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M. T. Amin
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia

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Journal article
Published: 03 July 2021 in Crystals
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Efforts are being devoted to reducing the harmful effect of the construction industry around the globe, including the use of rice husk ash as a partial replacement of cement. However, no method is available to date to predict the compressive strength (CS) of rice husk ash blended concrete (RHAC). In this study, advanced machine learning techniques (artificial neural network, artificial neuro-fuzzy inference system) were used to predict the CS of RHAC. Based on the published literature, six inputs, i.e., age of specimen, percentage of rice husk ash, percentage of superplasticizer, aggregates, water, and amount of cement, were selected. Results obtained from machine learning methods were compared with traditional methods such as linear and non-linear regressions. It was observed that the performance of machine learning methods was superior to traditional methods for determining the CS of RHAC. This study will prove beneficial in minimizing the cost and time of executing laboratory experiments for designing the optimum content portions of RHAC.

ACS Style

Muhammad Amin; Ammar Iqtidar; Kaffayatullah Khan; Muhammad Javed; Faisal Shalabi; Muhammad Qadir. Comparison of Machine Learning Approaches with Traditional Methods for Predicting the Compressive Strength of Rice Husk Ash Concrete. Crystals 2021, 11, 779 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Amin, Ammar Iqtidar, Kaffayatullah Khan, Muhammad Javed, Faisal Shalabi, Muhammad Qadir. Comparison of Machine Learning Approaches with Traditional Methods for Predicting the Compressive Strength of Rice Husk Ash Concrete. Crystals. 2021; 11 (7):779.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Amin; Ammar Iqtidar; Kaffayatullah Khan; Muhammad Javed; Faisal Shalabi; Muhammad Qadir. 2021. "Comparison of Machine Learning Approaches with Traditional Methods for Predicting the Compressive Strength of Rice Husk Ash Concrete." Crystals 11, no. 7: 779.

Journal article
Published: 31 March 2021 in Current Applied Physics
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The nanofibrous membrane of polyacrylonitrile (NMP) was successfully synthesized after NaOH and NaHCO3 treatment aiming its functionalization using electrospinning for cadmium ion (Cd2+) adsorption. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) revealed that small particles attached to the surface of functionalized PAN nanofibers. Equilibrium was attained after 60 min following a rapid uptake of Cd2+ with maximum adsorption capacity and percentage removal at an optimum solution pH of 7.0. The adsorbent dose of 0.3 g and 90 mg L−1 of initial Cd2+ concentration yielded the maximum adsorption capacity. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model was the best fitted to the adsorption data, indicating that the chemisorption is the controlling mechanism of adsorption. The physisorption was proposed based on the calculated values of the mean free energy of adsorption from the D–R isotherm (E < 8 kJ mol−1). Furthermore, three-parameter isotherm models indicated the homogeneous and heterogeneous Cd2+ adsorption onto NMP adsorbent.

ACS Style

M.T. Amin; A.A. Alazba; M. Shafiq. Nanofibrous membrane of polyacrylonitrile with efficient adsorption capacity for cadmium ions from aqueous solution: Isotherm and kinetic studies. Current Applied Physics 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

M.T. Amin, A.A. Alazba, M. Shafiq. Nanofibrous membrane of polyacrylonitrile with efficient adsorption capacity for cadmium ions from aqueous solution: Isotherm and kinetic studies. Current Applied Physics. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M.T. Amin; A.A. Alazba; M. Shafiq. 2021. "Nanofibrous membrane of polyacrylonitrile with efficient adsorption capacity for cadmium ions from aqueous solution: Isotherm and kinetic studies." Current Applied Physics , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 29 March 2021 in Sustainability
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The production of biosorbents by waste biomass has attracted considerable attention due to the low cost and abundance of the raw materials. Here biochar produced from Eucalyptus camdulensis sawdust (EU-biochar) via pyrolysis at 600 °C was used as a potential biosorbent for Ni2+ and Pb2+ metal ions from wastewater. Characterization experiments indicated the formation of C- and O-bearing functional groups on the EU-biochar surface, while shifts and changes in the shape of C–H bands suggested the adsorption of Ni2+ and Pb2+ onto EU-biochar by interacting with surface carboxylic groups. Pb2+ was adsorbed more quickly than Ni2+, indicating a faster and stronger interaction of Pb2+ with EU-biochar compared to Ni2+. As the initial concentrations of both metal ions increased, the percentage removal decreased, whereas increasing the EU-biochar dose improved the percentage removal but impaired the adsorption capacity for Ni2+ and Pb2+. The adsorption capacity could only be improved without affecting the percentage removal of both ions by increasing the pH of the metal solutions. The sorption efficiency of EU-biochar and the removal mechanism of Ni2+ and Pb2+ were further explored using non-linear and linear forms of kinetic and isotherm models.

ACS Style

Muhammad Shafiq; Abdulrahman Alazba; Muhammad Amin. Kinetic and Isotherm Studies of Ni2+ and Pb2+ Adsorption from Synthetic Wastewater Using Eucalyptus camdulensis—Derived Biochar. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3785 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Shafiq, Abdulrahman Alazba, Muhammad Amin. Kinetic and Isotherm Studies of Ni2+ and Pb2+ Adsorption from Synthetic Wastewater Using Eucalyptus camdulensis—Derived Biochar. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (7):3785.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Shafiq; Abdulrahman Alazba; Muhammad Amin. 2021. "Kinetic and Isotherm Studies of Ni2+ and Pb2+ Adsorption from Synthetic Wastewater Using Eucalyptus camdulensis—Derived Biochar." Sustainability 13, no. 7: 3785.

