting industry by using crop parameter estimation and carbon emissions inventory estimation methods. In addition, the multiple linear regression model and panel data model were used to analyze and test the carbon emissions and net carbon sinks of the planting industry. The results show that: (1). The increase of the planting area of rice, corn, and peanuts in the three northeastern provinces of China will promote carbon emissions, while the increase of the planting area of wheat, sorghum, soybeans, and vegetables will reduce carbon emissions; (2). Fertilizer application, technological progress, and planting structure factors have a significant positive effect on net carbon sinks, among which the changes in the planting industry structure have the greatest impact on net carbon sinks. Based on the comprehensive analysis, it is suggested that, under the guidance of the government, resource endowment and location advantages should be given full play to, and the internal planting structure of crops should be reasonably adjusted so as to promote the development of low-carbon agriculture and accelerate the development process of agricultural modernization.

ACS Style

Hongpeng Guo; Sidong Xie; Chulin Pan. The Impact of Planting Industry Structural Changes on Carbon Emissions in the Three Northeast Provinces of China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 705 .

AMA Style

Hongpeng Guo, Sidong Xie, Chulin Pan. The Impact of Planting Industry Structural Changes on Carbon Emissions in the Three Northeast Provinces of China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (2):705.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hongpeng Guo; Sidong Xie; Chulin Pan. 2021. "The Impact of Planting Industry Structural Changes on Carbon Emissions in the Three Northeast Provinces of China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2: 705.

Journal article
Published: 07 November 2020 in Sustainability
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The article focuses on the spatial complexity of agricultural green development (AGD) in different regions. The article first constructs an evaluation index system for the level of AGD from four dimensions: Social development, economic benefits, resource input, and ecological environment. Then, the article uses an improved entropy weight method to evaluate the level of AGD with panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2007 to 2018. Finally, on the basis of Moran Index and the Spatial Durbin Model, the article analyzes the spatial heterogeneity of the factors that affect the green development of agriculture in China. The results show that: (1) From 2007 to 2018, the overall level of AGD shows a fluctuating upward trend in China, and there are differences among provinces. The level of AGD in the three major regions presents the characteristics of Eastern > Central > Western; (2) China’s provincial AGD level has an obvious positive autocorrelation in spatial distribution, showing significant spatial agglomeration characteristics in space; (3) the four factors of urbanization level, agricultural mechanization level, scientific and technological R&D investment, and arable area, have different effects on the level of AGD in three major regions. This study provides a reference for understanding the status of China’s agricultural green development level and policy recommendations on how to improve the level of agricultural green development. The results imply that some effective policy measures, such as prompting the integrated development of the three major industries and optimizing the industrial structure, should be taken to coordinate “green” with “development” from national and regional perspectives.

ACS Style

Hongpeng Guo; Shuang Xu; Chulin Pan. Measurement of the Spatial Complexity and Its Influencing Factors of Agricultural Green Development in China. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9259 .

AMA Style

Hongpeng Guo, Shuang Xu, Chulin Pan. Measurement of the Spatial Complexity and Its Influencing Factors of Agricultural Green Development in China. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):9259.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hongpeng Guo; Shuang Xu; Chulin Pan. 2020. "Measurement of the Spatial Complexity and Its Influencing Factors of Agricultural Green Development in China." Sustainability 12, no. 21: 9259.

Research article
Published: 27 April 2020 in Business Strategy and the Environment
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Based on the upper echelons theory, ecofeminist theory, and natural resource‐based theory (NRBV), this study has constructed a relational model between female executives' participation, unethical environmental behavior, proactive environmental strategy, and corporate sustainable competitive advantage. The samples include a total of 496 female executives from listed 524 companies in the manufacturing sector in China, and multiple regression methods are used for the analysis. The study showed that female executives' participation had double positive effects on corporate sustainable competitive advantage, which included both the inhibiting effect on unethical environmental behavior and the stimulating effect on proactive environmental strategies. The study also explored the boundary conditions of “conservative” and “proactive” behaviors from the internal and external perspectives of enterprises. But it was shown that the effect would not be further improved when both moderation effects of environmental stakeholder pressure and environmental leadership were higher at the same time. As enterprises' behaviors should match with their capability range, radical behaviors might run counter to their desires.

ACS Style

Chulin Pan; Hongpeng Guo; Yufeng Jiang; Hanying Wang; Weihong Qi. The double effects of female executives' participation on corporate sustainable competitive advantage through unethical environmental behavior and proactive environmental strategy. Business Strategy and the Environment 2020, 29, 2324 -2337.

AMA Style

Chulin Pan, Hongpeng Guo, Yufeng Jiang, Hanying Wang, Weihong Qi. The double effects of female executives' participation on corporate sustainable competitive advantage through unethical environmental behavior and proactive environmental strategy. Business Strategy and the Environment. 2020; 29 (6):2324-2337.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chulin Pan; Hongpeng Guo; Yufeng Jiang; Hanying Wang; Weihong Qi. 2020. "The double effects of female executives' participation on corporate sustainable competitive advantage through unethical environmental behavior and proactive environmental strategy." Business Strategy and the Environment 29, no. 6: 2324-2337.