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Dr. Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu
Neuropsychiatric Rehabilitation Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

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0 Information Processing
0 Major Depressive Disorder
0 Psychopathology
0 Event-related potential
0 Cognitive-energetical Linear Stage Model

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Information Processing
Major Depressive Disorder
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Choice Reaction Time Task

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Systematic review
Published: 24 June 2021 in Brain Sciences
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This systematic review and meta-analysis aggregated and examined the treatment effect of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) (transcranial direct current stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation) on cognitive functions in people with traumatic brain injury (TBI). A systematic search was conducted using databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, EMBASE) for studies with keywords related to non-randomized and randomized control trials of NIBS among people with TBI. Nine out of 1790 NIBS studies with 197 TBI participants (103 active vs. 94 sham) that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the present study were finally selected for meta-analysis using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (version 3). Results showed that the overall effect of NIBS on cognition in people with TBI was moderately significant (g = 0.304, 95% CI = 0.055 to 0.553) with very low heterogeneity across studies (I2 = 0.000, Tau = 0.000). Specifically, significant and marginally significant moderate effect sizes were found for cognitive sub-domains including attention, memory, and executive function. The present findings suggest that NIBS is moderately effective in improving cognitive functions among people with TBI. In particular, NIBS may be used as an alternative and/or an adjunct treatment to the traditional approach in rehabilitating cognitive functions in people with TBI.

ACS Style

Daniel Ahorsu; Emma Adjaottor; Bess Lam. Intervention Effect of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation on Cognitive Functions among People with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Brain Sciences 2021, 11, 840 .

AMA Style

Daniel Ahorsu, Emma Adjaottor, Bess Lam. Intervention Effect of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation on Cognitive Functions among People with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Brain Sciences. 2021; 11 (7):840.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel Ahorsu; Emma Adjaottor; Bess Lam. 2021. "Intervention Effect of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation on Cognitive Functions among People with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Brain Sciences 11, no. 7: 840.

Journal article
Published: 30 April 2021 in BMC Public Health
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Background The novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has seriously affected the lives of millions of people across the world. It has also heavily burdened healthcare professionals and the virus poses serious risks for their personal and professional lives. Therefore, the present study examined the associations between fear of COVID-19 and workplace phobia among doctors in Pakistan during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods An online survey was conducted among 421 doctors in Pakistan between April 10 and May 25, 2020. The Workplace Phobia Scale (WPS) and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) were the main psychometric instruments used in this study. Results There was a significant positive relationship between fear of COVID-19 and workplace panic anxiety and workplace avoidance behavior. Significantly higher fear of COVID-19 was found among (i) females compared to males, (ii) doctors with 5 years or less of work experience compared to those with more than 5 years, and (iii) postgraduate trainees compared with other ranks. Two groups (doctors who were above 30 years old and postgraduate trainees) were found to have higher levels of workplace phobia compared to their counterparts. Doctors with severe levels of fear of COVID-19 had significantly higher levels of workplace panic anxiety and workplace avoidance behavior. Conclusions Fear of COVID-19 was significantly associated with workplace phobia which may negatively affect doctors’ performance. Therefore, important steps are needed to protect doctors’ health by providing sufficient resources to allay their fears and anxieties which consequently help them in carrying out their frontline duties in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

ACS Style

Sadia Malik; Irfan Ullah; Muhammad Irfan; Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu; Chung-Ying Lin; Amir H. Pakpour; Mark D. Griffiths; Ibad Ur Rehman; Rafia Minhas. Fear of COVID-19 and workplace phobia among Pakistani doctors: A survey study. BMC Public Health 2021, 21, 1 -9.

AMA Style

Sadia Malik, Irfan Ullah, Muhammad Irfan, Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu, Chung-Ying Lin, Amir H. Pakpour, Mark D. Griffiths, Ibad Ur Rehman, Rafia Minhas. Fear of COVID-19 and workplace phobia among Pakistani doctors: A survey study. BMC Public Health. 2021; 21 (1):1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sadia Malik; Irfan Ullah; Muhammad Irfan; Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu; Chung-Ying Lin; Amir H. Pakpour; Mark D. Griffiths; Ibad Ur Rehman; Rafia Minhas. 2021. "Fear of COVID-19 and workplace phobia among Pakistani doctors: A survey study." BMC Public Health 21, no. 1: 1-9.

