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Auxin is the reciprocal signaling molecule, which interferes with other phyto-hormonal and physiological processes during plant–microbes interaction. In this regard, Bipolaris spp., a growth-promoting endophytic fungus was used to inoculate pre-stressed Zea mays seedlings with yucasin (IAA inhibitor). The IAA-deficient host was heavily colonized by the endophyte that subsequently promoted the host growth and elevated the IAA levels with a peak value at 72 h. However, the seedling growth was inhibited later (i.e., at 120 h) due to the high levels of IAA that interfered with the activity of phytoalexins and brassinosteroids. Such interference also modulated the endophytic fungus from symbiotic to biotrophic pathogen that left the host plants defenseless.
Muhammad Junaid Yousaf; Anwar Hussain; Muhammad Hamayun; Amjad Iqbal; Muhammad Irshad; Ho-Youn Kim; In-Jung Lee. Transformation of Endophytic Bipolaris spp. Into Biotrophic Pathogen Under Auxin Cross-Talk With Brassinosteroids and Abscisic Acid. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 2021, 9, 1 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Junaid Yousaf, Anwar Hussain, Muhammad Hamayun, Amjad Iqbal, Muhammad Irshad, Ho-Youn Kim, In-Jung Lee. Transformation of Endophytic Bipolaris spp. Into Biotrophic Pathogen Under Auxin Cross-Talk With Brassinosteroids and Abscisic Acid. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. 2021; 9 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Junaid Yousaf; Anwar Hussain; Muhammad Hamayun; Amjad Iqbal; Muhammad Irshad; Ho-Youn Kim; In-Jung Lee. 2021. "Transformation of Endophytic Bipolaris spp. Into Biotrophic Pathogen Under Auxin Cross-Talk With Brassinosteroids and Abscisic Acid." Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 9, no. : 1.
Plants are susceptible to various environmental constrains, including heat stress due to their sessile nature. Endophytic fungi can be used as a novel technique to protect crop plants against the injurious effects of thermal stress. Endophytic fungi were isolated from Adiantum capillus-veneris L. and tested against heat stress in Glycine max L. and Helianthus annuus L. The results exhibited increased levels of the plant’s chlorophyll, height and biomass in Aspergillus foetidus (AdR-13) inoculated host crop species. Conversely, a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was noted in A. foetidus-associated host crop species. Likewise, the amounts of ROS-degrading antioxidants (glutathione reductase (GR), peroxidase (POD), ascorbic acid oxidase (AAO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT)) as well as phenolics were increased, while the amounts of proline and abscisic acid (ABA) were decreased in fungal-associated test crops. Total lipids, proteins and sugars were noted to be high in A. foetidus-associated test crops. From the results, we concluded that A. foetidus have a role in heat stress mitigation that might help to sustain the production of important crops in the future.
Ismail; Muhammad Hamayun; Anwar Hussain; Amjad Iqbal; Sumera Khan; Ayaz Ahmad; Sarah Gul; Ho-Youn Kim; In-Jung Lee. Aspergillus foetidus Regulated the Biochemical Characteristics of Soybean and Sunflower under Heat Stress Condition: Role in Sustainability. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7159 .
AMA StyleIsmail, Muhammad Hamayun, Anwar Hussain, Amjad Iqbal, Sumera Khan, Ayaz Ahmad, Sarah Gul, Ho-Youn Kim, In-Jung Lee. Aspergillus foetidus Regulated the Biochemical Characteristics of Soybean and Sunflower under Heat Stress Condition: Role in Sustainability. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (13):7159.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsmail; Muhammad Hamayun; Anwar Hussain; Amjad Iqbal; Sumera Khan; Ayaz Ahmad; Sarah Gul; Ho-Youn Kim; In-Jung Lee. 2021. "Aspergillus foetidus Regulated the Biochemical Characteristics of Soybean and Sunflower under Heat Stress Condition: Role in Sustainability." Sustainability 13, no. 13: 7159.
High temperature is one of the compelling ecological stresses faced by the plants owing to anthropogenic activities of mankind. Recently, endophytic fungi are considered to be a novel tool to counteract the consequences of thermal stress in crops. Owing to the problem, we isolated fungal endophytes from Dryopteris blanfordii and their growth favoring potential in rice seedlings. Endophytic fungi have the proficiency to secrete plant growth stimulating secondary metabolites that help the host plants to restore growth under harsh environments. The isolated Penicillium glabrum (DryR- 30) helped the host plant species, i.e. Glycine max L. and Helianthus annuus L. under thermal stress. P. glabrum associated with G. max and H. annuus exposed to 40ºC not only boosted their host growth attributes (total biomass, plant height and chlorophyll contents), but also significantly curtailed the synthesis of reactive oxygen species and lipids peroxidation. Moreover, the abscisic acid (ABA) and proline concentrations were significantly reduced, while the accumulation of ROS-degrading enzymes, such as catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbic acid oxidase (AAO), glutathione reductase (GR) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were increased in P. glabrum-associated crops. Additionally, the protein, lipid and sugar contents in tested plants were also improved. These stirring findings suggest that P. glabrum can be applied to food crops as a thermal stress alleviation tool.
