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Prof. Esther Lopez-Zafra
Universidad de Jaén, Spain

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0 Gender
0 Interpersonal Relationships
0 Leadership
0 Positive Psychology

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Profile ImageDaniel Cortés-Denia University of Jaen. Spain
Profile ImageManuel Pulido-Martos University of Jaén (Spain)
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Brief research report article
Published: 23 June 2021 in Frontiers in Psychology
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The COVID-19 pandemic has forced many employees to introduce different degrees of teleworking, leading to a transformation of the psychosocial work environment. In this study, we analyzed whether the relationship between a labor resource, social support, and a personal resource, vigor at work, is affected by the work modality (face-to-face, hybrid that includes face-to-face work and telework time, and telework caused by the current pandemic situation). Five hundred and forty-three employees answered an online questionnaire about their perceptions of the levels of social support, vigor experienced in the last month, and work modality. Seniority in the organization and the gender of the employees were controlled for. The model fit was significant [F (7, 535) = 20.816, p < 0.001], accounting for 21% of the variation in vigor (R 2 = 0.21). The interaction was also significant [F (2, 535) = 4.13, p < 0.05], with an increase of 1% in the explanation of the variance in vigor at work (ΔR 2 = 0.01). Differences were found in the positive relationship between levels of social support and vigor at work, among the face-to-face and telework modalities (hybrid and telework), but not between teleworking modalities. As a result, we posit that the different forms of telework moderate (buffer) the relationship experienced between labor resources (social support) and personal resources (vigor at work). This implies that, for the design of teleworking conditions, it is necessary to provide work resources similar to those in face-to-face settings, such as social support.

ACS Style

Manuel Pulido-Martos; Daniel Cortés-Denia; Esther Lopez-Zafra. Teleworking in Times of COVID-19: Effects on the Acquisition of Personal Resources. Frontiers in Psychology 2021, 12, 685275 .

AMA Style

Manuel Pulido-Martos, Daniel Cortés-Denia, Esther Lopez-Zafra. Teleworking in Times of COVID-19: Effects on the Acquisition of Personal Resources. Frontiers in Psychology. 2021; 12 ():685275.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manuel Pulido-Martos; Daniel Cortés-Denia; Esther Lopez-Zafra. 2021. "Teleworking in Times of COVID-19: Effects on the Acquisition of Personal Resources." Frontiers in Psychology 12, no. : 685275.

Review
Published: 20 June 2021 in European Management Review
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Psychological Capital has been proposed as one of the main bases of the current competitive advantage of any organization; therefore, many studies have assessed the effects of this variable on different work environments. However, to date, no study has addressed systematically the existing research on PsyCap as a mediating and moderating variable in the workplace. The aim of this paper is to respond to the need for reconstruction and reinforcement of the theory surrounding PsyCap and to shed light on the factors that seem to influence the PsyCap levels. Studies included in the Web of Science (WOS) and PsycINFO databases from 2004 to 2020 are reviewed. The results show the importance of PsyCap within the fields of creativity, psychological health, performance, job satisfaction, organizational climate, leadership and other emerging issues. Furthermore, we propose a new classification to integrate all these antecedents of PsyCap, which has important theoretical and practical implications.

ACS Style

David Vilariño del Castillo; Esther Lopez‐Zafra. Antecedents of psychological Capital at Work: A Systematic Review of Moderato–mediator Effects and a New Integrative Proposal. European Management Review 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

David Vilariño del Castillo, Esther Lopez‐Zafra. Antecedents of psychological Capital at Work: A Systematic Review of Moderato–mediator Effects and a New Integrative Proposal. European Management Review. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David Vilariño del Castillo; Esther Lopez‐Zafra. 2021. "Antecedents of psychological Capital at Work: A Systematic Review of Moderato–mediator Effects and a New Integrative Proposal." European Management Review , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 28 May 2021 in Sustainability
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In the context of organizational psychology, this study aimed to examine workers’ gender biases in tolerance when observing leaders’ incivility in the workplace. Based on role congruity theory, this paper proposes analyzing the gender differences in workers’ evaluations of awareness and tolerance of workplace incivility considering the gender of a leader who commits different incivility behaviors against an employee. Moreover, we posit that the type of incivility is also gendered. A sample of 547 workers (male and female) randomly played the roles of observers whereby they rated a scenario describing a leader (male or female) who publicly humiliates and openly doubts an employee’s judgment (overt incivility—agentic), or leaves out and pays little attention (covert incivility—communal) to an employee. The results indicate that male workers tolerated incivility less when role incongruence occurred, such as when male leaders used covert incivility. In contrast, female workers were consistently less tolerant when role congruence occurred with the leader’s gender, such as when male leaders were overtly uncivil. Furthermore, compared to males, female workers were more aware and less tolerant of incivility when a female leader was overtly or covertly uncivil. This paper provides empirical insights and fulfills an identified need to study how gender bias in workplace incivility can be enabled in organizations. The implications for practice can drive the development of prevention strategies within the field of management and human resources.

