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Soteris A. Kalogirou
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Sciences and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus

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Journal article
Published: 27 August 2021 in Energy Conversion and Management
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The increasing penetration of renewable energy technologies causes major problems in the power network, as their generation cannot be totally predicted. Along with fluctuations in the generation of renewables due to weather uncertainties, storage is very important for mitigating several problems that may arise, affecting the stability and reliability of the grid. In particular, in recent years there has been an emphasis on residential storage applications (behind-the-meter storage), with the aim of increasing the energy self-consumption and therefore reducing electricity bills. The proposed model consists of a 3 kWp rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) system connected to the grid through converters and a battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system. The model is developed and simulated in the MATLAB/Simulink software environment, based on mathematical analysis and average modeling. The supercapacitor handles rapid changes that occur within 0.2 s, and this can relieve the battery stress and extend the battery lifetime. The building’s electricity demand is satisfied through the PV, hybrid energy storage and/or grid. A new filtration-based power management algorithm (PMA) is proposed here, prioritizing the utilization of the PV and battery-supercapacitor instead of the grid, thus achieving a reduced power exchange between the building and the grid and increasing the PV self-consumption and self-sufficiency of the building. The dynamic performance of the proposed model is verified through several simulations over short time periods (10–30 s) for different scenarios that could occur. The obtained results show that the model works properly and responds extremely fast during the different mode transitions, exhibiting a very fast DC-bus voltage regulation with a very small ripple voltage of up to 5 V (a maximum of ± 0.625%). Additionally, both battery and supercapacitor remain between their minimum and maximum limits. Finally, an effective power sharing is achieved between the PV, the battery-supercapacitor storage, the building load and the grid.

ACS Style

Maria C. Argyrou; Christos C. Marouchos; Soteris A. Kalogirou; Paul Christodoulides. A novel power management algorithm for a residential grid-connected PV system with battery-supercapacitor storage for increased self-consumption and self-sufficiency. Energy Conversion and Management 2021, 246, 114671 .

AMA Style

Maria C. Argyrou, Christos C. Marouchos, Soteris A. Kalogirou, Paul Christodoulides. A novel power management algorithm for a residential grid-connected PV system with battery-supercapacitor storage for increased self-consumption and self-sufficiency. Energy Conversion and Management. 2021; 246 ():114671.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria C. Argyrou; Christos C. Marouchos; Soteris A. Kalogirou; Paul Christodoulides. 2021. "A novel power management algorithm for a residential grid-connected PV system with battery-supercapacitor storage for increased self-consumption and self-sufficiency." Energy Conversion and Management 246, no. : 114671.

Journal article
Published: 14 August 2021 in Energy Reports
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The increased penetration of renewables and the variable behavior of solar irradiation makes the energy storage important for overcoming several stability issues that arise in the power network. The current paper examines the design and stability analysis of a grid-connected residential photovoltaic (PV) system with battery–supercapacitor hybrid energy storage. The battery and supercapacitor packs are connected to the common 400 V DC-bus in a fully active parallel configuration through two bidirectional DC–DC converters, hence they have different voltage levels and their power flow is controlled separately. A detailed small-signal stability analysis is considered for the design of the current controllers for the bidirectional converters of the battery and supercapacitor. An important contribution here is that a detailed stability analysis is performed for both the boost and the buck mode of operation for the battery and supercapacitor converters, resulting in more accurate tuning of the controllers. Moreover, the small-signal stability analysis of the voltage source inverter (VSI) is considered in order to design the DC-bus voltage controller, where a reference output current is obtained using a phase-locked loop (PLL) for grid synchronization. The proposed model is developed and simulated in the MATLAB/Simulink software environment, based on mathematical analysis and average modeling. The simulation results verify the dynamic performance of the proposed model, through several rapid changes in PV generation and in load demand. Also, the model works properly and responds extremely fast during different mode transitions, exhibiting a very fast DC-bus voltage regulation with a very small ripple voltage (a maximum of ± 0.625%). Finally, the supercapacitor handles the rapid changes occurring within 0.2 s, hence this can relieve the battery stress and extend the battery lifetime.

ACS Style

Maria C. Argyrou; Christos C. Marouchos; Soteris A. Kalogirou; Paul Christodoulides. Modeling a residential grid-connected PV system with battery–supercapacitor storage: Control design and stability analysis. Energy Reports 2021, 7, 4988 -5002.

AMA Style

Maria C. Argyrou, Christos C. Marouchos, Soteris A. Kalogirou, Paul Christodoulides. Modeling a residential grid-connected PV system with battery–supercapacitor storage: Control design and stability analysis. Energy Reports. 2021; 7 ():4988-5002.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria C. Argyrou; Christos C. Marouchos; Soteris A. Kalogirou; Paul Christodoulides. 2021. "Modeling a residential grid-connected PV system with battery–supercapacitor storage: Control design and stability analysis." Energy Reports 7, no. : 4988-5002.

Reference work
Published: 12 August 2021 in Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology
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ACS Style

Soteris A. Kalogirou. Solar Thermal Energy: History. Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology 2021, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Soteris A. Kalogirou. Solar Thermal Energy: History. Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology. 2021; ():1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Soteris A. Kalogirou. 2021. "Solar Thermal Energy: History." Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology , no. : 1-13.

