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The development and optimization of a hybrid system composed of photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, converters, and batteries connected to the grid, is first presented. To generate the maximum power, two maximum power point tracker controllers based on fuzzy logic are required and a battery controller is used for the regulation of the DC voltage. When the power source varies, a high-voltage supply is incorporated (high gain DC-DC converter controlled by fuzzy logic) to boost the 24 V provided by the DC bus to the inverter voltage of about 400 V and to reduce energy losses to maximize the system performance. The inverter and the LCL filter allow for the integration of this hybrid system with AC loads and the grid. Moreover, a hardware solution for the field programmable gate arrays-based implementation of the controllers is proposed. The combination of these controllers was synthesized using the Integrated Synthesis Environment Design Suite software (Version: 14.7, City: Tunis, Country: Tunisia) and was successfully implemented on Field Programmable Gate Arrays Spartan 3E. The innovative design provides a suitable architecture based on power converters and control strategies that are dedicated to the proposed hybrid system to ensure system reliability. This implementation can provide a high level of flexibility that can facilitate the upgrade of a control system by simply updating or modifying the proposed algorithm running on the field programmable gate arrays board. The simulation results, using Matlab/Simulink (Version: 2016b, City: Tunis, Country: Tunisia, verify the efficiency of the proposed solution when the environmental conditions change. This study focused on the development and optimization of an electrical system control strategy to manage the produced energy and to coordinate the performance of the hybrid energy system. The paper proposes a combined photovoltaic and wind energy system, supported by a battery acting as an energy storage system. In addition, a bi-directional converter charges/discharges the battery, while a high-voltage gain converter connects them to the DC bus. The use of a battery is useful to compensate for the mismatch between the power demanded by the load and the power generated by the hybrid energy systems. The proposed field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)-based controllers ensure a fast time response by making control executable in real time.
Mohamed Allani; Jamel Riahi; Silvano Vergura; Abdelkader Mami. FPGA-Based Controller for a Hybrid Grid-Connected PV/Wind/Battery Power System with AC Load. Energies 2021, 14, 2108 .
AMA StyleMohamed Allani, Jamel Riahi, Silvano Vergura, Abdelkader Mami. FPGA-Based Controller for a Hybrid Grid-Connected PV/Wind/Battery Power System with AC Load. Energies. 2021; 14 (8):2108.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamed Allani; Jamel Riahi; Silvano Vergura; Abdelkader Mami. 2021. "FPGA-Based Controller for a Hybrid Grid-Connected PV/Wind/Battery Power System with AC Load." Energies 14, no. 8: 2108.
The technological development of photovoltaic (PV) devices (perovskite-based or bifacial modules, etc.) has progressed considerably, but the commercial PV modules do not show analogous improvements and their efficiency is still low. Therefore, a diagnostic tool that can check the current operation of installed PV modules and their aging is important. In this scenario, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), equipped with a camera, infrared (IR) camera, or both, represents a new avenue for the fast evaluation of faults for large or not easily accessible PV plants and the discovery of defective PV modules. Thermography has the advantage of not disconnecting the PV system during the inspection. Nevertheless, some specific parameters, such as the emissivity, the reflected temperature, and the resolution, are fixed during the acquisition, even if their values are dependent on the mutual position (distance and angle) between the IR camera and the PV modules. The movement of the UAV, equipped with an IR camera, modifies the position of the IR camera, and due to this movement, the values of the parameters can be incorrect during acquisition, which also results in errors in the radiometric map. In this article, we explore these issues and provide suggestions to ensure the correct acquisition and reading of thermal images of PV modules.
Silvano Vergura. Correct Settings of a Joint Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and Infrared Camera System for the Detection of Faulty Photovoltaic Modules. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 2020, 11, 124 -130.
AMA StyleSilvano Vergura. Correct Settings of a Joint Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and Infrared Camera System for the Detection of Faulty Photovoltaic Modules. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics. 2020; 11 (1):124-130.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilvano Vergura. 2020. "Correct Settings of a Joint Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and Infrared Camera System for the Detection of Faulty Photovoltaic Modules." IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 11, no. 1: 124-130.