ACS Style

Isabel Carmona-Cobo; Eva Garrosa; Esther Lopez-Zafra. Workers’ Observation of Uncivil Leadership: Is Tolerance for Workplace Incivility a Gendered Issue? Sustainability 2021, 13, 6111 .

AMA Style

Isabel Carmona-Cobo, Eva Garrosa, Esther Lopez-Zafra. Workers’ Observation of Uncivil Leadership: Is Tolerance for Workplace Incivility a Gendered Issue? Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):6111.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Isabel Carmona-Cobo; Eva Garrosa; Esther Lopez-Zafra. 2021. "Workers’ Observation of Uncivil Leadership: Is Tolerance for Workplace Incivility a Gendered Issue?" Sustainability 13, no. 11: 6111.

Journal article
Published: 25 April 2021 in Anales de Psicología
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Los obstáculos a lo largo de la carrera de las mujeres demuestran que su ambición de convertirse en líder es compleja porque está influenciada por los estereotipos y roles de género. En este estudio, se les pidió a 625 participantes (54.24% mujeres) de dos categorías (379 estudiantes y 246 empleados) que imaginaran cómo reaccionarían ante un ascenso a una posición de liderazgo y posteriormente, completaron un cuestionario que incluía sus creencias sobre las consecuencias -evaluaciones, ambición, emociones positivas y negativas e ideología de roles de género. Los estudiantes fueron más ambiciosos que los empleados, independientemente de su género. Sin embargo, al analizar el impacto de la ambición en la decisión de aceptar una posición de liderazgo, observamos que el afecto positivo generado al imaginar una promoción es el aspecto clave para finalmente decidir aceptar la promoción, tanto en estudiantes como en empleados. Sin embargo, en los estudiantes, independientemente de su género, la decisión se predice por afecto negativo, evaluaciones de auto-concepto, pero no por niveles de ambición. Obstacles along women career demonstrate how ambition for becoming a leader is complex because it is influenced by gender stereotypes and roles. In this study, 625 participants (54.24% women) from two statuses (379 students and 246 employees) were asked to imagine how they would react to a promotion to a leadership position and then completed a questionnaire including their beliefs about the consequences, core self-evaluations, ambition, positive and negative emotions, and gender role ideology. Students were more ambitious than employees, regardless of their gender. However, when analyzing the impact of ambition on the decision of accepting a leadership position we observe that positive affect generated by imagining a promotion is the key aspect to finally decide to accept the promotion in both students and employees. However, in students, regardless of their gender, the decision is predicted by negative affect, core-self evaluations but not by levels of ambition.

ACS Style

Esther Lopez-Zafra; Nicolás Sánchez-Álvarez; Isabel Carmona-Cobo. Is ambition a gendered issue? Students´ vs employees´ antecedents of Ambition about Leadership. Anales de Psicología 2021, 37, 352 -360.

AMA Style

Esther Lopez-Zafra, Nicolás Sánchez-Álvarez, Isabel Carmona-Cobo. Is ambition a gendered issue? Students´ vs employees´ antecedents of Ambition about Leadership. Anales de Psicología. 2021; 37 (2):352-360.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Esther Lopez-Zafra; Nicolás Sánchez-Álvarez; Isabel Carmona-Cobo. 2021. "Is ambition a gendered issue? Students´ vs employees´ antecedents of Ambition about Leadership." Anales de Psicología 37, no. 2: 352-360.

Journal article
Published: 11 March 2021 in International Journal of Social Psychology
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The evolution of societal gender roles over time changes perceptions about the characteristics of men and women and how they behave. Previous studies on the dynamics of gender stereotypes have investigated people’s perceptions about men and women at specific time points (i.e., thinking in the past, present and future). However, studies comparing results of present perceptions of men and women measured at a lapse of time could clarify whether there have been real changes in gender stereotypes or just a desired perception for change. In the current research, we investigate whether perceptions about gender stereotypes evolve over time by comparing 453 Spanish participants’ perceptions of men and women over a 10-year period based on data collected at two time points: 2006 (n = 199) and 2016 (n = 254). In line with the conclusions of previous research, our results indicate that perceptions of gender stereotypes evolved over time from 2006 to 2016. Interestingly, over 10 years, men and women are perceived to be more similar on feminine characteristics but diverge on masculine characteristics. We discuss the dynamic of stereotypes in light of social constraints that may influence gender characteristics adscription.

ACS Style

Esther Lopez-Zafra; Rocio Garcia-Retamero. Are gender stereotypes changing over time? A cross-temporal analysis of perceptions about gender stereotypes in Spain (¿Están cambiando los estereotipos de género con el tiempo? Un análisis transtemporal de las percepciones sobre los estereotipos de género en España). International Journal of Social Psychology 2021, 36, 330 -354.