Journal article
Published: 24 March 2021 in Sustainability
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Eucalyptus camdulensis biochar (Ec-bio) was used to adsorb crystal violet (CV) and methylene blue (MB) dyes, which was optimized and further evaluated using different isotherm and kinetic models. Microscopy and spectroscopy techniques showed the interactions of the dyes with the surface functional groups of the Ec-bio, resulting in the removal of the dyes from aqueous solution. Both dyes were immediately uptaken, with equilibrium reached in 60 min, with a higher sorption efficiency of CV compared to MB. Thermodynamic parameters showed endothermic adsorption and the nonspontaneous adsorption of both dyes onto the Ec-bio. Both the adsorption capacity and percentage removal increased with the increasing solution pH from 2.0 to 4.0 and to 10 for CV and MB. An increase in adsorption capacity was observed upon increasing the initial concentrations, with a corresponding decrease in the percentage removal. The pseudo-second-order (PSO) and Elovich kinetic models (nonlinear approach) were a good fit to the data of both dyes, confirming a chemisorptive adsorption process. The Langmuir isotherm fitted well to the CV data, supporting its monolayer adsorption onto the Ec-bio, while the Freundlich isotherm was a good fit to the MB dye data, suggesting the surface heterogeneity of the Ec-bio. The Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm was a good fit to the adsorption CV data compared with the MB dye, suggesting the physisorption of both dyes onto the Ec-bio due to its mean free energy of adsorption of −1.

ACS Style

Muhammad Amin; Abdulrahman Alazba; Muhammad Shafiq. Successful Application of Eucalyptus Camdulensis Biochar in the Batch Adsorption of Crystal Violet and Methylene Blue Dyes from Aqueous Solution. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3600 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Amin, Abdulrahman Alazba, Muhammad Shafiq. Successful Application of Eucalyptus Camdulensis Biochar in the Batch Adsorption of Crystal Violet and Methylene Blue Dyes from Aqueous Solution. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (7):3600.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Amin; Abdulrahman Alazba; Muhammad Shafiq. 2021. "Successful Application of Eucalyptus Camdulensis Biochar in the Batch Adsorption of Crystal Violet and Methylene Blue Dyes from Aqueous Solution." Sustainability 13, no. 7: 3600.

Journal article
Published: 06 March 2021 in Sustainability
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The waste disposal crisis and development of various types of concrete simulated by the construction industry has encouraged further research to safely utilize the wastes and develop accurate predictive models for estimation of concrete properties. In the present study, sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA), a by-product from the agricultural industry, was processed and used in the production of green concrete. An advanced variant of machine learning, i.e., multi expression programming (MEP), was then used to develop predictive models for modeling the mechanical properties of SCBA substitute concrete. The most significant parameters, i.e., water-to-cement ratio, SCBA replacement percentage, amount of cement, and quantity of coarse and fine aggregate, were used as modeling inputs. The MEP models were developed and trained by the data acquired from the literature; furthermore, the modeling outcome was validated through laboratory obtained results. The accuracy of the models was then assessed by statistical criteria. The results revealed a good approximation capacity of the trained MEP models with correlation coefficient above 0.9 and root means squared error (RMSE) value below 3.5 MPa. The results of cross-validation confirmed a generalized outcome and the resolved modeling overfitting. The parametric study has reflected the effect of inputs in the modeling process. Hence, the MEP-based modeling followed by validation with laboratory results, cross-validation, and parametric study could be an effective approach for accurate modeling of the concrete properties.

ACS Style

Muhammad Shah; Muhammad Amin; Kaffayatullah Khan; Muhammad Niazi; Fahid Aslam; Rayed Alyousef; Muhammad Javed; Amir Mosavi. Performance Evaluation of Soft Computing for Modeling the Strength Properties of Waste Substitute Green Concrete. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2867 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Shah, Muhammad Amin, Kaffayatullah Khan, Muhammad Niazi, Fahid Aslam, Rayed Alyousef, Muhammad Javed, Amir Mosavi. Performance Evaluation of Soft Computing for Modeling the Strength Properties of Waste Substitute Green Concrete. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2867.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Shah; Muhammad Amin; Kaffayatullah Khan; Muhammad Niazi; Fahid Aslam; Rayed Alyousef; Muhammad Javed; Amir Mosavi. 2021. "Performance Evaluation of Soft Computing for Modeling the Strength Properties of Waste Substitute Green Concrete." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2867.

Research article
Published: 04 March 2021 in Advances in Civil Engineering
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In this research, multiexpression programming (MEP) has been employed to model the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength of waste sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) concrete. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was used to fine-tune the hyperparameter of the proposed MEP. The formulation of SCBA concrete was correlated with five input parameters. To train and test the proposed model, a large number of data were collected from the published literature. Afterward, waste SCBA was collected, processed, and characterized for partial replacement of cement in concrete. Concrete specimens with varying proportion of SCBA were prepared in the laboratory, and results were used for model validation. The performance of the developed models was then evaluated by statistical criteria and error assessment tests. The result shows that the performance of MEP with PSO algorithm significantly enhanced its accuracy. The essential input variables affecting the output were revealed, and the parametric analysis confirms that the models are accurate and have captured the essential properties of SCBA. Finally, the cross validation ensured the generalized capacity and robustness of the models. Hence, the adopted approach, i.e., MEP-based modeling with PSO, could be an effective tool for accurate modeling of the concrete properties, thus directly contributing to the construction sector by consuming waste and protecting the environment.

