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Justin Merrigan
Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA

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Review
Published: 31 July 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Human performance optimization of tactical personnel requires accurate, meticulous, and effective monitoring of biological adaptations and systemic recovery. Due to an increased understanding of its importance and the commercial availability of assessment tools, the use of heart rate variability (HRV) to address this need is becoming more common in the tactical community. Measuring HRV is a non-invasive, practical method for objectively assessing a performer’s readiness, workload, and recovery status; when combined with additional data sources and practitioner input, it provides an affordable and scalable solution for gaining actionable information to support the facilitation and maintenance of operational performance. This narrative review discusses the non-clinical use of HRV for assessing, monitoring, and interpreting autonomic nervous system resource availability, modulation, effectiveness, and efficiency in tactical populations. Broadly, HRV metrics represent a complex series of interactions resulting from internal and external stimuli; therefore, a general overview of HRV applications in tactical personnel is discussed, including the influence of occupational specific demands, interactions between cognitive and physical domains, and recommendations on implementing HRV for training and recovery insights into critical health and performance outcomes.

ACS Style

Mark Stephenson; Andrew Thompson; Justin Merrigan; Jason Stone; Joshua Hagen. Applying Heart Rate Variability to Monitor Health and Performance in Tactical Personnel: A Narrative Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 8143 .

AMA Style

Mark Stephenson, Andrew Thompson, Justin Merrigan, Jason Stone, Joshua Hagen. Applying Heart Rate Variability to Monitor Health and Performance in Tactical Personnel: A Narrative Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (15):8143.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mark Stephenson; Andrew Thompson; Justin Merrigan; Jason Stone; Joshua Hagen. 2021. "Applying Heart Rate Variability to Monitor Health and Performance in Tactical Personnel: A Narrative Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15: 8143.

Review
Published: 16 July 2021 in Applied Sciences
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Force plate assessments, such as countermovement jumps and isometric mid-thigh pulls, examine performances (e.g., jump height, force, power) and movement strategies (e.g., asymmetries, durations), and are best suited to characterize and monitor physical capabilities, not predict injuries. To begin applying force plate technologies, users must first; (1) develop a data management plan to visualize and capture data over time; (2) select appropriate force plates for their scenario; (3) design appropriate testing protocols to ensure valid and reliable data. Force plate assessments may be added to existing testing, serve as separate testing batteries for annual profile testing to compare individuals and understand initial physical capabilities, or for more frequent testing (i.e., monthly or weekly) to monitor training-related adaptations or neuromuscular fatigue. Although these assessments inform evidence-based program designs, human performance practitioners must understand the considerations for conducting appropriate force plate testing, as well as proper visualizations and management of force plate data. Thus, the aim of this review is to provide evidence-based practices for utilizing force plates in tactical populations (e.g., military, firefighters, police). This includes best practices to implement testing for performance profiling, training adaptations, and monitoring neuromuscular fatigue and force asymmetries. Of note, due to the large amount of force-time metrics to choose from, this article provides general examples of important metrics to monitor and training recommendations based on changes to these force-time metrics, followed by specific examples in three case studies.

ACS Style

Justin Merrigan; Jason Stone; Joel Martin; William Hornsby; Scott Galster; Joshua Hagen. Applying Force Plate Technology to Inform Human Performance Programming in Tactical Populations. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 6538 .

AMA Style

Justin Merrigan, Jason Stone, Joel Martin, William Hornsby, Scott Galster, Joshua Hagen. Applying Force Plate Technology to Inform Human Performance Programming in Tactical Populations. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (14):6538.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Justin Merrigan; Jason Stone; Joel Martin; William Hornsby; Scott Galster; Joshua Hagen. 2021. "Applying Force Plate Technology to Inform Human Performance Programming in Tactical Populations." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14: 6538.