AMA Style

Esther Lopez-Zafra, Rocio Garcia-Retamero. Are gender stereotypes changing over time? A cross-temporal analysis of perceptions about gender stereotypes in Spain (¿Están cambiando los estereotipos de género con el tiempo? Un análisis transtemporal de las percepciones sobre los estereotipos de género en España). International Journal of Social Psychology. 2021; 36 (2):330-354.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Esther Lopez-Zafra; Rocio Garcia-Retamero. 2021. "Are gender stereotypes changing over time? A cross-temporal analysis of perceptions about gender stereotypes in Spain (¿Están cambiando los estereotipos de género con el tiempo? Un análisis transtemporal de las percepciones sobre los estereotipos de género en España)." International Journal of Social Psychology 36, no. 2: 330-354.

Review
Published: 15 February 2021 in Current Psychology
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Positive occupational health psychology emphasizes the need to analyze variables that promote workers’ health. From this perspective, work engagement is a positive emotional-motivational state in employees, and vigor at work is a positive affective response to continuous interactions among different elements of the work environment. Despite the relation of both constructs to health implications, the ways in which they are related to different health categories (psychological health, psychological disorder symptoms, physical health, health-related behavior and overall health) may vary. Given that they are different constructs, they could affect health in different ways. Thus, we undertake a PRISMA-compliance systematic review to analyze the possible differing impact of work engagement and vigor at work on workers’ health. The search, drawn from four electronic databases, was refined and 70 papers on work engagement and 9 papers on vigor at work were finally analyzed. The results show that both constructs are relevant in health, implying improvements in all categories, except for the psychological disorder symptom in which no vigor studies were found. However, the influence of both constructs is different. Specifically, vigor at work has greater involvement in physical health, leading to lower high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels, fibrinogen levels, hyperlipidemia risk, diabetes mortality risk and physical symptoms, as well as health-related behavior, leading to less insomnia, more physical activity and more physical exercise. Work engagement is mostly related to psychological health, leading to improved well-being and life satisfaction as well as a lower risk of suffering from stress, anxiety, depression, fatigue and psychological tension.

ACS Style

Daniel Cortés-Denia; Esther Lopez-Zafra; Manuel Pulido-Martos. Physical and psychological health relations to engagement and vigor at work: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review. Current Psychology 2021, 1 -16.

AMA Style

Daniel Cortés-Denia, Esther Lopez-Zafra, Manuel Pulido-Martos. Physical and psychological health relations to engagement and vigor at work: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review. Current Psychology. 2021; ():1-16.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel Cortés-Denia; Esther Lopez-Zafra; Manuel Pulido-Martos. 2021. "Physical and psychological health relations to engagement and vigor at work: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review." Current Psychology , no. : 1-16.

Journal article
Published: 21 December 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Students suffer from a decrease in physical activity during their education period. This lower level of activity could affect, through various paths, their academic performance, mental health, and satisfaction with life. In these two studies, we assumed that vigor, a positive affect variable, would act as a mediating variable in the above relationship, and thus, we proposed an instrument for evaluating vigor in academic contexts. In Study 1, 707 undergraduates (59.7% women) responded to the vigor scale adapted for students to test factorial validation (through confirmatory factor analysis) and obtain reliability indicators. In Study 2, 309 undergraduates (55.3% women) completed a questionnaire measuring physical activity, mental health, satisfaction with life, vigor, and academic performance to test a structural model of the relationships between the variables to obtain construct validity. A measurement model with three related factors, each representing one dimension of vigor, optimally fit the data, and the reliability indices were adequate (Study 1). Moreover, the mediational model confirmed a complete influence of physical activity on satisfaction with life, academic performance, and mental health levels through students’ vigor levels with optimal adjusting values (Study 2). Proposing an instrument such as the Shirom-Melamed Vigor Measure for students allows the opening of a research venue that is focused on the study of positive affects in academic contexts, as well as the testing of the physical activity pathways of action in obtaining positive results.

ACS Style

Manuel Pulido-Martos; Daniel Cortés-Denia; Juan José De La Rosa-Blanca; Esther Lopez-Zafra. The Shirom-Melamed Vigor Measure for Students: Factorial Analysis and Construct Validity in Spanish Undergraduate University Students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 9590 .

AMA Style

Manuel Pulido-Martos, Daniel Cortés-Denia, Juan José De La Rosa-Blanca, Esther Lopez-Zafra. The Shirom-Melamed Vigor Measure for Students: Factorial Analysis and Construct Validity in Spanish Undergraduate University Students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (24):9590.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manuel Pulido-Martos; Daniel Cortés-Denia; Juan José De La Rosa-Blanca; Esther Lopez-Zafra. 2020. "The Shirom-Melamed Vigor Measure for Students: Factorial Analysis and Construct Validity in Spanish Undergraduate University Students." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24: 9590.

