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Prof. Dr. Eleonora Trajano
Instituto Sauver

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0 Evolution
0 Chiroptera
0 Fish Behavior
0 Biodiversity & Conservation
0 Subterranean Biology

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Journal article
Published: 19 April 2021 in Subterranean Biology
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The troglobitic (exclusively subterranean source population) catfish Ituglanis passensis (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) is endemic to the Passa Três Cave, São Domingos karst area, Rio Tocantins basin, Central Brazil. This unique population presents variably reduced eyes and melanic pigmentation. We describe reproduction and early development in this species based on a spontaneous (non-induced) reproductive-event that occurred in the laboratory in January–February, 2009, while simultaneously comparing with data from the cave-habitat and a previous reproductive event. Egg laying was parceled. Egg-size and number were within variations observed in epigean congeners. Larvae behavior and growth is described. A single surviving specimen was monitored over two years. Eye-regression started late, one year after birth, and followed a pattern of stasis phases intercalated with slow growth and fluctuating asymmetric rates. Late eye regression, associated with asymmetry in eye development and intra-population variability of troglomorphic traits, as shown by several Brazilian subterranean fishes, provide support for the Neutral Mutation Theory.

ACS Style

Sandro Secutti; Eleonora Trajano. Reproduction, development, asymmetry and late eye regression in the Brazilian cave catfish Ituglanis passensis (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae): evidence contributing to the neutral mutation theory. Subterranean Biology 2021, 38, 91 -112.

AMA Style

Sandro Secutti, Eleonora Trajano. Reproduction, development, asymmetry and late eye regression in the Brazilian cave catfish Ituglanis passensis (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae): evidence contributing to the neutral mutation theory. Subterranean Biology. 2021; 38 ():91-112.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sandro Secutti; Eleonora Trajano. 2021. "Reproduction, development, asymmetry and late eye regression in the Brazilian cave catfish Ituglanis passensis (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae): evidence contributing to the neutral mutation theory." Subterranean Biology 38, no. : 91-112.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2021 in Diversity
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The Brazilian subterranean ichthyofauna is distinguished worldwide by high taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity, involving at least 30 exclusively subterranean (troglobitic) lineages. This may be explained by high native epigean diversty, allied to opportunities for colonization and genetic isolation in the subterranean biotope, thence originating troglobites. An updated list of Brazilian troglobitic lineages and a review of previous hypotheses on modes of colonization and differentiation in subterranean habitats are presented with fresh data and models. Colonization of and isolation in the subterranean biotope are independent processes, usually separate over time. Access to subterranean habitats varies from the (sub)horizontal through sinkholes and resurgences of base-level streams and vadose tributaries to the vertical by shallow and deep phreatic waters through the hyporheic zone. Phenotypic differentiation of subterranean populations originating troglobites may be achieved by various, non-mutually exclusive modes of genetic isolation, e.g., directly in base-level streams and upper tributaries through the extinction of epigean populations, due to drainage discontinuation in dry paleoclimatic phases (or by other causes), by topographic isolation due to a lowering of the regional base level and karst catchments or by parapatric differentiation. Differentiation may also be a consequence of transition from lotic to lentic waters in flooded caves, and from shallow to deep phreatic habitats.

ACS Style

Eleonora Trajano. Diversity of Brazilian Troglobitic Fishes: Models of Colonization and Differentiation in Subterranean Habitats. Diversity 2021, 13, 106 .

AMA Style

Eleonora Trajano. Diversity of Brazilian Troglobitic Fishes: Models of Colonization and Differentiation in Subterranean Habitats. Diversity. 2021; 13 (3):106.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eleonora Trajano. 2021. "Diversity of Brazilian Troglobitic Fishes: Models of Colonization and Differentiation in Subterranean Habitats." Diversity 13, no. 3: 106.

Journal article
Published: 20 February 2021 in Diversity
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We investigated population parameters using the capture-mark-recapture method (Ituglanis passensis and I. bambui) and visual censuses (I. epikasrticus and I. ramiroi). The four species are regionally threatened (Brazilian Red List) and occur in caves of Terra Ronca State Park, São Domingos region, Central Brazil. We conducted seven fieldtrips across three years of dry seasons. For the capture-mark-recapture method, a 400 m long stream inside Passa Três cave, where I. passensis occurs and a 300 m long reach of an upper tributary where I. bambui occurs inside Angélica cave were divided into 20 and 17 study sections, respectively. Catfishes were hand-netted, measured (standard length), weighed, marked by subcutaneous injection of biocompatible pigments, and released. The four species show medium-to-low mean population densities (0.03 ind/m2 0.7 ind/m2). Capture-mark-recapture data pointed to a relatively small population size for I. passensis, restricted to a 1600 m long stream inside Passa Três cave (N = 719) and for I. bambui (N = 246; 300 m of epikarstic drainage). Ituglanis passensis and I. bambui move along relatively small areas with a restricted home range. We observed recruitment patterns and a trend of decrease in condition factor during the dry seasons for I. bambui but not for I. passensis, suggesting that epikarstic waters are probably more limiting concerning food input. Ituglanis passensis and I. bambui showed low growth and consequently high longevity, corroborated by captivity data (20 years). We suggest urgent actions and long-term monitoring projects to effectively protect this unique and endemic ichthyofauna.