Ismail Ismail; Muhammad Hamayun; Anwar Hussain; Amjad Iqbal; Sumera Afzal Khan; Sarah Gul; Hamayoon Khan; Khushnood Ur Rehman; Hamida Bibi; In-Jung Lee. Penicillium Glabrum Acted as a Heat Stress Relieving Endophyte in Soybean and Sunflower. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 2021, 30, 3099 -3110.
AMA StyleIsmail Ismail, Muhammad Hamayun, Anwar Hussain, Amjad Iqbal, Sumera Afzal Khan, Sarah Gul, Hamayoon Khan, Khushnood Ur Rehman, Hamida Bibi, In-Jung Lee. Penicillium Glabrum Acted as a Heat Stress Relieving Endophyte in Soybean and Sunflower. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 2021; 30 (4):3099-3110.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsmail Ismail; Muhammad Hamayun; Anwar Hussain; Amjad Iqbal; Sumera Afzal Khan; Sarah Gul; Hamayoon Khan; Khushnood Ur Rehman; Hamida Bibi; In-Jung Lee. 2021. "Penicillium Glabrum Acted as a Heat Stress Relieving Endophyte in Soybean and Sunflower." Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 30, no. 4: 3099-3110.
Heavy metal contamination due to anthropogenic activities is a great threat to modern humanity. A novel and natural technique of bioremediation using microbes for detoxification of HMs while improving plants' growth is the call of the day. In this study, exposing soybean plants to different concentrations (i.e., 10 and 50 µg/mL) of chromium and arsenic showed a severe reduction in agronomic attributes, higher ROS production, and disruption in the antioxidant system. Contrarily, rhizobacterial isolate C18 inoculation not only rescued host growth, but also improved the production of nonenzymatic antioxidants (i.e., flavonoids, phenolic and proline contents) and enzymatic antioxidants (i.e., CAT, APX, POD, and DPPH), higher ROS scavenging, and lower ROS accumulation. Thereby, lowering secondary oxidative stress and subsequent damage. The strain was identified using 16S rDNA sequencing, and was identified as Pseudocitrobacter anthropi. Additionally, the strain can endure metals up to 1200 µg/mL and efficient in detoxifying the effect of Cr and As, by regulating phytohormones (IAA 59.02 μg/mL and GA 101.88 nM/mL) and solubilizing inorganic phosphates, making them excellent phytostimulant, biofertilizers, and heavy metal bio-remediating agent.
Husna Husna; Anwar Hussain; Mohib Shah; Muhammad Hamayun; Amjad Iqbal; Waheed Murad; Muhammad Irshad; Muhammad Qadir; Ho-Youn Kim. Pseudocitrobacter Anthropi Reduces Heavy Metal Uptake and Improves Phytohormones and Antioxidant System in Glycine Max L. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleHusna Husna, Anwar Hussain, Mohib Shah, Muhammad Hamayun, Amjad Iqbal, Waheed Murad, Muhammad Irshad, Muhammad Qadir, Ho-Youn Kim. Pseudocitrobacter Anthropi Reduces Heavy Metal Uptake and Improves Phytohormones and Antioxidant System in Glycine Max L. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHusna Husna; Anwar Hussain; Mohib Shah; Muhammad Hamayun; Amjad Iqbal; Waheed Murad; Muhammad Irshad; Muhammad Qadir; Ho-Youn Kim. 2021. "Pseudocitrobacter Anthropi Reduces Heavy Metal Uptake and Improves Phytohormones and Antioxidant System in Glycine Max L." , no. : 1.
In the present study, we have isolated endophytic fungi Gliocladium cibotii from Verbena officinalis L. and tested against Oryza sativa L. seedlings for growth promotion. The strain was used to help Glycine max L. and Helianthus annuus L. under thermal stress. Association of G. cibotii with G. max and H. annuus enhanced chlorophyll contents, total biomass and plant height. Also, G. cibotii significantly curtailed lipids peroxidation and ROS (reactive oxygen species) in host species exposed to heat stress (40ºC). Furthermore, the concentration of ROS-degrading enzymes, like ascorbic acid oxidase (AAO), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were boosted in test crops, while concentration of proline and ABA were inhibited. The phenolics and nutritional value (total lipids, proteins and sugars) of experimental plants were also enhanced. The results conclude that G. cibotii can be used as a heat stress mitigating weapon for food crops in the future.
Ismail Ismail; Muhammad Hamayun; Anwar Hussain; Amjad Iqbal; Sumera Afzal Khan; Muhammad Aaqil Khan; In-Jung Lee. An Endophytic Fungus Gliocladium cibotii Regulates Metabolic and Antioxidant System of Glycine max and Helianthus annuus under Heat Stress. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 2021, 30, 1631 -1640.
AMA StyleIsmail Ismail, Muhammad Hamayun, Anwar Hussain, Amjad Iqbal, Sumera Afzal Khan, Muhammad Aaqil Khan, In-Jung Lee. An Endophytic Fungus Gliocladium cibotii Regulates Metabolic and Antioxidant System of Glycine max and Helianthus annuus under Heat Stress. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 2021; 30 (2):1631-1640.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsmail Ismail; Muhammad Hamayun; Anwar Hussain; Amjad Iqbal; Sumera Afzal Khan; Muhammad Aaqil Khan; In-Jung Lee. 2021. "An Endophytic Fungus Gliocladium cibotii Regulates Metabolic and Antioxidant System of Glycine max and Helianthus annuus under Heat Stress." Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 30, no. 2: 1631-1640.
