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The growth of agricultural mechanization has promoted an increase in raspberry production, and for this reason, the best postharvest storage and processing techniques capable of maintaining the health beneficial properties of these perishable berry fruits have been widely studied. Indeed, raspberries are a rich source of bioactive chemical compounds (e.g., ellagitannins, anthocyanins, and ascorbic acid), but these can be altered by postharvest storage and processing techniques before consumption. Although there are clear differences in storage times and techniques, the content of bioactive chemical compounds is relatively stable with some minor changes in ascorbic acid or anthocyanin content during cold (5 °C) or frozen storage. In the literature, processing techniques such as juicing or drying have negatively affected the content of bioactive chemical compounds. Among drying techniques, hot air (oven) drying is the process that alters the content of bioactive chemical compounds the most. For this reason, new drying technologies such as microwave and heat pumps have been developed. These novel techniques are more successful in retaining bioactive chemical compounds with respect to conventional hot air drying. This mini-review surveys recent literature concerning the effects of postharvest storage and processing techniques on raspberry bioactive chemical compound content.
Ermes Piccolo; Leani Martìnez Garcìa; Marco Landi; Lucia Guidi; Rossano Massai; Damiano Remorini. Influences of Postharvest Storage and Processing Techniques on Antioxidant and Nutraceutical Properties of Rubus idaeus L.: A Mini-Review. Horticulturae 2020, 6, 105 .
AMA StyleErmes Piccolo, Leani Martìnez Garcìa, Marco Landi, Lucia Guidi, Rossano Massai, Damiano Remorini. Influences of Postharvest Storage and Processing Techniques on Antioxidant and Nutraceutical Properties of Rubus idaeus L.: A Mini-Review. Horticulturae. 2020; 6 (4):105.
Chicago/Turabian StyleErmes Piccolo; Leani Martìnez Garcìa; Marco Landi; Lucia Guidi; Rossano Massai; Damiano Remorini. 2020. "Influences of Postharvest Storage and Processing Techniques on Antioxidant and Nutraceutical Properties of Rubus idaeus L.: A Mini-Review." Horticulturae 6, no. 4: 105.
In deciduous fruit species, floral bud initiation, differentiation and organogenesis take place during the summer–autumn season that precedes anthesis. Among factors able to modify the regularity of these processes, water availability represents a crucial aspect. This investigation aimed to assess the influence of different summer and autumn water deficit and re-watering treatments on floral morphogenesis, xylem vessel differentiation and quality of flower buds. Trials were carried out on two-year-old potted apricot trees (cv. ‘Portici’) which were submitted to different regimes: (i) fully irrigated plants; (ii) stressed plants in June (S1), July (S2) and October (S3) followed to re-watering. Midday stem water potential was used to determine water status, and leaf gas exchanges were measured during trials. Histological analyses on floral differentiation, xylem progression within flower buds and biological observations were carried out. Both summer water stress periods affected the floral differentiation leading to a temporary shutdown. The S1 trees were able to recover the development of meristematic apices while S2 had a strong delay. All drought treatments caused a slower xylem progression, variations in bud size, blooming entity and flower anomalies. Results particularly highlights the importance of water availability also in early autumn.
Susanna Bartolini; Ermes Lo Piccolo; Damiano Remorini. Different Summer and Autumn Water Deficit Affect the Floral Differentiation and Flower Bud Growth in Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.). Agronomy 2020, 10, 914 .
AMA StyleSusanna Bartolini, Ermes Lo Piccolo, Damiano Remorini. Different Summer and Autumn Water Deficit Affect the Floral Differentiation and Flower Bud Growth in Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.). Agronomy. 2020; 10 (6):914.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSusanna Bartolini; Ermes Lo Piccolo; Damiano Remorini. 2020. "Different Summer and Autumn Water Deficit Affect the Floral Differentiation and Flower Bud Growth in Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.)." Agronomy 10, no. 6: 914.
The feedback regulation of photosynthesis depends on the cooperation of multiple signals, including sugars. Herein, the effect of shoot girdling was monitored on a daily basis for three days in green- and red-leafed Prunus cerasifera plants (GLP and RLP, respectively). The effect of anthocyanin presence was investigated in terms of photosynthesis, sugar metabolism and photoprotection. Net photosynthesis (A390) and stomatal conductance were reduced on the first day at 12:00 only in the girdled GLP (29 and 33 %, respectively). Moreover, the girdled GLP displayed at 12:00 higher sucrose, glucose and fructose concentrations than control leaves. Conversely, girdled RLP showed the first reduction of A390 at 18:00, with no significant differences at 12:00 in sucrose and glucose concentrations. The increased biosynthesis of anthocyanins that was only detected in girdled RLP contributed to lowering the accumulation of hexoses. Overall, these results revealed a sugar-buffering role exerted by anthocyanins that positively influence the feedback regulation of photosynthesis. Moreover, non-photochemical quenching, namely pNPQ, revealed the ability of anthocyanins to photoprotect photosystem II from supernumerary photons reaching the chloroplast, whose function was compromised by girdling. The present study provides a starting point to understand the possible link between photosynthesis regulation through sugar signalling and anthocyanin upregulation.