Monitoring the performance of a photovoltaic (PV) system when environmental parameters are not available is very difficult. Comparing the energy datasets of the arrays belonging to the same PV plant is one strategy. If the extension of a PV plant is limited, all the arrays are subjected to the same environmental conditions. Therefore, identical arrays produce the same energy amount, whatever the solar radiation and cell temperature. This is valid for small- to medium-rated power PV plants (3–50 kWp) and, moreover, this typology of PV plants sometimes is not equipped with a meteorological sensor system. This paper presents a supervision methodology based on comparing the average energy of each array and the average energy of the whole PV plant. To detect low-intensity anomalies before they become failures, the variability of the energy produced by each array is monitored by using the Bollinger Bands (BB) method. This is a statistical tool developed in the financial field to evaluate the stock price volatility. This paper introduces two modifications in the standard BB method: the exponential moving average (EMA) instead of the simple moving average (SMA), and the size of the width of BB, set to three times the standard deviation instead of four times. Until the produced energy of each array is contained in the BB, a serious anomaly is not present. A case study based on a real operating 19.8 kWp PV plant is discussed.
Silvano Vergura. Bollinger Bands Based on Exponential Moving Average for Statistical Monitoring of Multi-Array Photovoltaic Systems. Energies 2020, 13, 3992 .
AMA StyleSilvano Vergura. Bollinger Bands Based on Exponential Moving Average for Statistical Monitoring of Multi-Array Photovoltaic Systems. Energies. 2020; 13 (15):3992.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilvano Vergura. 2020. "Bollinger Bands Based on Exponential Moving Average for Statistical Monitoring of Multi-Array Photovoltaic Systems." Energies 13, no. 15: 3992.
An agricultural greenhouse is a complex and Multi-Input Multi-Output MIMO system in which the internal parameters create a favorable microclimate for agricultural production. Temperature and internal humidity are two parameters that have a major impact on greenhouse yield. The objective of this study was to propose a simulated dynamic model in a MATLAB/Simulink environment for experimental validation. Moreover, a fuzzy controller was designed to manage a greenhouse indoor climate by means of an asynchronous motor for ventilation, heating, humidification, etc. An intelligent system to control these actuators for an optimal inside climate was implemented in the model. The dynamic model was validated by comparing the simulation results to experimental measurements. These results showed the effectiveness of the control strategy in regulating the greenhouse indoor climate. Finally, a photovoltaic generator was modeled, with the aim of reducing the costs of agricultural production. It feeds the asynchronous motor with a vector control optimized by fuzzy logic that drives a variable speed fan.
Jamel Riahi; Silvano Vergura; Dhafer Mezghani; Abdelkader Mami. Intelligent Control of the Microclimate of an Agricultural Greenhouse Powered by a Supporting PV System. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 1350 .
AMA StyleJamel Riahi, Silvano Vergura, Dhafer Mezghani, Abdelkader Mami. Intelligent Control of the Microclimate of an Agricultural Greenhouse Powered by a Supporting PV System. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (4):1350.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJamel Riahi; Silvano Vergura; Dhafer Mezghani; Abdelkader Mami. 2020. "Intelligent Control of the Microclimate of an Agricultural Greenhouse Powered by a Supporting PV System." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4: 1350.
The actual trend for remote area is to use a microgrid composed of one or more photovoltaic plants and storage systems. To develop this kind of solution, one of the fundamental steps is to model the system through a software tool. The main goal of this paper is to propose a detail methodology and a tool to simulate a small-scale energy production. The microgrid is isolated and modeled in DC current, including the following components: photovoltaic modules, converters, MPPT algorithm, storage system and a DC load. The model is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink environment. Two scenarios are simulated to cover the main control objective, i.e. the equilibrium between power production and load demand through DC bus. The second scenario also tries to maximize the power production. Another achievement of this paper is the discussion about the Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS), using supercapacitor to avoid stress on the battery. The microgrid is sized and simulated for an household of ten houses, fixing energy and power consumption for the city Porto Cesareo. This work covers the whole simulation process of a microgrid and could be an interesting base to develope more complex DC microgrid structures in the future.
Kevin Longo; Silvano Vergura. Model and control of a combined PV-storage system into a microgrid. 2019 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2019 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe) 2019, 1 -6.
