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Dr. Lubna Alam is working as a Research Fellow/Senior Lecturer in the Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI) at The National University of Malaysia. She has received her Ph.D. in Ocean Science from The National University of Malaysia, M.Sc in Marine Science from the same university, and BSc in Fisheries from the University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Her research interests lie in the area of fisheries, marine science, sustainable development, environmental risk assessment and management, environmental pollution and climate change.
Consumption advice to ensure the health and safety of fish consumers remains urgent to handle the ever-increasing panic over heavy metal toxicity. Moreover, studies of fish consumption rarely focus on the perceptions and awareness of consumers. Considering this, the present study examines the knowledge and perceptions of the risks and benefits of fish consumption among consumers of Laguna de Bay to explore their willingness to follow fish consumption advice. The seasonal variation in selected types of heavy metal contamination in two commercially important fish species, tilapia and mudfish, was analysed and a vulnerability map based on the risk‒benefit ratio was produced for Laguna de Bay. Furthermore, this study formulates fish consumption advice for consumers of fish in the area. Primary data on consumers’ perceptions were collected through a questionnaire, whereas heavy metal contamination data were compiled from the best available literature. We concluded that people’s willingness to adopt consumption advice is mostly dependent on their existing level of fish consumption. Moreover, consumption advice is formulated to indicate restrictions on consumption for the areas identified as vulnerable due to contamination. This empirical study can serve as a model for the future development of fish consumption advice in the region.
Lubna Alam; Ussif Rashid Sumaila; Azizul Bari; Ibnu Rusydy; Mohamed Saiyad Musthafa; Mazlin Mokhtar. Investigating Fish Contamination Scenario and Community Willingness to Adopt Consumption Advice Proposing an Advisory Model. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleLubna Alam, Ussif Rashid Sumaila, Azizul Bari, Ibnu Rusydy, Mohamed Saiyad Musthafa, Mazlin Mokhtar. Investigating Fish Contamination Scenario and Community Willingness to Adopt Consumption Advice Proposing an Advisory Model. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLubna Alam; Ussif Rashid Sumaila; Azizul Bari; Ibnu Rusydy; Mohamed Saiyad Musthafa; Mazlin Mokhtar. 2021. "Investigating Fish Contamination Scenario and Community Willingness to Adopt Consumption Advice Proposing an Advisory Model." , no. : 1.
The fishing industry is identified as a strategic sector to raise domestic protein production and supply in Malaysia. Global changes in climatic variables have impacted and continue to impact marine fish and aquaculture production, where machine learning (ML) methods are yet to be extensively used to study aquatic systems in Malaysia. ML-based algorithms could be paired with feature importance, i.e., (features that have the most predictive power) to achieve better prediction accuracy and can provide new insights on fish production. This research aims to develop an ML-based prediction of marine fish and aquaculture production. Based on the feature importance scores, we select the group of climatic variables for three different ML models: linear, gradient boosting, and random forest regression. The past 20 years (2000–2019) of climatic variables and fish production data were used to train and test the ML models. Finally, an ensemble approach named voting regression combines those three ML models. Performance matrices are generated and the results showed that the ensembled ML model obtains R2 values of 0.75, 0.81, and 0.55 for marine water, freshwater, and brackish water, respectively, which outperforms the single ML model in predicting all three types of fish production (in tons) in Malaysia.
Labonnah Farzana Rahman; Mohammad Marufuzzaman; Lubna Alam; Azizul Bari; Ussif Rashid Sumaila; Lariyah Mohd Sidek. Developing an Ensembled Machine Learning Prediction Model for Marine Fish and Aquaculture Production. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9124 .
AMA StyleLabonnah Farzana Rahman, Mohammad Marufuzzaman, Lubna Alam, Azizul Bari, Ussif Rashid Sumaila, Lariyah Mohd Sidek. Developing an Ensembled Machine Learning Prediction Model for Marine Fish and Aquaculture Production. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):9124.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLabonnah Farzana Rahman; Mohammad Marufuzzaman; Lubna Alam; Azizul Bari; Ussif Rashid Sumaila; Lariyah Mohd Sidek. 2021. "Developing an Ensembled Machine Learning Prediction Model for Marine Fish and Aquaculture Production." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 9124.
Applications such as non-volatile memories (NVM), radio frequency identification (RFID), high voltage generators, switched capacitor circuits, operational amplifiers, voltage regulators, and DC–DC converters employ charge pump (CP) circuits as they can generate a higher output voltage from the very low supply voltage. Besides, continuous power supply reduction, low implementation cost, and high efficiency can be managed using CP circuits in low-power applications in the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process. This study aims to figure out the most widely used CP design topologies for embedded systems on the chip (SoC). Design methods have evolved from diode-connected structures to dynamic clock voltage scaling charge pumps have been discussed in this research. Based on the different architecture, operating principles and optimization techniques with their advantages and disadvantages have compared with the final output. Researchers mainly focused on designing the charge pump topologies based on input/output voltage, pumping efficiency, power dissipation, charge transfer capability, design complexity, pumping capacitor, clock frequencies with a minimum load balance, etc. Finally, this review study summarizes with the discussion on the outline of appropriate schemes and recommendations to future researchers in selecting the most suitable CP design methods for low power applications.