ACS Style

Maria Bichuette; Eleonora Trajano. Monitoring Brazilian Cavefish: Ecology and Conservation of Four Threatened Catfish of Genus Ituglanis (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from Central Brazil. Diversity 2021, 13, 91 .

AMA Style

Maria Bichuette, Eleonora Trajano. Monitoring Brazilian Cavefish: Ecology and Conservation of Four Threatened Catfish of Genus Ituglanis (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from Central Brazil. Diversity. 2021; 13 (2):91.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Bichuette; Eleonora Trajano. 2021. "Monitoring Brazilian Cavefish: Ecology and Conservation of Four Threatened Catfish of Genus Ituglanis (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from Central Brazil." Diversity 13, no. 2: 91.

Original article
Published: 01 January 2020 in Neotropical Ichthyology
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Organisms with source-populations restricted to the subterranean biotope (troglobites) are excellent models for comparative evolutionary studies, due to their specialization to permanent absence of light. Eye and dark pigment regression are characteristics of most troglobites. In spite of the advance in knowledge on the mechanisms behind eye regression in cave fishes, very little is known about pigmentation changes. Studies were focused on three species of the genus Pimelodella. Exemplars of the troglobitic P. spelaea and P. kronei were compared with the epigean (surface) P. transitoria, putative sister-species of the latter. Melanophore areas and densities are significantly lower in the troglobitic species. Evaluating the in vitro response of these cells to adrenaline, acetylcholine and MCH, we observed a reduced response in both troglobites to adrenaline. The same trend was observed with MCH, but not statistically significant. No response to acetilcholine was detected in all the three. Contrary to expectations, even though eye-regression in P. spelaea was much lower than in P. kronei, pigmentation regression was more advanced. Multiple mechanisms of loss showing a mosaic of traits in troglobitic fishes are discussed here.

ACS Style

Renato Grotta Grempel; Eleonora Trajano; Maria Aparecida Visconti. Regression of dark color in subterranean fishes involves multiple mechanisms: response to hormones and neurotransmitters. Neotropical Ichthyology 2020, 18, 1 .

AMA Style

Renato Grotta Grempel, Eleonora Trajano, Maria Aparecida Visconti. Regression of dark color in subterranean fishes involves multiple mechanisms: response to hormones and neurotransmitters. Neotropical Ichthyology. 2020; 18 (2):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Renato Grotta Grempel; Eleonora Trajano; Maria Aparecida Visconti. 2020. "Regression of dark color in subterranean fishes involves multiple mechanisms: response to hormones and neurotransmitters." Neotropical Ichthyology 18, no. 2: 1.

Journal article
Published: 12 December 2018 in Subterranean Biology
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A checklist of bats from Distrito Federal (DF) and Goiás state (GO) and, particularly a single cave (Passa Três cave), located in São Domingos karst area (GO), central Brazil, is presented. Data is based on literature and surveys carried out during 2,000 years. In total, 66 species were recorded, with 30 using caves as shelters. Passa Três cave harbors nine Phyllostomidae species; the most abundant species werePlatyrrhinuslineatus, Lonchorhinaaurita,DesmodusrotundusandCarolliaperspicillata; and the less abundantsTrachopscirrhosus,AnouracaudiferandGlossophagasoricina. Besides, the cave is shelter of two threatened bats -Lonchophylladekeyseri(Endangered category) andLonchorhinaaurita(Vulnerable category), included at Brazilian List of Threatened Fauna, and of a rare species,Lionycterisspurrelli. Passa Três cave shows enough attributes to be considered as a SICOM (Sites of Importance for Conservation of Bats), which would ensure its protection.

ACS Style

Maria Elina Bichuette; Eliana Do Amaral Gimenez; Ives Simões Arnone; Eleonora Trajano. An important site for conservation of bats in Brazil: Passa Três cave, São Domingos karst area, with an updated checklist for Distrito Federal (DF) and Goiás state. Subterranean Biology 2018, 28, 39 -51.

AMA Style

Maria Elina Bichuette, Eliana Do Amaral Gimenez, Ives Simões Arnone, Eleonora Trajano. An important site for conservation of bats in Brazil: Passa Três cave, São Domingos karst area, with an updated checklist for Distrito Federal (DF) and Goiás state. Subterranean Biology. 2018; 28 ():39-51.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Elina Bichuette; Eliana Do Amaral Gimenez; Ives Simões Arnone; Eleonora Trajano. 2018. "An important site for conservation of bats in Brazil: Passa Três cave, São Domingos karst area, with an updated checklist for Distrito Federal (DF) and Goiás state." Subterranean Biology 28, no. : 39-51.