Ermes Lo Piccolo; Marco Landi; Rossano Massai; Damiano Remorini; Lucia Guidi. Girled-induced anthocyanin accumulation in red-leafed Prunus cerasifera: Effect on photosynthesis, photoprotection and sugar metabolism. Plant Science 2020, 294, 110456 .
AMA StyleErmes Lo Piccolo, Marco Landi, Rossano Massai, Damiano Remorini, Lucia Guidi. Girled-induced anthocyanin accumulation in red-leafed Prunus cerasifera: Effect on photosynthesis, photoprotection and sugar metabolism. Plant Science. 2020; 294 ():110456.
Chicago/Turabian StyleErmes Lo Piccolo; Marco Landi; Rossano Massai; Damiano Remorini; Lucia Guidi. 2020. "Girled-induced anthocyanin accumulation in red-leafed Prunus cerasifera: Effect on photosynthesis, photoprotection and sugar metabolism." Plant Science 294, no. : 110456.
The final stage of leaf ontogenesis is represented by senescence, a highly regulated process driven by a sequential cellular breakdown involving, as the first step, chloroplast dismantling with consequent reduction of photosynthetic efficiency. Different processes, such as pigment accumulation, could protect the vulnerable photosynthetic apparatus of senescent leaves. Although several studies have produced transcriptomic data on foliar senescence, just few works have attempted to explain differences in red and green leaves throughout ontogenesis. In this work, a transcriptomic approach was used on green and red leaves of Prunus cerasifera to unveil molecular differences from leaf maturity to senescence. Our analysis revealed a higher gene regulation in red leaves compared to green ones, during leaf transition. Most of the observed DEGs were shared and involved in transcription factor activities, senescing processes and cell wall remodelling. Significant differences were detected in cellular functions: genes related to photosystem I and II were highly down-regulated in the green genotype, whereas transcripts involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, such as UDP glucose-flavonoid-3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT) were exclusively up-regulated in red leaves. In addition, cellular functions involved in stress response (glutathione-S-transferase, Pathogen-Related) and sugar metabolism, such as three threalose-6-phosphate synthases, were activated in senescent red leaves. In conclusion, data suggests that P. cerasifera red genotypes can regulate a set of genes and molecular mechanisms that cope with senescence, promoting more advantages during leaf ontogenesis than compared to the green ones.
Alberto Vangelisti; Lucia Guidi; Andrea Cavallini; Lucia Natali; Ermes Lo Piccolo; Marco Landi; Giacomo Lorenzini; Fernando Malorgio; Rossano Massai; Cristina Nali; Elisa Pellegrini; Giovanni Rallo; Damiano Remorini; Paolo Vernieri; Tommaso Giordani. Red versus green leaves: transcriptomic comparison of foliar senescence between two Prunus cerasifera genotypes. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 1959 -11.
AMA StyleAlberto Vangelisti, Lucia Guidi, Andrea Cavallini, Lucia Natali, Ermes Lo Piccolo, Marco Landi, Giacomo Lorenzini, Fernando Malorgio, Rossano Massai, Cristina Nali, Elisa Pellegrini, Giovanni Rallo, Damiano Remorini, Paolo Vernieri, Tommaso Giordani. Red versus green leaves: transcriptomic comparison of foliar senescence between two Prunus cerasifera genotypes. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):1959-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlberto Vangelisti; Lucia Guidi; Andrea Cavallini; Lucia Natali; Ermes Lo Piccolo; Marco Landi; Giacomo Lorenzini; Fernando Malorgio; Rossano Massai; Cristina Nali; Elisa Pellegrini; Giovanni Rallo; Damiano Remorini; Paolo Vernieri; Tommaso Giordani. 2020. "Red versus green leaves: transcriptomic comparison of foliar senescence between two Prunus cerasifera genotypes." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 1959-11.