Labonnah Rahman; Mohammad Marufuzzaman; Lubna Alam; Mazlin Mokhtar. Design Topologies of a CMOS Charge Pump Circuit for Low Power Applications. Electronics 2021, 10, 676 .
AMA StyleLabonnah Rahman, Mohammad Marufuzzaman, Lubna Alam, Mazlin Mokhtar. Design Topologies of a CMOS Charge Pump Circuit for Low Power Applications. Electronics. 2021; 10 (6):676.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLabonnah Rahman; Mohammad Marufuzzaman; Lubna Alam; Mazlin Mokhtar. 2021. "Design Topologies of a CMOS Charge Pump Circuit for Low Power Applications." Electronics 10, no. 6: 676.
Flash flood is the most devastating natural disaster experienced in Malaysia. It can be defined as any high water flow caused by various factors such as rainstorms, slow water run-off, and broken dams. In Malaysia, the most typical and disruptive hydro-meteorological occurrences are flash floods, which are mostly faced by Malaysian cities including Kuala Lumpur and Kajang. However, flash floods may occur at any time of the year rather than during monsoon and can result in devastating losses and damages. Thus, several mitigation steps and estimations are warranted to handle flash floods, especially at the city level. Hence, this paper estimated the amount of direct loss and damage due to flash floods on the basis of the commercial area of Kajang City. This empirical study used primary data collected through direct face-to-face semi-structured interviews with 41 businessmen in the study area. The average estimated overall losses and damages per shop were RM4,510.07 due to flash floods at Kajang City in 2014, wherein the significant contribution comes from the economic side. This study’s findings can serve as the baseline information for future studies on flash flood losses and damages. Furthermore, the present study suggests extensive institutional research for estimating losses and damages due to flash floods at the country level as an adaptation strategy.
Azizul Bari; Lubna Alam; Mahmudul Alam; Labonnah Farzana Rahman; Joy Jacqueline Pereira. Estimation of losses and damages caused by flash floods in the commercial area of Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 2021, 14, 1 -9.
AMA StyleAzizul Bari, Lubna Alam, Mahmudul Alam, Labonnah Farzana Rahman, Joy Jacqueline Pereira. Estimation of losses and damages caused by flash floods in the commercial area of Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 2021; 14 (3):1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAzizul Bari; Lubna Alam; Mahmudul Alam; Labonnah Farzana Rahman; Joy Jacqueline Pereira. 2021. "Estimation of losses and damages caused by flash floods in the commercial area of Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia." Arabian Journal of Geosciences 14, no. 3: 1-9.
Lubna Alam; Labonnah Farzana Rahman; Minhaz Farid Ahmed; Azizul Bari; Muhammad Mehedi Masud; Mazlin Bin Mokhtar. Assessment of health risks and individuals’ willingness to participate in drinking water management at flood-prone Pahang River Basin, Malaysia. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 2021, 43, 2049 -2063.
AMA StyleLubna Alam, Labonnah Farzana Rahman, Minhaz Farid Ahmed, Azizul Bari, Muhammad Mehedi Masud, Mazlin Bin Mokhtar. Assessment of health risks and individuals’ willingness to participate in drinking water management at flood-prone Pahang River Basin, Malaysia. Environmental Geochemistry and Health. 2021; 43 (5):2049-2063.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLubna Alam; Labonnah Farzana Rahman; Minhaz Farid Ahmed; Azizul Bari; Muhammad Mehedi Masud; Mazlin Bin Mokhtar. 2021. "Assessment of health risks and individuals’ willingness to participate in drinking water management at flood-prone Pahang River Basin, Malaysia." Environmental Geochemistry and Health 43, no. 5: 2049-2063.
Prolonged persistence of toxic cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) in the aquatic environment are due to its nonbiodegradable characteristic. A few studies have reported higher concentrations of these metals in the transboundary Langat River, Malaysia. This study determined the spatial and temporal distributions of Cd, Cr and Pb concentrations (2005–2015) in the Langat River along with assessing the status of these metals in the drinking water supply chain at the basin. Water samples were collected once in 2015 from the drinking water supply chain, i.e., from the river, treated water at plants, taps and filtration water at households. Determined mean concentrations of Cd, Cr and Pb by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in the Langat River were within the drinking water quality standard of Malaysia and the WHO, except for the Pb (9.99 ± 1.40 µg/L) concentration, which was at the maximum limit, 10 µg/L. The spatial and temporal distribution of these metals’ concentrations indicate dilution of it downstream, along with the increasing trend in rainfall and water flow, especially during the northeast monsoon. Significant correlation and regression analysis of the Cd, Cr and Pb concentrations also indicate that the sources of this metal pollution are mainly the natural weathering of minerals along with anthropogenic activities in the basin. The determined overall water quality of the Langat River is categorized Class IIA (i.e., clean), which requires conventional treatment before drinking; however, the maximum removal efficiency of these metals by the plants at the basin was about 90.17%. Therefore, the proactive leadership roles of the local authorities will be appropriate to reduce the pollution of this river as well as introducing a two-layer water filtration system at the Langat River Basin to accelerate the achievement of a sustainable drinking water supply.