AMA StyleKevin Longo, Silvano Vergura. Model and control of a combined PV-storage system into a microgrid. 2019 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2019 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe). 2019; ():1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKevin Longo; Silvano Vergura. 2019. "Model and control of a combined PV-storage system into a microgrid." 2019 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2019 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe) , no. : 1-6.
The paper proposes a cloud platform for analyzing the radiometric infrared videos uploaded by drones which patrol large photovoltaic plants. Thanks to artificial vision algorithms, it does not require any human support to select and associate the framed PV modules to the corresponding ones in the topology of the photovoltaic plant. The algorithm implements an innovative diagnostic protocol, which evaluates the thermal state of the photovoltaic module, whichever the environmental conditions are. The data automatically computed and collected in a multimedia database provide the O&M technicians with significant information to monitor the ageing of each module of the photovoltaic plant. The proposed platform also integrates a cloud-based software, named DISS, which provides quantitative and deeper information about the thermal behavior of the photovoltaic modules.
Silvano Vergura; FrancescoMaria Marino; Pietro Romano. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Based Non Destructive Diagnostics. 2018 IEEE 4th International Forum on Research and Technology for Society and Industry (RTSI) 2018, 1 -5.
AMA StyleSilvano Vergura, FrancescoMaria Marino, Pietro Romano. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Based Non Destructive Diagnostics. 2018 IEEE 4th International Forum on Research and Technology for Society and Industry (RTSI). 2018; ():1-5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilvano Vergura; FrancescoMaria Marino; Pietro Romano. 2018. "Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Based Non Destructive Diagnostics." 2018 IEEE 4th International Forum on Research and Technology for Society and Industry (RTSI) , no. : 1-5.
The concept of a smart city includes a high degree of information technology integration, but goes beyond the use of ICT for better resource use and less emissions.
Pierluigi Siano; Isam Shahrour; Silvano Vergura. Introducing Smart Cities: A Transdisciplinary Journal on the Science and Technology of Smart Cities. Smart Cities 2018, 1, 1 -3.
AMA StylePierluigi Siano, Isam Shahrour, Silvano Vergura. Introducing Smart Cities: A Transdisciplinary Journal on the Science and Technology of Smart Cities. Smart Cities. 2018; 1 (1):1-3.
Chicago/Turabian StylePierluigi Siano; Isam Shahrour; Silvano Vergura. 2018. "Introducing Smart Cities: A Transdisciplinary Journal on the Science and Technology of Smart Cities." Smart Cities 1, no. 1: 1-3.
The paper is focused on the energy performance of the photovoltaic systems constituted by several arrays. The main idea is to compare the statistical distributions of the energy dataset of the arrays. For small-medium-size photovoltaic plant, the environmental conditions affect equally all the arrays, so the comparative procedure is independent from the solar radiation and the cell temperature; therefore, it can also be applied to a photovoltaic plant not equipped by a weather station. If the procedure is iterated and new energy data are added at each new run, the analysis becomes cumulative and allows following the trend of some benchmarks. The methodology is based on an algorithm, which suggests the user, step by step, the suitable statistical tool to use. The first one is the Hartigan’s dip test that is able to discriminate the unimodal distribution from the multimodal one. This stage is very important to decide whether a parametric test can be used or not, because the parametric tests—based on known distributions—are usually more performing than the nonparametric ones. The procedure is effective in detecting and locating abnormal operating conditions, before they become failures. A case study is proposed, based on a real operating photovoltaic plant. Three periods are separately analyzed: one month, six months, and one year.
Silvano Vergura. A Statistical Tool to Detect and Locate Abnormal Operating Conditions in Photovoltaic Systems. Sustainability 2018, 10, 608 .
AMA StyleSilvano Vergura. A Statistical Tool to Detect and Locate Abnormal Operating Conditions in Photovoltaic Systems. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (3):608.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilvano Vergura. 2018. "A Statistical Tool to Detect and Locate Abnormal Operating Conditions in Photovoltaic Systems." Sustainability 10, no. 3: 608.