Journal article
Published: 13 April 2021 in Vaccines
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Background: The aims of the present study were to examine the prediction of the threat and coping appraisal utilizing an extended protection motivation theory (PMT) for the motivation to have COVID-19 vaccination and the influence of various information sources on coping appraisal among university students in China. Methods: The sample comprised 3145 students from 43 universities in China who completed an online survey including PMT constructs as well as constructs added to PMT. The PMT constructs comprised motivation to have COVID-19 vaccination, threat appraisal, and coping appraisal. The extended PMT constructs comprised knowledge about mechanisms and information sources of COVID-19 vaccination. Results: Perceived severity of COVID-19 was positively associated with motivation to have COVID-19 vaccination. Receiving information concerning COVID-19 vaccination from medical personnel was associated with greater self-efficacy, response efficacy, and knowledge, whereas receiving information concerning COVID-19 vaccination from coworkers/colleagues was associated with less response efficacy and knowledge. Receiving online information concerning COVID-19 vaccination was associated with greater response cost of vaccination efficacy and less knowledge. Conclusions: This study supported the prediction of perceived severity in the PMT for motivation to have COVID-19 vaccination among university students in China. Vaccination information sources have different effects on students’ coping appraisal of COVID-19 vaccination.

ACS Style

Peng-Wei Wang; Daniel Ahorsu; Chung-Ying Lin; I-Hua Chen; Cheng-Fang Yen; Yi-Jie Kuo; Mark Griffiths; Amir Pakpour. Motivation to Have COVID-19 Vaccination Explained Using an Extended Protection Motivation Theory among University Students in China: The Role of Information Sources. Vaccines 2021, 9, 380 .

AMA Style

Peng-Wei Wang, Daniel Ahorsu, Chung-Ying Lin, I-Hua Chen, Cheng-Fang Yen, Yi-Jie Kuo, Mark Griffiths, Amir Pakpour. Motivation to Have COVID-19 Vaccination Explained Using an Extended Protection Motivation Theory among University Students in China: The Role of Information Sources. Vaccines. 2021; 9 (4):380.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Peng-Wei Wang; Daniel Ahorsu; Chung-Ying Lin; I-Hua Chen; Cheng-Fang Yen; Yi-Jie Kuo; Mark Griffiths; Amir Pakpour. 2021. "Motivation to Have COVID-19 Vaccination Explained Using an Extended Protection Motivation Theory among University Students in China: The Role of Information Sources." Vaccines 9, no. 4: 380.

Journal article
Published: 22 March 2021 in Vaccines
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The impacts of novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) on human life continue to be serious. To control the spread of COVID-19, the production of effective vaccines is likely to be one of the best solutions. However, vaccination hesitancy may decrease individuals’ willingness to get vaccinated. The Drivers of COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance Scale (DrVac-COVID19S) was recently developed to help healthcare professionals and researchers better understand vaccination acceptance. The present study examined whether DrVac-COVID19S is measurement invariant across different subgroups (Taiwanese vs. mainland Chinese university students; males vs. females; and health-related program majors vs. non-health-related program majors). Taiwanese (n = 761; mean age = 25.51 years; standard deviation (SD) = 6.42; 63.5% females) and mainland Chinese university students (n = 3145; mean age = 20.72 years; SD = 2.06; 50.2% females) were recruited using an online survey between 5 January and 21 February 2021. Factor structure and measurement invariance of the two DrVac-COVID19S scales (nine-item and 12-item) were tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The findings indicated that the DrVac-COVID19S had a four-factor structure and was measurement invariant across the subgroups. The DrVac-COVID19S’s four-factor structure was supported by the CFA results is a practical and valid instrument to quickly capture university students’ willingness to get COVID-19 vaccination. Moreover, the DrVac-COVID19S can be used to compare university students’ underlying reasons to get COVID-19 vaccination among different subgroups.