Minhaz Farid Ahmed; Mazlin Bin Mokhtar; Lubna Alam; Che Abd Rahim Mohamed; Goh Choo Ta. Investigating the Status of Cadmium, Chromium and Lead in the Drinking Water Supply Chain to Ensure Drinking Water Quality in Malaysia. Water 2020, 12, 2653 .
AMA StyleMinhaz Farid Ahmed, Mazlin Bin Mokhtar, Lubna Alam, Che Abd Rahim Mohamed, Goh Choo Ta. Investigating the Status of Cadmium, Chromium and Lead in the Drinking Water Supply Chain to Ensure Drinking Water Quality in Malaysia. Water. 2020; 12 (10):2653.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMinhaz Farid Ahmed; Mazlin Bin Mokhtar; Lubna Alam; Che Abd Rahim Mohamed; Goh Choo Ta. 2020. "Investigating the Status of Cadmium, Chromium and Lead in the Drinking Water Supply Chain to Ensure Drinking Water Quality in Malaysia." Water 12, no. 10: 2653.
A high-voltage generator (HVG) is an essential part of a radio frequency identification electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (RFID–EEPROM). An HVG circuit is used to generate a regulated output voltage that is higher than the power supply voltage. However, the performance of the HVG is affected owing to the high-power dissipation, high-ripple voltage and low-pumping efficiency. Therefore, a regulator circuit consists of a voltage divider, comparator and a voltage reference, which are respectively required to reduce the ripple voltage, increase pumping efficiency and decrease the power dissipation of the HVG. Conversely, a clock driving circuit consists of the current-starved ring oscillator (CSRO), and the non- overlapping clock generator is required to drive the clock signals of the HVG circuit. In this study, the Mentor Graphics EldoSpice software package is used to design and simulate the HVG circuitry. The results showed that the designed CSRO dissipated only 4.9 μW at 10.2 MHz and that the phase noise was only -119.38 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz. Moreover, the proposed charge pump circuit was able to generate a maximum VPP of 13.53 V and it dissipated a power of only 31.01 μW for an input voltage VDD of 1.8 V. After integrating all the HVG modules, the results showed that the regulated HVG circuit was also able to generate a higher VPP of 14.59 V, while the total power dissipated was only 0.12 mW with a chip area of 0.044 mm2. Moreover, the HVG circuit produced a pumping efficiency of 90% and reduced the ripple voltage to <4 mV. Therefore, the integration of all the proposed modules in HVG ensured low-ripple programming voltages, higher pumping efficiency, and EEPROMs with lower power dissipation, and can be extensively used in low-power applications, such as in non-volatile memory, radiofrequency identification transponders, on-chip direct current DC-DC converters.
Labonnah Farzana Rahman; Mohammad Marufuzzaman; Lubna Alam; Lariyah Mohd Sidek; Mamun Bin Ibne Reaz. A low power and low ripple CMOS high voltage generator for RFID transponder EEPROM. PLOS ONE 2020, 15, e0225408 .
AMA StyleLabonnah Farzana Rahman, Mohammad Marufuzzaman, Lubna Alam, Lariyah Mohd Sidek, Mamun Bin Ibne Reaz. A low power and low ripple CMOS high voltage generator for RFID transponder EEPROM. PLOS ONE. 2020; 15 (2):e0225408.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLabonnah Farzana Rahman; Mohammad Marufuzzaman; Lubna Alam; Lariyah Mohd Sidek; Mamun Bin Ibne Reaz. 2020. "A low power and low ripple CMOS high voltage generator for RFID transponder EEPROM." PLOS ONE 15, no. 2: e0225408.
A Review on Climate Change, Sea Level Change and Paleoclimate History
Siti Zulaiha Binti Zolkaply; Lubna Alam; Ahmad Abas Kutty; Firoz Khan; Mazlin Mokhtar. A Review on Climate Change, Sea Level Change and Paleoclimate History. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 2019, 14, 423 -429.