Brief research report article
Published: 03 July 2020 in Frontiers in Psychology
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This study aimed to analyze the relationship of both positive socioemotional resources [emotional intelligence (EI) and social support] and negative states (test anxiety and depression) with academic adjustment, as measured by academic performance and self-concept, among Moroccan adolescents. The participants were 845 students from Morocco (372 boys, 473 girls; mean age 15.58 years; SD = 1.69; range = 13–18) who were attending secondary education (79.8%) or high school. The participants completed a questionnaire that included scales to measure the variables of interest, adapted for and validated in Moroccan adolescents. A multiple mediation serial model with four mediator variables confirmed that academic self-concept was positively and directly predicted by EI, academic performance, and social support, whereas test anxiety and depression had a negative effect. Second, EI predicted self-concept through its indirect effects on test anxiety and academic performance, social support, and depression. EI was the most protective factor. This model has good performance in explaining the variation in test anxiety (1.6%), depression (14.2%), social support (9.5%), academic performance (6.8%), and self-concept (35.7%). This study helps clarify the relationship of positive and negative socioemotional states with the academic performance of adolescents in Morocco. This study contributes to the literature by enhancing knowledge of adolescents in societies that, like Morocco, have a less elaborated tradition at these levels of education and that are considering education in their agenda as a way of enhancing national development and promoting EI to allow youth development in a healthier society.

ACS Style

Daniel Cortés-Denia; Karima El Ghoudani; Manuel Pulido-Martos; Smail Alaoui; Octavio Luque-Reca; Manuel Miguel Ramos-Álvarez; José María Augusto-Landa; Benaissa Zarhbouch; Esther Lopez-Zafra. Socioemotional Resources Account for Academic Adjustment in Moroccan Adolescents. Frontiers in Psychology 2020, 11, 1609 .

AMA Style

Daniel Cortés-Denia, Karima El Ghoudani, Manuel Pulido-Martos, Smail Alaoui, Octavio Luque-Reca, Manuel Miguel Ramos-Álvarez, José María Augusto-Landa, Benaissa Zarhbouch, Esther Lopez-Zafra. Socioemotional Resources Account for Academic Adjustment in Moroccan Adolescents. Frontiers in Psychology. 2020; 11 ():1609.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel Cortés-Denia; Karima El Ghoudani; Manuel Pulido-Martos; Smail Alaoui; Octavio Luque-Reca; Manuel Miguel Ramos-Álvarez; José María Augusto-Landa; Benaissa Zarhbouch; Esther Lopez-Zafra. 2020. "Socioemotional Resources Account for Academic Adjustment in Moroccan Adolescents." Frontiers in Psychology 11, no. : 1609.

Preprint content
Published: 25 June 2020
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Background Students suffer from a decrease in physical activity during their education period. This lower level of activity could affect, through various paths, their academic performance, mental health and satisfaction with life. In this study, we assume that vigor, a positive affect variable, would act as a mediating variable in the above relationship, and thus, we propose an instrument for evaluating vigor in academic contexts. To attain this aim, the factorial validity and reliability of the proposed vigor scale for students is tested (Study 1), along with its construct validity (Study 2). Methods In Study 1, 707 undergraduates (59.7% women) responded to the vigor scale adapted for students to test factorial validation (through confirmatory factor analysis) and obtain reliability indicators. In Study 2, 309 undergraduates (55.3% women) completed a questionnaire measuring physical activity, mental health, satisfaction with life, vigor and academic performance to test a structural model of the relationships between the variables to obtain construct validity. Results A measurement model with three related factors, each representing one dimension of vigor, optimally fit the data (S-Bχ2 = 231.54; df = 50; CFI = 0.95; NNFI = 0.93; SRMR = 0.07; RMSEA = 0.07 [0.06–0.08]), and the reliability indices were adequate (Study 1). In Study 2, the mediational model confirmed a complete influence of physical activity on satisfaction with life, academic performance and mental health levels through the levels of vigor of the students, with optimal adjusting values (S-Bχ2 = 108.82; df = 62; p < 0.001; CFI = 0.92; NNFI = 0.90; SRMR = 0.05; RMSEA = 0.05 [0.03–0.06]). Conclusions Proposing an instrument such as the Shirom-Melamed Vigor Measure for students allows the opening of a research venue that is focused on the study of positive affects in academic contexts, as well as the testing of the physical activity pathways of action in obtaining positive results.

