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This article concentrates on the regulations for the sustainable usage of drones in the central area of cities. This paper does not present the development of freight drones. Here, we do not concentrate on the construction, maneuvering, and steering of one drone or groups of drones, although these aspects are very important for the development of drones. However, the most important usage aspect of drones is the safety conditions. Here, we present a review of the current regulations and also propose beginning a discussion about the technical regulations of the usage of freight drones in this time and after the end of this pandemic for the sustainable usage of them in cities. The regulations are very scattered in the area of the usage of drones. This paper proposes a uniform base of regulations for the usage of drones in city centers.
Krzysztof Lewandowski. Sustainable Usage of Freight Drones in City Centers, Proposition of Regulations for Safe Usage of Drones. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8634 .
AMA StyleKrzysztof Lewandowski. Sustainable Usage of Freight Drones in City Centers, Proposition of Regulations for Safe Usage of Drones. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (15):8634.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrzysztof Lewandowski. 2021. "Sustainable Usage of Freight Drones in City Centers, Proposition of Regulations for Safe Usage of Drones." Sustainability 13, no. 15: 8634.
The aim of this article is to show the potential of space flight and related research. The authors analyze the conditions of space flight and the associated possible threats that may occur. It is assumed that the basic problem is cosmic radiation, which not only can significantly affect the health of astronauts, but also prevent potential cultivation of plants or animal breeding on board a spacecraft. The solution to this problem proposed in the article is a shield which provides re-sistance to collisions with high kinetic energy particles, while reducing the speed of corpuscular radiation. An important part of the article is a detailed analysis of various biotechnological and bioengineering methods that could be used for food production on board a spacecraft. The au-thors indicate that technological development in the field of bioprinting or genetic modification of organisms may play a key role in the success of long-distance technological missions. Moreover, the organisms mentioned in the work, such as algae, fungi and insects, are indicated as a potential source of energy for future colonizers. In sum, the research covers both the field of engineering and biotechnology, as well as the possibility of checking these technological methods in the test flights.
Krzysztof Lewandowski; Aleksandra Stryjska. What Food will We be Eating in Space in the Future? 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleKrzysztof Lewandowski, Aleksandra Stryjska. What Food will We be Eating in Space in the Future? . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrzysztof Lewandowski; Aleksandra Stryjska. 2021. "What Food will We be Eating in Space in the Future?" , no. : 1.
Each city is possible to perceive as a space where people live and work. Any city cannot function without supply of goods for commerce, services and industry. City logistics, it is a comprehensive strategy to rationalization of the spatial and functional urban agglomeration system to meet the needs of residents and visitors, implemented by coordinating all activities in the area of the city and its surroundings for long-term development goals of the city and the region. In this paper presents the key assumptions of the idea of good neighbourliness for delivery in the city centre.
Krzysztof Lewandowski. Sustainable Transport of Supplies in the City Centre as a Part of the Concept of Good Neighbourliness. Innovative Approaches to Tourism and Leisure 2017, 111 -117.
AMA StyleKrzysztof Lewandowski. Sustainable Transport of Supplies in the City Centre as a Part of the Concept of Good Neighbourliness. Innovative Approaches to Tourism and Leisure. 2017; ():111-117.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrzysztof Lewandowski. 2017. "Sustainable Transport of Supplies in the City Centre as a Part of the Concept of Good Neighbourliness." Innovative Approaches to Tourism and Leisure , no. : 111-117.
This paper explores subject of the increasing the size and mass of unit loads and its relationship to the development of transloading technology over the past 2000 years. It shows that the principles of development of these parameters have been important for carriers and for trade. Although the change of shape and construction materials for load units are very different from today's shipping containers, the same design rules apply. The reasons for the change of usage of some kinds of the load units in history relate to changes in technology and the availability of the construction materials. The industrial revolution created an increase in demand and stimulated mechanization of transloading technology. The first ‘bulk’ product to be successfully handled by crane was coal. Later developments in rail transport and steamships changed the geometry and capacity of transport vehicles, which stimulated the development of mechanical reloading techniques. Steam power used in many solutions increased the maximum payload of cranes. The development of electric power and motors for road transport further increased handling capacity, enabling greater size and mass of unit loads. Later, the big emigration from Europe to USA stimulated the creation of large unit loads and shipping containers for personal belongings and imports. The size and weight of unit loads lagged, but grew in direct proportion to the growth in lifting capacity, and mechanization reduced human labour required for transloading. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Krzysztof Lewandowski. Growth in the Size of Unit Loads and Shipping Containers from Antique to WWI. Packaging Technology and Science 2016, 29, 451 -478.
AMA StyleKrzysztof Lewandowski. Growth in the Size of Unit Loads and Shipping Containers from Antique to WWI. Packaging Technology and Science. 2016; 29 (8-9):451-478.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrzysztof Lewandowski. 2016. "Growth in the Size of Unit Loads and Shipping Containers from Antique to WWI." Packaging Technology and Science 29, no. 8-9: 451-478.
The chapter presents the relationship between rights and responsibilities of local government in the planning of the transport system in the subordinate region, and competition between transport modes, especially land transport, road or rail. Rights and responsibilities of local government in the planning of the transport system in the subordinate region stem from laws on local government. Competition between modes of land transport derived from the principles of the Law on freedom of economic activity and the progressive liberalization of access to the transport market of the European Union countries. This gives rise to conflicts of service operators in the region. Local government may then have the choice of how to reconcile sustainable transport strategies in their territory and the desire to shape the transport of environmentally friendly behavior by generating instruments to internalize external costs of transport. This chapter provides examples of the decisions in these cases of the local government from Lower Silesia in Poland.
Krzysztof Lewandowski. Local Government, The Hostage or Playmaker in Competition Between Modes of Transport: Examples from Local Freight Transport in Lower Silesia. Innovative Approaches to Tourism and Leisure 2016, 39 -50.
AMA StyleKrzysztof Lewandowski. Local Government, The Hostage or Playmaker in Competition Between Modes of Transport: Examples from Local Freight Transport in Lower Silesia. Innovative Approaches to Tourism and Leisure. 2016; ():39-50.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrzysztof Lewandowski. 2016. "Local Government, The Hostage or Playmaker in Competition Between Modes of Transport: Examples from Local Freight Transport in Lower Silesia." Innovative Approaches to Tourism and Leisure , no. : 39-50.
Krzysztof Lewandowski. Propozycja redukcji kosztów w realizacji dostaw w centrum miasta na przykładzie Jeleniej Góry. Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu 2015, 1 .
AMA StyleKrzysztof Lewandowski. Propozycja redukcji kosztów w realizacji dostaw w centrum miasta na przykładzie Jeleniej Góry. Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu. 2015; (383):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrzysztof Lewandowski. 2015. "Propozycja redukcji kosztów w realizacji dostaw w centrum miasta na przykładzie Jeleniej Góry." Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu , no. 383: 1.