AMA StyleSiti Zulaiha Binti Zolkaply, Lubna Alam, Ahmad Abas Kutty, Firoz Khan, Mazlin Mokhtar. A Review on Climate Change, Sea Level Change and Paleoclimate History. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences. 2019; 14 (2):423-429.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSiti Zulaiha Binti Zolkaply; Lubna Alam; Ahmad Abas Kutty; Firoz Khan; Mazlin Mokhtar. 2019. "A Review on Climate Change, Sea Level Change and Paleoclimate History." Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 14, no. 2: 423-429.
Exposure to aluminium (Al) is inevitable in the daily life because of its abundance in the environmental media through natural processes. Meanwhile, several studies have reported a positive association between Alzheimer’s disease and a higher level of Al ingestion through drinking water. The present study is the first of its kind in Malaysia which predicts the human health risk of Al ingestion via drinking water at the Langat River Basin, Malaysia. Water samples were collected during 2015–2016 from the four stages of drinking water supply chain at the basin to determine the concentrations of Al by the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The determined mean concentration of Al in river 2.50E−01 ± 1.89E−01 mg/L crossed the Malaysian drinking water quality standard of 0.2 mg/L. The higher concentration of Al in the Langat River might be due to natural weathering of Al-bearing minerals. The mean Al concentrations in the treated water by the treatment plants, household’s tap and after filtration water, respectively, were found to be within the Malaysian drinking water quality standard. This study suggests that there is no potential human health risk of Al ingestion through drinking water (HQ = 3.81E−03 ± 1.82E−03) at 95% confidence level in the basin because the hazard quotient (HQ) value is less than 1. However, the authorities need to be careful of excessive ingestion of Al via drinking water because the water treatment plants in the basin follow the conventional method to treat raw water. The turbidity in the tropical Langat River changes very frequently; thus, the doses of Al2(SO4)3 for water disinfection are very crucial. Therefore, reverse osmosis technology can be introduced in the treatment plants because the United States Environmental Protection Agency has recommended that it can remove all types of metal > 90% from treated water.
Minhaz Farid Ahmed; Mazlin Bin Mokhtar; Lubna Alam; Che Abd Rahim Mohamed; Goh Choo Ta. Non-carcinogenic Health Risk Assessment of Aluminium Ingestion Via Drinking Water in Malaysia. Exposure and Health 2019, 11, 167 -180.
AMA StyleMinhaz Farid Ahmed, Mazlin Bin Mokhtar, Lubna Alam, Che Abd Rahim Mohamed, Goh Choo Ta. Non-carcinogenic Health Risk Assessment of Aluminium Ingestion Via Drinking Water in Malaysia. Exposure and Health. 2019; 11 (2):167-180.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMinhaz Farid Ahmed; Mazlin Bin Mokhtar; Lubna Alam; Che Abd Rahim Mohamed; Goh Choo Ta. 2019. "Non-carcinogenic Health Risk Assessment of Aluminium Ingestion Via Drinking Water in Malaysia." Exposure and Health 11, no. 2: 167-180.
Science education emphasises on obtaining knowledge, in which includes hands-on knowledge involving experiments conducted in laboratories. However, since experiments require interactions between students, substances, and equipment, laboratories that can pose great risks to users. In this regards, the Ministry of Education Malaysia has taken proactive approach to enhance laboratory safety via School Science Laboratory Management and Safety guidebook, textbooks, and science based practical workbooks that are used throughout secondary schools in Malaysia. It is challenging to ascertain students’ awareness on laboratory safety throughout Malaysia, hence this study selected 8 secondary schools located in Pahang as case study to determine students’ awareness on laboratory safety. A questionnaire was developed by focusing on five components, namely work procedure, safety equipment, handling experiments, chemical waste management, and emergency response plan, and then the questionnaire was completed by 558 science stream students from schools located at urban and rural areas. The results of this study indicate that the overall level of students’ awareness on laboratory safety is at medium-high level, and this has shown that the existing measures in secondary school to enhance awareness of laboratory safety is adequate. Nevertheless, there are still room for improvement to further enhance students’ awareness on laboratory safety in Malaysia.Keywords: Laboratory safety, awareness, secondary school, Malaysia Pendidikan sains memberi kepentingan kepada pemerolehan ilmu dan memberi penekanan khusus kepada kerja amali yang dijalankan di dalam makmal sains. Memandangkan kerja amali memerlukan interaksi antara pelajar dengan pelbagai bahan dan peralatan, ia menjadikan makmal sains berisiko kepada penggunanya. Sehubungan dengan itu, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia telah memperkukuhkan keselamatan makmal melalui garis panduan Pengurusan dan Keselamatan Makmal Sains, buku teks dan buku amali yang digunapakai di sekolah menengah. Ia adalah mencabar untuk menentukan tahap kesedaran keselamatan makmal di seluruh Malaysia, maka kajian ini telah memilih 8 sekolah menengah yang terletak di Pahang sebagai kajian kes. Soal selidik telah dibangunkan dengan memberi fokus kepada lima komponen utama keselamatan makmal sains, iaitu prosedur kerja, peralatan keselamatan, pengendalian eksperimen, pembuangan sisa bahan kimia dan pelan tindakan kecemasan, dan kemudian soal selidik ini telah dijawab oleh 558 pelajar sains dari sekolah bandar dan luar bandar. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa tahap kesedaran keseluruhan untuk keselamatan makmal adalah pada tahap sederhanda-tinggi, dan ini telah menunjukkan kaedah sedia ada di sekolah menengah adalah memadai. Walaubagaimanapun, ia masih terdapat peluang untuk penambahbaikan serta memperkukuhkan tahap kesedaran pelajar terhadap keselamatan makmal di Malaysia.Kata kunci: Keselamatan makmal, kesedaran, sekolah menengah, Malaysia
Choo Ta Goh; Nur Liyana Ali; Goh Choo Ta; Sharifah Zarina Syed Zakaria; Sharina Abdul Halim; Mazlin Mokhtar; Lee Khai Ern; Lubna Alam. Assessing Awareness on Laboratory Safety: A Case Study in Pahang, Malaysia (Penilaian Kesedaran Keselamatan Makmal: Kajian Kes di Pahang, Malaysia). Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia 2018, 43, 73 -80.