Journal article
Published: 23 May 2018 in Subterranean Biology
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The Alto Ribeira karst area, southeastern Brazil, is a high-diversity area for troglobites. Three species of freshwater gastropodsPotamolithusoccur in the area:P.ribeirensis, only found in epigean waters at the Iporanga and Ribeira rivers;P.troglobius, which is endemic to the Areias cave system; andP.karsticus, a troglophilic species from Calcário Branco Cave and an epigean stream nearby. We investigated their distribution based on shell morphology and internal anatomy of epigean species, troglophilic populations, and troglobitic species. Distribution patterns ofPotamolithuswere compared to those of other aquatic taxa from the region (such as crustaceans and fishes). Besides the three species already described for the region, we recorded 12 additional ones, for a total of 15 species/morphs (six troglobites, seven troglophiles, and two epigean).Potamolithusspp. are restricted to micro-basins and/or caves, showing small areas of distribution and probably a high degree of endemism. Geomorphology (irregular landscape, with limestone outcrops intercalated with insoluble rocks, which probably act as geographic barriers for cave populations), paleoclimatic evidence, and ecological/biological factors, such as the low degree of mobility of these gastropods (sedentary habit), explain the distributional patterns. We observed troglomorphisms such as reduction/absence of eyes and pigmentation (body and periostracum), and a coiled intestine. Apparently, there is no cause-and-effect between miniaturization and intestine coiling forPotamolithus, in contrast to observations for other cave snails.Potamolithussnails are threatened in the region due to water pollution, uncontrolled tourism, and overcollection.

ACS Style

Maria Elina Bichuette; Eleonora Trajano. Diversity of Potamolithus (Littorinimorpha, Truncatelloidea) in a high-diversity spot for troglobites in southeastern Brazil: role of habitat fragmentation in the origin of subterranean fauna, and conservation status. Subterranean Biology 2018, 25, 61 -88.

AMA Style

Maria Elina Bichuette, Eleonora Trajano. Diversity of Potamolithus (Littorinimorpha, Truncatelloidea) in a high-diversity spot for troglobites in southeastern Brazil: role of habitat fragmentation in the origin of subterranean fauna, and conservation status. Subterranean Biology. 2018; 25 ():61-88.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Elina Bichuette; Eleonora Trajano. 2018. "Diversity of Potamolithus (Littorinimorpha, Truncatelloidea) in a high-diversity spot for troglobites in southeastern Brazil: role of habitat fragmentation in the origin of subterranean fauna, and conservation status." Subterranean Biology 25, no. : 61-88.

Journal article
Published: 17 February 2017 in Tropical Zoology
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ACS Style

Maria Elina Bichuette; Eleonora Trajano. Biology and behavior of Eigenmannia vicentespelaea , a troglobitic electric fish from Brazil (Teleostei: Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae): a comparison to the epigean species, E. trilineata , and the consequences of cave life. Tropical Zoology 2017, 30, 68 -82.

AMA Style

Maria Elina Bichuette, Eleonora Trajano. Biology and behavior of Eigenmannia vicentespelaea , a troglobitic electric fish from Brazil (Teleostei: Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae): a comparison to the epigean species, E. trilineata , and the consequences of cave life. Tropical Zoology. 2017; 30 (2):68-82.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Elina Bichuette; Eleonora Trajano. 2017. "Biology and behavior of Eigenmannia vicentespelaea , a troglobitic electric fish from Brazil (Teleostei: Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae): a comparison to the epigean species, E. trilineata , and the consequences of cave life." Tropical Zoology 30, no. 2: 68-82.

Original paper
Published: 11 July 2016 in Biodiversity and Conservation
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Subterranean ecosystems are among the most fragile and threatened worldwide. Among organisms living in the subterranean domain, source populations restricted to subterranean habitats are called troglobites, generally distinguished by sets of morphological, physiological, and ecological specializations. The singularities at both systemic (high dark and phylogenetic diversities) and species levels greatly contribute to regional and global biodiversity. However, good descriptive and interpretative knowledge about this diversity, which is important as a basis for effective conservation policies, is lacking especially for tropical areas. We describe and characterize Brazilian karst areas recognized as spots of high diversity of troglobites, highlighting particularly important cave systems. We considered not only taxonomic richness but also indicators of phylogenetic (e.g., presence of relictual taxa) and genetic diversities, the latter based on degree of specialization of individual species, i.e., accumulation of autapomorphies. For this, we used available literature and our own data, both published and unpublished. Only identifications validated by a taxonomist were considered, while all data based on parataxonomy were disregarded. We propose hypotheses based on models of origin of troglobites aiming to explain the differences between karst areas.

