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The energy performance of 11 bank branches in the Brazilian city of Curitiba was analysed using bottom-up engineering energy benchmarking method. As part of a previous study to classify bank buildings, these bank branches were selected for a further study with their building parametric and energy-related data obtained from building drawings and specifications as well as on-site surveys. The energy assessment of these branches was conducted using the existing (RTQ-C) and proposed (INI-C) Brazilian energy efficient labelling regulations for non-domestic buildings. The ability of both systems to produce results which are compatible and could be used to reflect the actual building energy consumption was examined. The study shows improvement of the INI-C system with calculation of energy consumption values and conditions for different reference buildings. However, performance gap between the calculated and actual energy consumption was found due to various reasons including reference values for office buildings were inaccurate for bank buildings. Hence, a list of modified reference values was proposed for bank buildings to represent bank buildings more accurately. This paper highlights the strengths and limitations of both the existing and proposed regulations and presents a reality check against the calculations of energy ratings and actual energy consumption of the buildings. It was concluded that the existing and proposed regulations have to be improved significantly in terms of calculation methodology in order to meet the demand of future energy policy in Brazil.
Ing Liang Wong; Ana Claudia Menoncin Loper; Eduardo Krüger; Fabiano Kiyoshi Mori. Energy performance evaluation and comparison of sampled Brazilian bank buildings with the existing and proposed energy rating systems. Energy and Buildings 2020, 225, 110304 .
AMA StyleIng Liang Wong, Ana Claudia Menoncin Loper, Eduardo Krüger, Fabiano Kiyoshi Mori. Energy performance evaluation and comparison of sampled Brazilian bank buildings with the existing and proposed energy rating systems. Energy and Buildings. 2020; 225 ():110304.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIng Liang Wong; Ana Claudia Menoncin Loper; Eduardo Krüger; Fabiano Kiyoshi Mori. 2020. "Energy performance evaluation and comparison of sampled Brazilian bank buildings with the existing and proposed energy rating systems." Energy and Buildings 225, no. : 110304.
Transparent Insulation (TI) systems are regarded as one of the most promising technologies for providing thermal insulation along with transmission of solar energy. TI systems have a wide range of applications in energy conservation and harnessing solar energy. This paper provides an overview of TI systems and TI materials (TIM), by characterising TI systems on the basis of geometry, material used and general heat losses in these geometrical layouts. Evolution of TI applications is presented with the introduction of new materials. Two new types of TIM (polypropylene and cellulose acetate) are reported in this paper in contrast to previous reviews on TIM. A systematic survey of past literature was carried out to present latest research works and development on TI geometrical layouts and applications. An explicit study of TIM and TI system manufacturers has been carried out to show existing trends in TI applications and geometry. In the last decade, aerogels are most frequently used as TIM for providing insulation and daylighting in buildings. It is concluded that in existing TIM technologies, TI systems incorporating aerogel have the lowest thermal transmittance (U-value) and better solar transmittance (g-value) at lower thickness compared with TI systems incorporating other types of TIM. This paper highlights the availability of TIM geometry with desirable applications and TI systems for energy conservation.
A. Paneri; I.L. Wong; S. Burek. Transparent insulation materials: An overview on past, present and future developments. Solar Energy 2019, 184, 59 -83.
AMA StyleA. Paneri, I.L. Wong, S. Burek. Transparent insulation materials: An overview on past, present and future developments. Solar Energy. 2019; 184 ():59-83.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Paneri; I.L. Wong; S. Burek. 2019. "Transparent insulation materials: An overview on past, present and future developments." Solar Energy 184, no. : 59-83.
An engineering bottom-up technique has been selected for classification and energy analysis of 72 bank branches in the Brazilian city of Curitiba. A multi-stage approach has been adopted in this study to collect and analyse the dataset of these bank branches, virtually survey and map geometrical and design parameters of the branches and classify them according to shapes, sizes, geographical layout, and construction age. Four types (Type A to D) of bank branches have been identified. Type A branches have the greatest mean conditioned floor area (over 100 m2) with largest deviation of energy use intensity (over 47 kWh/m2year). Type B branches are most commonly found in densely populated downtown area. However, over 61% of the branches belong to Type C and D, which are mostly located in less congested sub-urban areas. The study also shows that post-2010s branches are among the largest energy consumers. An in-depth parametric assessment on specific design details from architectural drawings of selected branches was further conducted to identify the effects of building parameters on energy consumption of the bank branches. Despite the minute correlation obtained between energy consumption and design variables (R2 of 0.253), a Linear Discriminant Analysis suggests that percentage of openings and occupant density are among the defining parameters of a low and medium-high consumer as regards bank branches in Brazil. This study provides insights into a better understanding of the design characteristics of bank branches in Curitiba and parameters potentially affecting their energy consumption. The archetype bottom-up technique presented in this study that involved studies at different stages can also be used to define typologies for other types of buildings. This study shows how complex building stock, such as, bank buildings could be classified and their energy performance collectively analysed using multi-stage approach. The approach combined a range of methods, which had been conducted in sequence, such as, virtual survey, building classification, further in-depth parametric and energy assessments of selected bank branches based on architectural drawings using Multiple Regression Analysis and Linear Discriminant Analysis. Such approach enables critical design parameters to be determined in the absence of complete set of building data, which could be adopted for other similar types of complex building stock. Keywords: building typology, classification, energy benchmarking, bottom-up approach, archetype technique, energy use intensity.