AMA StyleChoo Ta Goh, Nur Liyana Ali, Goh Choo Ta, Sharifah Zarina Syed Zakaria, Sharina Abdul Halim, Mazlin Mokhtar, Lee Khai Ern, Lubna Alam. Assessing Awareness on Laboratory Safety: A Case Study in Pahang, Malaysia (Penilaian Kesedaran Keselamatan Makmal: Kajian Kes di Pahang, Malaysia). Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia. 2018; 43 (2):73-80.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChoo Ta Goh; Nur Liyana Ali; Goh Choo Ta; Sharifah Zarina Syed Zakaria; Sharina Abdul Halim; Mazlin Mokhtar; Lee Khai Ern; Lubna Alam. 2018. "Assessing Awareness on Laboratory Safety: A Case Study in Pahang, Malaysia (Penilaian Kesedaran Keselamatan Makmal: Kajian Kes di Pahang, Malaysia)." Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia 43, no. 2: 73-80.
The presence of toxic polonium-210 (Po-210) in the environment is due to the decay of primordial uranium-238. Meanwhile, several studies have reported elevated Po-210 radioactivity in the rivers around the world due to both natural and anthropogenic factors. However, the primary source of Po-210 in Langat River, Malaysia might be the natural weathering of granite rock along with mining, agriculture and industrial activities. Hence, this is the first study to determine the Po-210 activity in the drinking water supply chain in the Langat River Basin to simultaneously predict the human health risks of Po-210 ingestion. Therefore, water samples were collected in 2015–2016 from the four stages of the water supply chain to analyze by Alpha Spectrometry. Determined Po-210 activity, along with the influence of environmental parameters such as time-series rainfall, flood incidents and water flow data (2005–2015), was well within the maximum limit for drinking water quality standard proposed by the Ministry of Health Malaysia and World Health Organization. Moreover, the annual effective dose of Po-210 ingestion via drinking water supply chain indicates an acceptable carcinogenic risk for the populations in the Langat Basin at 95% confidence level; however, the estimated annual effective dose at the basin is higher than in many countries. Although several studies assume the carcinogenic risk of Po-210 ingestion to humans for a long time even at low activity, however, there is no significant causal study which links Po-210 ingestion via drinking water and cancer risk of the human. Since the conventional coagulation method is unable to remove Po-210 entirely from the treated water, introducing a two-layer water filtration system at the basin can be useful to achieve SDG target 6.1 of achieving safe drinking water supplies well before 2030, which might also be significant for other countries.
Minhaz Farid Ahmed; Lubna Alam; Che Abd Rahim Mohamed; Mazlin Bin Mokhtar; Goh Choo Ta. Health Risk of Polonium 210 Ingestion via Drinking Water: An Experience of Malaysia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018, 15, 2056 .
AMA StyleMinhaz Farid Ahmed, Lubna Alam, Che Abd Rahim Mohamed, Mazlin Bin Mokhtar, Goh Choo Ta. Health Risk of Polonium 210 Ingestion via Drinking Water: An Experience of Malaysia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15 (10):2056.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMinhaz Farid Ahmed; Lubna Alam; Che Abd Rahim Mohamed; Mazlin Bin Mokhtar; Goh Choo Ta. 2018. "Health Risk of Polonium 210 Ingestion via Drinking Water: An Experience of Malaysia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10: 2056.