ACS Style

Ya-Chin Yeh; I-Hua Chen; Daniel Ahorsu; Nai-Ying Ko; Kuan-Lin Chen; Ping-Chia Li; Cheng-Fang Yen; Chung-Ying Lin; Mark Griffiths; Amir Pakpour. Measurement Invariance of the Drivers of COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance Scale: Comparison between Taiwanese and Mainland Chinese-Speaking Populations. Vaccines 2021, 9, 297 .

AMA Style

Ya-Chin Yeh, I-Hua Chen, Daniel Ahorsu, Nai-Ying Ko, Kuan-Lin Chen, Ping-Chia Li, Cheng-Fang Yen, Chung-Ying Lin, Mark Griffiths, Amir Pakpour. Measurement Invariance of the Drivers of COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance Scale: Comparison between Taiwanese and Mainland Chinese-Speaking Populations. Vaccines. 2021; 9 (3):297.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ya-Chin Yeh; I-Hua Chen; Daniel Ahorsu; Nai-Ying Ko; Kuan-Lin Chen; Ping-Chia Li; Cheng-Fang Yen; Chung-Ying Lin; Mark Griffiths; Amir Pakpour. 2021. "Measurement Invariance of the Drivers of COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance Scale: Comparison between Taiwanese and Mainland Chinese-Speaking Populations." Vaccines 9, no. 3: 297.

Corrigendum
Published: 08 December 2020 in Addictive Behaviors Reports
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[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100307.].

ACS Style

Sara Fazeli; Isa Mohammadi Zeidi; Chung-Ying Lin; Peyman Namdar; Mark D. Griffiths; Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu; Amir Pakpour. Corrigendum to “Depression, anxiety, and stress mediate the associations between internet gaming disorder, insomnia, and quality of life during the COVID-19 outbreak” [Addict. Behav. Rep. 12 (2020) 100307]. Addictive Behaviors Reports 2020, 12, 100322 .

AMA Style

Sara Fazeli, Isa Mohammadi Zeidi, Chung-Ying Lin, Peyman Namdar, Mark D. Griffiths, Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu, Amir Pakpour. Corrigendum to “Depression, anxiety, and stress mediate the associations between internet gaming disorder, insomnia, and quality of life during the COVID-19 outbreak” [Addict. Behav. Rep. 12 (2020) 100307]. Addictive Behaviors Reports. 2020; 12 ():100322.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sara Fazeli; Isa Mohammadi Zeidi; Chung-Ying Lin; Peyman Namdar; Mark D. Griffiths; Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu; Amir Pakpour. 2020. "Corrigendum to “Depression, anxiety, and stress mediate the associations between internet gaming disorder, insomnia, and quality of life during the COVID-19 outbreak” [Addict. Behav. Rep. 12 (2020) 100307]." Addictive Behaviors Reports 12, no. : 100322.

Journal article
Published: 04 December 2020 in Brain Sciences
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The adverse effects of depression on patients’ life have been reported but information about its effects on the sequential organization of the information processing stages remains poorly understood as previous studies focused only on distinct stages. This study adds to existing knowledge by examining the effect of major depressive disorder (MDD) on the sequential organization of information processing, executive and community functioning. Fifty-seven participants with 19 participants each for first episode depression (FMDD), recurrent episodes depression (RMDD), and healthy controls (HCs) participated in this study. They completed assessments on executive and community functioning measures, and choice reaction time task (CRTT) for the event-related potential (ERP) data. Findings revealed no significant between-group difference in executive functioning but participants with depression (FMDD and RMDD) were found to be more depressed, with FMDD participants having worse community functioning skills compared with HCs. There was no significant between-group main effect on behavioral data. ERP data showed significantly less positive-going P3b among RMDD participants compared with HCs. FMDD participants used a different information processing strategy at P1, while HCs and RMDD participants used a different processing strategy at N2b compared with the other group(s), respectively. The results suggest the use of multifaceted assessment to get a holistic view of the health status of people with MDD in order to inform clinicians on the appropriate interventional strategies needed for the patient.

ACS Style

Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu; Ken Chung; Ho Hon Wong; Michael Gar Chung Yiu; Yat Fung Mok; Ka Shun Lei; Hector Wing Hong Tsang. The Effects of Major Depressive Disorder on the Sequential Organization of Information Processing Stages: An Event-Related Potential Study. Brain Sciences 2020, 10, 935 .