Journal article
Published: 28 May 2021 in Sustainability
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The purpose was to evaluate neuromuscular fatigue’s effect on unloaded and loaded countermovement jump (CMJ) force-time characteristics during high-intensity tactical training. Eighteen male and sixteen female Marines completed two maximal effort CMJs, in unloaded (PVC pipe) and loaded (10 kg weight vest and 20 kg barbell) conditions, prior to, and 24, 48, and 72 h after starting the 4-day event. The top three variables from three principal components (PC) were analyzed using mixed-effects modeling (PC1—concentric mean power, eccentric peak force, and modified reactive strength index; PC2—countermovement depth, eccentric mean power, and eccentric mean velocity; PC3—braking duration, jump height, peak power). Metrics from PC1 and PC3 were reduced across training and from both loading conditions. Metrics from PC2 were similarly affected by external loading but were less influenced by training-induced fatigue. Jump performances with the barbell and with shallower countermovement depths did not change throughout training. Thus, 20 kg loaded CMJs are stable neuromuscular measures suitable for tracking chronic training adaptations. Monitoring unloaded and 10 kg loaded CMJ performances, along with movement strategies (i.e., countermovement rates and depth), may help identify moments of accumulated fatigue to inform training and recovery adjustments and improve the sustainability of personnel.

ACS Style

Justin Merrigan; Jason Stone; Jad Ramadan; Joshua Hagen; Andrew Thompson. Dimensionality Reduction Differentiates Sensitive Force-Time Characteristics from Loaded and Unloaded Conditions throughout Competitive Military Training. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6105 .

AMA Style

Justin Merrigan, Jason Stone, Jad Ramadan, Joshua Hagen, Andrew Thompson. Dimensionality Reduction Differentiates Sensitive Force-Time Characteristics from Loaded and Unloaded Conditions throughout Competitive Military Training. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):6105.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Justin Merrigan; Jason Stone; Jad Ramadan; Joshua Hagen; Andrew Thompson. 2021. "Dimensionality Reduction Differentiates Sensitive Force-Time Characteristics from Loaded and Unloaded Conditions throughout Competitive Military Training." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 6105.

Journal article
Published: 26 May 2021 in Sports
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Laboratory assessments of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) are considered the “gold standard” for ascertaining cardiovascular fitness, but they are not always practical for use in team sport settings. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to compare the criterion assessment of VO2max on a treadmill to the progressive, multistage 20-m shuttle run test (i.e., Beep test), and to determine the predictability of 6 previously established Beep test predictive equations (i.e., Chatterjee, Flouris, Leger, Leger and Gadoury, Ramsbottom, St. Clair-Gibson). Collegiate women field hockey athletes (n = 65, mean±SD: age 19.6 ± 1.2 years; weight 64.7 ± 6.1 kg) completed criterion VO2max (mean ± SD: 46.4 ± 4.6 mL·kg−1·min−1) and Beep tests to volitional fatigue. According to Bland–Altman and Ordinary Least Products Regressions, the Ramsbottom (46.5 ± 4.2 mL·kg−1·min−1) and Flouris (46.3 ± 3.8 mL·kg−1·min−1) equations were considered valid predictions of criterion measured VO2max (46.4 ± 4.6). The Chatterjee, Leger, Leger and Gadoury, and St. Clair-Gibson equations overestimated VO2max, and are not recommended for use with women collegiate field hockey athletes. The Ramsbottom and Flouris estimates of VO2max from 20-m shuttle performances may be used in this population. For accurate estimates of VO2max, the clientele’s age, fitness level, and training history should be considered when selecting equations.

ACS Style

Meghan Magee; Jason White; Justin Merrigan; Margaret Jones. Does the Multistage 20-m Shuttle Run Test Accurately Predict VO2max in NCAA Division I Women Collegiate Field Hockey Athletes? Sports 2021, 9, 75 .

AMA Style

Meghan Magee, Jason White, Justin Merrigan, Margaret Jones. Does the Multistage 20-m Shuttle Run Test Accurately Predict VO2max in NCAA Division I Women Collegiate Field Hockey Athletes? Sports. 2021; 9 (6):75.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Meghan Magee; Jason White; Justin Merrigan; Margaret Jones. 2021. "Does the Multistage 20-m Shuttle Run Test Accurately Predict VO2max in NCAA Division I Women Collegiate Field Hockey Athletes?" Sports 9, no. 6: 75.