Due to inadequate planning, rapid development and urbanization have polluted watersheds. Hence, watersheds must be managed properly to ensure their sustainability, by taking into account the importance of landscape and ecology and different socio-economic conditions, culture and religion. Among others, one of the ways to enhance watershed management is via adequate institutional arrangement and legal framework. This chapter has selected Malaysia as a case study, and by focusing on the discharge of pollutants, this chapter demonstrates how both federal and state governments complement each other to strengthen the regulatory framework in preventing pollution in watersheds. While the federal government regulates the discharge from manufacturing processes, the state government regulates activities that are not covered by the federal government, such as aquaculture and farming.
Goh Choo Ta; Mazlin Mokhtar; Khai Ern Lee; Lubna Alam. Institutional Arrangement and Legal Framework for the Management of Watersheds in Malaysia. Environmental Risk Analysis for Asian-Oriented, Risk-Based Watershed Management 2018, 123 -133.
AMA StyleGoh Choo Ta, Mazlin Mokhtar, Khai Ern Lee, Lubna Alam. Institutional Arrangement and Legal Framework for the Management of Watersheds in Malaysia. Environmental Risk Analysis for Asian-Oriented, Risk-Based Watershed Management. 2018; ():123-133.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGoh Choo Ta; Mazlin Mokhtar; Khai Ern Lee; Lubna Alam. 2018. "Institutional Arrangement and Legal Framework for the Management of Watersheds in Malaysia." Environmental Risk Analysis for Asian-Oriented, Risk-Based Watershed Management , no. : 123-133.
Watersheds provide ecological services that benefit flora and fauna, and people are also benefited from the ecological services, particularly for living and development purposes. Hence, watersheds must be managed in holistic and integrated manners to ensure their sustainability. Nonetheless, rapid development has polluted watersheds, and some of the watershed pollutants are chemicals and hazardous substances. This chapter explains the concept of chemical risk and introduces a framework for chemical risk assessment and management that takes into account the importance of human and environmental health. The chapter also discusses chemicals that cause air pollution (such as ground-level ozone and asbestos) and water pollution (such as different types of heavy metals). In the conclusion, this chapter highlights that we cannot avoid dealing with chemicals in our daily life but we can reduce the risks associated with them.
Mazlin Mokhtar; Goh Choo Ta; Lubna Alam; Mohd Talib Latif. Watershed Pollutants: Risk Assessment and Management of Chemicals and Hazardous Substances. Environmental Risk Analysis for Asian-Oriented, Risk-Based Watershed Management 2018, 3 -15.
AMA StyleMazlin Mokhtar, Goh Choo Ta, Lubna Alam, Mohd Talib Latif. Watershed Pollutants: Risk Assessment and Management of Chemicals and Hazardous Substances. Environmental Risk Analysis for Asian-Oriented, Risk-Based Watershed Management. 2018; ():3-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMazlin Mokhtar; Goh Choo Ta; Lubna Alam; Mohd Talib Latif. 2018. "Watershed Pollutants: Risk Assessment and Management of Chemicals and Hazardous Substances." Environmental Risk Analysis for Asian-Oriented, Risk-Based Watershed Management , no. : 3-15.
Water is not only a resource, it is a life source; therefore, the water should be healthy, secure, and sustainable for people. Watersheds are nature’s boundaries for surface water supplies, and thus, the quality of the drinking water at a consumer’s tap depends on the quality of watershed. The risk assessment which is a process used to define the probability and magnitude of adverse effects of an environment from stressors can be used to estimate the costs and benefits of changes in a watershed in terms of risk. This chapter describes the source of pollution and the framework for assessing risk in Malaysian watershed.
Lubna Alam; Mazlin Mokhtar; Goh Choo Ta; Khai Ern Lee; Mohd Talib Latif. Environmental Scan and Framework of Watershed Risk Assessment in Malaysia. Environmental Risk Analysis for Asian-Oriented, Risk-Based Watershed Management 2018, 105 -121.
AMA StyleLubna Alam, Mazlin Mokhtar, Goh Choo Ta, Khai Ern Lee, Mohd Talib Latif. Environmental Scan and Framework of Watershed Risk Assessment in Malaysia. Environmental Risk Analysis for Asian-Oriented, Risk-Based Watershed Management. 2018; ():105-121.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLubna Alam; Mazlin Mokhtar; Goh Choo Ta; Khai Ern Lee; Mohd Talib Latif. 2018. "Environmental Scan and Framework of Watershed Risk Assessment in Malaysia." Environmental Risk Analysis for Asian-Oriented, Risk-Based Watershed Management , no. : 105-121.
Water is an essential element for life. However, the rapid urbanization and industrial development in the past decades have put stress on water resources. Water resource management is intended to solve watershed problems on a sustainable basis, and these problems can be categorized into lack of water (quantity), deterioration in water quality, ecological effects, poor public participation, and low output economic value for investment in watershed-related activities. Involvement of stakeholders is of utmost importance to ensure no one is left behind in the sustainable management of water resources. Hence, an integrated approach has emerged as a shift from the structural approach to a nonstructural approach, that is, from engineering-based solutions to community-based solutions, aiming to induce policy-driven institutional change, particularly the coordination and integration of multiple stakeholders toward sustainable watershed management
Khai Ern Lee; Ramli Abdullah; Marlia Mohd Hanafiah; Azhar Abdul Halim; Mazlin Mokhtar; Choo Ta Goh; Lubna Alam. An Integrated Approach for Stakeholder Participation in Watershed Management. Environmental Risk Analysis for Asian-Oriented, Risk-Based Watershed Management 2018, 135 -143.