Chemical crosstalk between plant roots and associated microbes is imperative for the initiation of symbiosis. Phenolics, flavonoids and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) are acclaimed as signaling molecules in developing plant-microbe symbiosis. The role of IAA and flavonoids in establishing a symbiotic relationship between Aspergillus nomius wlg2 and maize roots have also been observed during the present study. The isolate A. nomius wlg2 and maize roots have secreted flavonoids and IAA that helped in A. nomius-maize association. However, the suppression of either flavonoids or IAA secretion reduced the endophyte colonization of the maize roots by 77% and 67%, respectively. The main flavonoids secreted by maize were identified as luteolin, calycosin, phenolics cis-caftaric acid, and caffeoyl-d-glucose. The identified flavonoids were most likely to be involved in the root-endophyte association. To establish a plant-microbe interaction, the complex chemical dialogue is necessary for which IAA and flavonoids play a central role.
Asif Mehmood; Anwar Hussain; Muhammad Irshad; Muhammad Hamayun; Amjad Iqbal; Abdul Tawab; Naeem Khan. Yucasin and cinnamic acid inhibit IAA and flavonoids biosynthesis minimizing interaction between maize and endophyte Aspergillus nomius. Symbiosis 2020, 81, 149 -160.
AMA StyleAsif Mehmood, Anwar Hussain, Muhammad Irshad, Muhammad Hamayun, Amjad Iqbal, Abdul Tawab, Naeem Khan. Yucasin and cinnamic acid inhibit IAA and flavonoids biosynthesis minimizing interaction between maize and endophyte Aspergillus nomius. Symbiosis. 2020; 81 (2):149-160.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAsif Mehmood; Anwar Hussain; Muhammad Irshad; Muhammad Hamayun; Amjad Iqbal; Abdul Tawab; Naeem Khan. 2020. "Yucasin and cinnamic acid inhibit IAA and flavonoids biosynthesis minimizing interaction between maize and endophyte Aspergillus nomius." Symbiosis 81, no. 2: 149-160.
Contamination of agricultural land with heavy metal is a serious biological and environmental issue. Such threat can be challenged by exploring the plant symbiotic microbes that can improve plant growth through phyto-hormones secretion and chromate chelation. In the current study, chromate resistant rhizospheric Staphylococcus arlettae strain MT4 was isolated from the rhizosphere of Malvestrum tricuspadatum L. The strain showed potential to secrete phytohormones and plant growth promoting secondary metabolites under induced chromate stress, making it a best suitable candidate in chromate stress alleviation. Moreover, the rhizobacterium MT4 significantly promoted the net assimilation and relative growth rate of sunflower grown in the presence of chromate (100 ppm). Chromate stress alleviation strategy of MT4 strain was three-fold. MT4 alleviated chromate stress and promoted the sunflower growth by suppressing the chromate intake by the host, modulating phytohormones and strengthening of the host’s antioxidant system. The improved antioxidant system was confirmed by noticing lower ROS accumulation and improved ROS scavenging, lower peroxidase activity and higher accumulation of phenols and flavonoids.
Muhammad Qadir; Anwar Hussain; Muhammad Hamayun; Mohib Shah; Amjad Iqbal; Husna; Waheed Murad. Phytohormones producing rhizobacterium alleviates chromium toxicity in Helianthus annuus L. by reducing chromate uptake and strengthening antioxidant system. Chemosphere 2020, 258, 127386 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Qadir, Anwar Hussain, Muhammad Hamayun, Mohib Shah, Amjad Iqbal, Husna, Waheed Murad. Phytohormones producing rhizobacterium alleviates chromium toxicity in Helianthus annuus L. by reducing chromate uptake and strengthening antioxidant system. Chemosphere. 2020; 258 ():127386.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Qadir; Anwar Hussain; Muhammad Hamayun; Mohib Shah; Amjad Iqbal; Husna; Waheed Murad. 2020. "Phytohormones producing rhizobacterium alleviates chromium toxicity in Helianthus annuus L. by reducing chromate uptake and strengthening antioxidant system." Chemosphere 258, no. : 127386.
Background: Brucellosis is an economically important zoonotic disease caused by the gram negative bacteria belonging to the genus Brucella. Medicinal plants are well known for a wide variety of potential antimicrobial agents that can be used as anti-microbial drugs. Method: In the present study, crude ethanol and methanol extracts of local plants (Berberies lyceum and Fagonia cretica) were tested in vitro against Brucella melitensis via well diffusion method for their antibacterial activity. In in-silico study, phytochemicals previously identified in the selected plants were docked with homology model of the cytotoxic factor malate synthase G (MSG) highly conserved among Brucella spp., in Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) to predict a potential drug against B. melitensis. Molecular dynamic simulation was performed to predict the stability of MSG through MOE. Result: Ethanolic crude extracts of B. lyceum showed maximum zone of inhibition (32.5 mm) followed by methanolic extracts (30 mm), while ethanolic extracts of F. cretica showed zone of inhibition (29 mm) followed by methanolic extracts (27.5 mm). In silico screening predicted phytic acid as the most potent inhibitor followed by jehlumine, barbamine, oxyberberine and sindamine. Conclusion: The synergistic utilization of phytochemicals derived from B. lyceum may potentially provide protection against B. melitensis.