Communication
Published: 27 April 2021 in Sports
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This study examined the effects of accentuated eccentric loading (AEL) on bench press velocities across a spectrum of concentric and eccentric loads. Ten strength trained men (bench press one-repetition maximum (1-RM): 124.3 ± 19.4 kg; relative strength ratio: 1.5 ± 0.2 kg∙body mass−1) participated. Subjects completed bench press repetitions using concentric loads from 30% to 80% 1-RM in 10% increments in each experimental session. The AEL protocols were implemented using 100% (AEL100) and 110% 1-RM (AEL110) loads during the eccentric action, while the eccentric load remained the same as the concentric for traditional loading (TRAD). Multilevel models analyzed the effects of each AEL protocol on concentric velocities across concentric loads (p < 0.05). Faster concentric velocities were observed at 30% 1-RM and 80% 1-RM with AEL100 compared to TRAD (p ≤ 0.05) but this effect was reduced for individuals moving the barbell through a greater displacement. Additionally, AEL110 presented a greater change in velocity from 30% to 80% 1-RM than TRAD (p ≤ 0.05). The AEL100 protocol resulted in faster concentric velocities throughout concentric loads of 30–80% 1-RM, but AEL110 may have been too great to elicit consistent performance enhancements. Thus, the efficacy of AEL at various concentric loads is dependent on the eccentric loading and barbell displacement.

ACS Style

Christopher Taber; Jared Morris; John Wagle; Justin Merrigan. Accentuated Eccentric Loading in the Bench Press: Considerations for Eccentric and Concentric Loading. Sports 2021, 9, 54 .

AMA Style

Christopher Taber, Jared Morris, John Wagle, Justin Merrigan. Accentuated Eccentric Loading in the Bench Press: Considerations for Eccentric and Concentric Loading. Sports. 2021; 9 (5):54.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christopher Taber; Jared Morris; John Wagle; Justin Merrigan. 2021. "Accentuated Eccentric Loading in the Bench Press: Considerations for Eccentric and Concentric Loading." Sports 9, no. 5: 54.

Journal article
Published: 02 March 2021 in Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
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Merrigan, JJ, Tufano, JJ, and Jones, MT. Potentiating effects of accentuated eccentric loading are dependent upon relative strength. J Strength Cond Res 35(5): 1208–1216, 2021—The purpose was to evaluate the acute effects of accentuated eccentric loading (AEL) on bench press velocity and subsequent perceived effort (ratings of perceived exertion [RPE]) and soreness. Resistance-trained men (n = 8) and women (n = 2) completed 4 sets of 5 bench press repetitions with AEL and traditional loading (TL) using concentric loads of 50% (AEL50, TL50) and 65% (AEL65, TL65) 1-repetition maximum (1RM). Throughout each TL set, the eccentric load remained identical to the concentric. Variable resistance during the first repetition of AEL equaled 120% 1RM. Hierarchical Linear Modeling was used to evaluate differences between AEL and TL (p < 0.05). For the first repetition, AEL50 and AEL65 resulted in slower eccentric and concentric velocities. The increasing slope of eccentric and concentric velocity across repetitions was greater during AEL50 and AEL65 compared with TL50 and TL65, respectively (p < 0.05). As an individual's strength increased, AEL50 resulted in slower eccentric velocity and faster concentric velocity than TL50. The AEL65 resulted in faster concentric velocity than TL65 (p < 0.05). Mean protocol comparisons revealed trivial to small effects between AEL and TL. There were no differences in RPE or soreness between protocols with soreness ratings remaining unchanged from baseline (1.80 ± 0.20 AU; p < 0.05). Overall, AEL was not effective for increasing concentric velocity during the bench press with current loading protocols. Yet, stronger individuals may exhibit increases in concentric velocity from AEL, which may be a result of different pacing strategies employed during the eccentric phase. Furthermore, when using the current AEL protocols, eccentric intensities were increased with no greater RPE or soreness.

ACS Style

Justin J. Merrigan; James J. Tufano; Margaret T. Jones. Potentiating Effects of Accentuated Eccentric Loading Are Dependent Upon Relative Strength. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 2021, 35, 1208 -1216.

AMA Style

Justin J. Merrigan, James J. Tufano, Margaret T. Jones. Potentiating Effects of Accentuated Eccentric Loading Are Dependent Upon Relative Strength. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2021; 35 (5):1208-1216.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Justin J. Merrigan; James J. Tufano; Margaret T. Jones. 2021. "Potentiating Effects of Accentuated Eccentric Loading Are Dependent Upon Relative Strength." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 35, no. 5: 1208-1216.