AMA StyleKhai Ern Lee, Ramli Abdullah, Marlia Mohd Hanafiah, Azhar Abdul Halim, Mazlin Mokhtar, Choo Ta Goh, Lubna Alam. An Integrated Approach for Stakeholder Participation in Watershed Management. Environmental Risk Analysis for Asian-Oriented, Risk-Based Watershed Management. 2018; ():135-143.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhai Ern Lee; Ramli Abdullah; Marlia Mohd Hanafiah; Azhar Abdul Halim; Mazlin Mokhtar; Choo Ta Goh; Lubna Alam. 2018. "An Integrated Approach for Stakeholder Participation in Watershed Management." Environmental Risk Analysis for Asian-Oriented, Risk-Based Watershed Management , no. : 135-143.
Oil palm research is performed to develop new and upgraded products to face global challenges and thus, the industry is emerging as a dependable source of empowerment for the country. However, it also poses a serious threat due to unawareness of sustainability issues by the smallholders. Thus, this study assesses the actions of oil palm smallholders in a sustainable manner from the environment, economic, and social perspectives. The primary data is collected through a questionnaire survey with 50 supported smallholders in the Terengganu state under the FELDA scheme in Malaysia. The result demonstrates that dependent smallholders with primary level education are responsible for most of the pollution in the environment due to wrong agricultural practices. The study suggests that there is room for improvement in the social, environmental, and economic aspects of sustainability through intensive and quality training, depending on the role played by the authorities and the dependent smallholder cooperatives.
Halima Begum; Chamhuri Siwar; A.S.A. Ferdous Alam; Er Ah Choy; Suraiya Ishak; Lubna Alam. Enhancing sustainability amongst oil palm smallholders in Malaysia. International Journal of Agricultural Resources, Governance and Ecology 2018, 14, 62 .
AMA StyleHalima Begum, Chamhuri Siwar, A.S.A. Ferdous Alam, Er Ah Choy, Suraiya Ishak, Lubna Alam. Enhancing sustainability amongst oil palm smallholders in Malaysia. International Journal of Agricultural Resources, Governance and Ecology. 2018; 14 (1):62.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHalima Begum; Chamhuri Siwar; A.S.A. Ferdous Alam; Er Ah Choy; Suraiya Ishak; Lubna Alam. 2018. "Enhancing sustainability amongst oil palm smallholders in Malaysia." International Journal of Agricultural Resources, Governance and Ecology 14, no. 1: 62.
The spatio-temporal variability of water quality associated with anthropogenic activities was studied for the Bertam River and its main tributaries within the Bertam Catchment, Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. A number of physico-chemical parameters of collected samples were analyzed to evaluate their spatio-temporal variability. Nonparametric statistical analysis showed significant temporal and spatial differences (p < 0.05) in most of the parameters across the catchment. Parameters except dissolved oxygen and chemical oxygen demand displayed higher values in rainy season. The higher concentration of total suspended solids was caused by massive soil erosion and sedimentation. Seasonal variations in contaminant concentrations are largely affected by precipitation and anthropogenic influences. Untreated domestic wastewater discharge as well as agricultural runoff significantly influenced the water quality. Poor agricultural practices and development activities at slope areas also affected the water quality within the catchment. The analytical results provided a basis for protection of river environments and ecological restoration in mountainous Bertam Catchment.
M.G. Rasul; Mir Sujaul Islam; Rosli Bin Mohd Yunus; Mazlin Bin Mokhtar; Lubna Alam; F. M. Yahaya. Spatial and Temporal Variation of Water Quality in the Bertam Catchment, Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. Water Environment Research 2017, 89, 2088 -2102.
AMA StyleM.G. Rasul, Mir Sujaul Islam, Rosli Bin Mohd Yunus, Mazlin Bin Mokhtar, Lubna Alam, F. M. Yahaya. Spatial and Temporal Variation of Water Quality in the Bertam Catchment, Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. Water Environment Research. 2017; 89 (12):2088-2102.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM.G. Rasul; Mir Sujaul Islam; Rosli Bin Mohd Yunus; Mazlin Bin Mokhtar; Lubna Alam; F. M. Yahaya. 2017. "Spatial and Temporal Variation of Water Quality in the Bertam Catchment, Cameron Highlands, Malaysia." Water Environment Research 89, no. 12: 2088-2102.