AMA Style

Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu, Ken Chung, Ho Hon Wong, Michael Gar Chung Yiu, Yat Fung Mok, Ka Shun Lei, Hector Wing Hong Tsang. The Effects of Major Depressive Disorder on the Sequential Organization of Information Processing Stages: An Event-Related Potential Study. Brain Sciences. 2020; 10 (12):935.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu; Ken Chung; Ho Hon Wong; Michael Gar Chung Yiu; Yat Fung Mok; Ka Shun Lei; Hector Wing Hong Tsang. 2020. "The Effects of Major Depressive Disorder on the Sequential Organization of Information Processing Stages: An Event-Related Potential Study." Brain Sciences 10, no. 12: 935.

Journal article
Published: 22 October 2020 in Addictive Behaviors Reports
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For many individuals, the COVID-19 outbreak has increased their psychological distress, changed their behaviors, and impacted their health. With more time spent indoors, many individuals have engaged in increased videogame playing. However, the associations between such behaviors during the COVID-19 outbreak period is unclear. The present study examined the mediating role of psychological distress (depression, anxiety, and stress) in the association between internet gaming disorder (IGD) and two health outcomes (insomnia quality of life) among adolescents during this COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study comprising adolescents (N = 1512) aged 13–18 years (mean age = 15.51 years) was utilized to assess measures on insomnia, depression, anxiety, and stress, IGD, and quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic. There were small to large significant relationships between the variables. Psychological distress (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress) served as a strong mediator in the association between IGD and insomnia and quality of life. IGD directly influenced insomnia and quality of life among the participants. IGD is associated with different psychosocial outcomes comprising multiple pathways. Parents need to pay special attention to how much time and how frequently their children play videogames. Parents may need to assist their children in coping with psychological distress during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic period.

ACS Style

Sara Fazeli; Isa Mohammadi Zeidi; Chung-Ying Lin; Peyman Namdar; Mark D. Griffiths; Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu; Amir H. Pakpour. Depression, anxiety, and stress mediate the associations between internet gaming disorder, insomnia, and quality of life during the COVID-19 outbreak. Addictive Behaviors Reports 2020, 12, 100307 -100307.

AMA Style

Sara Fazeli, Isa Mohammadi Zeidi, Chung-Ying Lin, Peyman Namdar, Mark D. Griffiths, Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu, Amir H. Pakpour. Depression, anxiety, and stress mediate the associations between internet gaming disorder, insomnia, and quality of life during the COVID-19 outbreak. Addictive Behaviors Reports. 2020; 12 ():100307-100307.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sara Fazeli; Isa Mohammadi Zeidi; Chung-Ying Lin; Peyman Namdar; Mark D. Griffiths; Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu; Amir H. Pakpour. 2020. "Depression, anxiety, and stress mediate the associations between internet gaming disorder, insomnia, and quality of life during the COVID-19 outbreak." Addictive Behaviors Reports 12, no. : 100307-100307.

Psychiatry
Published: 03 September 2020 in Frontiers in Psychiatry
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Background/Objective: There are inadequate screening instruments for assessing specific internet-related addictions among mainland Chinese primary school students. Therefore, the present study validated the psychometric properties of three simplified Chinese online-related addictive behavior instruments among mainland Chinese primary school students. Method: Fourth to sixth graders (n = 1108; 48.3% males; mean [SD] age = 10.37 years [0.95]) completed the nine-item Internet Gaming Disorder Scales-Short Form (IGDS-SF9), Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS), and Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS) in a classroom. The factorial structures and the unidimensionality of the three scales were examined using confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs). Measurement invariance of the three scales was examined using multigroup confirmatory factor analyses (MGCFAs) across gender. Results: The findings demonstrated that the three scales (Cronbach’s α = 0.73 to 0.84) had unidimensional structure as supported by satisfactory fit indices (comparative fit index = 0.98 to 1.00). The MGCFA findings indicated that the unidimensional structures of the three scales were invariant across gender. Conclusions: The findings indicate that the three simplified Chinese scales (IGDS-SF9, BSMAS, and SABAS) are valid instruments for assessing online-related addictive behaviors among mainland Chinese primary school students irrespective of their gender.

