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Mr. Davide Cittanti
Politecnico di Torino, Department of Energy

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Power Electronics
0 WIDE BANDGAP DEVICES
0 battery chargers
0 Drive Control
0 High Frequency Magnetics

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Ultra-Fast Charging

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Journal article
Published: 25 August 2021 in Energies
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Three-phase three-level unidirectional rectifiers are among the most adopted topologies for general active rectification, achieving an excellent compromise between cost, complexity and overall performance. The unidirectional nature of these rectifiers negatively affects their operation, e.g., distorting the input currents around the zero-crossings, limiting the maximum converter-side displacement power factor, reducing the split DC-link mid-point current capability and limiting the converter ability to compensate the low-frequency DC-link mid-point voltage oscillation. In particular, the rectifier operation under non-unity power factor and/or under constant zero-sequence voltage injection (i.e., when unbalanced split DC-link loading occurs) typically yields large and uncontrolled input current distortion, effectively limiting the acceptable operating region of the converter. Although high bandwidth current control loops and enhanced phase current sampling strategies may improve the rectifier input current distortion, especially at light load, these approaches lose effectiveness when significant phase-shift between voltage and current is required and/or a constant zero-sequence voltage must be injected. Therefore, this paper proposes a complete analysis and performance assessment of three-level unidirectional rectifiers under non-unity power factor operation and unbalanced split DC-link loading. First, the theoretical operating limits of the converter in terms of zero-sequence voltage, modulation index, power factor angle, maximum DC-link mid-point current and minimum DC-link mid-point charge ripple are derived. Leveraging the derived zero-sequence voltage limits, a unified carrier-based pulse-width modulation (PWM) approach enabling the undistorted operation of the rectifier in all feasible operating conditions is thus proposed. Moreover, novel analytical expressions defining the maximum rectifier mid-point current capability and the minimum peak-to-peak DC-link mid-point charge ripple as functions of both modulation index and power factor angle are derived, the latter enabling a straightforward sizing of the split DC-link capacitors. The theoretical analysis is verified on a 30 kW, 20 kHz T-type rectifier prototype, designed for electric vehicle ultra-fast battery charging. The input phase current distortion, the maximum mid-point current capability and the minimum mid-point charge ripple are experimentally assessed across all rectifier operating points, showing excellent performance and accurate agreement with the analytical predictions.

ACS Style

Davide Cittanti; Matteo Gregorio; Eugenio Bossotto; Fabio Mandrile; Radu Bojoi. Three-Level Unidirectional Rectifiers under Non-Unity Power Factor Operation and Unbalanced Split DC-Link Loading: Analytical and Experimental Assessment. Energies 2021, 14, 5280 .

AMA Style

Davide Cittanti, Matteo Gregorio, Eugenio Bossotto, Fabio Mandrile, Radu Bojoi. Three-Level Unidirectional Rectifiers under Non-Unity Power Factor Operation and Unbalanced Split DC-Link Loading: Analytical and Experimental Assessment. Energies. 2021; 14 (17):5280.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Davide Cittanti; Matteo Gregorio; Eugenio Bossotto; Fabio Mandrile; Radu Bojoi. 2021. "Three-Level Unidirectional Rectifiers under Non-Unity Power Factor Operation and Unbalanced Split DC-Link Loading: Analytical and Experimental Assessment." Energies 14, no. 17: 5280.