ACS Style

Manuel Pulido-Martos; Daniel Cortés-Denia; Juan José De La Rosa-Blanca; Esther Lopez-Zafra. The Shirom-Melamed Vigor Measure for students and how vigor relates to academic performance, mental health and satisfaction with life: Factorial analysis and construct validity in Spanish undergraduate university students. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Manuel Pulido-Martos, Daniel Cortés-Denia, Juan José De La Rosa-Blanca, Esther Lopez-Zafra. The Shirom-Melamed Vigor Measure for students and how vigor relates to academic performance, mental health and satisfaction with life: Factorial analysis and construct validity in Spanish undergraduate university students. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manuel Pulido-Martos; Daniel Cortés-Denia; Juan José De La Rosa-Blanca; Esther Lopez-Zafra. 2020. "The Shirom-Melamed Vigor Measure for students and how vigor relates to academic performance, mental health and satisfaction with life: Factorial analysis and construct validity in Spanish undergraduate university students." , no. : 1.

Article
Published: 16 December 2019 in Quality of Life Research
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This study examines the adjustment of different equivalent measurement models for the factorial structures of the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), which have shown a good fit to data from the general population. Furthermore, we examine measurement invariance (MI) based on gender and age. A total of 1011 Spanish individuals (52.40% female) completed the CD-RISC. The results indicated that the 10-item single-factor model was the only model that fit the data. Significant latent mean differences showed that the levels of resilience among women were significantly lower than those among men. Regarding age, uniform MI was confirmed, showing the homogeneity of the population. Our exhaustive review of the extant published studies that address factor analyses and gender and age differences demonstrates that the results vary greatly. Furthermore, our model test comparison finds that the 10-item model is the best in the Spanish population. Moreover, men show higher resilience than women, while age is not a decisive variable, most likely showing that life events are more important than these demographic variables.

ACS Style

Manuel Pulido-Martos; María Dolores Fernández-Sánchez; Esther Lopez-Zafra. Measurement invariance across gender and age in the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in a Spanish general population. Quality of Life Research 2019, 29, 1373 -1384.

AMA Style

Manuel Pulido-Martos, María Dolores Fernández-Sánchez, Esther Lopez-Zafra. Measurement invariance across gender and age in the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in a Spanish general population. Quality of Life Research. 2019; 29 (5):1373-1384.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manuel Pulido-Martos; María Dolores Fernández-Sánchez; Esther Lopez-Zafra. 2019. "Measurement invariance across gender and age in the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in a Spanish general population." Quality of Life Research 29, no. 5: 1373-1384.

Personality and social psychology
Published: 10 September 2019 in Scandinavian Journal of Psychology
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Based on Role Congruity Theory, we tested the hypothesis of gender bias by examining gender differences in observers' evaluations of the awareness and acceptability of workplace incivility gender-dyad interaction. Three hundred and ninety-six Spanish high school students (55.3% female) read one scenario of overt incivility (publicly humiliates and openly doubts the employee's judgment) or covert (omits and pays little attention) from a leader (female vs. male) toward a subordinate (female vs. male) in engineering. Results indicated gender differences among observers. From the leader actor of incivility, males were more aware and accepted less the incivility when performed by a female leader in a male domain; whereas females were more aware and accepted less incivility than males in all cases. Regarding the subordinate target of incivility, only females were more aware and accepted less incivility, and both males and females were more aware and accepted less covert incivility. Our results reveal practical implications for interventions from a gender perspective.

ACS Style

Isabel Carmona‐Cobo; Esther Lopez-Zafra; Eva Garrosa. Observers’ reactions to workplace incivility in the masculine domain: How does role congruency explain gender bias in future workers? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 2019, 60, 628 -636.

AMA Style

Isabel Carmona‐Cobo, Esther Lopez-Zafra, Eva Garrosa. Observers’ reactions to workplace incivility in the masculine domain: How does role congruency explain gender bias in future workers? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. 2019; 60 (6):628-636.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Isabel Carmona‐Cobo; Esther Lopez-Zafra; Eva Garrosa. 2019. "Observers’ reactions to workplace incivility in the masculine domain: How does role congruency explain gender bias in future workers?" Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 60, no. 6: 628-636.

Original research article
Published: 10 July 2019 in Frontiers in Psychology
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This study aimed to test a structural model to examine the protective role of psychosocial variables, such as social support, emotional intelligence and their interaction, on the cognitive dimension of subjective positive well-being (life satisfaction) and negative well-being (depression) in Moroccan adolescents. The participants consisted of 1277 students (571 men, 694 women and 12 missing values) with a mean age of 16.15 years (SD = 2.22; range = 9 to 23) who attended 26 public schools in different territories of Morocco. These students were in secondary education (n = 893) and high school (n = 378) (6 missing values). The scales for measuring the variables of interest had to be adapted and validated as a previous step for the further proposal of a model of relations. Statistical analyses were conducted using structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the proposed model. The model that optimally adjusted the data confirmed the protective role of social support in the well-being of Moroccan adolescents. Consistent with previous studies, social support was directly related to well-being. However, it also modulated levels of satisfaction with life. Likewise, the inclusion of emotional intelligence as an additional protective factor contributed to the explanation of the well-being mechanisms in adolescents. In addition to direct associations with the levels of social support, satisfaction with life and depression (negative in the latter case), emotional intelligence participated in a complex chain affecting life satisfaction and life satisfaction affecting depression. Moreover, the interaction of emotional intelligence with social support was confirmed to determine levels of life satisfaction in adolescents. Specifically, social support multiplied the effects of the relationship between satisfaction with life and emotional intelligence in cases of moderate and high levels in Moroccan adolescents. This study fills a gap in the literature by adapting and further analyzing several scales with Moroccan samples of adolescents and by proposing and verifying a relational model that can help researchers and teachers to more precisely clarify these relations according to their context. The enhancement of protective factors, such as social support and emotional intelligence, will promote healthy youth development, thus creating healthier societies in the future.