This paper deals with the monitoring of the performance of a photovoltaic plant, without using the environmental parameters such as the solar radiation and the temperature. The main idea is to statistically compare the energy performances of the arrays constituting the PV plant. In fact, the environmental conditions affect equally all the arrays of a small-medium-size PV plant, because the extension of the plant is limited, so any comparison between the energy distributions of identical arrays is independent of the solar radiation and the cell temperature, making the proposed methodology very effective for PV plants not equipped with a weather station, as it often happens for the PV plants located in urban contexts and having a nominal peak power in the 3÷50 kWp range, typically installed on the roof of a residential or industrial building. In this case, the costs of an advanced monitoring system based on the environmental data are not justified, consequently, the weather station is often also omitted. The proposed procedure guides the user through several inferential statistical tools that allow verifying whether the arrays have produced the same amount of energy or, alternatively, which is the worst array. The procedure is effective in detecting and locating abnormal operating conditions, before they become failures.
Silvano Vergura. Hypothesis Tests-Based Analysis for Anomaly Detection in Photovoltaic Systems in the Absence of Environmental Parameters. Energies 2018, 11, 485 .
AMA StyleSilvano Vergura. Hypothesis Tests-Based Analysis for Anomaly Detection in Photovoltaic Systems in the Absence of Environmental Parameters. Energies. 2018; 11 (3):485.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilvano Vergura. 2018. "Hypothesis Tests-Based Analysis for Anomaly Detection in Photovoltaic Systems in the Absence of Environmental Parameters." Energies 11, no. 3: 485.
The recent technological realization of perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with two reference layers has opened a new route for scaling the overall size of spin-transfer torque magnetic random-access memory. This is because, for an antiparallel configuration of the magnetization of the reference layers, the two spin-transfer torques add constructively, giving rise to more efficient switching processes of the free layer magnetization as compared to a single MTJ. We use full micromagnetic simulations to study the magnetization switching of a double MTJ. The probability distribution function (PDF) of the switching time is the same for both switching processes (parallel to antiparallel and vice versa), and the PDF approaches a Gaussian shape for switching time smaller than 1 ns. The dynamical performance (achieved for switching time below 1 ns) of double MTJs with circular shape and diameter ranging from 30 to 14 nm is comparable. Compared to full micromagnetic data, computations of the PDF within the macrospin approximation show an overestimation of the skewness for MTJ with circular shape and diameter of 30 and 20 nm, whereas they are very close for 14 nm diameter, as expected. The proper micromagnetic model and a PDF comparison can drive the design of hybrid magnetic-CMOS systems.
Mario Carpentieri; Riccardo Tomasello; Silvano Vergura; Francesca Garesci; Giulio Siracusano; Massimiliano D'aquino; Giovanni Finocchio. Micromagnetic Analysis of Statistical Switching in Perpendicular Magnetic Tunnel Junctions With Double Reference Layers. IEEE Magnetics Letters 2018, 9, 1 -5.
AMA StyleMario Carpentieri, Riccardo Tomasello, Silvano Vergura, Francesca Garesci, Giulio Siracusano, Massimiliano D'aquino, Giovanni Finocchio. Micromagnetic Analysis of Statistical Switching in Perpendicular Magnetic Tunnel Junctions With Double Reference Layers. IEEE Magnetics Letters. 2018; 9 ():1-5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMario Carpentieri; Riccardo Tomasello; Silvano Vergura; Francesca Garesci; Giulio Siracusano; Massimiliano D'aquino; Giovanni Finocchio. 2018. "Micromagnetic Analysis of Statistical Switching in Perpendicular Magnetic Tunnel Junctions With Double Reference Layers." IEEE Magnetics Letters 9, no. : 1-5.
The modern Power Distribution Systems (PDS) operate more and more often with distributed generators and the optimal operation of the utility distribution systems has to take into account the possibility of bi-directional energy flows, although this event may only occur for some of the PDS. For this reason, the analysis methods that are usually employed to investigate the electrical behavior of the PDS can be more or less effective, depending on the typology of electrical loads connected to the line and on the presence or absence of Renewable Energy Sources (RES). This paper proposes either a methodology to select the best performing mathematical tool to investigate the electrical behavior of the PDS—depending on their linearity and stationarity—either an index to discriminate the PDS on the basis of a different amount of PV penetration. The proposed approach is applied to three real cases of PDS with different characteristics: residential and commercial, in the presence or absence of PV plants. In addition, two indices that are able to characterize the PDS in terms of periodicity and disturbance of the electrical signal are considered, specifically the phase coherence between two arbitrary signals and the phase coherence between an arbitrary signal and a reference one. The combined use of these indices can give valuable information about the degree of non-linearity and can be a measure of the PV penetration in a distribution circuit.