Journal article
Published: 17 June 2021 in Electronics
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The rapid development of electric vehicle ultra-fast battery chargers is increasingly demanding higher efficiency and power density. In particular, a proper control of the grid-connected active front–end can ensure minimum passive component size (i.e., limiting design oversizing) and reduce the overall converter losses. Moreover, fast control dynamics and strong disturbance rejection capability are often required by the subsequent DC/DC stage, which may act as a fast-varying and/or unbalanced load. Therefore, this paper proposes the design, tuning and implementation of a complete digital multi-loop control strategy for a three-level unidirectional T-type rectifier, intended for EV ultra-fast battery charging. First, an overview of the operational basics of three-level rectifiers is presented and the state-space model of the considered system is derived. A detailed analysis of the mid-point current generation process is also provided, as this aspect is widely overlooked in the literature. In particular, the converter operation under unbalanced split DC-link loads is analyzed and the converter mid-point current limits are analytically identified. Four controllers (i.e., dq-currents, DC-link voltage and DC-link mid-point voltage balancing loops) are designed and their tuning is described step-by-step, taking into account the delays and the discretization introduced by the digital control implementation. Finally, the proposed multi-loop controller design procedure is validated on a 30 kW, 20 kHz T-type rectifier prototype. The control strategy is implemented on a single general purpose microcontroller unit and the performances of all control loops are successfully verified experimentally, simultaneously achieving low input current zero-crossing distortion, high step response and disturbance rejection dynamics, and stable steady-state operation under unbalanced split DC-link loading.

ACS Style

Davide Cittanti; Matteo Gregorio; Eugenio Bossotto; Fabio Mandrile; Radu Bojoi. Full Digital Control and Multi-Loop Tuning of a Three-Level T-Type Rectifier for Electric Vehicle Ultra-Fast Battery Chargers. Electronics 2021, 10, 1453 .

AMA Style

Davide Cittanti, Matteo Gregorio, Eugenio Bossotto, Fabio Mandrile, Radu Bojoi. Full Digital Control and Multi-Loop Tuning of a Three-Level T-Type Rectifier for Electric Vehicle Ultra-Fast Battery Chargers. Electronics. 2021; 10 (12):1453.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Davide Cittanti; Matteo Gregorio; Eugenio Bossotto; Fabio Mandrile; Radu Bojoi. 2021. "Full Digital Control and Multi-Loop Tuning of a Three-Level T-Type Rectifier for Electric Vehicle Ultra-Fast Battery Chargers." Electronics 10, no. 12: 1453.

Original paper
Published: 07 June 2021 in Electrical Engineering
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This paper analyzes the operation and characterizes the performance of a three-phase three-level (3-L) Sparse Neutral Point Clamped converter (SNPCC) for industrial variable speed drives (VSDs). The operating principle of the SNPCC, which advantageously employs a lower number of power transistors than a conventional 3-L inverter, is described in detail, focusing on the AC-side differential-mode and common-mode voltage formation and on the DC-side mid-point current generation processes. The degrees of freedom in the SNPCC modulation scheme are defined and several switching sequences are investigated. Afterwards, the stresses on the active and passive components (e.g. semiconductor losses, machine phase current ripple, DC-link capacitor RMS current, etc.) are calculated by analytical and/or numerical means, enabling a straightforward performance comparison among the identified switching sequences. The most suited modulation strategy for VSD applications is then selected and a chip area sizing procedure, aimed at minimizing the total semiconductor chip size, is applied to a 800V 7.5kW three-phase system. The performance limits of the designed SNPCC are evaluated and finally compared to the ones of conventional 2-L and 3-L solutions, highlighting the promising cost/performance trade-off of the analyzed topology.

ACS Style

Davide Cittanti; Mattia Guacci; Spasoje Mirić; Radu Bojoi; Johann Walter Kolar. Analysis and performance evaluation of a three-phase sparse neutral point clamped converter for industrial variable speed drives. Electrical Engineering 2021, 1 -20.

AMA Style

Davide Cittanti, Mattia Guacci, Spasoje Mirić, Radu Bojoi, Johann Walter Kolar. Analysis and performance evaluation of a three-phase sparse neutral point clamped converter for industrial variable speed drives. Electrical Engineering. 2021; ():1-20.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Davide Cittanti; Mattia Guacci; Spasoje Mirić; Radu Bojoi; Johann Walter Kolar. 2021. "Analysis and performance evaluation of a three-phase sparse neutral point clamped converter for industrial variable speed drives." Electrical Engineering , no. : 1-20.