Communication
Published: 11 February 2021 in Sports
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Low-income Latino children are at high risk for obesity and associated comorbidities. Considering the health benefits of proper sleep habits and physical activity, understanding the patterns, or the relationship between these modifiable factors may help guide intervention strategies to improve overall health in this population. Thus, the purpose was to investigate bidirectional associations between physical activity and sleep among Latino children who are overweight/obese. Twenty-three children (boys, 70%; overweight, 17%; obese, 83%) (age 7.9 ± 1.4 years) wore activity monitors on their wrist for 6 consecutive days (comprising 138 total observations). Hierarchical linear modeling evaluated temporal associations between physical activity (light physical activity, LPA; moderate to vigorous activity, MVPA) and sleep (duration and efficiency). Although there was no association between MVPA and sleep (p > 0.05), daytime LPA was negatively associated with sleep duration that night (estimate ± SE = −10.77 ± 5.26; p = 0.04), and nighttime sleep efficiency was positively associated with LPA the next day (estimate ± SE = 13.29 ± 6.16; p = 0.03). In conclusion, increased LPA may decrease sleep duration that night, but increasing sleep efficiency may increase LPA the following day. Although further investigation is required, these results suggest that improving sleep efficiency may increase the level of physical activity reached among Latino children who are overweight/obese.

ACS Style

Justin Merrigan; Kristina Volgenau; Allison McKay; Robyn Mehlenbeck; Margaret Jones; Sina Gallo. Bidirectional Associations between Physical Activity and Sleep in Early-Elementary-Age Latino Children with Obesity. Sports 2021, 9, 26 .

AMA Style

Justin Merrigan, Kristina Volgenau, Allison McKay, Robyn Mehlenbeck, Margaret Jones, Sina Gallo. Bidirectional Associations between Physical Activity and Sleep in Early-Elementary-Age Latino Children with Obesity. Sports. 2021; 9 (2):26.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Justin Merrigan; Kristina Volgenau; Allison McKay; Robyn Mehlenbeck; Margaret Jones; Sina Gallo. 2021. "Bidirectional Associations between Physical Activity and Sleep in Early-Elementary-Age Latino Children with Obesity." Sports 9, no. 2: 26.

Brief report
Published: 02 January 2021 in Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
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The purpose of this longitudinal, descriptive study was to observe changes in maximal strength measured via isometric clean grip mid-thigh pull and home runs (total and home runs per game) across three years of training and three competitive seasons for four National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division 1 baseball players. A one-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed, revealing significant univariate effects of time for peak force (PF) (p = 0.003) and peak force allometrically scaled (PFa) (p = 0.002). Increases in PF were noted from season 1 to season 2 (p = 0.031) and season 3 (p = 0.004), but season 2 was not significantly different than season 3 (p = 0.232). Additionally, increases in PFa were noted from season 1 to season 2 (p = 0.010) and season 3 (p < 0.001), but season 2 was not significantly different than season 3 (p = 0.052). Home runs per game rose from the 2009 (0.32) to 2010 season (1.35) and dropped during the 2011 season (1.07). A unique aspect of the study involves 2010 being the season in which ball-bat coefficient of restitution (BBCOR) bats were introduced to the NCAA competition.

ACS Style

W. Hornsby; Abigail Tice; Jason Stone; Justin Merrigan; Joshua Hagen; John Wagle; Aaron Cunanan; Michael Stone. Changes in Maximal Strength and Home Run Performance in NCAA Division I Baseball Players Across 3 Competitive Seasons: A Descriptive Study. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 2021, 6, 4 .

AMA Style

W. Hornsby, Abigail Tice, Jason Stone, Justin Merrigan, Joshua Hagen, John Wagle, Aaron Cunanan, Michael Stone. Changes in Maximal Strength and Home Run Performance in NCAA Division I Baseball Players Across 3 Competitive Seasons: A Descriptive Study. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2021; 6 (1):4.