Ijaz Muhammad; Sadaf Niaz; Anwar Hussain; Saghir Ahmad; Noor Rahman; Haroon Khan; Abid Ali; Gul E Nayab. Molecular docking and in-vitro analysis of Fagonia cretica and Berberis lyceum extract against Brucella melitensis. Current Computer Aided-Drug Design 2020, 16, 1 -14.
AMA StyleIjaz Muhammad, Sadaf Niaz, Anwar Hussain, Saghir Ahmad, Noor Rahman, Haroon Khan, Abid Ali, Gul E Nayab. Molecular docking and in-vitro analysis of Fagonia cretica and Berberis lyceum extract against Brucella melitensis. Current Computer Aided-Drug Design. 2020; 16 ():1-14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIjaz Muhammad; Sadaf Niaz; Anwar Hussain; Saghir Ahmad; Noor Rahman; Haroon Khan; Abid Ali; Gul E Nayab. 2020. "Molecular docking and in-vitro analysis of Fagonia cretica and Berberis lyceum extract against Brucella melitensis." Current Computer Aided-Drug Design 16, no. : 1-14.
Rhizobacteria are known to produce a variety of signal molecules which may modify plant growth by interfering with phytohormone balance. Among the microbial signals are phytohormones, known to contribute to plant endogenous pool of phytohormones. The current chapter describes different methods to study the regulation of gene expression in root apical meristem in response to rhizobacterial inoculation. We describe protocol for the detection of in planta modulation of CKs and IAA by rhizobacteria and their impact on root growth, dissecting the underlying plant signaling pathway by RNA sequencing.
Anwar Hussain; Husna; Ihsan Ullah; Muhammad Naseem. Plant-Associated Microbes Alter Root Growth by Modulating Root Apical Meristem. Methods in Molecular Biology 2019, 2094, 49 -58.
AMA StyleAnwar Hussain, Husna, Ihsan Ullah, Muhammad Naseem. Plant-Associated Microbes Alter Root Growth by Modulating Root Apical Meristem. Methods in Molecular Biology. 2019; 2094 ():49-58.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnwar Hussain; Husna; Ihsan Ullah; Muhammad Naseem. 2019. "Plant-Associated Microbes Alter Root Growth by Modulating Root Apical Meristem." Methods in Molecular Biology 2094, no. : 49-58.
Plants are multicellular organism composed of different types of cells. These all kinds of cells are formed from pluripotent stem cells present at different positions in plant called stem cell niches. All these stem cell niches and their boundaries are maintained by complex regulatory mechanism at molecular level involving different genes, cofactors, and phytohormones. In this chapter, we discussed the regulatory mechanism and models of stem cell maintenance, specifying their boundaries at different stem cell niches.
Aqib Syed; Anwar Hussain; Waheed Murad; Badshah Islam. Regulatory Role of Phytohormones in Maintaining Stem Cells and Boundaries of Stem Cell Niches. Methods in Molecular Biology 2019, 2094, 1 -16.
AMA StyleAqib Syed, Anwar Hussain, Waheed Murad, Badshah Islam. Regulatory Role of Phytohormones in Maintaining Stem Cells and Boundaries of Stem Cell Niches. Methods in Molecular Biology. 2019; 2094 ():1-16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAqib Syed; Anwar Hussain; Waheed Murad; Badshah Islam. 2019. "Regulatory Role of Phytohormones in Maintaining Stem Cells and Boundaries of Stem Cell Niches." Methods in Molecular Biology 2094, no. : 1-16.
Besides acting as growth inducing molecule, Gibberellin (GA3) also confers the compatibility of microbial interactions with host. We inoculated 11 days oldZ. maysseedlings grown under hydroponic conditions and high GA3levels withBipolaris sorokiniana(BIPOL) at the spore density (SD) of OD0.6. The high level of GA3negatively affected the growth of the seedlings, accompanied by the high level of stress deducing secondary metabolites (proline, total flavanoids, phenylpropanoids, and glucosinolides). Moreover, high level of GA3produced a hypersensitive response (HR) in the seedlings. The HR developed cross talks with IAA and trans-zeatins and triggered higher production of hypersensitive inducing biomolecules. The other HR co-related biological processes were demonstrated by high phytoalexins level and high protease activities. Such activities ultimately inhibited the colonization of BIPOL on the roots of maize seedlings. The products of the genes expressed at high GA3also conferred the deterrence of BIPOL colonization at SD = OD0.6. Intriguingly, when we inhibited GA3biosynthesis in the seedlings with aerially sprayed uniconizole, prior to BIPOL treatment, the BIPOL colonized and subsequently promoted the seedling growth. This low level of GA3after BIPOL treatment checked the high level of secondary metabolites and hypersensitivity inducing molecules. The results, thus suggested that the aforementioned processes only happened in the BIPOL at SD (OD0.6), whereas the SD at lower levels (OD0.2or OD0.4) neither promoted the growth of uniconizole pre-treated seedlings nor produced HR in control seedlings of maize plant.