Journal article
Published: 27 February 2021 in Energies
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State-of-the-art ultra-fast battery chargers for electric vehicles simultaneously require high efficiency and high power density, leading to a challenging power converter design. In particular, the grid-side filter, which ensures sinusoidal current absorption with low pulse-width modulation (PWM) harmonic content, can be a major contributor to the overall converter size and losses. Therefore, this paper proposes a complete analysis, design and optimization procedure of a three-phase LCL filter for a modular DC fast charger. First, an overview of the basic LCL filter modeling is provided and the most significant system transfer functions are identified. Then, the optimal ratio between grid-side and converter-side inductance is discussed, aiming for the maximum filtering performance. A novel design methodology, based on a graphical representation of the filter design space, is thus proposed. Specifically, several constraints on the LCL filtering elements are enforced, such that all feasible design parameter combinations are identified. Therefore, since in low-voltage high-power applications the inductive components typically dominate the overall filter volume, loss and cost, the viable LCL filter design that minimizes the total required inductance is selected. The proposed design procedure is applied to a 30 kW, 20 kHz 3-level unidirectional rectifier, employed in a modular DC fast charger. The performance of the selected optimal design, featuring equal grid-side and converter-side 175 μ μ H inductors and 15 μ μ F capacitors, is verified experimentally on an active front-end prototype, both in terms of harmonic attenuation capability and current control dynamics. A current total harmonic distortion (THD) of 1.2% is achieved at full load and all generated current harmonics comply with the applicable harmonic standard. Moreover, separate tests are performed with different values of grid inner impedance, verifying the converter control stability in various operating conditions and supporting the general validity of the proposed design methodology.

ACS Style

Davide Cittanti; Fabio Mandrile; Matteo Gregorio; Radu Bojoi. Design Space Optimization of a Three-Phase LCL Filter for Electric Vehicle Ultra-Fast Battery Charging. Energies 2021, 14, 1303 .

AMA Style

Davide Cittanti, Fabio Mandrile, Matteo Gregorio, Radu Bojoi. Design Space Optimization of a Three-Phase LCL Filter for Electric Vehicle Ultra-Fast Battery Charging. Energies. 2021; 14 (5):1303.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Davide Cittanti; Fabio Mandrile; Matteo Gregorio; Radu Bojoi. 2021. "Design Space Optimization of a Three-Phase LCL Filter for Electric Vehicle Ultra-Fast Battery Charging." Energies 14, no. 5: 1303.

Journal article
Published: 23 January 2021 in World Electric Vehicle Journal
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As a consequence of the exponential growth of the electric vehicle (EV) market, DC fast-charging infrastructure is being rapidly deployed all around the world. Ultra-fast charging (UFC) stations are starting to pose serious challenges to the electric power system operation, mostly due to their high peak power demand and unregulated discontinuous operation. To address these issues, local energy storage can be installed, ensuring a smoother grid power absorption profile and allowing to provide grid-supporting features. In this work, a control solution for the grid-side AC/DC converter of next-generation EV UFC stations is proposed. A virtual synchronous compensator (VSC) control algorithm is implemented, in order to lessen the impact of the charging station on the utility and to provide the full spectrum of grid ancillary services (i.e., frequency regulation, reactive power compensation, harmonic reduction, short circuit current generation, etc.). The proposed control strategy is verified experimentally on a downscaled 15 kVA three-phase inverter, emulating the grid front-end of the charging station.

ACS Style

Fabio Mandrile; Davide Cittanti; Vincenzo Mallemaci; Radu Bojoi. Electric Vehicle Ultra-Fast Battery Chargers: A Boost for Power System Stability? World Electric Vehicle Journal 2021, 12, 16 .

AMA Style

Fabio Mandrile, Davide Cittanti, Vincenzo Mallemaci, Radu Bojoi. Electric Vehicle Ultra-Fast Battery Chargers: A Boost for Power System Stability? World Electric Vehicle Journal. 2021; 12 (1):16.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fabio Mandrile; Davide Cittanti; Vincenzo Mallemaci; Radu Bojoi. 2021. "Electric Vehicle Ultra-Fast Battery Chargers: A Boost for Power System Stability?" World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, no. 1: 16.