ACS Style

Muhammad Izhar Shah; Shazim Ali Memon; Muhammad Sohaib Khan Niazi; Muhammad Nasir Amin; Fahid Aslam; Muhammad Faisal Javed. Machine Learning-Based Modeling with Optimization Algorithm for Predicting Mechanical Properties of Sustainable Concrete. Advances in Civil Engineering 2021, 2021, 1 -15.

AMA Style

Muhammad Izhar Shah, Shazim Ali Memon, Muhammad Sohaib Khan Niazi, Muhammad Nasir Amin, Fahid Aslam, Muhammad Faisal Javed. Machine Learning-Based Modeling with Optimization Algorithm for Predicting Mechanical Properties of Sustainable Concrete. Advances in Civil Engineering. 2021; 2021 ():1-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Izhar Shah; Shazim Ali Memon; Muhammad Sohaib Khan Niazi; Muhammad Nasir Amin; Fahid Aslam; Muhammad Faisal Javed. 2021. "Machine Learning-Based Modeling with Optimization Algorithm for Predicting Mechanical Properties of Sustainable Concrete." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021, no. : 1-15.

Journal article
Published: 30 January 2021 in Materials
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This study focused on evaluating dune sand stabilized with lime and volcanic ash as base course materials in engineering construction. Dune sands are found in Saudi Arabia in huge quantities. Due to the high demand for construction materials, this makes them highly suitable for construction. A testing program was designed to investigate the effect of adding different percentages by weight of lime (L: 0, 2, 4, and 6%) and volcanic ash (VA: 0, 1, 3, and 5%) on the engineering properties of the stabilized mixture. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests were conducted. In addition, Raman spectroscopy and laser-scanning microscopy (LSM) tests were performed to explore the chemical characteristic, packing, and structure of the mixture. The results showed that the UCS, CBR, and the Young’s modulus (Es) of the treated dune sand increased with the increase in percentage of both stabilizers. Furthermore, LSM images of mortar blended with intermediate L-to-VA blend ratio ≈ 0.55 (L: 6% and VA: 5%) exhibit compact packing of sand grains, indicating strong adhesion and higher cementing value. The results of the study are promising and encourage using the treated dune sand in engineering construction even with a low percentage use of lime (2%) and volcanic ash (1–3%) as stabilizers.

ACS Style

Faisal I. Shalabi; Javed Mazher; Kaffayatullah Khan; Muhammad Nasir Amin; Alaa Albaqshi; Abdullah Alamer; Ali Barsheed; Othman Alshuaibi. Influence of Lime and Volcanic Ash on the Properties of Dune Sand as Sustainable Construction Materials. Materials 2021, 14, 645 .

AMA Style

Faisal I. Shalabi, Javed Mazher, Kaffayatullah Khan, Muhammad Nasir Amin, Alaa Albaqshi, Abdullah Alamer, Ali Barsheed, Othman Alshuaibi. Influence of Lime and Volcanic Ash on the Properties of Dune Sand as Sustainable Construction Materials. Materials. 2021; 14 (3):645.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Faisal I. Shalabi; Javed Mazher; Kaffayatullah Khan; Muhammad Nasir Amin; Alaa Albaqshi; Abdullah Alamer; Ali Barsheed; Othman Alshuaibi. 2021. "Influence of Lime and Volcanic Ash on the Properties of Dune Sand as Sustainable Construction Materials." Materials 14, no. 3: 645.

Journal article
Published: 23 December 2020 in Membranes
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We investigated the adsorption of lead (Pb2+) and nickel (Ni2+) ions by electrospun membranes of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber activated with NaHCO3 (PANmod). Analysis by Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) validated the functionalization of PAN nanofibers with NaHCO3, and the successful agglomeration of Pb2+ and Ni2+ onto PANmod. After a rapid uptake of the heavy metal ions (15 min), the equilibrium contact time was attained (60 min) following a linear increase of both adsorption capacity and removal efficiency. PANmod showed a better affinity for Ni2+ than Pb2+. The adsorption on PANmod was best described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model for both studied models, supporting chemisorption. By varying the solution pH from 2.0 to 9.0, we found that the adsorption capacity followed an increasing trend, reaching a maximum at the pH of 7.0. Despite increasing adsorption capacities, the removal efficiency of both heavy metal ions exhibited a decreasing trend with increase in initial concentrations. The amount of PANmod directly affects the removal efficiency, with 0.7 and 0.2 g being the optimum dose for maximum uptake of Pb2+ and Ni2+, respectively. The Langmuir model fitted well the Pb2+ adsorption data suggesting monolayer adsorption, and the Freundlich model perfectly fitted the Ni2+ adsorption data, indicating heterogeneous adsorption. The estimated values of the mean free energy of adsorption in the D–R isotherm indicated a physical adsorption of both heavy metal ions into the surface of the PANmod.

ACS Style

Muhammad Tahir Amin; Abdulrahman Ali Alazba; Muhammad Shafiq. Comparative Removal of Lead and Nickel Ions onto Nanofibrous Sheet of Activated Polyacrylonitrile in Batch Adsorption and Application of Conventional Kinetic and Isotherm Models. Membranes 2020, 11, 10 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Tahir Amin, Abdulrahman Ali Alazba, Muhammad Shafiq. Comparative Removal of Lead and Nickel Ions onto Nanofibrous Sheet of Activated Polyacrylonitrile in Batch Adsorption and Application of Conventional Kinetic and Isotherm Models. Membranes. 2020; 11 (1):10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Tahir Amin; Abdulrahman Ali Alazba; Muhammad Shafiq. 2020. "Comparative Removal of Lead and Nickel Ions onto Nanofibrous Sheet of Activated Polyacrylonitrile in Batch Adsorption and Application of Conventional Kinetic and Isotherm Models." Membranes 11, no. 1: 10.