ACS Style

Esther Lopez-Zafra; Manuel Miguel Ramos-Álvarez; Karima El Ghoudani; Octavio Luque-Reca; José María Augusto-Landa; Benaissa Zarhbouch; Smail Alaoui; Daniel Cortés-Denia; Manuel Pulido-Martos. Social Support and Emotional Intelligence as Protective Resources for Well-Being in Moroccan Adolescents. Frontiers in Psychology 2019, 10, 1 .

AMA Style

Esther Lopez-Zafra, Manuel Miguel Ramos-Álvarez, Karima El Ghoudani, Octavio Luque-Reca, José María Augusto-Landa, Benaissa Zarhbouch, Smail Alaoui, Daniel Cortés-Denia, Manuel Pulido-Martos. Social Support and Emotional Intelligence as Protective Resources for Well-Being in Moroccan Adolescents. Frontiers in Psychology. 2019; 10 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Esther Lopez-Zafra; Manuel Miguel Ramos-Álvarez; Karima El Ghoudani; Octavio Luque-Reca; José María Augusto-Landa; Benaissa Zarhbouch; Smail Alaoui; Daniel Cortés-Denia; Manuel Pulido-Martos. 2019. "Social Support and Emotional Intelligence as Protective Resources for Well-Being in Moroccan Adolescents." Frontiers in Psychology 10, no. : 1.

Research article
Published: 16 January 2019 in European Journal of Women's Studies
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In this article, we analyze the patterns of culture of honor within Spanish families. Each member of 271 Spanish four-member families (parents and two children each, total N = 1084) completed a questionnaire containing scales for the culture of honor and for sociodemographic variables (gender, order born and age). The results show that intra-family similarities emerge. However, path analyses show that the gender and birth order of the child are relevant in predicting this similarity. In particular, the first-born child converges with their mother to a higher extent than the father regardless of their gender. However, for the second-born child both parents instill their ideas about culture of honor in a gender congruent way (father–boy and mother–girl). Furthermore, there are higher similarities within younger families, indicating a stronger influence from parents to children. Results are discussed in view of social role and gender social learning theories.

ACS Style

Esther Lopez-Zafra; Noelia Rodríguez Espartal; Manuel Miguel Ramos-Álvarez. Women’s and men’s role in culture of honor endorsement within families. European Journal of Women's Studies 2019, 27, 72 -88.

AMA Style

Esther Lopez-Zafra, Noelia Rodríguez Espartal, Manuel Miguel Ramos-Álvarez. Women’s and men’s role in culture of honor endorsement within families. European Journal of Women's Studies. 2019; 27 (1):72-88.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Esther Lopez-Zafra; Noelia Rodríguez Espartal; Manuel Miguel Ramos-Álvarez. 2019. "Women’s and men’s role in culture of honor endorsement within families." European Journal of Women's Studies 27, no. 1: 72-88.

Journal article
Published: 09 January 2019 in Women's Studies International Forum
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Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) implicates various psychological health problems in women who suffer from it, often associated with the consumption of drugs. To date, studies mainly focus on quantitate data about psychopathological disorders. However, there are factors (i.e. resilience) preventing women from suffering and also helping to overcome certain psychological alterations and trauma. To analyze how resilient (or not) women face this gender violence situation and how their past events influence their current situation, 60 women from Spain (mean age = 37.03; SD = 10.02; range = 21–61) were in-depth interviewed following the life stories method. Furthermore, once the interviews were processed, we content analyzed data to categorize responses into high and low resilience. Thus, we could analyze the relationship among variables. In particular, women with a higher level of resilience show a less development of psychopathologies and drug consumption. As a result resilience proves to be a key aspect to improve and promote the reduction of mental health problems in victims of gender violence.

ACS Style

Mariola Fernández Sánchez; Esther Lopez-Zafra. The voices that should be heard: A qualitative and content analysis to explore resilience and psychological health in victims of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW). Women's Studies International Forum 2019, 72, 80 -86.