ACS Style

I-Hua Chen; Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu; Amir H. Pakpour; Mark D. Griffiths; Chung-Ying Lin; Chao-Ying Chen. Psychometric Properties of Three Simplified Chinese Online-Related Addictive Behavior Instruments Among Mainland Chinese Primary School Students. Frontiers in Psychiatry 2020, 11, 1 .

AMA Style

I-Hua Chen, Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu, Amir H. Pakpour, Mark D. Griffiths, Chung-Ying Lin, Chao-Ying Chen. Psychometric Properties of Three Simplified Chinese Online-Related Addictive Behavior Instruments Among Mainland Chinese Primary School Students. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2020; 11 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

I-Hua Chen; Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu; Amir H. Pakpour; Mark D. Griffiths; Chung-Ying Lin; Chao-Ying Chen. 2020. "Psychometric Properties of Three Simplified Chinese Online-Related Addictive Behavior Instruments Among Mainland Chinese Primary School Students." Frontiers in Psychiatry 11, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 27 August 2020 in Epilepsy & Behavior
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Purpose Insomnia has adverse effects on people with epilepsy. We aimed to test a novel cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) app-based intervention on insomnia symptoms and social psychological factors in people with epilepsy and to examine the possible mechanisms among the factors. Methods Participants were recruited from neurology clinics in Iran and comprised individuals diagnosed with epilepsy and having moderate to severe insomnia. A two-arm randomized controlled trial design was used, consisting of a treatment group (CBT-I; n = 160) and control group (patient education; n = 160). Primary outcomes were self-reported sleep quality, insomnia severity, and sleep hygiene behavior and objective sleep characteristics measured by actigraphy. Secondary outcomes were attitude, perceived behavioral control, intention, action planning, coping planning, behavioral automaticity, self-monitoring, anxiety, depression, and quality of life (QoL). All outcomes were measured at baseline, and at one, three, and six months postintervention, except objective sleep, which was assessed at baseline, and one and six months postintervention. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models. Results Current findings showed that sleep quality, insomnia severity, sleep hygiene behavior, and sleep onset latency were significantly improved in the CBT-I group compared with the patient education group at all measurement points. Also, the CBT-I group had significantly improved anxiety, depression, and QoL compared with the patient education group. Mediation analyses showed that attitude, intention, coping planning, self-monitoring, and behavioral automaticity significantly mediated the effect of the intervention on sleep outcomes. Conclusion Results support the use of the CBT-I app to improve sleep outcomes among people with epilepsy.

ACS Style

Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu; Chung-Ying Lin; Vida Imani; Per Carlbring; Annette Nygårdh; Anders Broström; Kyra Hamilton; Amir H. Pakpour. Testing an app-based intervention to improve insomnia in patients with epilepsy: A randomized controlled trial. Epilepsy & Behavior 2020, 112, 1 .

AMA Style

Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu, Chung-Ying Lin, Vida Imani, Per Carlbring, Annette Nygårdh, Anders Broström, Kyra Hamilton, Amir H. Pakpour. Testing an app-based intervention to improve insomnia in patients with epilepsy: A randomized controlled trial. Epilepsy & Behavior. 2020; 112 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu; Chung-Ying Lin; Vida Imani; Per Carlbring; Annette Nygårdh; Anders Broström; Kyra Hamilton; Amir H. Pakpour. 2020. "Testing an app-based intervention to improve insomnia in patients with epilepsy: A randomized controlled trial." Epilepsy & Behavior 112, no. : 1.