Journal article
Published: 23 December 2020 in Materials
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This study investigated the effect of elevated temperatures on the mechanical properties of high-strength sustainable concrete incorporating volcanic ash (VA). For comparison, control and reference concrete specimens with fly ash (FA) were also cast along with additional specimens of VA and FA containing electric arc furnace slag (EAFS). Before thermal exposure, initial tests were performed to evaluate the mechanical properties (compressive strength, tensile strength, and elastic modulus) of cylindrical concrete specimens with aging. Additionally, 91 day moist-cured concrete specimens, after measuring their initial weight and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), were exposed up to 800 °C and cooled to air temperature. Subsequently, the weight loss, residual UPV, and mechanical properties of concrete were measured with respect to exposure temperature. For all concrete specimens, test results demonstrated a higher loss of weight, UPV, and other mechanical properties under exposure to higher elevated temperature. Moreover, all the results of concrete specimens incorporating VA were observed before and after exposure to elevated temperature as either comparable to or slightly better than those of control and reference concrete with FA. According to the experimental results, a correlation was developed between residual UPV and residual compressive strength (RCS), which can be used to assess the RCS of fire-damaged concrete (up to 800 °C) incorporating VA and EAFS.

ACS Style

Muhammad Nasir Amin; Kaffayatullah Khan. Mechanical Performance of High-Strength Sustainable Concrete under Fire Incorporating Locally Available Volcanic Ash in Central Harrat Rahat, Saudi Arabia. Materials 2020, 14, 21 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Nasir Amin, Kaffayatullah Khan. Mechanical Performance of High-Strength Sustainable Concrete under Fire Incorporating Locally Available Volcanic Ash in Central Harrat Rahat, Saudi Arabia. Materials. 2020; 14 (1):21.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Nasir Amin; Kaffayatullah Khan. 2020. "Mechanical Performance of High-Strength Sustainable Concrete under Fire Incorporating Locally Available Volcanic Ash in Central Harrat Rahat, Saudi Arabia." Materials 14, no. 1: 21.

Journal article
Published: 20 October 2020 in Applied Sciences
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Supervised machine learning and its algorithm is an emerging trend for the prediction of mechanical properties of concrete. This study uses an ensemble random forest (RF) and gene expression programming (GEP) algorithm for the compressive strength prediction of high strength concrete. The parameters include cement content, coarse aggregate to fine aggregate ratio, water, and superplasticizer. Moreover, statistical analyses like MAE, RSE, and RRMSE are used to evaluate the performance of models. The RF ensemble model outbursts in performance as it uses a weak base learner decision tree and gives an adamant determination of coefficient R2 = 0.96 with fewer errors. The GEP algorithm depicts a good response in between actual values and prediction values with an empirical relation. An external statistical check is also applied on RF and GEP models to validate the variables with data points. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) and decision tree (DT) are also used on a given data sample and comparison is made with the aforementioned models. Permutation features using python are done on the variables to give an influential parameter. The machine learning algorithm reveals a strong correlation between targets and predicts with less statistical measures showing the accuracy of the entire model.

ACS Style

Furqan Farooq; Muhammad Nasir Amin; Kaffayatullah Khan; Muhammad Rehan Sadiq; Muhammad Faisal Faisal Javed; Fahid Aslam; Rayed Alyousef. A Comparative Study of Random Forest and Genetic Engineering Programming for the Prediction of Compressive Strength of High Strength Concrete (HSC). Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 7330 .

AMA Style

Furqan Farooq, Muhammad Nasir Amin, Kaffayatullah Khan, Muhammad Rehan Sadiq, Muhammad Faisal Faisal Javed, Fahid Aslam, Rayed Alyousef. A Comparative Study of Random Forest and Genetic Engineering Programming for the Prediction of Compressive Strength of High Strength Concrete (HSC). Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (20):7330.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Furqan Farooq; Muhammad Nasir Amin; Kaffayatullah Khan; Muhammad Rehan Sadiq; Muhammad Faisal Faisal Javed; Fahid Aslam; Rayed Alyousef. 2020. "A Comparative Study of Random Forest and Genetic Engineering Programming for the Prediction of Compressive Strength of High Strength Concrete (HSC)." Applied Sciences 10, no. 20: 7330.

Research paper
Published: 22 September 2020 in Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering
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Ambiguities in current fire design codes have triggered conflicting responses from researchers and professionals about steel buildings in fire. This is because fire codes do not consider the integrated structure of the building, but are based on the tests and models of the individual structural members of a construction subjected to a standard fire (ISO 834 or ASTM E 119). This study designed a four-story steel frame structure containing five bays with a bay span of 12 m and a height of 3.5 m according to Eurocode 3, considering all joints as being simply supported. Four different fire scenarios were modeled with reference to members of the assembled structure utilizing the Vulcan software package considering standard and parametric fire curves on exposed and protected sections. The results were compared with those obtained by exposing to the same fire curves an isolated beam member equal to those belonging to the frame under investigation. The comparison shows that the assembled members in the modeled structure had a better fire performance than did the isolated members. Because connections are important components of structures, we believe that the effects of connections on the fire performance of structures should be studied in the future.

ACS Style

M. N. Amin; M. U. K. Niazi. Finite-Element Analysis of Isolated and Integrated Structural Steel Members Exposed to Fire. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering 2020, 44, 35 -49.