AMA Style

Mariola Fernández Sánchez, Esther Lopez-Zafra. The voices that should be heard: A qualitative and content analysis to explore resilience and psychological health in victims of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW). Women's Studies International Forum. 2019; 72 ():80-86.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mariola Fernández Sánchez; Esther Lopez-Zafra. 2019. "The voices that should be heard: A qualitative and content analysis to explore resilience and psychological health in victims of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW)." Women's Studies International Forum 72, no. : 80-86.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2018 in Food Research International
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ACS Style

Francisco José Torres Ruiz; Carla Marano-Marcolini; Esther López-Zafra. In search of a consumer-focused food classification system. An experimental heuristic approach to differentiate degrees of quality. Food Research International 2018, 108, 440 -454.

AMA Style

Francisco José Torres Ruiz, Carla Marano-Marcolini, Esther López-Zafra. In search of a consumer-focused food classification system. An experimental heuristic approach to differentiate degrees of quality. Food Research International. 2018; 108 ():440-454.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francisco José Torres Ruiz; Carla Marano-Marcolini; Esther López-Zafra. 2018. "In search of a consumer-focused food classification system. An experimental heuristic approach to differentiate degrees of quality." Food Research International 108, no. : 440-454.

Dataset
Published: 14 May 2018 in PsycTESTS Dataset
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Karima El Ghoudani; Manuel Pulido-Martos; Esther Lopez-Zafra. Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale--Arabic Version. PsycTESTS Dataset 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Karima El Ghoudani, Manuel Pulido-Martos, Esther Lopez-Zafra. Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale--Arabic Version. PsycTESTS Dataset. 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karima El Ghoudani; Manuel Pulido-Martos; Esther Lopez-Zafra. 2018. "Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale--Arabic Version." PsycTESTS Dataset , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 03 April 2018 in The Journal of General Psychology
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Despite previous evidence showing a positive relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and quality of life (QoL), associating older adults' emotional processing with several health indicators, few studies have explored both the IE and the a mechanisms through which they affect QoL. This cross-sectional study analyzes the mediator role of optimistic and pessimistic cognitive styles in the relationship between perceived EI (PEI) and QoL in 115 institutionalized older adults from Southern Spain. Regression analyses showed, after controlling for cognitive style, that PEI predicted a significant percentage of variance in: Health (β = .25, p < .01), Functional abilities (β = .20, p < .05), Activity and leisure (β = .17, p < .05) and Life satisfaction (β = .21, p < .05). Additionally, multiple mediation analysis revealed that cognitive style partially mediated the relationship between PEI and Health, Activity and leisure and Life satisfaction. Thus, PEI could promote personal but not external or environmental QoL aspects, highlighting the importance of developing emotional skills for healthy aging.

ACS Style

Octavio Luque-Reca; Manuel Pulido-Martos; Esther Lopez-Zafra; José M. Augusto-Landa. The Importance of Emotional Intelligence and Cognitive Style in Institutionalized Older Adults' Quality of Life. The Journal of General Psychology 2018, 145, 120 -133.

AMA Style

Octavio Luque-Reca, Manuel Pulido-Martos, Esther Lopez-Zafra, José M. Augusto-Landa. The Importance of Emotional Intelligence and Cognitive Style in Institutionalized Older Adults' Quality of Life. The Journal of General Psychology. 2018; 145 (2):120-133.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Octavio Luque-Reca; Manuel Pulido-Martos; Esther Lopez-Zafra; José M. Augusto-Landa. 2018. "The Importance of Emotional Intelligence and Cognitive Style in Institutionalized Older Adults' Quality of Life." The Journal of General Psychology 145, no. 2: 120-133.

Journal article
Published: 26 November 2017 in Electronic Journal of Research in Education Psychology
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Introducción. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido comprobar el papel que la Inteligencia Emocional percibida y las competencias sociales tienen en el rendimiento académico. Además, tuvo el propósito de analizar el papel de las expectativas de los profesores en el rendimiento de los alumnos de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO).Método. La muestra estaba compuesta por 193 estudiantes (50.7% varones y 49.3 % mujeres) de primer y segundo ciclo de E.S.O., con edades comprendidas entre 11 y 16 años (M = 14.1 años y DT = 1.39), que completaron un autoinforme que evaluaba inteligencia emocional, (TMMS-24), y actitudes sociales (AECS). Para la evaluación del rendimiento académico, se emplearon las calificaciones obtenidas y para comprobar las expectativas de los profesores sobre el rendimiento, se empleó una escala tipo Likert de elaboración propia, que valoraba diferentes indicadores de comportamiento.Resultados. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que las actitudes prosociales fueron un predictor positivo y significativo, no solo del rendimiento académico sino también del nivel de inteligencia emocional percibida (IEP) de los estudiantes, desempeñando a su vez las expectativas del profesor un rol determinante.Discusión y conclusión. El presente estudio refleja que la conducta social influye decisivamente sobre el rendimiento académico, y analiza la influencia de otras variables como son la inteligencia emocional y las expectativas del profesor. Los resultados obtenidos se discuten en torno a sus implicaciones educativas.