Salinity alters VOC profile in emitter sweet basil plants. Airborne signals by emitter plants promote earlier flowering of receivers and increase their reproductive success under salinity. Airborne signals can prime neighboring plants against pathogen and/or herbivore attacks, whilst little is known about the possibility that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by stressed plants alert neighboring plants against abiotic stressors. Salt stress (50 mM NaCl) was imposed on Ocimum basilicum L. plants (emitters, namely NaCl), and a putative alerting-priming interaction was tested on neighboring basil plants (receivers, namely NaCl-S). Compared with the receivers, the NaCl plants exhibited reduced biomass, lower photosynthesis, and changes in the VOC profile, which are common early responses of plants to salinity. In contrast, NaCl-S plants had physiological parameters similar to those of nonsalted plants (C), but exhibited a different VOC fingerprint, which overlapped, for most compounds, with that of emitters. NaCl-S plants exposed later to NaCl treatment (namely NaCl-S + NaCl) exhibited changes in the VOC profile, earlier plant senescence, earlier flowering, and higher seed yield than C + NaCl plants. This experiment offers the evidence that (1) NaCl-triggered VOCs promote metabolic changes in NaCl-S plants, which, finally, increase reproductive success and (2) the differences in VOC profiles observed between emitters and receivers subjected to salinity raise the question whether the receivers are able to "propagate" the warning signal triggered by VOCs in neighboring companions.
Marco Landi; Fabrizio Araniti; Guido Flamini; Ermes Lo Piccolo; Alice Trivellini; Maria Rosa Abenavoli; Lucia Guidi. “Help is in the air”: volatiles from salt-stressed plants increase the reproductive success of receivers under salinity. Planta 2020, 251, 48 -15.
AMA StyleMarco Landi, Fabrizio Araniti, Guido Flamini, Ermes Lo Piccolo, Alice Trivellini, Maria Rosa Abenavoli, Lucia Guidi. “Help is in the air”: volatiles from salt-stressed plants increase the reproductive success of receivers under salinity. Planta. 2020; 251 (2):48-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Landi; Fabrizio Araniti; Guido Flamini; Ermes Lo Piccolo; Alice Trivellini; Maria Rosa Abenavoli; Lucia Guidi. 2020. "“Help is in the air”: volatiles from salt-stressed plants increase the reproductive success of receivers under salinity." Planta 251, no. 2: 48-15.
Many physiological parameters were compared to identify the most sensitive and reliable indicator of grapevine water status. One-year-old potted grapevines (Vitis vinifera L., cvs. ‘Sangiovese’ and ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’) were studied under two irrigation treatments: 100% and 0% of daily water consumption. Measurements of pre-dawn (PD) and midday (MD) leaf water potential (Ψw), MD stem water potential (ΨS), leaf temperature (T°L) and stomatal conductance (gS) were taken throughout twenty days and analyzed in conjunction with climatic data, relative cumulative sap flow (RCSF) and the maximum daily shrinkage (MDS) of the vine stock. Physiological indicators showed substantial differences in sensitivity. The first indication of changes in vine water status was the increase of MDS and the decrease of gS. MDS and RCSF revealed significant differences between the two irrigation treatments even when PDΨw, up to now widely accepted as the benchmark of water status indicators, did not show any significant variation. Measurements of water potential showed ΨS to be a better indicator of vine water status than Ψw and T°L. In conclusion, we classified the tested indicators according to a descending order of their early detection capability: gS = MDS > RCSF > PDΨw = MDΨS > T°L > MDΨw.
L. Tuccio; Ermes Lo Piccolo; R. Battelli; S. Matteoli; Rossano Massai; G. Scalabrelli; D. Remorini. Physiological indicators to assess water status in potted grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Scientia Horticulturae 2019, 255, 8 -13.
AMA StyleL. Tuccio, Ermes Lo Piccolo, R. Battelli, S. Matteoli, Rossano Massai, G. Scalabrelli, D. Remorini. Physiological indicators to assess water status in potted grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Scientia Horticulturae. 2019; 255 ():8-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleL. Tuccio; Ermes Lo Piccolo; R. Battelli; S. Matteoli; Rossano Massai; G. Scalabrelli; D. Remorini. 2019. "Physiological indicators to assess water status in potted grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)." Scientia Horticulturae 255, no. : 8-13.