AMA Style

M. N. Amin, M. U. K. Niazi. Finite-Element Analysis of Isolated and Integrated Structural Steel Members Exposed to Fire. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering. 2020; 44 (S1):35-49.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. N. Amin; M. U. K. Niazi. 2020. "Finite-Element Analysis of Isolated and Integrated Structural Steel Members Exposed to Fire." Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering 44, no. S1: 35-49.

Journal article
Published: 21 August 2020 in Crystals
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Compressive strength is one of the important property of concrete and depends on many factors. Most of the concrete compressive strength predictive models mainly rely on available literature data, which are too simple to consider all the contributing factors. This study adopted a new approach to predict the compressive strength of sugarcane bagasse ash concrete (SCBAC). A vast amount of data from the literature study and fifteen laboratory tested concrete samples with different dosage of bagasse ash, were respectively used to calibrate and validate the models. The novel Gene Expression Programming, Multiple Linear Regression and Multiple Non-Linear Regression were used to model SCBAC compressive strength. The water cement ratio, bagasse ash percent replacement, quantity of fine and coarse aggregate and cement content were used as an input for models development. Various statistical indicators, i.e., NSE, R2 and RMSE were used to assess the performance of the models. The results indicated a strong correlation between observed and predicted values with NSE and R2 both above 0.8 during calibration and validation for the Gene Expression Programming (GEP). The outcomes from GEP outclassed all the models to predict SCBAC compressive strength. The validity of the model is further verified using data of fifteen tests conducted in the laboratory. Moreover, the cement content in the mix was revealed as the most sensitive parameter followed by water cement ratio form sensitivity analysis. The GEP fulfilled all the criteria for external validity. The simple formulae derived in this study could be used reliably for the prediction of SCBAC compressive strength.

ACS Style

Muhammad Faisal Javed; Muhammad Nasir Amin; Muhammad Izhar Shah; Kaffayatullah Khan; Bawar Iftikhar; Furqan Farooq; Fahid Aslam; Rayed Alyousef; Hisham Alabduljabbar. Applications of Gene Expression Programming and Regression Techniques for Estimating Compressive Strength of Bagasse Ash based Concrete. Crystals 2020, 10, 737 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Faisal Javed, Muhammad Nasir Amin, Muhammad Izhar Shah, Kaffayatullah Khan, Bawar Iftikhar, Furqan Farooq, Fahid Aslam, Rayed Alyousef, Hisham Alabduljabbar. Applications of Gene Expression Programming and Regression Techniques for Estimating Compressive Strength of Bagasse Ash based Concrete. Crystals. 2020; 10 (9):737.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Faisal Javed; Muhammad Nasir Amin; Muhammad Izhar Shah; Kaffayatullah Khan; Bawar Iftikhar; Furqan Farooq; Fahid Aslam; Rayed Alyousef; Hisham Alabduljabbar. 2020. "Applications of Gene Expression Programming and Regression Techniques for Estimating Compressive Strength of Bagasse Ash based Concrete." Crystals 10, no. 9: 737.

Journal article
Published: 31 July 2020 in Current Applied Physics
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In the study, the layered double hydroxide (LDH) of NiZnFe and its composites with date-palm biochar (LDH-DPb) and carbon nanotubes (LDH-cnt) were synthesized for adsorbing reactive black 5 (RB5) dye from aqueous solutions. In the first 5 min, rapid adsorption was followed by a gradual increase in both dye uptake and removal efficiency of up to 60 min of starting time. In the investigated pH range (3.0–8.0), the removal efficiency linearly decreased while the sorption capacity linearly increased for all three adsorbents as their doses increased to 0.3 or 0.4 g following a decreasing trend up to 0.6 g. By increasing the initial RB5 concentration from 10 to 100 mg L−1, the removal efficiency linearly decreased. A nearly perfect fitting of the pseudo-second-order kinetic model to the adsorption data was observed; however, the Elovich kinetic model showed the heterogeneous surface of adsorbents with chemisorption. At the solid–liquid interface, from a thermodynamics point of view, we obtained the nonspontaneous nature of the adsorption of RB5 dye of the studied adsorbents with an increased disorder, which supported the endothermic nature onto the studied adsorption process. Furthermore, a nearly perfect fitting of the Langmuir model was obtained to the adsorption data, thereby suggesting the monolayer adsorption of RB5 dye onto the studied adsorbents. In the Dubinin–Radushkevich model, a good agreement of the calculated adsorption capacities to the experimental values were observed and the chemical adsorption of RB5 dye on to the studied adsorbents was proposed based on E (8 – 16 kJ mol−1).

ACS Style

M.T. Amin; A.A. Alazba; M. Shafiq. LDH of NiZnFe and its composites with carbon nanotubes and data-palm biochar with efficient adsorption capacity for RB5 dye from aqueous solutions: Isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamics studies. Current Applied Physics 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

