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One of the possible ways to face the challenge of reducing the environmental impact of aviation, without limiting the growth of air transport, is the introduction of more efficient, radically different aircraft architectures. Among these, the box-wing one represents a promising solution, at least in the case of its application to short-to-medium haul aircraft, which, according to the achievement of the H2020 project “PARSIFAL”, would bring to a 20% reduction in terms of emitted CO2 per passenger-kilometre. The present paper faces the problem of estimating the structural mass of such a disruptive configuration in the early stages of the design, underlining the limitations in this capability of the approaches available by literature and proposing a DoE-based approach to define surrogate models suitable for such purpose. A test case from the project “PARSIFAL” is used for the first conception of the approach, starting from the Finite Element Model parametrization, then followed by the construction of a database of FEM results, hence introducing the regression models and implementing them in an optimization framework. Results achieved are investigated in order to validate both the wing sizing and the optimization procedure. Finally, an additional test case resulting from the application of the box-wing layout to the regional aircraft category within the Italian research project “PROSIB”, is briefly presented to further assess the capabilities of the proposed approach.
V. Cipolla; K. Abu Salem; G. Palaia; V. Binante; D. Zanetti. A DoE-based approach for the implementation of structural surrogate models in the early stage design of box-wing aircraft. Aerospace Science and Technology 2021, 117, 106968 .
AMA StyleV. Cipolla, K. Abu Salem, G. Palaia, V. Binante, D. Zanetti. A DoE-based approach for the implementation of structural surrogate models in the early stage design of box-wing aircraft. Aerospace Science and Technology. 2021; 117 ():106968.
Chicago/Turabian StyleV. Cipolla; K. Abu Salem; G. Palaia; V. Binante; D. Zanetti. 2021. "A DoE-based approach for the implementation of structural surrogate models in the early stage design of box-wing aircraft." Aerospace Science and Technology 117, no. : 106968.
A way to face the challenge of moving towards a new greener aviation is to exploit disruptive aircraft architectures; one of the most promising concept is the PrandtlPlane, a box-wing aircraft based on the Prandtl's studies on multiplane lifting systems. A box-wing designed accordingly the Prandtl “best wing system” minimizes the induced drag for given lift and span, and thus it has the potential to reduce fuel consumption and noxious emissions. For disruptive aerodynamic concepts, physic-based aerodynamic design is needed from the very early stages of the design process, because of the lack of available statistical data; this paper describes two different in-house developed aerodynamic design tools for the PrandtlPlane conceptual aerodynamic design: AEROSTATE, for the design of the box-wing lifting system in cruise condition, and THeLMA, aiming to define the layout of control surfaces and high lift devices. These two tools have been extensively used to explore the feasible space for the aerodynamic design of the box-wing architecture, aiming to define preliminary correlations between performance and design variables, and guidelines to properly initialize the design process. As a result, relevant correlations have been identified between the rear-front wing loading ratio and the performance in cruise condition, and for the rear-front flap deflections and the aeromechanic characteristics in low speed condition.
Karim Abu Salem; Palaia Giuseppe; Cipolla Vittorio; Binante Vincenzo; Zanetti Davide; Chiarelli Mario. Tools and methodologies for box-wing aircraft conceptual aerodynamic design and aeromechanic analysis. Mechanics & Industry 2021, 22, 39 .
AMA StyleKarim Abu Salem, Palaia Giuseppe, Cipolla Vittorio, Binante Vincenzo, Zanetti Davide, Chiarelli Mario. Tools and methodologies for box-wing aircraft conceptual aerodynamic design and aeromechanic analysis. Mechanics & Industry. 2021; 22 ():39.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarim Abu Salem; Palaia Giuseppe; Cipolla Vittorio; Binante Vincenzo; Zanetti Davide; Chiarelli Mario. 2021. "Tools and methodologies for box-wing aircraft conceptual aerodynamic design and aeromechanic analysis." Mechanics & Industry 22, no. : 39.
The aviation world is dealing with the development of new and greener aviation. The need for reducing greenhouse gas emission as well as the noise is a critical requirement for the aviation of the future. The aviation world is struggling with it, and a compelling alternative can be the electric propulsion. This work aims to present THEA-CODE, a tool for the conceptual design of hybrid-electric aircraft. The tool evaluates the potential benefits of the electric propulsion in terms of fuel burnt and direct and indirect CO2 emissions. THEA-CODE is suitable not only for conventional “wing-tube” configurations but also for unconventional ones, such as the box-wing. The results show a significant reduction of fuel burnt adopting batteries with energy density higher than the current state of the art. A procedure to find the potential best compromise configurations is presented as well.