Silvano Vergura; Mario Carpentieri. Phase Coherence Index, HHT and Wavelet Analysis to Extract Features from Active and Passive Distribution Networks. Applied Sciences 2018, 8, 71 .
AMA StyleSilvano Vergura, Mario Carpentieri. Phase Coherence Index, HHT and Wavelet Analysis to Extract Features from Active and Passive Distribution Networks. Applied Sciences. 2018; 8 (1):71.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilvano Vergura; Mario Carpentieri. 2018. "Phase Coherence Index, HHT and Wavelet Analysis to Extract Features from Active and Passive Distribution Networks." Applied Sciences 8, no. 1: 71.
The aim of this paper is the monitoring of the energy performance of Photovoltaic (PV) plants in order to detect the presence of low-intensity anomalies, before they become failures or faults. The approach is based on several statistical tools, which are applied iteratively as the data are acquired. At every loop, new data are added to the previous ones, and a proposed procedure is applied to the new dataset, therefore the analysis is carried out on cumulative data. In this way, it is possible to track some specific parameters and to monitor that identical arrays in the same operating conditions produce the same energy. The procedure is based on parametric (ANOVA) and non-parametric tests, and results effective in locating anomalies. Three cumulative case studies, based on a real operating PV plant, are analyzed.
Silvano Vergura; Mario Carpentieri. Statistics to Detect Low-Intensity Anomalies in PV Systems. Energies 2017, 11, 30 .
AMA StyleSilvano Vergura, Mario Carpentieri. Statistics to Detect Low-Intensity Anomalies in PV Systems. Energies. 2017; 11 (1):30.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilvano Vergura; Mario Carpentieri. 2017. "Statistics to Detect Low-Intensity Anomalies in PV Systems." Energies 11, no. 1: 30.
A comparison between the experimental current-voltage (I-V) and power-voltage (P-V) characteristics of PhotoVoltaic (PV) modules, and the prediction of an explicit empirical model has been carried out. The model consists of an explicit expression for the current as a function of the voltage; the only inputs are the parameters that are always directly available in the manufacturer’s datasheet. The comparison was carried out on four representative PV technologies, based on polycrystalline Si, Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin layer (HIT), Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS), and Cadmium Telluride (CdTe). The comparison reveals that the model replicates the experimental I-V and P-V curves to a very good degree of accuracy for the considered operating conditions and PV technologies. This validation sets a turning point in PV modelling, as it enables a reliable use of this accessible model.
A. Massi Pavan; Silvano Vergura; A. Mellit; V. Lughi. Explicit empirical model for photovoltaic devices. Experimental validation. Solar Energy 2017, 155, 647 -653.
AMA StyleA. Massi Pavan, Silvano Vergura, A. Mellit, V. Lughi. Explicit empirical model for photovoltaic devices. Experimental validation. Solar Energy. 2017; 155 ():647-653.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Massi Pavan; Silvano Vergura; A. Mellit; V. Lughi. 2017. "Explicit empirical model for photovoltaic devices. Experimental validation." Solar Energy 155, no. : 647-653.
The paper proposes an approach to study the electrical behavior of distribution lines belonging to smart grids and to evaluate the penetration of photovoltaic plants. When a large amount of the electrical power coming from distributed generators feds a distribution line, several issues can appear and, in general, they are not planned during the design of the electrical line. In the last years, the issues due to the bidirectional flows of the energy are a hot topic and many efforts are being made to model and characterize them. We propose two indices able to characterize any distribution line in terms of linearity and periodicity of the electrical signal. Moreover, in case of more lines with different amount of photovoltaic power, these indices allow to detect the different contribution of the PV plants.
S. Vergura; M. Carpentieri. PV penetration in distribution lines of smart grids. 2017 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2017 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe) 2017, 1 -6.
AMA StyleS. Vergura, M. Carpentieri. PV penetration in distribution lines of smart grids. 2017 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2017 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe). 2017; ():1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. Vergura; M. Carpentieri. 2017. "PV penetration in distribution lines of smart grids." 2017 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2017 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe) , no. : 1-6.