Journal article
Published: 17 January 2021 in Electronics
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This paper deals with the design, tuning and implementation of a digital controller for an all-Si electric vehicle (EV) on-board battery charger operated in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). This charger consists of two cascaded conversion stages: a front-end power factor corrector (PFC) with two interleaved legs and an isolated phase-shifted full bridge DC/DC converter. Both stages operate in DCM over the complete battery charging power range, allowing lower inductance values for both the PFC and the DC/DC filtering elements. Moreover, DCM operation ensures a large reduction of the reverse-recovery losses in the power diodes, enabling the adoption of relatively cheap Si devices. The main goal of the work is to address the well-known DCM control challenges, leveraging a novel control strategy for both converter stages. This control scheme counteracts the DCM system non-linearities with a proper feed-forward contribution and an open-loop gain adjustment, ensuring consistent dynamical performance over the complete operating range. The designed controllers are tuned analytically, taking into account the delay components related to the digital implementation. Finally, the proposed control strategy is implemented on a single general purpose microcontroller unit (MCU) and its performance is experimentally validated on a 3.3kW battery charger prototype.

ACS Style

Davide Cittanti; Matteo Gregorio; Fabio Mandrile; Radu Bojoi. Full Digital Control of an All-Si On-Board Charger Operating in Discontinuous Conduction Mode. Electronics 2021, 10, 203 .

AMA Style

Davide Cittanti, Matteo Gregorio, Fabio Mandrile, Radu Bojoi. Full Digital Control of an All-Si On-Board Charger Operating in Discontinuous Conduction Mode. Electronics. 2021; 10 (2):203.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Davide Cittanti; Matteo Gregorio; Fabio Mandrile; Radu Bojoi. 2021. "Full Digital Control of an All-Si On-Board Charger Operating in Discontinuous Conduction Mode." Electronics 10, no. 2: 203.

Conference paper
Published: 24 November 2020 in 2020 23rd International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS)
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ACS Style

Davide Cittanti; Mattia Guacci; Spasoje Miric; Radu Bojoi; Johann W. Kolar. Comparative Evaluation of 800V DC-Link Three-Phase Two/Three-Level SiC Inverter Concepts for Next-Generation Variable Speed Drives. 2020 23rd International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS) 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Davide Cittanti, Mattia Guacci, Spasoje Miric, Radu Bojoi, Johann W. Kolar. Comparative Evaluation of 800V DC-Link Three-Phase Two/Three-Level SiC Inverter Concepts for Next-Generation Variable Speed Drives. 2020 23rd International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS). 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Davide Cittanti; Mattia Guacci; Spasoje Miric; Radu Bojoi; Johann W. Kolar. 2020. "Comparative Evaluation of 800V DC-Link Three-Phase Two/Three-Level SiC Inverter Concepts for Next-Generation Variable Speed Drives." 2020 23rd International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS) , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 18 November 2020 in 2020 AEIT International Conference of Electrical and Electronic Technologies for Automotive (AEIT AUTOMOTIVE)
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ACS Style

Davide Cittanti; Radu Bojoi. Modulation Strategy Assessment for 3-Level Unidirectional Rectifiers in Electric Vehicle Ultra-Fast Charging Applications. 2020 AEIT International Conference of Electrical and Electronic Technologies for Automotive (AEIT AUTOMOTIVE) 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Davide Cittanti, Radu Bojoi. Modulation Strategy Assessment for 3-Level Unidirectional Rectifiers in Electric Vehicle Ultra-Fast Charging Applications. 2020 AEIT International Conference of Electrical and Electronic Technologies for Automotive (AEIT AUTOMOTIVE). 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Davide Cittanti; Radu Bojoi. 2020. "Modulation Strategy Assessment for 3-Level Unidirectional Rectifiers in Electric Vehicle Ultra-Fast Charging Applications." 2020 AEIT International Conference of Electrical and Electronic Technologies for Automotive (AEIT AUTOMOTIVE) , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 18 November 2020 in 2020 AEIT International Conference of Electrical and Electronic Technologies for Automotive (AEIT AUTOMOTIVE)
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ACS Style