Muhammad Junaid Yousaf; Anwar Hussain; Muhammad Hamayun; Amjad Iqbal; Muhammad Irshad; Ayaz Ahmad; In-Jung Lee. Phytohormonal cross-talk modulate Bipolaris sorokiniana (Scc.)interaction with Zea mays. 2019, 847061 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Junaid Yousaf, Anwar Hussain, Muhammad Hamayun, Amjad Iqbal, Muhammad Irshad, Ayaz Ahmad, In-Jung Lee. Phytohormonal cross-talk modulate Bipolaris sorokiniana (Scc.)interaction with Zea mays. . 2019; ():847061.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Junaid Yousaf; Anwar Hussain; Muhammad Hamayun; Amjad Iqbal; Muhammad Irshad; Ayaz Ahmad; In-Jung Lee. 2019. "Phytohormonal cross-talk modulate Bipolaris sorokiniana (Scc.)interaction with Zea mays." , no. : 847061.
The growth promoting activities of the isolated endophyte Aspergillus terreus from Aloe barbendsis was studied in the salt stressed Pennisetum glaucum (pearl millet). A significant (P = 0.05) increase in the root-shoot lengths, fresh and dry weights and chlorophyll content of pearl millet seedlings was noticed after colonization by A. terreus under normal conditions. At 100 mM NaCl stress and A. terreus inoculation, the growth rate of pearl millet seedlings were significantly (P = 0.05) inhibited. Furthermore, the IAA production, relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll, soluble sugar, phenol and flavonoid contents were significantly decreased, whereas proline content and lipid peroxidation were increased. On the contrary, pearl millet seedlings inoculated with A. terreus retained significantly (P = 0.05) higher amounts of RWC, chlorophyll, soluble sugar, phenol and flavonoid contents under 100 mM salt stress. The higher IAA production in A. terreus associated seedlings rescued the plant growth and development under salt stress. Moreover, the LC MS/MS analysis of A. terreus cultural filtrate revealed the presence of quinic acid, ellagic acid, calycosin, wogonin, feruloylquinic acid, caffeic acid phenylethyl ester, D-glucoside, myricetin, propoxyphene and aminoflunitrazepam. The results of the study conclude that innoculation of A. terreus improves the NaCl tolerance in pearl millet by ameliorating the physicochemical attributes of the host plants.
Faiza Khushdil; Farzana Gul Jan; Gul Jan; Muhammad Hamayun; Amjad Iqbal; Anwar Hussain; Nusrat Bibi. Salt stress alleviation in Pennisetum glaucum through secondary metabolites modulation by Aspergillus terreus. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 2019, 144, 127 -134.
AMA StyleFaiza Khushdil, Farzana Gul Jan, Gul Jan, Muhammad Hamayun, Amjad Iqbal, Anwar Hussain, Nusrat Bibi. Salt stress alleviation in Pennisetum glaucum through secondary metabolites modulation by Aspergillus terreus. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 2019; 144 ():127-134.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFaiza Khushdil; Farzana Gul Jan; Gul Jan; Muhammad Hamayun; Amjad Iqbal; Anwar Hussain; Nusrat Bibi. 2019. "Salt stress alleviation in Pennisetum glaucum through secondary metabolites modulation by Aspergillus terreus." Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 144, no. : 127-134.
The current climate changes in the form of global warming are one of the leading threats to agricultural crops (including soybean and sunflower). To enable the crops to cope with the heat stress, innovative steps are needed to be taken as soon as possible. Fungal endophytes are known to secrete secondary metabolites that promote the growth of host plants under stress conditions. Therefore, we have isolated endophytic fungus from Euphorbia indica (a wild desert plant) and tested it for plant growth promoting activities. The culture filtrate of the fungal strains exhibited the presence of secondary metabolites. Higher amounts of indole acetic acid (IAA), salicylic acid (SA), flavonoids, and phenolics have been found in the culture filtrate. The 18S rDNA sequence homology and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolate is Aspergillus flavus. Soybean and sunflower seedlings were inoculated with the identified A. flavus. The A. flavus-associated seedlings along with the control (without A. flavus) were monitored for thermal stress resistance in a growth chamber, operated at 25°C and 40°C. Control seedlings exposed to high temperature stress had higher levels of abscisic acid (ABA), proline, and lower levels of phenols, flavonoids, catalase, and ascorbic acid oxidase. Similarly, a higher reduction in chlorophyll, root-shoot length, and dry weight has been noticed in the control seedlings. The results suggested the usefulness of A. flavus in host plant growth promotion under heat stress conditions.
Ismail; Muhammad Hamayun; Anwar Hussain; Sumera Afzal Khan; Amjad Iqbal; In-Jung Lee. Aspergillus flavus Promoted the Growth of Soybean and Sunflower Seedlings at Elevated Temperature. BioMed Research International 2019, 2019, 1 -13.
AMA StyleIsmail, Muhammad Hamayun, Anwar Hussain, Sumera Afzal Khan, Amjad Iqbal, In-Jung Lee. Aspergillus flavus Promoted the Growth of Soybean and Sunflower Seedlings at Elevated Temperature. BioMed Research International. 2019; 2019 ():1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsmail; Muhammad Hamayun; Anwar Hussain; Sumera Afzal Khan; Amjad Iqbal; In-Jung Lee. 2019. "Aspergillus flavus Promoted the Growth of Soybean and Sunflower Seedlings at Elevated Temperature." BioMed Research International 2019, no. : 1-13.