The paper, starting from the evolution of the worldwide renewable capacity that highlights the increasing growth of the photovoltaics and wind power, focuses the attention on the levelized cost of energy of the two technologies. The case of Italy is proposed, because the Italian feed-in tariff has allowed a rapid increase of the installed photovoltaic and wind plants. A comparison of the levelized cost of energy among PV plants, wind plants and other technologies evidences that these technologies are now competitive.
A. Massi Pavan; V. Lughi; P. Rosato; Filippo Spertino; S. Vergura. Diminishing cost of electricity from wind power and photovoltaics. 2017 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2017 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe) 2017, 1 -4.
AMA StyleA. Massi Pavan, V. Lughi, P. Rosato, Filippo Spertino, S. Vergura. Diminishing cost of electricity from wind power and photovoltaics. 2017 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2017 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe). 2017; ():1-4.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Massi Pavan; V. Lughi; P. Rosato; Filippo Spertino; S. Vergura. 2017. "Diminishing cost of electricity from wind power and photovoltaics." 2017 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2017 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe) , no. : 1-4.
Although recent laboratory tests are showing promising progresses in the materials and production technologies of photovoltaic (PV) devices, the commercial PV modules do not show analogous impressive improvements. Therefore, a diagnostic approach, able to check the current state of health of already installed PV systems, as well as their trend of ageing, assumes a strategic importance. In this scenario, we introduce a thermography-based diagnostics able to provide a detailed, clear, and unambiguous information, thanks to a computer-aided investigation that is much deeper than the today available infrared analysis. The proposed approach allows a numerical and qualitative evaluation of each cell of the PV device. This Part I-Framework introduces the methodology, based on two main analyses. The first one (cell analysis) studies each single cell, while the second one ( cluster analysis) focuses the attention on groups of PV cells. The framework is also characterized by a preprocessing in which the region of interest is extracted from the infrared image in order to focus the successive processing and analyses only on this area. The Part II-Platform and Results shows the cloud platform implementing the workflow (it automatically generates a comprehensive and detailed report), and discusses also several significant cases of study.
Silvano Vergura; FrancescoMaria Marino. Quantitative and Computer-Aided Thermography-Based Diagnostics for PV Devices: Part I—Framework. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 2017, 7, 822 -827.
AMA StyleSilvano Vergura, FrancescoMaria Marino. Quantitative and Computer-Aided Thermography-Based Diagnostics for PV Devices: Part I—Framework. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics. 2017; 7 (3):822-827.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilvano Vergura; FrancescoMaria Marino. 2017. "Quantitative and Computer-Aided Thermography-Based Diagnostics for PV Devices: Part I—Framework." IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 7, no. 3: 822-827.
The analysis of electrical signals is a pressing requirement for the optimal design of power distribution. In this context, this paper illustrates how to use a variety of numerical tools, such as the Fourier, wavelet, and Hilbert-Huang transforms, to obtain information relating to the active and reactive power absorbed by different types of users. In particular, the Fourier spectrum gives the most important frequency components of the electrical signals, and the wavelet analysis highlights the non-stationarity of those frequency contributions, whereas the Hilbert-Huang transform, by means of the Empirical Mode Decomposition, provides a more complete spectrum of frequencies.
Vito Puliafito; Silvano Vergura; Mario Carpentieri. Fourier, Wavelet, and Hilbert-Huang Transforms for Studying Electrical Users in the Time and Frequency Domain. Energies 2017, 10, 188 .
AMA StyleVito Puliafito, Silvano Vergura, Mario Carpentieri. Fourier, Wavelet, and Hilbert-Huang Transforms for Studying Electrical Users in the Time and Frequency Domain. Energies. 2017; 10 (2):188.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVito Puliafito; Silvano Vergura; Mario Carpentieri. 2017. "Fourier, Wavelet, and Hilbert-Huang Transforms for Studying Electrical Users in the Time and Frequency Domain." Energies 10, no. 2: 188.