Davide Cittanti; Enrico Vico; Matteo Gregorio; Fabio Mandrile; Radu Bojoi. Iterative Design of a 60 kW All-Si Modular LLC Converter for Electric Vehicle Ultra-Fast Charging. 2020 AEIT International Conference of Electrical and Electronic Technologies for Automotive (AEIT AUTOMOTIVE) 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Davide Cittanti, Enrico Vico, Matteo Gregorio, Fabio Mandrile, Radu Bojoi. Iterative Design of a 60 kW All-Si Modular LLC Converter for Electric Vehicle Ultra-Fast Charging. 2020 AEIT International Conference of Electrical and Electronic Technologies for Automotive (AEIT AUTOMOTIVE). 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Davide Cittanti; Enrico Vico; Matteo Gregorio; Fabio Mandrile; Radu Bojoi. 2020. "Iterative Design of a 60 kW All-Si Modular LLC Converter for Electric Vehicle Ultra-Fast Charging." 2020 AEIT International Conference of Electrical and Electronic Technologies for Automotive (AEIT AUTOMOTIVE) , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 11 October 2020 in 2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)
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This paper proposes a digital control strategy for LLC resonant converters, specifically intended for EV battery charging applications. Two cascaded control loops, i.e. an external battery voltage loop and an internal battery current loop, are designed and tuned according to analytically derived expressions. Particular attention is reserved to the output current control analysis, due to its extremely non-linear behaviour. The well known seventh-order LLC small-signal model, derived with the extended describing function (EDF) method, is simplified to an equivalent first-order model at the resonance frequency. In these conditions, which are proven to be the most underdamped, the current control loop is tuned taking into account the delays introduced by the digital control implementation. Moreover, the adoption of a look-up table (LUT) in the feed-forward path is proposed to counteract the system non-linearities, ensuring high dynamical performance over the full frequency operating range. Finally, the proposed control strategy and controller design procedure are verified both in simulation and experimentally on a 15 kW LLC converter prototype.

ACS Style

Davide Cittanti; Matteo Gregorio; Eric Armando; Radu Bojoi. Digital Multi-Loop Control of an LLC Resonant Converter for Electric Vehicle DC Fast Charging. 2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) 2020, 4423 -4430.

AMA Style

Davide Cittanti, Matteo Gregorio, Eric Armando, Radu Bojoi. Digital Multi-Loop Control of an LLC Resonant Converter for Electric Vehicle DC Fast Charging. 2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). 2020; ():4423-4430.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Davide Cittanti; Matteo Gregorio; Eric Armando; Radu Bojoi. 2020. "Digital Multi-Loop Control of an LLC Resonant Converter for Electric Vehicle DC Fast Charging." 2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) , no. : 4423-4430.

Conference paper
Published: 23 September 2020 in 2020 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)
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ACS Style

Davide Cittanti; Matteo Gregorio; Radu Bojoi. Digital Multi-Loop Control of a 3-Level Rectifier for Electric Vehicle Ultra-Fast Battery Chargers. 2020 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT) 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Davide Cittanti, Matteo Gregorio, Radu Bojoi. Digital Multi-Loop Control of a 3-Level Rectifier for Electric Vehicle Ultra-Fast Battery Chargers. 2020 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT). 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Davide Cittanti; Matteo Gregorio; Radu Bojoi. 2020. "Digital Multi-Loop Control of a 3-Level Rectifier for Electric Vehicle Ultra-Fast Battery Chargers." 2020 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT) , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 29 April 2020 in IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications
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In recent years, the development of multi-three-phase drives for both energy production and transportation electrification has gained growing attention. An important feature of the multi-three-phase drives is their modularity, since they can be configured as three-phase units operating in parallel and with a modular control scheme. The so-called multi-stator modeling approach represents a suitable solution for the implementation of modular control strategies able to deal with several three-phase units. Nevertheless, the use of the multi-stator approach leads to relevant coupling terms in the resulting set of equations. To solve this issue, a new decoupling transformation for the decoupled torque control of multi-three-phase induction motor drives is proposed. The experimental validation has been carried out with a modular power converter feeding a twelve-phase induction machine prototype (10 kW, 6000 rpm) using a quadruple three-phase stator winding configuration.