Ancient apple cultivars are known for their organoleptic properties over a small geographic area, but little is known of their nutraceutical properties, which might be useful in large-scale breeding programmes. Nine ancient apple cultivars from Tuscany (Italy) were characterized for their organoleptic properties, phenolic profiles, and antioxidant activities. These cultivars had high polyphenol concentrations (principally flavanols and phenolic acids) and high total antioxidant capacities compared with most commercial apple cultivars. Fruits from the cultivars ‘San Michele’ and ‘Del Debbio’ showed a good compromise between fruit size and solid soluble content, and might be suitable for fresh consumption, while fruit from ‘Benito’, ‘Della Piastra’, ‘Lugliese Grisanti’, ‘Del Sangue’ and ‘Ruggine’ had high polyphenol contents and excellent antioxidant capacities, and may be suitable for breeding programmes. ‘Ruggine’ fruit could also be used for sweet juices with good nutraceutical properties due to their high soluble solid content and high flavanol concentration.
Ermes Lo Piccolo; Marco Landi; Rossano Massai; Damiano Remorini; Giuseppe Conte; Lucia Guidi. Ancient apple cultivars from Garfagnana (Tuscany, Italy): A potential source for ‘nutrafruit’ production. Food Chemistry 2019, 294, 518 -525.
AMA StyleErmes Lo Piccolo, Marco Landi, Rossano Massai, Damiano Remorini, Giuseppe Conte, Lucia Guidi. Ancient apple cultivars from Garfagnana (Tuscany, Italy): A potential source for ‘nutrafruit’ production. Food Chemistry. 2019; 294 ():518-525.
Chicago/Turabian StyleErmes Lo Piccolo; Marco Landi; Rossano Massai; Damiano Remorini; Giuseppe Conte; Lucia Guidi. 2019. "Ancient apple cultivars from Garfagnana (Tuscany, Italy): A potential source for ‘nutrafruit’ production." Food Chemistry 294, no. : 518-525.
Ancient apple cultivars usually have higher nutraceutical value than commercial ones, but in most cases their variability in pomological traits does not allow us to discriminate among them. Fruit of two Tuscany ancient apple cultivars, 'Casciana' and 'Rotella', picked from eight different orchards (four for each cultivar) were analyzed for their pomological traits, organoleptic qualities, polyphenolic profile and antiradical activity. The effectiveness of a polyphenol-based cluster analysis was compared to molecular markers (internal transcribed spacers, ITS1 and ITS2) to unequivocally discern the two apples. 'Casciana' and 'Rotella' fruit had a higher nutraceutical value than some commercial cultivars, in terms of phenolic abundance, profile and total antiradical activity. Although pedo-climatic conditions of different orchards influenced the phenolic profile of both apples, the polyphenolic discriminant analysis clearly separated the two cultivars, principally due to higher amounts of procyanidin B2, procyanidin B3 and p-coumaroylquinic acid in 'Casciana' than in 'Rotella' fruit. These three polyphenols can be used proficiently as biochemical markers for distinguishing the two apples when pomological traits cannot. Conversely, ITS1 and ITS2 polymorphism did not allow us to distinguish 'Casciana' from 'Rotella' fruit. Overall, the use of polyphenolic fingerprint might represent a valid tool to ensure the traceability of products with a high economic value.
Ermes Lo Piccolo; Ambra Viviani; Lucia Guidi; Damiano Remorini; Rossano Massai; Rodolfo Bernardi; Marco Landi. Discerning between Two Tuscany (Italy) Ancient Apple cultivars, 'Rotella' and 'Casciana', through Polyphenolic Fingerprint and Molecular Markers. Molecules 2019, 24, 1758 .
AMA StyleErmes Lo Piccolo, Ambra Viviani, Lucia Guidi, Damiano Remorini, Rossano Massai, Rodolfo Bernardi, Marco Landi. Discerning between Two Tuscany (Italy) Ancient Apple cultivars, 'Rotella' and 'Casciana', through Polyphenolic Fingerprint and Molecular Markers. Molecules. 2019; 24 (9):1758.
Chicago/Turabian StyleErmes Lo Piccolo; Ambra Viviani; Lucia Guidi; Damiano Remorini; Rossano Massai; Rodolfo Bernardi; Marco Landi. 2019. "Discerning between Two Tuscany (Italy) Ancient Apple cultivars, 'Rotella' and 'Casciana', through Polyphenolic Fingerprint and Molecular Markers." Molecules 24, no. 9: 1758.
Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis is one of the most powerful and widely used techniques to study the effect of stresses on the photosynthetic process. From the first utilization, the Fv/Fm ratio has been largely used as a sensitive indicator of plant photosynthetic performance. Decreases of this index are indicative of the reduction of photosystem II (PSII) efficiency, namely photoinhibition. In the last 20 years, application of chlorophyll fluorescence has been largely improved, and many other informative parameters have been established to detect PSII photochemical efficiency and the partitioning of light energy to alternative dissipative mechanisms (qE, energy-dependent quenching; qZ, zeaxanthin-dependent quenching and qI, photoinhibitory quenching; qH, sustained photoprotective antenna quenching; qM, quenching dependent to chloroplast movement; qT, light harvesting complexes II–I state-transition) such as the recently developed “photoprotective power” of non-photochemical quenching (pNPQ). This review reports a brief description of the main chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and a wide analysis of the current bibliography on the use of different parameters which are useful to detect events of PSII photoinhibition. In addition, in view of the inherent differences in morpho-anatomical, physiological and biochemical features between C3 and C4 metabolism, possible differences in terms of photoinhibition between C3 and C4 plant species under stress conditions are proposed. The attempt is to highlight the limits of their comparison in terms of susceptibility to photoinhibition and to propose direction of future research which, assisted by chlorophyll fluorescence, should improve the knowledge of the different sensitivity of C3 and C4 to abiotic stressors.
Lucia Guidi; Ermes Lo Piccolo; Marco Landi. Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Photoinhibition and Abiotic Stress: Does it Make Any Difference the Fact to Be a C3 or C4 Species? Frontiers in Plant Science 2019, 10, 174 .
AMA StyleLucia Guidi, Ermes Lo Piccolo, Marco Landi. Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Photoinhibition and Abiotic Stress: Does it Make Any Difference the Fact to Be a C3 or C4 Species? Frontiers in Plant Science. 2019; 10 ():174.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLucia Guidi; Ermes Lo Piccolo; Marco Landi. 2019. "Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Photoinhibition and Abiotic Stress: Does it Make Any Difference the Fact to Be a C3 or C4 Species?" Frontiers in Plant Science 10, no. : 174.
Anthocyanic morphs are generally less efficient in terms of carbon gain, but, in turn, are more photoprotected than anthocyanin-less ones. To date, mature leaves of different morphs or leaves at different developmental stages within the same species have generally been compared, whereas there is a lack of knowledge regarding different stages of development of red vs. green leaves. Leaves (1-, 7-, and 13-week-old) of red- (RLP) and green-leafed (GLP) Prunus in terms of photosynthetic rate, carbon metabolism and photoprotective mechanisms were compared to test whether anthocyanin-equipped leaves perform better than anthocyanin-less leaves and whether photoprotection is the primary role of epidermally-located anthocyanins, using for the first time a recently-developed parameter of chlorophyll fluorescence (qPd). GLP leaves had a higher photosynthetic rate in 1- and 7-week-old leaves, but RLP leaves performed better at an early stage of senescence and had a longer leaf lifespan. Anthocyanins contributed to leaf photoprotection throughout the leaf development, but were tightly coordinated with carotenoids. Besides photoprotecting, we propose that epidermal anthocyanins may be principally synthetized to maintain an efficient carbon-sink strength in young and senescent leaves, thus extending the RLP leaf lifespan.
Ermes Lo Piccolo; Marco Landi; Elisa Pellegrini; Giovanni Agati; Cristiana Giordano; Tommaso Giordani; Giacomo Lorenzini; Fernando Malorgio; Rossano Massai; Cristina Nali; Giovanni Rallo; Damiano Remorini; Paolo Vernieri; Lucia Guidi. Multiple Consequences Induced by Epidermally-Located Anthocyanins in Young, Mature and Senescent Leaves of Prunus. Frontiers in Plant Science 2018, 9, 917 .
AMA StyleErmes Lo Piccolo, Marco Landi, Elisa Pellegrini, Giovanni Agati, Cristiana Giordano, Tommaso Giordani, Giacomo Lorenzini, Fernando Malorgio, Rossano Massai, Cristina Nali, Giovanni Rallo, Damiano Remorini, Paolo Vernieri, Lucia Guidi. Multiple Consequences Induced by Epidermally-Located Anthocyanins in Young, Mature and Senescent Leaves of Prunus. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2018; 9 ():917.
Chicago/Turabian StyleErmes Lo Piccolo; Marco Landi; Elisa Pellegrini; Giovanni Agati; Cristiana Giordano; Tommaso Giordani; Giacomo Lorenzini; Fernando Malorgio; Rossano Massai; Cristina Nali; Giovanni Rallo; Damiano Remorini; Paolo Vernieri; Lucia Guidi. 2018. "Multiple Consequences Induced by Epidermally-Located Anthocyanins in Young, Mature and Senescent Leaves of Prunus." Frontiers in Plant Science 9, no. : 917.