Original article
Published: 11 June 2020 in International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction
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The present cross-sectional study examined the actor-partner interdependence effect of fear of COVID-19 among Iranian pregnant women and their husbands and its association with their mental health and preventive behaviours during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. A total of 290 pregnant women and their husbands (N = 580) were randomly selected from a list of pregnant women in the Iranian Integrated Health System and were invited to respond to psychometric scales assessing fear of COVID-19, depression, anxiety, suicidal intention, mental quality of life, and COVID-19 preventive behaviours. The findings demonstrated significant dyadic relationships between husbands and their pregnant wives' fear of COVID-19, mental health, and preventive behaviours. Pregnant wives’ actor effect of fear of COVID-19 was significantly associated with depression, suicidal intention, mental quality of life, and COVID-19 preventive behaviours but not anxiety. Moreover, a husband actor effect of fear of COVID-19 was significantly associated with depression, anxiety, suicidal intention, mental quality of life, and COVID-19 preventive behaviours. Additionally, there were significant partner effects observed for both the pregnant wives and their husbands concerning all outcomes. The present study used a cross-sectional design and so is unable to determine the mechanism or causal ordering of the effects. Also, the data are mainly based on self-reported measures which have some limitations due to its potential for social desirability and recall biases. Based on the findings, couples may benefit from psychoeducation that focuses on the effect of mental health problems on pregnant women and the foetus.

ACS Style

Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu; Vida Imani; Chung-Ying Lin; Toomas Timpka; Anders Broström; John A. Updegraff; Kristofer Årestedt; Mark D. Griffiths; Amir H. Pakpour. Associations Between Fear of COVID-19, Mental Health, and Preventive Behaviours Across Pregnant Women and Husbands: An Actor-Partner Interdependence Modelling. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 2020, 1 -15.

AMA Style

Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu, Vida Imani, Chung-Ying Lin, Toomas Timpka, Anders Broström, John A. Updegraff, Kristofer Årestedt, Mark D. Griffiths, Amir H. Pakpour. Associations Between Fear of COVID-19, Mental Health, and Preventive Behaviours Across Pregnant Women and Husbands: An Actor-Partner Interdependence Modelling. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. 2020; ():1-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu; Vida Imani; Chung-Ying Lin; Toomas Timpka; Anders Broström; John A. Updegraff; Kristofer Årestedt; Mark D. Griffiths; Amir H. Pakpour. 2020. "Associations Between Fear of COVID-19, Mental Health, and Preventive Behaviours Across Pregnant Women and Husbands: An Actor-Partner Interdependence Modelling." International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction , no. : 1-15.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2020 in Journal of Medical Internet Research
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Background Sleep hygiene is important for maintaining good sleep and reducing insomnia. Objective This study examined the long-term efficacy of a theory-based app (including cognitive behavioral therapy [CBT], theory of planned behavior [TPB], health action process approach [HAPA], and control theory [CT]) on sleep hygiene among insomnia patients. Methods The study was a 2-arm single-blind parallel-group randomized controlled trial (RCT). Insomnia patients were randomly assigned to a treatment group that used an app for 6 weeks (ie, CBT for insomnia [CBT-I], n=156) or a control group that received only patient education (PE, n=156) through the app. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months postintervention. Primary outcomes were sleep hygiene, insomnia, and sleep quality. Secondary outcomes included attitudes toward sleep hygiene behavior, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention, action and coping planning, self-monitoring, behavioral automaticity, and anxiety and depression. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate the magnitude of changes in outcomes between the two groups and across time. Results Sleep hygiene was improved in the CBT-I group compared with the PE group (P=.02 at 1 month, P=.04 at 3 months, and P=.02 at 6 months) as were sleep quality and severity of insomnia. Mediation analyses suggested that perceived behavioral control on sleep hygiene as specified by TPB along with self-regulatory processes from HAPA and CT mediated the effect of the intervention on outcomes. Conclusions Health care providers might consider using a CBT-I app to improve sleep among insomnia patients. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03605732; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03605732

ACS Style

Daniela Ben Neriah; Juan Martínez-Miranda; Nilofar Rajabi Majd; Anders Broström; Martin Ulander; Chung-Ying Lin; Mark D Griffiths; Vida Imani; Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu; Maurice M Ohayon; Amir H Pakpour. Efficacy of a Theory-Based Cognitive Behavioral Technique App-Based Intervention for Patients With Insomnia: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2020, 22, e15841 .