Chicago/Turabian Style

W. Hornsby; Abigail Tice; Jason Stone; Justin Merrigan; Joshua Hagen; John Wagle; Aaron Cunanan; Michael Stone. 2021. "Changes in Maximal Strength and Home Run Performance in NCAA Division I Baseball Players Across 3 Competitive Seasons: A Descriptive Study." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 6, no. 1: 4.

Journal article
Published: 31 December 2020 in Sports
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate intrasession reliability of countermovement jump (CMJ) and isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) force–time characteristics, as well as relationships between CMJ and IMTP metrics. Division I sport and club athletes (n = 112) completed two maximal effort CMJ and IMTP trials, in that order, on force plates. Relative and absolute reliability were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) > 0.80 and coefficients of variation (CVs) < 10%. Intrasession reliability was acceptable for the majority of the CMJ force–time metrics except for concentric rate of force development (RFD), eccentric impulse and RFD, and lower limb stiffness. The IMTP’s time to peak force, instantaneous force at 150 ms, instantaneous net force, and RFD measures were not reliable. Statistically significant weak to moderate relationships (r = 0.20–0.46) existed between allometrically scaled CMJ and IMTP metrics, with the exception of CMJ eccentric mean power not being related with IMTP performances. A majority of CMJ and IMTP metrics met acceptable reliability standards, except RFD measures which should be used with caution. Provided CMJs and IMTPs are indicative of distinct physical fitness capabilities, it is suggested to monitor athlete performance in both tests via changes in those variables that demonstrate the greatest degree of reliability.

ACS Style

Justin J. Merrigan; Jason D. Stone; W. Guy Hornsby; Joshua A. Hagen. Identifying Reliable and Relatable Force–Time Metrics in Athletes—Considerations for the Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull and Countermovement Jump. Sports 2020, 9, 4 .

AMA Style

Justin J. Merrigan, Jason D. Stone, W. Guy Hornsby, Joshua A. Hagen. Identifying Reliable and Relatable Force–Time Metrics in Athletes—Considerations for the Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull and Countermovement Jump. Sports. 2020; 9 (1):4.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Justin J. Merrigan; Jason D. Stone; W. Guy Hornsby; Joshua A. Hagen. 2020. "Identifying Reliable and Relatable Force–Time Metrics in Athletes—Considerations for the Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull and Countermovement Jump." Sports 9, no. 1: 4.

Review
Published: 07 December 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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A necessarily high standard for physical readiness in tactical environments is often accompanied by high incidences of injury due to overaccumulations of neuromuscular fatigue (NMF). To account for instances of overtraining stimulated by NMF, close monitoring of neuromuscular performance is warranted. Previously validated tests, such as the countermovement jump, are useful means for monitoring performance adaptations, resiliency to fatigue, and risk for injury. Performing such tests on force plates provides an understanding of the movement strategy used to obtain the resulting outcome (e.g., jump height). Further, force plates afford numerous objective tests that are valid and reliable for monitoring upper and lower extremity muscular strength and power (thus sensitive to NMF) with less fatiguing and safer methods than traditional one-repetition maximum assessments. Force plates provide numerous software and testing application options that can be applied to military’s training but, to be effective, requires the practitioners to have sufficient knowledge of their functions. Therefore, this review aims to explain the functions of force plate testing as well as current best practices for utilizing force plates in military settings and disseminate protocols for valid and reliable testing to collect key variables that translate to physical performance capacities.

ACS Style

Justin J. Merrigan; Jason D. Stone; Andrew G. Thompson; W. Guy Hornsby; Joshua A. Hagen. Monitoring Neuromuscular Performance in Military Personnel. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 9147 .

AMA Style

Justin J. Merrigan, Jason D. Stone, Andrew G. Thompson, W. Guy Hornsby, Joshua A. Hagen. Monitoring Neuromuscular Performance in Military Personnel. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (23):9147.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Justin J. Merrigan; Jason D. Stone; Andrew G. Thompson; W. Guy Hornsby; Joshua A. Hagen. 2020. "Monitoring Neuromuscular Performance in Military Personnel." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23: 9147.