ACS Style

Eleonora Trajano; Jonas Eduardo Gallão; Maria Elina Bichuette Bichuette. Spots of high diversity of troglobites in Brazil: the challenge of measuring subterranean diversity. Biodiversity and Conservation 2016, 25, 1805 -1828.

AMA Style

Eleonora Trajano, Jonas Eduardo Gallão, Maria Elina Bichuette Bichuette. Spots of high diversity of troglobites in Brazil: the challenge of measuring subterranean diversity. Biodiversity and Conservation. 2016; 25 (10):1805-1828.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eleonora Trajano; Jonas Eduardo Gallão; Maria Elina Bichuette Bichuette. 2016. "Spots of high diversity of troglobites in Brazil: the challenge of measuring subterranean diversity." Biodiversity and Conservation 25, no. 10: 1805-1828.

Articles
Published: 01 March 2015 in Neotropical Ichthyology
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The troglobitic electric fish Eigenmannia vicentespelaea, endemic to a single cave-system and included in the Brazilian Red List of Threatened Fauna, was studied in relation to population densities and habitat. For comparison, we used the epigean species, E. trilineata. We verify if the population densities recorded for E. vicentespelaea follow the pattern observed for other subterranean fishes; if there are seasonal fluctuations in these densities and which environmental variables explain the densities variation. We estimated abundances and population densities during three consecutive dry seasons concomitant with habitat description and physicochemical variables measurements. For E. vicentespelaea: in six stream reaches in the São Vicente II cave. For E. trilineata: from counts of active fish in rio da Lapa. The mean population density recorded for E. vicentespelaea is considered low (0.17 ind.m-2), similar to those of E. trilineata (0.13 ind.m-2), without significant differences between the years, but with marked fluctuations during dry seasons within each year, suggesting seasonality. Estimated population size of E. vicentespelaea is considered low (270 individuals in average). Depth, water current and substrate, allied to plant debris explain better the variation of densities. Urgent actions for E. vicentespelaea conservation include protection of headsprings in Terra Ronca State Park.

ACS Style

Maria Elina Bichuette Bichuette; Eleonora Trajano. Population density and habitat of an endangered cave fish Eigenmannia vicentespelaea Triques, 1996 (Ostariophysi: Gymnotiformes) from a karst area in central Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology 2015, 13, 113 -122.

AMA Style

Maria Elina Bichuette Bichuette, Eleonora Trajano. Population density and habitat of an endangered cave fish Eigenmannia vicentespelaea Triques, 1996 (Ostariophysi: Gymnotiformes) from a karst area in central Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology. 2015; 13 (1):113-122.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Elina Bichuette Bichuette; Eleonora Trajano. 2015. "Population density and habitat of an endangered cave fish Eigenmannia vicentespelaea Triques, 1996 (Ostariophysi: Gymnotiformes) from a karst area in central Brazil." Neotropical Ichthyology 13, no. 1: 113-122.

Journal article
Published: 26 September 2014 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
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ACS Style

Ivanklin Soares Campos-Filho; Maria Elina Bichuette; Paula Beatriz Araujo; Eleonora Trajano; Stefano Taiti. Terrestrial isopods (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea) from Brazilian caves. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2014, 172, 1 .

AMA Style

Ivanklin Soares Campos-Filho, Maria Elina Bichuette, Paula Beatriz Araujo, Eleonora Trajano, Stefano Taiti. Terrestrial isopods (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea) from Brazilian caves. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2014; 172 (2):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ivanklin Soares Campos-Filho; Maria Elina Bichuette; Paula Beatriz Araujo; Eleonora Trajano; Stefano Taiti. 2014. "Terrestrial isopods (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea) from Brazilian caves." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 172, no. 2: 1.

Journal article
Published: 16 September 2012 in Tourism Management
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Traditionally, the concept of tourist carrying capacity has been understood as a tool for planning tourism in natural areas. As such it has focused on quantifying impacts that are consistent with maintaining a specific environment. In this article tourist carrying capacity is considered from a different viewpoint in a case study of a Brazilian show cave, the Diabo cave, near Eldorado city, São Paulo state. In this instance decisions concerning tourism had been based primarily on the advantages that tourism could provide in maintaining economic-administrative sustainability and community support. More recently, other factors based on natural limitations have been considered in a process of participative discussion among stakeholders seeking to preserve the caves and their sustainable usage. This process led to the conclusion that the carrying capacity of the caves should be flexible, conditioned by protocols of environmental monitoring with reference to levels of demand. Such monitoring, it is hoped, will permit the adjustment of the initial cave limits as a function of changes in the patterns of consumption, local realities, and the identification of unanticipated yet unacceptable environmental impacts.