Salinity stress can severely affect the growth and production of the crop plants. Cheap and reliable actions are needed to enable the crop plants to grow normal under saline conditions. Modification at the molecular level to produce resistant cultivars is one of the promising, yet highly expensive techniques, whereas application of endophytes on the other hand are very cheap. In this regard, the role of Cochliobolus sp. in alleviating NaCl-induced stress in okra has been investigated. The growth and biomass yield, relative water content, chlorophyll content and IAA were decreased, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline content were increased in okra plants treated with 100 mM NaCl. On the contrary, okra plants inoculated with C. lunatus had higher shoot length, root length, plant dry weight, chlorophyll, carotenoids, xanthophyll, phenolicss, flavonoids, IAA, total soluble sugar and relative water content, while lower MDA. LC-MS/MS analysis of the Cochliobolus sp. extract revealed the presence of pinocembrin, chlorogenic acids, wogonin, calycosin and diadzein as a salinity stress reliever. From the results, it can be concluded that colonization of Cochliobolus sp. improves the NaCl tolerance by ameliorating the physicochemical attributes of the host plants.
Nusrat Bibi; Gul Jan; Farzana Gul Jan; Muhammad Hamayun; Amjad Iqbal; Anwar Hussain; Hazir Rehman; Abdul Tawab; Faiza Khushdil. Cochliobolus sp. acts as a biochemical modulator to alleviate salinity stress in okra plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 2019, 139, 459 -469.
AMA StyleNusrat Bibi, Gul Jan, Farzana Gul Jan, Muhammad Hamayun, Amjad Iqbal, Anwar Hussain, Hazir Rehman, Abdul Tawab, Faiza Khushdil. Cochliobolus sp. acts as a biochemical modulator to alleviate salinity stress in okra plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 2019; 139 ():459-469.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNusrat Bibi; Gul Jan; Farzana Gul Jan; Muhammad Hamayun; Amjad Iqbal; Anwar Hussain; Hazir Rehman; Abdul Tawab; Faiza Khushdil. 2019. "Cochliobolus sp. acts as a biochemical modulator to alleviate salinity stress in okra plants." Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 139, no. : 459-469.
Endophytic fungi have been considered as strong plant growth promoters due to phytohormones production. The current study reports the isolation of endophytic fungi from bio-prospective medicinal plant cannabis sativa. Endophytic fungus Bipolaris sp. CSL-1 from the leaves of C. sativa was isolated. Culture filtrate (CF) was primarily investigated for indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellins (GAs) and was further evaluated for its capability to enhance mutant Waito-C rice growth attributes. A variety of plant growth characteristics, including seedling length, seedling biomass, and chlorophyll content, were significantly promoted by the CF, and the growth-promoting effect was due to IAA and various GAs in the CF. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis revealed the quantities (ng/mL) of various GAs, including GA1 (0.758 ± 0.005), GA3 (0.00015 ± 0.005), GA4 (0.945 ± 0.081), GA7 (0.6382 ± 0.012), GA9 (0.0125 ± 0.0002), and GA24 (0.0139 ± 0.0013). Similarly, endogenous GA4 (33.243 ± 4.36), GA24 (29.64 ± 2.68), GA7 (22.5 ± 1.3), and GA12 (25.21 ± 2.8) were significantly upregulated in rice mutant after CF application. Furthermore, RT-PCR indicated that IAA and GA pathway genes (des, ggs2, P50-1, P450-4, and iaaH) were expressed in CSL-1 and the combined application of CSL-1 spore suspension with yucasin and uniconazole to maize seedlings revealed that CSL-1 such as exogenous GA3 and IAA alleviated the negative effect of uniconazole and yucasin and promoted maize-seedling growth. These findings suggest that the endophytic fungus CSL-1, which produces IAA and GAs, can play a vital role in promoting plant growth and that CSL-1 could be used to enhance crop growth and mitigate plant stress under a variety of environmental conditions.
Lubna; Sajjad Asaf; Abdul Latif Khan; Muhammad Waqas; Sang-Mo Kang; Muhammad Hamayun; In-Jung Lee; Anwar Hussain. Growth-promoting bioactivities of Bipolaris sp. CSL-1 isolated from Cannabis sativa suggest a distinctive role in modifying host plant phenotypic plasticity and functions. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 2019, 41, 65 .
AMA StyleLubna, Sajjad Asaf, Abdul Latif Khan, Muhammad Waqas, Sang-Mo Kang, Muhammad Hamayun, In-Jung Lee, Anwar Hussain. Growth-promoting bioactivities of Bipolaris sp. CSL-1 isolated from Cannabis sativa suggest a distinctive role in modifying host plant phenotypic plasticity and functions. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 2019; 41 (5):65.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLubna; Sajjad Asaf; Abdul Latif Khan; Muhammad Waqas; Sang-Mo Kang; Muhammad Hamayun; In-Jung Lee; Anwar Hussain. 2019. "Growth-promoting bioactivities of Bipolaris sp. CSL-1 isolated from Cannabis sativa suggest a distinctive role in modifying host plant phenotypic plasticity and functions." Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 41, no. 5: 65.