Giuseppe Palaia; Davide Zanetti; Karim Abu Salem; Vittorio Cipolla; Vincenzo Binante. THEA-CODE: a design tool for the conceptual design of hybrid-electric aircraft with conventional or unconventional airframe configurations. Mechanics & Industry 2021, 22, 19 .
AMA StyleGiuseppe Palaia, Davide Zanetti, Karim Abu Salem, Vittorio Cipolla, Vincenzo Binante. THEA-CODE: a design tool for the conceptual design of hybrid-electric aircraft with conventional or unconventional airframe configurations. Mechanics & Industry. 2021; 22 ():19.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiuseppe Palaia; Davide Zanetti; Karim Abu Salem; Vittorio Cipolla; Vincenzo Binante. 2021. "THEA-CODE: a design tool for the conceptual design of hybrid-electric aircraft with conventional or unconventional airframe configurations." Mechanics & Industry 22, no. : 19.
The PARSIFAL project (Prandtlplane ARchitecture for the Sustainable Improvement of Future AirpLanes) aims to promote an innovative box-wing aircraft: the PrandtlPlane. Aircraft developed adopting this configuration are expected to achieve a payload capability higher than common single aisle analogues (e.g., Airbus 320 and Boeing 737 families), without any increase in the overall dimensions. We estimated the exhaust emissions from the PrandtlPlane and compared the corresponding impacts to those of a conventional reference aircraft, in terms of Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Global Temperature Potential (GTP), on two time-horizons and accounted for regional sensitivity. We considered carbon dioxide, carbonaceous and sulphate aerosols, nitrogen oxides and related ozone production, methane degradation and nitrate aerosols formation, contrails, and contrail cirrus. Overall, the introduction of the PrandtlPlane is expected to bring a considerable reduction of climate change in all the source regions considered, on both the time-horizons examined. Moreover, fuel consumption is expected to be reduced by 20%, as confirmed through high-fidelity Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. Sensitivity of data, models, and metrics are detailed. Impact reduction and mitigation strategies are discussed, as well as the gaps to be addressed in order to develop a comprehensive Life Cycle Assessment on aircraft emissions.
Andrea Tasca; Vittorio Cipolla; Karim Abu Salem; Monica Puccini. Innovative Box-Wing Aircraft: Emissions and Climate Change. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3282 .
AMA StyleAndrea Tasca, Vittorio Cipolla, Karim Abu Salem, Monica Puccini. Innovative Box-Wing Aircraft: Emissions and Climate Change. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (6):3282.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Tasca; Vittorio Cipolla; Karim Abu Salem; Monica Puccini. 2021. "Innovative Box-Wing Aircraft: Emissions and Climate Change." Sustainability 13, no. 6: 3282.
The present paper deals with the take-off performance analysis of PrandtlPlane aircraft. The PrandtlPlane is a Box-Wing configuration based on Prandtl’s “Best Wing System” concept, which minimizes the induced drag once wingspan and lift are given. The take-off dynamics is simulated implementing the non-linear equations of motion in a numerical tool, which adopts a Vortex Lattice Method solver to evaluate the aerodynamics characteristics taking also ground effects into account. The take-off analysis is performed for both a PrandtlPlane and a reference monoplane, with the aim of comparing the performance of the two different architectures. The preliminary results show the potential advantages of the PrandtlPlane, such as runway length reduction and improved passenger comfort.
K. Abu Salem; G. Palaia; M. Bianchi; D. Zanetti; V. Cipolla; V. Binante. Preliminary Take-Off Analysis and Simulation of PrandtlPlane Commercial Aircraft. Aerotecnica Missili & Spazio 2020, 99, 203 -216.
AMA StyleK. Abu Salem, G. Palaia, M. Bianchi, D. Zanetti, V. Cipolla, V. Binante. Preliminary Take-Off Analysis and Simulation of PrandtlPlane Commercial Aircraft. Aerotecnica Missili & Spazio. 2020; 99 (3):203-216.
Chicago/Turabian StyleK. Abu Salem; G. Palaia; M. Bianchi; D. Zanetti; V. Cipolla; V. Binante. 2020. "Preliminary Take-Off Analysis and Simulation of PrandtlPlane Commercial Aircraft." Aerotecnica Missili & Spazio 99, no. 3: 203-216.