ACS Style

Heros Augusto Santos Lobo; Eleonora Trajano; Maurício De Alcântara Marinho; Maria Elina Bichuette; José Antonio Basso Scaleante; Oscarlina Aparecida Furquim Scaleante; Bárbara Nazaré Rocha; Francisco Villela Laterza. Projection of tourist scenarios onto fragility maps: Framework for determination of provisional tourist carrying capacity in a Brazilian show cave. Tourism Management 2012, 35, 234 -243.

AMA Style

Heros Augusto Santos Lobo, Eleonora Trajano, Maurício De Alcântara Marinho, Maria Elina Bichuette, José Antonio Basso Scaleante, Oscarlina Aparecida Furquim Scaleante, Bárbara Nazaré Rocha, Francisco Villela Laterza. Projection of tourist scenarios onto fragility maps: Framework for determination of provisional tourist carrying capacity in a Brazilian show cave. Tourism Management. 2012; 35 ():234-243.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Heros Augusto Santos Lobo; Eleonora Trajano; Maurício De Alcântara Marinho; Maria Elina Bichuette; José Antonio Basso Scaleante; Oscarlina Aparecida Furquim Scaleante; Bárbara Nazaré Rocha; Francisco Villela Laterza. 2012. "Projection of tourist scenarios onto fragility maps: Framework for determination of provisional tourist carrying capacity in a Brazilian show cave." Tourism Management 35, no. : 234-243.

Articles
Published: 01 April 2012 in Biological Rhythm Research
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Subterranean organisms are excellent models for chronobiological studies, yet relatively few taxa have been investigated with this focus. Former results were interpreted as a pattern of regression of circadian locomotor activity rhythms in troglobitic (exclusively subterranean) species. In this paper we report results of experiments with cave fishes showing variable degrees of troglomorphism (reduction of eyes, melanic pigmentation and other specializations related to the hypogean life) submitted to light-dark cycles, preceded and followed by several days in constant darkness. Samples from seven species have been monitored in our laboratory for the detection of significant circadian rhythms in locomotor activity: S. typhlops, an extremely troglomophic species, presented the lowest number of significant components in the circadian range (only one individual out of eight in DD1 and three other fish in LD), all weak (low values of spectral power). Higher incidence of circadian components was observed for P. kronei – only one among six studied catfish without significant circadian rhythms under DD1 and DD2; spectral powers were generally high. Intermediate situations were observed for the remaining species, however all of them presented relatively strong significant rhythms under LD. Residual oscillations (circadian rhythms in DD2) were detected in at least part of the studied individuals of all species but S. typhlops, without a correlation with spectral powers of LD rhythms, i.e., individuals exhibiting residual oscillations were not necessarily those with the strongest LD rhythms. In conclusion, the accumulated evidence for troglobitic fishes strongly supports the hypothesis of external, environmental selection for circadian locomotor rhythms.

ACS Style

E. Trajano; J.C.H. Ueno; L. Menna-Barreto. Evolution of time-control mechanisms in subterranean organisms: cave fishes under light-dark cycles (Teleostei: Siluriformes, Characiformes). Biological Rhythm Research 2012, 43, 191 -203.

AMA Style

E. Trajano, J.C.H. Ueno, L. Menna-Barreto. Evolution of time-control mechanisms in subterranean organisms: cave fishes under light-dark cycles (Teleostei: Siluriformes, Characiformes). Biological Rhythm Research. 2012; 43 (2):191-203.

Chicago/Turabian Style

E. Trajano; J.C.H. Ueno; L. Menna-Barreto. 2012. "Evolution of time-control mechanisms in subterranean organisms: cave fishes under light-dark cycles (Teleostei: Siluriformes, Characiformes)." Biological Rhythm Research 43, no. 2: 191-203.

Journal article
Published: 16 November 2011 in Neotropical Ichthyology
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Two cave populations of Aspidoras albater catfish with reduced eyes and pigmentation were recently found near the city of Posse, São Domingos karst area, Goiás State, representing the first known case of a troglomorphic callichthyid catfish. Cave specimens are described and compared to epigean specimens of A. albater, but morphometric differences between the epigean and the cave populations are not adequate to delimit as distinct species.

ACS Style

Sandro Secutti; Roberto E Reis; Eleonora Trajano. Differentiating cave Aspidoras catfish from a karst area of Central Brazil, upper rio Tocantins basin (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae). Neotropical Ichthyology 2011, 9, 689 -695.