Study on seismic hazard, building vulnerability and human loss assessment become substantial for building education institutions since the building are used by a lot of students, lecturers, researchers, and guests. The University of the Philippines, Los Banos (UPLB) located in an earthquake prone area. The earthquake could cause structural damage and injury of the UPLB community. We have conducted earthquake assessment in different magnitude and time to predict the posibility of ground shaking, building vulnerability and estimated the number of casualty of the UPLB community. The data preparation in this study includes the earthquake scenario modeling using Intensity Prediction Equations (IPEs) for shallow crustal shaking attenuation to produce intensity map of bedrock and surface. Earthquake model was generated from the segment IV and the segment X of the Valley Fault System (VFS). Building vulnerability of different type of building was calculated using fragility curve of the Philippines building. The population data for each building in various occupancy time, damage ratio, and injury ratio data were used to compute the number of casualties. The result reveals that earthquake model from the segment IV and the segment X of the VFS could generate earthquake intensity between 7.6 – 8.1 MMI in the UPLB campus. The 7.7 Mw earthquake (scenario I) from the segment IV could cause 32% - 51% damage of building and 6.5 Mw earthquake (scenario II) occurring in the segment X could cause 18% - 39% structural damage of UPLB buildings. If the earthquake occurs at 2 PM (day-time), it could injure 10.2% - 18.8% for the scenario I and could injure 7.2% - 15.6% of UPLB population in scenario II. The 5 Pm event, predicted will injure 5.1%-9.4% in the scenario I, and 3.6%-7.8% in scenario II. A nighttime event (2 Am) cause injury to students and guests who stay in dormitories. The earthquake is predicted to injure 13 - 66 students and guests in the scenario I and 9 - 47 people in the scenario II. To reduce the number of injuries, the authority of UPLB have to carry out the buildings restoration, set up earthquake early warning system in all dormitories, and evacuation sign board.
Ibnu Rusydy; D V Faustino-Eslava; U Muksin; R Gallardo-Zafra; J J C Aguirre; N C Bantayan; Lubna Alam; S Dakey. Building vulnerability and human loss assessment in different earthquake intensity and time: a case study of the University of the Philippines, Los Baños (UPLB) Campus. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2017, 56, 12006 .
AMA StyleIbnu Rusydy, D V Faustino-Eslava, U Muksin, R Gallardo-Zafra, J J C Aguirre, N C Bantayan, Lubna Alam, S Dakey. Building vulnerability and human loss assessment in different earthquake intensity and time: a case study of the University of the Philippines, Los Baños (UPLB) Campus. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2017; 56 ():12006.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIbnu Rusydy; D V Faustino-Eslava; U Muksin; R Gallardo-Zafra; J J C Aguirre; N C Bantayan; Lubna Alam; S Dakey. 2017. "Building vulnerability and human loss assessment in different earthquake intensity and time: a case study of the University of the Philippines, Los Baños (UPLB) Campus." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 56, no. : 12006.
Minhaz Farid Ahmed; Lubna Alam; Goh Choo Ta; Che Abd Rahim Mohamed; Mazlin Mokhtar. A Review on the Environmental Pollution of Langat River, Malaysia. Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution 2016, 13, 25 -31.
AMA StyleMinhaz Farid Ahmed, Lubna Alam, Goh Choo Ta, Che Abd Rahim Mohamed, Mazlin Mokhtar. A Review on the Environmental Pollution of Langat River, Malaysia. Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution. 2016; 13 (4):25-31.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMinhaz Farid Ahmed; Lubna Alam; Goh Choo Ta; Che Abd Rahim Mohamed; Mazlin Mokhtar. 2016. "A Review on the Environmental Pollution of Langat River, Malaysia." Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution 13, no. 4: 25-31.
Goh Choo Ta; Chan Kok Meng; Mazlin Mokhtar; Lee Khai Ern; Lubna Alam; Mohamad Mahathir Amir Sultan; Nur Liyana Ali. Enhancing the regulatory framework for upstream chemicals management in Malaysia: Some proposals from an academic perspective. ACS Chemical Health & Safety 2016, 23, 12 -18.
AMA StyleGoh Choo Ta, Chan Kok Meng, Mazlin Mokhtar, Lee Khai Ern, Lubna Alam, Mohamad Mahathir Amir Sultan, Nur Liyana Ali. Enhancing the regulatory framework for upstream chemicals management in Malaysia: Some proposals from an academic perspective. ACS Chemical Health & Safety. 2016; 23 (3):12-18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGoh Choo Ta; Chan Kok Meng; Mazlin Mokhtar; Lee Khai Ern; Lubna Alam; Mohamad Mahathir Amir Sultan; Nur Liyana Ali. 2016. "Enhancing the regulatory framework for upstream chemicals management in Malaysia: Some proposals from an academic perspective." ACS Chemical Health & Safety 23, no. 3: 12-18.