Ing Liang Wong; Eduardo Krüger; Ana Claudia Menoncin Loper; Fabiano Kiyoshi Mori. Classification and energy analysis of bank building stock: A case study in Curitiba, Brazil. Journal of Building Engineering 2019, 23, 259 -269.
AMA StyleIng Liang Wong, Eduardo Krüger, Ana Claudia Menoncin Loper, Fabiano Kiyoshi Mori. Classification and energy analysis of bank building stock: A case study in Curitiba, Brazil. Journal of Building Engineering. 2019; 23 ():259-269.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIng Liang Wong; Eduardo Krüger; Ana Claudia Menoncin Loper; Fabiano Kiyoshi Mori. 2019. "Classification and energy analysis of bank building stock: A case study in Curitiba, Brazil." Journal of Building Engineering 23, no. : 259-269.
Ing Liang Wong; Eduardo Krüger. Comparing energy efficiency labelling systems in the EU and Brazil: Implications, challenges, barriers and opportunities. Energy Policy 2017, 109, 310 -323.
AMA StyleIng Liang Wong, Eduardo Krüger. Comparing energy efficiency labelling systems in the EU and Brazil: Implications, challenges, barriers and opportunities. Energy Policy. 2017; 109 ():310-323.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIng Liang Wong; Eduardo Krüger. 2017. "Comparing energy efficiency labelling systems in the EU and Brazil: Implications, challenges, barriers and opportunities." Energy Policy 109, no. : 310-323.
Ing Liang Wong. A review of daylighting design and implementation in buildings. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2017, 74, 959 -968.
AMA StyleIng Liang Wong. A review of daylighting design and implementation in buildings. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2017; 74 ():959-968.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIng Liang Wong. 2017. "A review of daylighting design and implementation in buildings." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 74, no. : 959-968.
Purpose – The competition and challenges facing construction firms during the recent recession have brought risk management (RM) to the fore in people’s minds. Examination of the difficulties of implementing RM in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the UK construction industry has been relatively untouched. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – As part of on-going research to facilitate RM processing aimed at improving the competitiveness of SMEs, the difficulties in RM implementation were identified through a literature review of RM implementation in SMEs. Postal questionnaire were sent to SMEs who have experience of construction management. Findings – Of the 153 of SMEs responding, most highlighted that the main difficulty experienced is how to scale RM process to meet their requirements. None of the available standards explain the fundamental principle of applying RM to the situations that SMEs find themselves in. This difficulty is further exacerbated by a lack of management skills and knowledge in the adoption of RM tools or techniques to identify and analyse the business’ risks. Originality/value – The identified difficulties can be considered to develop a process to facilitate RM process within SMEs.
Ali Rostami; James Sommerville; Ing Liang Wong; Cynthia Lee. Risk management implementation in small and medium enterprises in the UK construction industry. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 2015, 22, 91 -107.
AMA StyleAli Rostami, James Sommerville, Ing Liang Wong, Cynthia Lee. Risk management implementation in small and medium enterprises in the UK construction industry. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management. 2015; 22 (1):91-107.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAli Rostami; James Sommerville; Ing Liang Wong; Cynthia Lee. 2015. "Risk management implementation in small and medium enterprises in the UK construction industry." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 22, no. 1: 91-107.
Ing Liang Wong; Philip Eames. A method for calculating the solar transmittance, absorptance and reflectance of a transparent insulation system. Solar Energy 2015, 111, 418 -425.
AMA StyleIng Liang Wong, Philip Eames. A method for calculating the solar transmittance, absorptance and reflectance of a transparent insulation system. Solar Energy. 2015; 111 ():418-425.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIng Liang Wong; Philip Eames. 2015. "A method for calculating the solar transmittance, absorptance and reflectance of a transparent insulation system." Solar Energy 111, no. : 418-425.