Journal article
Published: 22 August 2018 in Sports
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The purpose of this study was to assess the body composition of male and female basketball athletes (n = 323) across season, year, and sport-position using air displacement plethysmography. An independent sample t-test assessed sport-position differences. An analysis of variance was used to assess within-subjects across season (pre-season, in-season, and off-season), and academic year (freshman, sophomore, and junior). For both men and women basketball (MBB, WBB) athletes, guards had the lowest body fat, fat mass, fat free mass, and body mass. No seasonal differences were observed in MBB, but following in-season play for WBB, a reduction of (p = 0.03) in fat free mass (FFM) was observed. Across years, MBB showed an increase in FFM from freshman to sophomore year, yet remained unchanged through junior year. For WBB across years, no differences occurred for body mass (BM), body fat (BF%), and fat mass (FM), yet FFM increased from sophomore to junior year (p = 0.009). Sport-position differences exist in MBB and WBB: Guards were found to be smaller and leaner than forwards. Due to the importance of body composition (BC) on athletic performance, along with seasonal and longitudinal shifts in BC, strength and conditioning practitioners should periodically assess athletes BC to ensure preservation of FFM. Training and nutrition programming can then be adjusted in response to changes in BC.

ACS Style

Jennifer B. Fields; Justin J. Merrigan; Jason B. White; Margaret T. Jones. Seasonal and Longitudinal Changes in Body Composition by Sport-Position in NCAA Division I Basketball Athletes. Sports 2018, 6, 85 .

AMA Style

Jennifer B. Fields, Justin J. Merrigan, Jason B. White, Margaret T. Jones. Seasonal and Longitudinal Changes in Body Composition by Sport-Position in NCAA Division I Basketball Athletes. Sports. 2018; 6 (3):85.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jennifer B. Fields; Justin J. Merrigan; Jason B. White; Margaret T. Jones. 2018. "Seasonal and Longitudinal Changes in Body Composition by Sport-Position in NCAA Division I Basketball Athletes." Sports 6, no. 3: 85.

Journal article
Published: 13 January 2017 in Sports
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Static stretching (SS) during whole body vibration (WBV) has been suggested for exercise recovery. The purpose was to compare post-exercise self-ratings of fatigue (FAT), mood state (BAM), soreness (SOR), and perceived exertion (RPE) between SS and WBV+SS in swimmers (9 women, mean ± SD: 19.3 ± 1.3 year, 171 ± 5.7 cm, 67.6 ± 7.2 kg, 26.6 ± 4.1 %body fat (%BF); 10 men, mean ± SD: 19.7 ± 1.0 year, 183 ± 5.5 cm, 77.1 ± 4.2 kg, 13.1 ± 2.2 %BF). Athletes were divided by sex, event (sprint, distance), and assigned to SS or WBV+SS. Both conditions consisted of SS performed on the WBV platform with or without WBV (50 Hz, 6 mm). Sessions consisted of: pre and post measures of BAM, FAT, SOR; the condition; and RPE. Mixed factorial ANOVA were run. A significant condition by pre/post interaction was observed (p = 0.035). Post hoc analyses showed WBV+SS elicited lower post-exercise ratings of FAT (p = 0.002) and the BAM affective states, of tension (p = 0.031), and fatigue (p = 0.087). RPE did not differ between conditions. Of interest is the decrease in tension and fatigue noted by the BAM. Mood state can be indicative of how athletes adapt to training volume and intensity.

ACS Style

Justin J. Merrigan; Matthew N. Tynan; Jonathan M. Oliver; Andrew R. Jagim; Margaret T. Jones. Effect of Post-Exercise Whole Body Vibration with Stretching on Mood State, Fatigue, and Soreness in Collegiate Swimmers. Sports 2017, 5, 7 .

AMA Style

Justin J. Merrigan, Matthew N. Tynan, Jonathan M. Oliver, Andrew R. Jagim, Margaret T. Jones. Effect of Post-Exercise Whole Body Vibration with Stretching on Mood State, Fatigue, and Soreness in Collegiate Swimmers. Sports. 2017; 5 (1):7.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Justin J. Merrigan; Matthew N. Tynan; Jonathan M. Oliver; Andrew R. Jagim; Margaret T. Jones. 2017. "Effect of Post-Exercise Whole Body Vibration with Stretching on Mood State, Fatigue, and Soreness in Collegiate Swimmers." Sports 5, no. 1: 7.