AMA Style

Sandro Secutti, Roberto E Reis, Eleonora Trajano. Differentiating cave Aspidoras catfish from a karst area of Central Brazil, upper rio Tocantins basin (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae). Neotropical Ichthyology. 2011; 9 (4):689-695.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sandro Secutti; Roberto E Reis; Eleonora Trajano. 2011. "Differentiating cave Aspidoras catfish from a karst area of Central Brazil, upper rio Tocantins basin (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae)." Neotropical Ichthyology 9, no. 4: 689-695.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2010 in Estudos Avançados
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São discutidos conceitos fundamentais à elaboração de políticas ambientais cientificamente embasadas e, portanto, consistentes e eficazes, como o de biodiversidade (baseado na noção de variedade), conservação, resiliência de ecossistemas, fragilidade e perturbação, efeitos acumulativos e princípio da precaução. São analisados os dois principais instrumentos que vêm sendo considerados nesse âmbito, quais sejam as áreas prioritárias para conservação da biodiversidade e as listas de espécies ameaçadas de extinção; na prática, estas últimas são o único aplicado quando da análise de pedidos de licenciamento de empreendimentos. Finalmente, são detalhados critérios mínimos de suficiência amostral para estudos ambientais embasando tais pedidos: abrangência taxonômica (que deve ser completa nos levantamentos), espacial (incluindo áreas de influência de cada empreendimento) e temporal (pelo menos três ciclos anuais), testadas por meio de curvas de acumulação de espécies. A legislação referente a cavernas é utilizada como exemplo.

ACS Style

Eleonora Trajano. Políticas de conservação e critérios ambientais: princípios, conceitos e protocolos. Estudos Avançados 2010, 24, 135 -146.

AMA Style

Eleonora Trajano. Políticas de conservação e critérios ambientais: princípios, conceitos e protocolos. Estudos Avançados. 2010; 24 (68):135-146.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eleonora Trajano. 2010. "Políticas de conservação e critérios ambientais: princípios, conceitos e protocolos." Estudos Avançados 24, no. 68: 135-146.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2009 in Biota Neotropica
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After an ichthyofaunistic survey conducted in May 2007 on surface (epigean) water bodies of Cordisburgo karst area, State of Minas Gerais, 13 species were recorded, mostly characiforms; in addition three non-troglomorphic (normally eyed and pigmented) and one troglomorphic catfish (siluriforms) species were recorded in two caves surveyed at different occasions, totaling 17 fish species for the area. All the nominal species herein reported for Cordisburgo area have been previously reported for the Rio das Velhas basin. None of the species observed in caves were found in epigean habitats and vice-versa. The four cave species are distributed throughout subterranean stream reaches, with individuals at different size/age classes. This, associated to the lack of conspicuous morphological differences in relation to epigean congeners, indicate that Trichomycterus brasiliensis, Gymnotus cf. carapo and Pimelodella cf. vittata are troglophiles (species encompassing individuals able to live and complete their life cycle either in the surface or in the subterranean environment) in the Morena Cave; the latter forms a large population and may be at the beginning of a differentiation process due to isolation in the subterranean habitat, as indicated by a slight reduction in eye size. Topographic isolation may be the cause for the incipient, but unmistakable troglomorphism of the Rhamdiopsis population found in the Salitre Cave, allowing for its classification as troglobite (exclusively subterranean species). The Cordisburgo area is subject to significant anthropic pressure, mainly represented by deforestation for agriculture, cattle raising and timbering. Tourism is an additional important threat for cave communities, calling for urgent protection measures.

ACS Style

Eleonora Trajano; Sandro Secutti; George Mendes Taliaferro Mattox. Epigean and subterranean ichthyofauna in Cordisburgo karst area, eastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica 2009, 9, 277 -281.

AMA Style

Eleonora Trajano, Sandro Secutti, George Mendes Taliaferro Mattox. Epigean and subterranean ichthyofauna in Cordisburgo karst area, eastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica. 2009; 9 (3):277-281.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eleonora Trajano; Sandro Secutti; George Mendes Taliaferro Mattox. 2009. "Epigean and subterranean ichthyofauna in Cordisburgo karst area, eastern Brazil." Biota Neotropica 9, no. 3: 277-281.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2009 in Neotropical Ichthyology
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The troglobitic armored catfish, Ancistrus cryptophthalmus (Loricariidae, Ancistrinae) is known from four caves in the São Domingos karst area, upper rio Tocantins basin, Central Brazil. These populations differ in general body shape and degree of reduction of eyes and of pigmentation. The small Passa Três population (around 1,000 individuals) presents the most reduced eyes, which are not externally visible in adults. A small group of Passa Três catfish, one male and three females, reproduced spontaneously thrice in laboratory, at the end of summertime in 2000, 2003 and 2004. Herein we describe the reproductive behavior during the 2003 event, as well as the early development of the 2003 and 2004 offsprings, with focus on body growth and ontogenetic regression of eyes. The parental care by the male, which includes defense of the rock shelter where the egg clutch is laid, cleaning and oxygenation of eggs, is typical of many loricariids. On the other hand, the slow development, including delayed eye degeneration, low body growth rates and high estimated longevity (15 years or more) are characteristic of precocial, or K-selected, life cycles. In the absence of comparable data for close epigean relatives (Ancistrus spp.), it is not possible to establish whether these features are an autapomorphic specialization of the troglobitic A. cryptophthalmus or a plesiomorphic trait already present in the epigean ancestor, possibly favoring the adoption of the life in the food-poor cave environment. We briefly discuss the current hypotheses on eye regression in troglobitic vertebrates.