Independent learning is a critical learning strategy in higher education, especially in the blended learning environment (BLE). This paper investigates the relevance and suitability of enhanced teaching, learning and assessment (TLA) activities within the BLE and evaluates how these can help postgraduate students to become independent learners at Glasgow Caledonian University. The existing TLA activities of Building Assessment module were reviewed, curriculum redesigned and constructively aligned to learning outcomes. An online survey was carried out to evaluate the appropriateness of TLA activities in developing students’ independent learning skills. Students’ responses on their preferences for module delivery were investigated. Success of TLA activities depends on students’ experience and their familiarity with these activities. Most students agreed that, the use of formative assessment and learning technologies in the BLE was able to develop their independent learning skills; however these activities should be designed and structured properly, with learning supports provided by tutors.
Ing Liang Wong. Developing Independent Learning Skills for Postgraduate Students through Blended Learning Environment. Journal of Cases on Information Technology 2013, 15, 36 -50.
AMA StyleIng Liang Wong. Developing Independent Learning Skills for Postgraduate Students through Blended Learning Environment. Journal of Cases on Information Technology. 2013; 15 (1):36-50.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIng Liang Wong. 2013. "Developing Independent Learning Skills for Postgraduate Students through Blended Learning Environment." Journal of Cases on Information Technology 15, no. 1: 36-50.
Ing Liang Wong; Philip Eames; Srinath Perera. Energy simulations of a transparent‐insulated office façade retrofit in London, UK. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment 2012, 1, 253 -276.
AMA StyleIng Liang Wong, Philip Eames, Srinath Perera. Energy simulations of a transparent‐insulated office façade retrofit in London, UK. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment. 2012; 1 (3):253-276.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIng Liang Wong; Philip Eames; Srinath Perera. 2012. "Energy simulations of a transparent‐insulated office façade retrofit in London, UK." Smart and Sustainable Built Environment 1, no. 3: 253-276.
Transparent insulation systems (TI‐systems) of less than 20cm thick have been developed as an alternative to opaque wall insulation and windows, which provide a financial return to building occupants when applied to building façades. Lack of detailed cost analysis of TI‐systems is a major constraint to the application of TI‐wall and TI‐glazing in buildings. A goal directed life cycle costing (LCC) technique and sensitivity analysis used to evaluate the economic feasibility of TI‐applications in office buildings form the basis of this research. It was undertaken as part of research to determine optimum energy and cost performance of TI‐systems for external cladding of high‐rise and low‐rise office buildings in temperate and tropical climates. The LCC of the buildings with conventional façades were compared with those with TI‐façades. The results show that LCC can be used to evaluate the economic feasibility of low carbon technologies such as TI‐systems effectively. A detailed account is provided of how different sources of cost data can be captured, collected and integrated to perform selective goal directed LCC analysis in the absence of detailed historical LCC data. The use of the goal directed LCC method and cost influence diagram presented in this research can be adopted as a standard method for assessing the economic feasibility of applying low carbon technologies to buildings.
Ing Liang Wong; Srinath Perera; Philip C. Eames. Goal directed life cycle costing as a method to evaluate the economic feasibility of office buildings with conventional and TI?façades. Construction Management and Economics 2010, 28, 715 -735.
AMA StyleIng Liang Wong, Srinath Perera, Philip C. Eames. Goal directed life cycle costing as a method to evaluate the economic feasibility of office buildings with conventional and TI?façades. Construction Management and Economics. 2010; 28 (7):715-735.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIng Liang Wong; Srinath Perera; Philip C. Eames. 2010. "Goal directed life cycle costing as a method to evaluate the economic feasibility of office buildings with conventional and TI?façades." Construction Management and Economics 28, no. 7: 715-735.
Ing Liang Wong. Whole life costing: towards a sustainable built environment. 5th International Conference on Responsive Manufacturing - Green Manufacturing (ICRM 2010) 2010, 1 .
AMA StyleIng Liang Wong. Whole life costing: towards a sustainable built environment. 5th International Conference on Responsive Manufacturing - Green Manufacturing (ICRM 2010). 2010; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIng Liang Wong. 2010. "Whole life costing: towards a sustainable built environment." 5th International Conference on Responsive Manufacturing - Green Manufacturing (ICRM 2010) , no. : 1.
Ing Liang Wong; P.C. Eames; R.S. Perera. A review of transparent insulation systems and the evaluation of payback period for building applications. Solar Energy 2007, 81, 1058 -1071.
AMA StyleIng Liang Wong, P.C. Eames, R.S. Perera. A review of transparent insulation systems and the evaluation of payback period for building applications. Solar Energy. 2007; 81 (9):1058-1071.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIng Liang Wong; P.C. Eames; R.S. Perera. 2007. "A review of transparent insulation systems and the evaluation of payback period for building applications." Solar Energy 81, no. 9: 1058-1071.