M.T. Amin, A.A. Alazba, M. Shafiq. LDH of NiZnFe and its composites with carbon nanotubes and data-palm biochar with efficient adsorption capacity for RB5 dye from aqueous solutions: Isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamics studies. Current Applied Physics. 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M.T. Amin; A.A. Alazba; M. Shafiq. 2020. "LDH of NiZnFe and its composites with carbon nanotubes and data-palm biochar with efficient adsorption capacity for RB5 dye from aqueous solutions: Isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamics studies." Current Applied Physics , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 27 May 2020 in Construction and Building Materials
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Utilization of high-performance and highly reactive sustainable materials in concrete are gaining popularity nowadays for the development of strong, durable and sustainable infrastructures. Therefore, current study focuses on viable use of highly reactive silica extracted from rice husk ash (RHA) for the production of high-performance sustainable cement mortar. Mortar containing various percentages of extracted micro-silica (EMS) as a partial substitute of cement (5%, 15%, and 25%) were cast to test fresh as well as hardened properties, and compare its results to that of control mortar. Test results showed that the standard consistency increased with increasing percentage of EMS, whereas, a delay in the setting time was observed. The compressive and flexural strengths of all mortar mixes containing EMS were improved with aging and an effective role played by EMS in mitigating the expansion caused by the alkali–silica reaction was observed. However, a slight reduction of strength at later ages was observed in mortar having 25% EMS. At relatively low addition of EMS (5% and 15%), micro- and pore structural investigations revealed the formation of improved high-density C-S-H phases, which aid the formation of refined and homogenous microstructures. The agglomeration was observed through micro- and pore structural investigations in high dosage EMS mortars that occurred due to the oversaturation and poor dispersion, which consequently affected the hydration products and increased the porosity of the paste matrix. The current findings suggest that the reactive silica resource extracted from RHA can be used as a potential revenue stream in concrete industry for the development of high-performance and sustainable cement mortar.

ACS Style

Kaffayatullah Khan; Muhammad Fahad Ullah; Khan Shahzada; Muhammad Nasir Amin; Tayyaba Bibi; Nauman Wahab; Abdullah Aljaafari. Effective use of micro-silica extracted from rice husk ash for the production of high-performance and sustainable cement mortar. Construction and Building Materials 2020, 258, 119589 .

AMA Style

Kaffayatullah Khan, Muhammad Fahad Ullah, Khan Shahzada, Muhammad Nasir Amin, Tayyaba Bibi, Nauman Wahab, Abdullah Aljaafari. Effective use of micro-silica extracted from rice husk ash for the production of high-performance and sustainable cement mortar. Construction and Building Materials. 2020; 258 ():119589.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kaffayatullah Khan; Muhammad Fahad Ullah; Khan Shahzada; Muhammad Nasir Amin; Tayyaba Bibi; Nauman Wahab; Abdullah Aljaafari. 2020. "Effective use of micro-silica extracted from rice husk ash for the production of high-performance and sustainable cement mortar." Construction and Building Materials 258, no. : 119589.

Article
Published: 09 November 2019 in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
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Biochar pyrolyzed at 800 °C from banana (Bb) and orange peels (OPb) was applied for sorption of methylene blue (MB) dye in a batch system. OPb showed better affinity for MB dye than Bb with rapid increase in sorption capacity and percent removal for both biochars attaining equilibrium at 30 min. Chemisorption was suggested as the rate limiting step based on the best fitting of the pseudo-second-order reaction kinetics to the batch adsorption data. Linear increase in sorption capacity was seen as the initial MB dye concentration increased from 50 to 300 mg g−1 with a 40 % decrease in removal efficiency. An increase of 90 mg g−1 in sorption capacity for both biochars with a 15 and 30 % increase in removal efficiency for OPb and Bb, respectively, was observed after increasing the solution pH from 2 to 6 or 8. An increase in sorption capacity of about 150 mg g−1 was seen by increasing the biochar dose from 0.1 to 0.5 g. Langmuir isotherm model represented the adsorption data well as reflected by the high values of R2 (0.99) when using both biochar, while least representation of adsorption data was seen in H-J isotherm as estimated from very low R2 (0.6–0.66) for both types of biochar. An endothermic nature of MB dye sorption was suggested based on the linear increase in sorption capacity with an increase in solution temperature from 30 to 60 °C. This was further confirmed by the observed positive changes in standard entropy and standard enthalpy while negative values of Gibbs-free energies proposed the non-spontaneous natures of MB dye sorption on to both biochars. The effective sorption of MB dye demonstrated the potential of plant-based biochar as economically viable adsorbents for MB dye.

ACS Style

M. T. Amin; A. A. Alazba; M. Shafiq. Comparative study for adsorption of methylene blue dye on biochar derived from orange peel and banana biomass in aqueous solutions. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2019, 191, 735 .

AMA Style

M. T. Amin, A. A. Alazba, M. Shafiq. Comparative study for adsorption of methylene blue dye on biochar derived from orange peel and banana biomass in aqueous solutions. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2019; 191 (12):735.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. T. Amin; A. A. Alazba; M. Shafiq. 2019. "Comparative study for adsorption of methylene blue dye on biochar derived from orange peel and banana biomass in aqueous solutions." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 191, no. 12: 735.

Journal article
Published: 15 August 2019 in Materials
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This study focuses on evaluating the effect of the fineness of basaltic volcanic ash (VA) on the engineering properties of cement pozzolan mixtures. In this study, VA of two different fineness, i.e., VA fine (VF) and VA ultra-fine (VUF) and commercially available fly ash (FA) was used to partially replace cement. Including a control and a hybrid mix (10% each of VUF and FA), eleven mortar mixes were prepared with various percentages of VA and FA (10%, 20% and 30%) to partially replace cement. First, material characterization was performed by using X-ray florescence (XRF), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), particle size analysis, and a modified Chappelle test. Then, the compressive strength development, alkali silica reactivity (ASR), and drying shrinkage of all mortar mixes were investigated. Finally, XRD analysis on paste samples of all mixes was performed to assess their pozzolanic reactivity at ages of 7 and 91 days. The results showed increased Chappelle reactivity values with an increase in the fineness of the VA. Mortars containing high percentages of VUF (20% and 30%) showed almost equal compressive strength compared to corresponding FA mortars at all ages, however, the hybrid mix (10% VUF + 10% FA) exhibited higher strength than that of the reference mix (100% cement), particularly, at 91 days. At low percentages (10%), ASR expansion in both VF and VUF mortars was higher compared to the corresponding FA mortar and the opposite behavior was observed at high percentages (20% and 30%). Among all the mixes including the control, mortar with VUF was found to be most effective in controlling drying shrinkages at all ages. The rate of consumption of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) for pastes containing VUF and FA was almost the same, while VF showed low Ca(OH)2 intensity. These results indicate that an increase in the fineness of VA significantly improvs performance, and therefore, it could be a feasible substitute for commercial admixtures in cement composites.