To combat salinity, plants need easily accessible, safe and sustainable mechanisms for optimum growth. Recently, endophytes proved to be the promising candidates that helped the host plant to thrive under stress conditions. Therefore, the aim was to discover endophytic strain(s) and their mechanism of action to alleviate salt stress in maize. Keeping the diverse role of endophytes in view, 9 endophytic fungi from the spines of Euphorbia milli L. were isolated. Among the isolated fungal isolates, isolate FH1 was selected for further study on the basis of high antioxidant activity and capability to produce high indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-acetamide (IAM), phenol and flavonoid contents. The 18S rDNA sequence homology and phylogenetic analysis of the fungal isolate FH1 revealed to be Yarrowia lipolytica. Furthermore, the inoculation of Y. lipolytica FH1 had significantly promoted plant growth attributes in treated maize as compared to positive (salt stress) and negative (salt stress free) controls. Likewise, differences in chlorophyll, carotenes, electrolyte leakage, leaf relative water, peroxidase, catalase, ABA, IAA and proline contents were observed between treated maize and controls. Interestingly, Y. lipolytica FH1 inoculated plants showed lower endogenous ABA and higher endogenous IAA contents. From the results, we have concluded that Y. lipolytica inoculation has promoted the growth of maize plants through controlled metabolism and hormonal secretions (ABA and IAA) under salinity stress. Because of the fact, Y. lipolytica can be tried as an eco-friendly bio-fertilizer to achieve optimum crop productivity under saline conditions.
Farzana Gul Jan; Muhammad Hamayun; Anwar Hussain; Gul Jan; Amjad Iqbal; Aman Khan; In-Jung Lee. An endophytic isolate of the fungus Yarrowia lipolytica produces metabolites that ameliorate the negative impact of salt stress on the physiology of maize. BMC Microbiology 2019, 19, 3 .
AMA StyleFarzana Gul Jan, Muhammad Hamayun, Anwar Hussain, Gul Jan, Amjad Iqbal, Aman Khan, In-Jung Lee. An endophytic isolate of the fungus Yarrowia lipolytica produces metabolites that ameliorate the negative impact of salt stress on the physiology of maize. BMC Microbiology. 2019; 19 (1):3.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFarzana Gul Jan; Muhammad Hamayun; Anwar Hussain; Gul Jan; Amjad Iqbal; Aman Khan; In-Jung Lee. 2019. "An endophytic isolate of the fungus Yarrowia lipolytica produces metabolites that ameliorate the negative impact of salt stress on the physiology of maize." BMC Microbiology 19, no. 1: 3.
We have isolated an endophytic fungus with heat stress alleviation potential from wild plant Euphorbia indica L. The phylogenetic analysis and 18S rDNA sequence homology revealed that the designated isolate was Aspergillus japonicus EuR-26. Analysis of A. japonicus culture filtrate displayed higher concentrations of salicylic acid (SA), indoleacetic acid (IAA), flavonoids, and phenolics. Furthermore, A. japonicus association with soybean and sunflower had improved plant biomass and other growth features under high temperature stress (40°C) in comparison to endophyte-free plants. In fact, endophytic association mitigated heat stress by negotiating the activities of abscisic acid, catalase, and ascorbic acid oxidase in both soybean and sunflower. The nutritional quality (phenolic, flavonoids, soluble sugars, proteins, and lipids) of the A. japonicus-associated seedlings has also improved under heat stress in comparison to endophyte-free plants. From the results, it is concluded that A. japonicus can modulate host plants growth under heat stress and can be used as thermal stress alleviator in arid and semiarid regions of the globe (where mean summer temperature exceeds 40°C) to sustain agriculture.
Ismail; Muhammad Hamayun; Anwar Hussain; Amjad Iqbal; Sumera Afzal Khan; In-Jung Lee. Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus japonicus Mediates Host Plant Growth under Normal and Heat Stress Conditions. BioMed Research International 2018, 2018, 1 -11.
AMA StyleIsmail, Muhammad Hamayun, Anwar Hussain, Amjad Iqbal, Sumera Afzal Khan, In-Jung Lee. Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus japonicus Mediates Host Plant Growth under Normal and Heat Stress Conditions. BioMed Research International. 2018; 2018 ():1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsmail; Muhammad Hamayun; Anwar Hussain; Amjad Iqbal; Sumera Afzal Khan; In-Jung Lee. 2018. "Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus japonicus Mediates Host Plant Growth under Normal and Heat Stress Conditions." BioMed Research International 2018, no. : 1-11.
Cinnamic acid (CA) is an allelochemical that inhibits the growth of root promoting soil microorganisms. To prevent the growth of soil microbes, CA modulates several metabolic pathways in host plants and soil microbes. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of CA on maize root growth, exudation of secondary metabolites and its interaction with beneficial endophyte Pz11. The endophyte Pz11 was isolated from the roots of drought stressed Asphodelus tenuifolius (wild onion). The Pz11 strain was identified as Fusarium culmorum by homology of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of 18 S rDNA sequence. The F. culmorum Pz11 produced phytostimulants and signaling compounds, such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), flavonoids and sugars. Moreover, the strain have effectively colonized the roots of maize and subsequently enhanced the growth of its host plants. On the contrary, application of CA has reduced root growth in maize seedlings as well as root colonization ability of F. culmorum Pz11. Also, maize seedlings exposed to CA exude low quantities of flavonoids and polyphenols. In conclusion, CA reduces the maize root growth and exudation of secondary metabolites, which may affects its ability to attract plant growth promoting endophytic fungi.