ACS Style

Mª Isabel Jiménez Morales; Esther Lopez-Zafra. Impacto de la Inteligencia Emocional Percibida, Actitudes Sociales y Expectativas del Profesor en el Rendimiento Académico. Electronic Journal of Research in Education Psychology 2017, 11, 1 .

AMA Style

Mª Isabel Jiménez Morales, Esther Lopez-Zafra. Impacto de la Inteligencia Emocional Percibida, Actitudes Sociales y Expectativas del Profesor en el Rendimiento Académico. Electronic Journal of Research in Education Psychology. 2017; 11 (29):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mª Isabel Jiménez Morales; Esther Lopez-Zafra. 2017. "Impacto de la Inteligencia Emocional Percibida, Actitudes Sociales y Expectativas del Profesor en el Rendimiento Académico." Electronic Journal of Research in Education Psychology 11, no. 29: 1.

Journal article
Published: 06 November 2017 in International Journal of Social Psychology
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Emotional intelligence is a widespread concept that has been analysed in different countries. However, it has been barely measured in African-Arab societies’ cultures due to their scarce tradition in validating instruments. In Morocco, the mere translation of instruments is a common practice that should be avoided to incorporate cultural and linguistic singularities. Thus, the aim of our study was to culturally adapt the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale to Morocco. This version could be widely used in other Arab North African countries and among immigrants in hosting countries. Two hundred and seventy-three Arab undergraduates (178 women and 95 men; age M = 22.17, SD = 4.09) from Morocco completed a questionnaire adapted to their culture following the back translation method. To determine construct validity, data were analysed by means of confirmatory factor analysis. The final scale resulted in a second-order factorial model with four first-order factors compounded by 16 items. This structure supports the original for Moroccan Arabic and other countries in which Arabic is spoken. Likewise, the results confirm an adequate criterion validity of the instrument.

ACS Style

Karima El Ghoudani; Manuel Pulido-Martos; Esther Lopez-Zafra. Measuring emotional intelligence in Moroccan Arabic: the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale / Medidas de la inteligencia emocional en árabe marroquí: la escala de inteligencia emocional de Wong y Law. International Journal of Social Psychology 2017, 33, 174 -194.

AMA Style

Karima El Ghoudani, Manuel Pulido-Martos, Esther Lopez-Zafra. Measuring emotional intelligence in Moroccan Arabic: the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale / Medidas de la inteligencia emocional en árabe marroquí: la escala de inteligencia emocional de Wong y Law. International Journal of Social Psychology. 2017; 33 (1):174-194.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karima El Ghoudani; Manuel Pulido-Martos; Esther Lopez-Zafra. 2017. "Measuring emotional intelligence in Moroccan Arabic: the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale / Medidas de la inteligencia emocional en árabe marroquí: la escala de inteligencia emocional de Wong y Law." International Journal of Social Psychology 33, no. 1: 174-194.

Research article
Published: 30 October 2017 in The Spanish Journal of Psychology
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Unemployment has negative but also positive effects on mental health and general well-being depending on which coping strategies the individual use. Our aim was to determine the contribution of core self-evaluations in explaining the coping strategies of job search and job devaluation, as well as to test the potential moderation effect of job search and mediation effect of job devaluation on the relationship between self core-evaluations and both positive and negative experience of unemployment. One hundred seventy-eight individuals who lost their jobs involuntarily for a longer period than one month completed a questionnaire while attending to employment office. Results show that there is a significant relation between core-self evaluations and job devaluation (.37**). Furthermore, core-self evaluations were positively related to positive experience of unemployment (r = .31; p < .01) and negatively related to negative experience of unemployment (r = .60; p < .01). Moreover, self-core evaluations predicted both coping with unemployment strategies (job devaluation; β = .26; p < .01 and job search β = .19; p < .05). However, job search did not moderate the relationship between core self-evaluations and experience of unemployment. But, individuals with a longer duration of the current period of unemployment and higher core self-evaluations had a more positive experience of unemployment, and job devaluation partially mediated this relation (SE = .002; p = .038). These results imply that programs interventions should include the improvement of core self-evaluations and the positive experience of unemployed people.

ACS Style

Tihana Virkes; Darja Maslić Seršić; Esther Lopez-Zafra. Core Self-Evaluations and Individual Strategies of Coping with Unemployment among Displaced Spanish Workers. The Spanish Journal of Psychology 2017, 20, E59 .

AMA Style

Tihana Virkes, Darja Maslić Seršić, Esther Lopez-Zafra. Core Self-Evaluations and Individual Strategies of Coping with Unemployment among Displaced Spanish Workers. The Spanish Journal of Psychology. 2017; 20 ():E59.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tihana Virkes; Darja Maslić Seršić; Esther Lopez-Zafra. 2017. "Core Self-Evaluations and Individual Strategies of Coping with Unemployment among Displaced Spanish Workers." The Spanish Journal of Psychology 20, no. : E59.