AMA Style

Daniela Ben Neriah, Juan Martínez-Miranda, Nilofar Rajabi Majd, Anders Broström, Martin Ulander, Chung-Ying Lin, Mark D Griffiths, Vida Imani, Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu, Maurice M Ohayon, Amir H Pakpour. Efficacy of a Theory-Based Cognitive Behavioral Technique App-Based Intervention for Patients With Insomnia: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2020; 22 (4):e15841.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniela Ben Neriah; Juan Martínez-Miranda; Nilofar Rajabi Majd; Anders Broström; Martin Ulander; Chung-Ying Lin; Mark D Griffiths; Vida Imani; Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu; Maurice M Ohayon; Amir H Pakpour. 2020. "Efficacy of a Theory-Based Cognitive Behavioral Technique App-Based Intervention for Patients With Insomnia: Randomized Controlled Trial." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 4: e15841.

Brief report
Published: 27 March 2020 in International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction
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Background The emergence of the COVID-19 and its consequences has led to fears, worries, and anxiety among individuals worldwide. The present study developed the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) to complement the clinical efforts in preventing the spread and treating of COVID-19 cases. Methods The sample comprised 717 Iranian participants. The items of the FCV-19S were constructed based on extensive review of existing scales on fears, expert evaluations, and participant interviews. Several psychometric tests were conducted to ascertain its reliability and validity properties. Results After panel review and corrected item-total correlation testing, seven items with acceptable corrected item-total correlation (0.47 to 0.56) were retained and further confirmed by significant and strong factor loadings (0.66 to 0.74). Also, other properties evaluated using both classical test theory and Rasch model were satisfactory on the seven-item scale. More specifically, reliability values such as internal consistency (α = .82) and test–retest reliability (ICC = .72) were acceptable. Concurrent validity was supported by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (with depression, r = 0.425 and anxiety, r = 0.511) and the Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Scale (with perceived infectability, r = 0.483 and germ aversion, r = 0.459). Conclusion The Fear of COVID-19 Scale, a seven-item scale, has robust psychometric properties. It is reliable and valid in assessing fear of COVID-19 among the general population and will also be useful in allaying COVID-19 fears among individuals.

ACS Style

Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu; Chung-Ying Lin; Vida Imani; Mohsen Saffari; Mark D. Griffiths; Amir H. Pakpour. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Development and Initial Validation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 2020, 1 -9.

AMA Style

Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu, Chung-Ying Lin, Vida Imani, Mohsen Saffari, Mark D. Griffiths, Amir H. Pakpour. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Development and Initial Validation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. 2020; ():1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu; Chung-Ying Lin; Vida Imani; Mohsen Saffari; Mark D. Griffiths; Amir H. Pakpour. 2020. "The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Development and Initial Validation." International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction , no. : 1-9.

Original article
Published: 13 March 2020 in Journal of Mental Health
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Background: Students continue to face significant mental health challenges that vary in severity and type. It is, therefore, imperative that researchers and clinicians pay more attention to efforts aimed at improving the mental well-being of students. Aims: This study examined the differences between Ghanaian students of the various educational levels on some mental health variables and the psychosocial factors of suicidal ideation. Methods: Three hundred and fifty-seven (357) participants consisting of junior (92 students) and senior (99 students) high school students, undergraduates (86 students) and postgraduates (80 students) were involved in this cross-sectional study. Results: The study revealed that high school students had higher academic stress, depression and suicidal ideation and they used more coping strategies compared to university students. Depression, age, and educational levels were the factors that facilitated suicidal ideation, with spiritual and ritual centred coping strategy and religion (Islam) serving as a buffer for suicidal ideation among students. These factors varied with different educational levels. Conclusions: High school students experienced significant mental health problems compared to university students—this has direct implications on their academic and psychosocial development. The study recommends that mental health facilities be provided and managed by professionals, especially in high schools.

ACS Style

Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu; Emma Sethina Adjaottor; Florence Aninniwaa Yeboah; Yaw Opoku. Mental health challenges in academia: comparison between students of the various educational levels in Ghana. Journal of Mental Health 2020, 30, 292 -299.

AMA Style

Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu, Emma Sethina Adjaottor, Florence Aninniwaa Yeboah, Yaw Opoku. Mental health challenges in academia: comparison between students of the various educational levels in Ghana. Journal of Mental Health. 2020; 30 (3):292-299.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu; Emma Sethina Adjaottor; Florence Aninniwaa Yeboah; Yaw Opoku. 2020. "Mental health challenges in academia: comparison between students of the various educational levels in Ghana." Journal of Mental Health 30, no. 3: 292-299.