ACS Style

Kaffayatullah Khan; Muhammad Nasir Amin; Muhammad Umair Saleem; Hisham Jahangir Qureshi; Majdi AlFaiad; Muhammad Ghulam Qadir. Effect of Fineness of Basaltic Volcanic Ash on Pozzolanic Reactivity, ASR Expansion and Drying Shrinkage of Blended Cement Mortars. Materials 2019, 12, 2603 .

AMA Style

Kaffayatullah Khan, Muhammad Nasir Amin, Muhammad Umair Saleem, Hisham Jahangir Qureshi, Majdi AlFaiad, Muhammad Ghulam Qadir. Effect of Fineness of Basaltic Volcanic Ash on Pozzolanic Reactivity, ASR Expansion and Drying Shrinkage of Blended Cement Mortars. Materials. 2019; 12 (16):2603.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kaffayatullah Khan; Muhammad Nasir Amin; Muhammad Umair Saleem; Hisham Jahangir Qureshi; Majdi AlFaiad; Muhammad Ghulam Qadir. 2019. "Effect of Fineness of Basaltic Volcanic Ash on Pozzolanic Reactivity, ASR Expansion and Drying Shrinkage of Blended Cement Mortars." Materials 12, no. 16: 2603.

Research article chemical engineering
Published: 15 May 2019 in Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering
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Biochar pyrolyzed at 800 °C from banana (Bb) and orange peel (OPb) was applied in the sorption of nickel (Ni2+) using a batch system. OPb shows a higher affinity for Ni2+ than Bb. A rapid increase in sorption capacity and percentage removal was observed for both types of biochar with an equilibrium time of 30 min. The adsorption behavior was described using a pseudo-second-order model, indicating chemisorption as the rate-limiting step. A linear increase in the sorption capacity of 340 and 212 mg g−1 was observed for OPb and Bb, respectively, upon increasing the initial Ni2+ concentration (50–300 mg g−1) with a 40% decrease in removal efficiency. An increase in the sorption capacity of 78 and 88 mg g−1 for OPb and Bb, respectively, with a 15% increase in removal efficiency was observed for both absorbents upon increasing the solution pH from 2 to 8. OPb shows enhanced performance than Bb at all pH values, and an optimum pH of 8 was selected. An increase in the sorption capacity of ~ 120 mg g−1 was observed upon increasing the biochar dose (0.1–0.5 g), and the optimum dose was 0.7 g. The Langmuir isotherm model exhibits the best fit to the adsorption data (R2 = 0.99), whereas H–J isotherm (R2 < 0.70) displayed the least best fit. The effective sorption of Ni2+ demonstrates the potential of plant-based biochar as economically viable adsorbents.

ACS Style

M. T. Amin; A. A. Alazba; M. Shafiq. Comparative Sorption of Nickel from an Aqueous Solution Using Biochar Derived from Banana and Orange Peel Using a Batch System: Kinetic and Isotherm Models. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 2019, 44, 10105 -10116.

AMA Style

M. T. Amin, A. A. Alazba, M. Shafiq. Comparative Sorption of Nickel from an Aqueous Solution Using Biochar Derived from Banana and Orange Peel Using a Batch System: Kinetic and Isotherm Models. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering. 2019; 44 (12):10105-10116.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. T. Amin; A. A. Alazba; M. Shafiq. 2019. "Comparative Sorption of Nickel from an Aqueous Solution Using Biochar Derived from Banana and Orange Peel Using a Batch System: Kinetic and Isotherm Models." Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 44, no. 12: 10105-10116.

Journal article
Published: 12 March 2019 in Applied Sciences
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The bending and shear behavior of RC beams strengthened with Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) is the primary objective of this paper, which is focused on the failure mechanisms and on the moment-curvature response prior-to, and post, strengthening with different amounts and layouts of the CFRP reinforcement. Seven reinforced concrete beams were tested in 4-point bending, one without any CFRP reinforcement (control beam, Specimen C1), four with the same amount of CFRP in flexure but with different layouts of the reinforcement for shear (Specimens B1–B4), and two with extra reinforcement in bending, with and without reinforcement in shear (Specimens B6 and B5, respectively). During each test, the load and the mid-span deflection were monitored, as well as the crack pattern. The experimental results indicate that: (a) increasing the CFRP reinforcement above certain levels does not necessarily increase the bearing capacity; (b) the structural performance can be optimized through an appropriate combination of CFRP flexural and shear reinforcement; and (c) bond properties at the concrete–CFRP interface play a vital role, as the failure is very often triggered by the debonding of the CFRP strips. The experimental values were also verified analytically and a close agreement between the analytical and experimental values was achieved.