ACS Style

Sandro Rubino; Radu Bojoi; Davide Cittanti; Luca Zarri. Decoupled and Modular Torque Control of Multi-Three-Phase Induction Motor Drives. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2020, 1 -1.

AMA Style

Sandro Rubino, Radu Bojoi, Davide Cittanti, Luca Zarri. Decoupled and Modular Torque Control of Multi-Three-Phase Induction Motor Drives. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. 2020; (99):1-1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sandro Rubino; Radu Bojoi; Davide Cittanti; Luca Zarri. 2020. "Decoupled and Modular Torque Control of Multi-Three-Phase Induction Motor Drives." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications , no. 99: 1-1.

Conference paper
Published: 01 September 2019 in 2019 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)
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In recent years, the development of multiple three-phase drives for both energy production and transportation electrification has gained a growing attention. An important feature of the multiple three-phase drives is their modularity since they can be configured as three-phase units operating in parallel and using a modular control scheme. The multi-stator modelling approach represents a suitable solution for the implementation of modular control strategies able to deal with several three-phase units. Nevertheless, the use of the multi-stator approach leads to relevant coupling terms in the resulting set of equations. To solve this problem, a new decoupling transformation able to deal with a decoupled torque control of multiple three-phase induction motor drives is proposed. The experimental validation has been carried out with a modular power converter feeding a twelve-phase induction machine prototype (10 kW, 6000 rpm) using a quadruple three-phase stator winding configuration.

ACS Style

Sandro Rubino; Radu Bojoi; Davide Cittanti; Luca Zarri. Decoupled Torque Control of Multiple Three-Phase Induction Motor Drives. 2019 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) 2019, 4903 -4910.

AMA Style

Sandro Rubino, Radu Bojoi, Davide Cittanti, Luca Zarri. Decoupled Torque Control of Multiple Three-Phase Induction Motor Drives. 2019 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). 2019; ():4903-4910.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sandro Rubino; Radu Bojoi; Davide Cittanti; Luca Zarri. 2019. "Decoupled Torque Control of Multiple Three-Phase Induction Motor Drives." 2019 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) , no. : 4903-4910.

Conference paper
Published: 01 June 2017 in 2017 International Conference of Electrical and Electronic Technologies for Automotive
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ACS Style

Davide Cittanti; Alessandro Ferraris; Andrea Airale; Sabina Fiorot; Santo Scavuzzo; Massimiliana Carello. Modeling Li-ion batteries for automotive application: A trade-off between accuracy and complexity. 2017 International Conference of Electrical and Electronic Technologies for Automotive 2017, 1 .

AMA Style

Davide Cittanti, Alessandro Ferraris, Andrea Airale, Sabina Fiorot, Santo Scavuzzo, Massimiliana Carello. Modeling Li-ion batteries for automotive application: A trade-off between accuracy and complexity. 2017 International Conference of Electrical and Electronic Technologies for Automotive. 2017; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Davide Cittanti; Alessandro Ferraris; Andrea Airale; Sabina Fiorot; Santo Scavuzzo; Massimiliana Carello. 2017. "Modeling Li-ion batteries for automotive application: A trade-off between accuracy and complexity." 2017 International Conference of Electrical and Electronic Technologies for Automotive , no. : 1.