ACS Style

Sandro Secutti; Eleonora Trajano. Reproductive behavior, development and eye regression in the cave armored catfish, Ancistrus cryptophthalmus Reis, 1987 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), breed in laboratory. Neotropical Ichthyology 2009, 7, 479 -490.

AMA Style

Sandro Secutti, Eleonora Trajano. Reproductive behavior, development and eye regression in the cave armored catfish, Ancistrus cryptophthalmus Reis, 1987 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), breed in laboratory. Neotropical Ichthyology. 2009; 7 (3):479-490.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sandro Secutti; Eleonora Trajano. 2009. "Reproductive behavior, development and eye regression in the cave armored catfish, Ancistrus cryptophthalmus Reis, 1987 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), breed in laboratory." Neotropical Ichthyology 7, no. 3: 479-490.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2009 in Biota Neotropica
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During the exploration and mapping of new caves in Serra do Ramalho karst area, southern Bahia state, cavers from the Grupo Bambuí de Pesquisas Espeleológicas - GBPE (Belo Horizonte) noticed the presence of troglomorphic catfishes (species with reduced eyes and/or melanic pigmentation), which we intensively investigated with regards to their ecology and behavior since 2005. Non-troglomorphic fishes regularly found in the studied caves were included in this investigation. We present here data on the natural history of two troglobitic (exclusively subterranean troglomorphic species) fishes - Rhamdia enfurnada Bichuette & Trajano, 2005 (Heptapteridae; Gruna do Enfurnado) and Trichomycterus undescribed species (Trichomycteridae; Lapa dos Peixes and Gruna da Água Clara), and non-troglomorphic Hoplias cf. malabaricus, probably a troglophile (able to form populations both in epigean and subterranean habitats) in the Gruna do Enfurnado, and Pimelodella sp., a species with a sink population in the Lapa dos Peixes.

ACS Style

Eleonora Trajano; Sandro Secutti; Maria Elina Bichuette Bichuette. Natural history and population data of fishes in caves of the Serra do Ramalho karst area, Middle São Francisco basin, northeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica 2009, 9, 129 -133.

AMA Style

Eleonora Trajano, Sandro Secutti, Maria Elina Bichuette Bichuette. Natural history and population data of fishes in caves of the Serra do Ramalho karst area, Middle São Francisco basin, northeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica. 2009; 9 (1):129-133.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eleonora Trajano; Sandro Secutti; Maria Elina Bichuette Bichuette. 2009. "Natural history and population data of fishes in caves of the Serra do Ramalho karst area, Middle São Francisco basin, northeastern Brazil." Biota Neotropica 9, no. 1: 129-133.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2008 in Neotropical Ichthyology
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A cave population of the armored catfish Isbrueckerichthys alipionis is reported from the Santana Cave, in the rio Betari watershed, Upper Ribeira karst area, Iporanga, São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil. The cave population was compared to an epigean population of I. alipionis and no significant differences where found in morphology or degree of pigmentation. As the cave population is known for at least 30 years and is apparently isolated from epigean streams, it is classified as troglophilic. The discovery of this troglophilic species in the Santana Cave is an additional strong argument for the conservation of that cave.

ACS Style

Eleonora Trajano; Sandro Secutti; Edson H. L. Pereira; Roberto E. Reis. A cave population of Isbrueckerichthys alipionis (Gosline, 1947) in the Upper Ribeira karst area, southeastern Brazil (Siluriformes: Loricariidae). Neotropical Ichthyology 2008, 6, 679 -682.

AMA Style

Eleonora Trajano, Sandro Secutti, Edson H. L. Pereira, Roberto E. Reis. A cave population of Isbrueckerichthys alipionis (Gosline, 1947) in the Upper Ribeira karst area, southeastern Brazil (Siluriformes: Loricariidae). Neotropical Ichthyology. 2008; 6 (4):679-682.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eleonora Trajano; Sandro Secutti; Edson H. L. Pereira; Roberto E. Reis. 2008. "A cave population of Isbrueckerichthys alipionis (Gosline, 1947) in the Upper Ribeira karst area, southeastern Brazil (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)." Neotropical Ichthyology 6, no. 4: 679-682.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2008 in Biota Neotropica
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After an ichthyofaunistic survey in several epigean (surface) water bodies of the Serra do Ramalho, southern Bahia, conducted in May 2007, 44 species were recorded; in addition, three non-troglomorphic (normally eyed and pigmented) and two troglomorphic species were recorded only in caves, totaling 49 species of fishes for the area, which represents a little more than one fourth of the total registered in the literature for the entire Rio São Francisco basin. In these caves, which have been studied since 2005, eight non-troglomorphic species were sampled and their presence in both epigean and subterranean habitats, associated to the lack of morphological differences, indicate that they may be either troglophiles (species encompassing individuals able to live and complete their life cycle either in the surface or in the subterranean environment), trogloxenes (individuals regularly found in subterranean habitats, but which must return periodically to the surface in order to complete their life cycle) or even accidental in caves. In addition, two troglomorphic species (with reduced eyes and melanic pigmentation when compared to close epigean relatives), belonging respectively to the genera Rhamdia and Trichomycterus, were recorded exclusively in caves, thus classified as troglobites. Interestingly, no epigean representative of the genus Trichomycterus was collected. The new data are integrated into updated lists of Brazilian troglobitic and troglophilic fishes, based on published data and new records recently confirmed.