Asif Mehmood; Anwar Hussain; Muhammad Irshad; Muhammad Hamayun; Amjad Iqbal; Hazir Rahman; Abdul Tawab; Ayaz Ahmad; Sultan Ayaz. Cinnamic acid as an inhibitor of growth, flavonoids exudation and endophytic fungus colonization in maize root. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 2018, 135, 61 -68.
AMA StyleAsif Mehmood, Anwar Hussain, Muhammad Irshad, Muhammad Hamayun, Amjad Iqbal, Hazir Rahman, Abdul Tawab, Ayaz Ahmad, Sultan Ayaz. Cinnamic acid as an inhibitor of growth, flavonoids exudation and endophytic fungus colonization in maize root. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 2018; 135 ():61-68.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAsif Mehmood; Anwar Hussain; Muhammad Irshad; Muhammad Hamayun; Amjad Iqbal; Hazir Rahman; Abdul Tawab; Ayaz Ahmad; Sultan Ayaz. 2018. "Cinnamic acid as an inhibitor of growth, flavonoids exudation and endophytic fungus colonization in maize root." Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 135, no. : 61-68.
Hepatitis, a common liver inflammation, is one of the major public health issues around the world. Proper interpretation of clinical data for the diagnosis of hepatitis is an important problem that needs to be addressed. In this study, a hybrid intelligent approach, combining information gain method and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), is proposed for the diagnosis of fatal hepatitis disorder. Initially, the hepatitis dataset obtained from the University of California Irvine machine learning repository is preprocessed to make it suitable for the mining process. After the preprocessing stage, information gain method is applied to condense the number of features in order to decrease computation time and classification complexity. Selected features are then fed into the ANFIS classifier system. The performance of the proposed approach was evaluated using statistical methods, and the highest results for the classification accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity analysis of the proposed system reached were 95.24%, 91.7%, and 96.17%, respectively. The obtained results show that the proposed intelligent system has a good diagnosis performance and can be applied as a promising tool for the diagnosis of hepatitis.
Waheed Ahmad; Ayaz Ahmad; Amjad Iqbal; Muhammad Hamayun; Anwar Hussain; Gauhar Rehman; Salman Khan; Ubaid Ullah Khan; Dawar Khan; LiCan Huang. Intelligent hepatitis diagnosis using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system and information gain method. Soft Computing 2018, 23, 10931 -10938.
AMA StyleWaheed Ahmad, Ayaz Ahmad, Amjad Iqbal, Muhammad Hamayun, Anwar Hussain, Gauhar Rehman, Salman Khan, Ubaid Ullah Khan, Dawar Khan, LiCan Huang. Intelligent hepatitis diagnosis using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system and information gain method. Soft Computing. 2018; 23 (21):10931-10938.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWaheed Ahmad; Ayaz Ahmad; Amjad Iqbal; Muhammad Hamayun; Anwar Hussain; Gauhar Rehman; Salman Khan; Ubaid Ullah Khan; Dawar Khan; LiCan Huang. 2018. "Intelligent hepatitis diagnosis using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system and information gain method." Soft Computing 23, no. 21: 10931-10938.
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) plays an important role in plant microbe interactions. Current study explored the role of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) as a signalling molecule for chemical dialogue between endophytic fungus and host plant roots. The endophytic fungus was isolated from the leaves of drought stressed Withenia somnifera and was identified as Aspergillus awamori Wl1 through ITS region of 18 S rDNA sequence. The isolated Wl1 strain was capable of producing important secondary metabolites, including IAA, phenols and sugars. Culture filtrate of the strain contained 24.2, 275.4 and 127.4 μg/mL of IAA, phenols and sugars, respectively. The strain has efficiently colonized the maize roots and enhanced the growth of host plant. In order to determine the role of IAA in root colonization by endophyte, we inhibited the biosynthesis of IAA. Inhibition of IAA production by foliar application of yucasin effectively reduced the colonization of endophyte in maize roots by 52%, whereas root application of yucasin has decreased the colonization frequency by 66%. However, the application of IAA restored the ability of Aspergillus awamori to colonize maize roots and significantly improved various growth parameters. From these observations, it is concluded that IAA plays a vital role in initiating a crosstalk between the two partners.
Asif Mehmood; Anwar Hussain; Muhammad Irshad; Muhammad Hamayun; Amjad Iqbal; Naeem Khan. In vitro production of IAA by endophytic fungus Aspergillus awamori and its growth promoting activities in Zea mays. Symbiosis 2018, 77, 225 -235.
AMA StyleAsif Mehmood, Anwar Hussain, Muhammad Irshad, Muhammad Hamayun, Amjad Iqbal, Naeem Khan. In vitro production of IAA by endophytic fungus Aspergillus awamori and its growth promoting activities in Zea mays. Symbiosis. 2018; 77 (3):225-235.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAsif Mehmood; Anwar Hussain; Muhammad Irshad; Muhammad Hamayun; Amjad Iqbal; Naeem Khan. 2018. "In vitro production of IAA by endophytic fungus Aspergillus awamori and its growth promoting activities in Zea mays." Symbiosis 77, no. 3: 225-235.