We discuss about the possibility of reproducing the behavior of a magnetic material at micromagnetic scale with a phenomenological vector model of hysteresis based on the definition of a vector hysteron. Data computed by means of two different static magnetic models are compared. The former is based on the solution of Brown's equation (micromagnetic scale). The latter is a vector generalization of the Classical Scalar Preisach Model (macromagnetic scale). We show that the magnetization vs. applied field curves computed by both models are in good agreement, and that the macromagnetic-scale model is able to reproduce the physical behavior of the magnetic materials at micromagnetic scale. The vector model can also take into account of multidomains structures because each hysteron is associated to one domain of the nanostructure. The assembly of hysterons reproduces with satisfactory accuracy and extremely reduced computational time the hysteretic behavior of the nanostructure computed by micromagnetic simulations.
M. Carpentieri; S. Vergura; V. Puliafito; G. Finocchio. Vector hysteresis model to describe micromagnetic structures. 2016 IEEE 2nd International Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry Leveraging a better tomorrow (RTSI) 2016, 1 -4.
AMA StyleM. Carpentieri, S. Vergura, V. Puliafito, G. Finocchio. Vector hysteresis model to describe micromagnetic structures. 2016 IEEE 2nd International Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry Leveraging a better tomorrow (RTSI). 2016; ():1-4.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Carpentieri; S. Vergura; V. Puliafito; G. Finocchio. 2016. "Vector hysteresis model to describe micromagnetic structures." 2016 IEEE 2nd International Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry Leveraging a better tomorrow (RTSI) , no. : 1-4.
The Duffing oscillator represents an important model to describe mathematically the nonlinear behavior of several phenomena occurring in physics and engineering. In this paper, analytical and numerical solutions to the nonlinear cubic Duffing equation governing the time behaviour of an electrical signal are found as a function of the magnitude and of the sign of the nonlinear parameter, of the damping parameter and for different values of the forcing term. A stability analysis of the Duffing equation in the absence of the forcing term is also performed as a function of the sign and magnitude of the nonlinear parameter. A fitting procedure of the Duffing solution to the current signal flowing in different distribution lines allows us to determine the degree of nonlinearity of the electrical signal suggesting a potential way to quantify the nonlinear behaviour of current electrical signals.
Roberto Zivieri; Silvano Vergura; Mario Carpentieri. Analytical and numerical solution to the nonlinear cubic Duffing equation: An application to electrical signal analysis of distribution lines. Applied Mathematical Modelling 2016, 40, 9152 -9164.
AMA StyleRoberto Zivieri, Silvano Vergura, Mario Carpentieri. Analytical and numerical solution to the nonlinear cubic Duffing equation: An application to electrical signal analysis of distribution lines. Applied Mathematical Modelling. 2016; 40 (21-22):9152-9164.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoberto Zivieri; Silvano Vergura; Mario Carpentieri. 2016. "Analytical and numerical solution to the nonlinear cubic Duffing equation: An application to electrical signal analysis of distribution lines." Applied Mathematical Modelling 40, no. 21-22: 9152-9164.
This paper, Part II, deals with the software platform that implements the workflow described in Part I, i.e., a thermography-based diagnostics able to provide a detailed, clear, and unambiguous information on the health state of photovoltaic (PV) modules. The methodology, in fact, allows a numerical and qualitative evaluation of each cell of the PV module. In particular, this paper deeply describes the main features of the software platform and introduces the graphical user interface that makes the framework efficiently and effectively adoptable since it leads to the automatic generation of a report. In order to show the manifold features, three cases of study, which have been derived from a real monitoring survey, are discussed, highlighting the critical situations revealed neither with a direct observation of the infrared image nor with its manual processing: The first case in regard to a defected PV module and the second one an almost completely uniform module, while the third one deals with a dishomogeneous module.
Silvano Vergura; Marco Colaprico; Maria Francesca De Ruvo; FrancescoMaria Marino. A Quantitative and Computer-Aided Thermography-Based Diagnostics for PV Devices—Part II: Platform and Results. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 2016, 7, 237 -243.
AMA StyleSilvano Vergura, Marco Colaprico, Maria Francesca De Ruvo, FrancescoMaria Marino. A Quantitative and Computer-Aided Thermography-Based Diagnostics for PV Devices—Part II: Platform and Results. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics. 2016; 7 (1):237-243.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilvano Vergura; Marco Colaprico; Maria Francesca De Ruvo; FrancescoMaria Marino. 2016. "A Quantitative and Computer-Aided Thermography-Based Diagnostics for PV Devices—Part II: Platform and Results." IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 7, no. 1: 237-243.