ACS Style

George Mendes Taliaferro Mattox; Maria Elina Bichuette Bichuette; Sandro Secutti; Eleonora Trajano. Surface and subterranean ichthyofauna in the Serra do Ramalho karst area, northeastern Brazil, with updated lists of Brazilian troglobitic and troglophilic fishes. Biota Neotropica 2008, 8, 145 -152.

AMA Style

George Mendes Taliaferro Mattox, Maria Elina Bichuette Bichuette, Sandro Secutti, Eleonora Trajano. Surface and subterranean ichthyofauna in the Serra do Ramalho karst area, northeastern Brazil, with updated lists of Brazilian troglobitic and troglophilic fishes. Biota Neotropica. 2008; 8 (4):145-152.

Chicago/Turabian Style

George Mendes Taliaferro Mattox; Maria Elina Bichuette Bichuette; Sandro Secutti; Eleonora Trajano. 2008. "Surface and subterranean ichthyofauna in the Serra do Ramalho karst area, northeastern Brazil, with updated lists of Brazilian troglobitic and troglophilic fishes." Biota Neotropica 8, no. 4: 145-152.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2008 in Neotropical Ichthyology
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Troglobitic (exclusively subterranean) organisms usually present, among their apomorphies related to the subterranean life (troglomorphisms), the regression of eyes and melanic pigmentation. The degree of regression varies among species, from a slight reduction to the complete loss of eyes and dark pigmentation, without a taxonomic correlation. While mechanisms of eye reduction have been intensively investigated in some troglobites such as the Mexican blind tetra characins, genus Astyanax, and the European salamander, Proteus anguinus, few studies have focused on pigmentation. The Brazilian subterranean ichthyofauna distinguishes not only by the species richness (23 troglobitic fishes so far known) but also by the variation in the degree of reduction of eyes and pigmentation. This study focused on Brazilian fishes completely devoid of melanic pigmentation: the characiform Stygichthys typhlops (Characidae) and the siluriforms Ancistrus formoso (Loricariidae), Rhamdiopsis sp.1 (Heptapteridae; from caves in the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia) and Rhamdiopsis sp. 2 (cave in Campo Formoso, Bahia). In order to investigate if such depigmentation is the result of blockage in some step in the melanogenesis, in vitro tests of administration of L-DOPA were done, using caudal-fin fragments extracted from living fish. Except for Rhamdiopsis sp. 2, all the studied species were DOPA(+), i.e., melanin was synthesized after L-DOPA administration. This indicates these fish do have melanophores but they are unable to convert L-tyrosine to L-DOPA. On the other hand, Rhamdiopsis sp. 2, like the albino specimens of Trichomycterus itacarambiensis previously studied (which correspond to one third of the population), are DOPA(-), either because the block of melanin synthesis occurs downstream in melanogenesis, which is probably the case with T. itacarambiensis (monogenic system in view of the phenotypic discontinuity), or because the so-called albinos do no possess melanophores. The physiological loss in the ability to synthesize melanin, apparently caused by different genetic processes in DOPA(+) and in DOPA(-) fishes, may co-exist in subterranean populations with a decrease in the density of melanophores, as observed in the pigmented two thirds of T. itacarambiensis population, a morphological reduction apparently controlled by polygenic systems producing a continuous phenotypic variation.

ACS Style

Vanessa Felice; Maria Aparecida Visconti; Eleonora Trajano. Mechanisms of pigmentation loss in subterranean fishes. Neotropical Ichthyology 2008, 6, 657 -662.

AMA Style

Vanessa Felice, Maria Aparecida Visconti, Eleonora Trajano. Mechanisms of pigmentation loss in subterranean fishes. Neotropical Ichthyology. 2008; 6 (4):657-662.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vanessa Felice; Maria Aparecida Visconti; Eleonora Trajano. 2008. "Mechanisms of pigmentation loss in subterranean fishes." Neotropical Ichthyology 6, no. 4: 657-662.