ACS Style

Muhammad Umair Saleem; Hisham Jahangir Qureshi; Muhammad Nasir Amin; Kaffayatullah Khan; Hassan Khurshid. Cracking Behavior of RC Beams Strengthened with Different Amounts and Layouts of CFRP. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 1017 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Umair Saleem, Hisham Jahangir Qureshi, Muhammad Nasir Amin, Kaffayatullah Khan, Hassan Khurshid. Cracking Behavior of RC Beams Strengthened with Different Amounts and Layouts of CFRP. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (5):1017.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Umair Saleem; Hisham Jahangir Qureshi; Muhammad Nasir Amin; Kaffayatullah Khan; Hassan Khurshid. 2019. "Cracking Behavior of RC Beams Strengthened with Different Amounts and Layouts of CFRP." Applied Sciences 9, no. 5: 1017.

Journal article
Published: 20 February 2019 in Chemical Physics Letters
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Batch absorptive potential of biochar derived from date palm waste biomass (DPb) for lead (Pb2+) and copper (Cu2+) was explored and batch adsorption conditions were optimized in this study. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and powder X-ray diffraction analyses of DPb were performed to characterize the adsorbent. An initial rapid adsorption followed by slow uptake of both Pb2+ and Cu2+ by DPb resulted in equilibrium times of 30–60 min and 2–3 h for Pb2+ and Cu2+, respectively. The optimum pH levels were 4.5 and 5.5 for maximum adsorption capacity for Pb2+ (98.9 mg g-1) and Cu2+ (41 mg g-1), respectively. Linear decrease in the metal uptake and removal efficiency occurred respectively by increasing the DPb dose (0.2 to 1.8 g) and initial concentrations of both heavy metal ions (50 to 250 mg L-1). The optimum amount of DPb for Pb2+ adsorption was 1.0 g, whereas the removal efficiency continued to increase for Cu2+ (92 mg g-1), up to the maximum dose used in this study (1.8 g DPb). The Freundlich-Langmuir (R2 = 0.95) and Harkins–Jura (R2 = 0.92) isotherms were the best-fit models for the Pb2+ and Cu2+ adsorption data, respectively. A strong correlation between the pseudo second-order kinetic model and experimental data of Pb2+ and Cu2+ adsorption was observed, supporting the hypothesis of chemisorption as the rate-controlling step. Successful application of DPb for Pb2+ and Cu2+ point to its potential for economically beneficial large-scale application in wastewater treatment.

ACS Style

M.T. Amin; A.A. Alazba; M. Shafiq. Application of biochar derived from date palm biomass for removal of lead and copper ions in a batch reactor: Kinetics and isotherm scrutiny. Chemical Physics Letters 2019, 722, 64 -73.

AMA Style

M.T. Amin, A.A. Alazba, M. Shafiq. Application of biochar derived from date palm biomass for removal of lead and copper ions in a batch reactor: Kinetics and isotherm scrutiny. Chemical Physics Letters. 2019; 722 ():64-73.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M.T. Amin; A.A. Alazba; M. Shafiq. 2019. "Application of biochar derived from date palm biomass for removal of lead and copper ions in a batch reactor: Kinetics and isotherm scrutiny." Chemical Physics Letters 722, no. : 64-73.

Journal article
Published: 19 January 2019 in Sustainability
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The pozzolanic potential, mechanical strength, and stress-strain behavior of a locally available wheat straw ash (WSA) as a partial substitute of cement was evaluated in this study. Various samples of a locally available wheat straw were burnt to ashes at three distinct temperatures and characterized through X-ray powder diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The WSA obtained from burning at 550 °C was found highly amorphous and possessed suitable chemical composition to be used as pozzolanic material. The burned WSA was grounded to achieve the desired fineness and mortar cubes and concrete cylinders were cast by substituting 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% cement with it. The strength of mortar and concrete decreased with increasing amounts of WSA except for those containing 15% WSA, where it slightly increased than the respective control samples at later ages, i.e., 28 and 91 days. Despite reduced strength at high replacements (20%, 25%, and 30%), the strength activity index values met ASTM C618 requirements for pozzolanic materials. Moreover, the compressive strength of concrete containing 20% WSA exceeded to that of control concrete at 91 days. The stress-strain relation of concrete containing 15% to 20% WSA also showed comparable stiffness and toughness to those of control samples at all ages. Particularly, the concrete containing 15% WSA showed significant improvement of strength, stiffness, toughness, and ductility at 91 days. Lastly, the results of mechanical strengths and pozzolanic reactivity were successfully validated indirectly by measuring the porosity of mortars and thermo-gravimetric analysis of cement pastes, respectively. Based on current findings and their validation, WSA can be used as a substitute of cement up to 20% in the production of sustainable normal strength concrete for their application in common domestic building projects.

ACS Style

Muhammad Nasir Amin; Tariq Murtaza; Khan Shahzada; Kaffayatullah Khan; Muhammad Adil. Pozzolanic Potential and Mechanical Performance of Wheat Straw Ash Incorporated Sustainable Concrete. Sustainability 2019, 11, 519 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Nasir Amin, Tariq Murtaza, Khan Shahzada, Kaffayatullah Khan, Muhammad Adil. Pozzolanic Potential and Mechanical Performance of Wheat Straw Ash Incorporated Sustainable Concrete. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (2):519.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Nasir Amin; Tariq Murtaza; Khan Shahzada; Kaffayatullah Khan; Muhammad Adil. 2019. "Pozzolanic Potential and Mechanical Performance of Wheat Straw Ash Incorporated Sustainable Concrete." Sustainability 11, no. 2: 519.