Journal article
Published: 11 August 2021 in Renewable Energy
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The reduced electrical efficiency of PV modules caused by the increase of cell temperature, is a crucial issue for photovoltaic applications in buildings. Traditional solutions focus on passive cooling techniques to achieve heat regulation of PV modules, but cannot use effectively solar radiation not absorbed by solar cells. Therefore, in the current study a spectral splitting PV/T system is developed, which targets to filter part energy with Ag nanofluid and balance the effective heat and electricity harvesting for buildings. For this purpose, an indoor experimental investigation using a solar simulator is carried out to evaluate the performance of spectral-splitting PV/T system with optimal Ag nanofluid. The effects of solar radiation, optical thickness and mass fraction on the heat/electricity yield are discussed to illustrate the potential utilization in buildings. Results indicate that increased solar radiation would have a negligible effect on the electrical efficiency with a cell temperature of 25 °C. Due to the reduced transmittance of the Ag nanofluid caused by the increased optical thickness or mass fraction, electricity yield is decreased but harvest of heat is increased. In addition, adding Ag/water nanofluid above PV modules, would have a positive effect on the heat regulation of cell temperature.

ACS Style

Chunxiao Zhang; Chao Shen; Yingbo Zhang; Cheng Sun; Dorota Chwieduk; Soteris A. Kalogirou. Optimization of the electricity/heat production of a PV/T system based on spectral splitting with Ag nanofluid. Renewable Energy 2021, 180, 30 -39.

AMA Style

Chunxiao Zhang, Chao Shen, Yingbo Zhang, Cheng Sun, Dorota Chwieduk, Soteris A. Kalogirou. Optimization of the electricity/heat production of a PV/T system based on spectral splitting with Ag nanofluid. Renewable Energy. 2021; 180 ():30-39.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chunxiao Zhang; Chao Shen; Yingbo Zhang; Cheng Sun; Dorota Chwieduk; Soteris A. Kalogirou. 2021. "Optimization of the electricity/heat production of a PV/T system based on spectral splitting with Ag nanofluid." Renewable Energy 180, no. : 30-39.

Review
Published: 13 March 2021 in Progress in Energy and Combustion Science
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Biodiesel has the potential to significantly contribute to making transportation fuels more sustainable. Due to the complexity and nonlinearity of processes for biodiesel production and use, fast and accurate modeling tools are required for their design, optimization, monitoring, and control. Data-driven machine learning (ML) techniques have demonstrated superior predictive capability compared to conventional methods for modeling such highly complex processes. Among the available ML techniques, the artificial neural network (ANN) technology is the most widely used approach in biodiesel research. The ANN approach is a computational learning method that mimics the human brain's neurological processing ability to map input-output relationships of ill-defined systems. Given its high generalization capacity, ANN has gained popularity in dealing with complex nonlinear real-world engineering and scientific problems. This paper is devoted to thoroughly reviewing and critically discussing various ML technology applications, with a particular focus on ANN, to solve function approximation, optimization, monitoring, and control problems in biodiesel research. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of using ML technology in biodiesel research are highlighted to direct future R&D efforts in this domain. ML technology has generally been used in biodiesel research for modeling (trans)esterification processes, physico-chemical characteristics of biodiesel, and biodiesel-fueled internal combustion engines. The primary purpose of introducing ML technology to the biodiesel industry has been to monitor and control biodiesel systems in real-time; however, these issues have rarely been explored in the literature. Therefore, future studies appear to be directed towards the use of ML techniques for real-time process monitoring and control of biodiesel systems to enhance production efficiency, economic viability, and environmental sustainability.

ACS Style

Mortaza Aghbashlo; Wanxi Peng; Meisam Tabatabaei; Soteris A. Kalogirou; Salman Soltanian; Homa Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha; Omid Mahian; Su Shiung Lam. Machine learning technology in biodiesel research: A review. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 2021, 85, 100904 .

AMA Style

Mortaza Aghbashlo, Wanxi Peng, Meisam Tabatabaei, Soteris A. Kalogirou, Salman Soltanian, Homa Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha, Omid Mahian, Su Shiung Lam. Machine learning technology in biodiesel research: A review. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science. 2021; 85 ():100904.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mortaza Aghbashlo; Wanxi Peng; Meisam Tabatabaei; Soteris A. Kalogirou; Salman Soltanian; Homa Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha; Omid Mahian; Su Shiung Lam. 2021. "Machine learning technology in biodiesel research: A review." Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 85, no. : 100904.

Journal article
Published: 13 January 2021 in Applied Sciences
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In this study, two years of hourly longwave downward and upward irradiance measurements at Athalassa, an inland location, are used to analyze and compare them. A detailed quality control process was followed according to the suggested tests proposed by the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) group. The criteria involved are based on physically possible, extremely rare and climatological limits. Furthermore, comparison tests were also applied between the two longwave components as well as with air and ground surface temperatures. Additionally, time consistency and persistency tests were applied. All the suspect data were excluded from the analysis. The frequency distribution of downward longwave irradiances, the data showed that it follows a normal distribution function, while the upward longwave follows an almost normal distribution but with a long positive tail. The annual mean daily downward longwave irradiation is 27.3 MJ m−2 and the annual mean daily upward longwave irradiation is 37.8 MJ m−2. The net longwave irradiation is always negative ranging from −5.9 to −12.1 MJ/m2. Various models were tested to estimate daylight and all day downward and upward longwave irradiances under clear-sky and all-sky conditions. For the comparison of measured and estimated values the root-mean-square errors and linear regression correlations have been used. The results of this comparison showed that Idso’s and Brunt’s models perform well, and they can be used to estimate downward longwave irradiance under clear-sky conditions. Furthermore, both models were extended to estimate the daylight downward longwave irradiance under all-sky conditions by taking into account the ratio of global to the clear-sky global solar irradiance. In this case, the RMSE of the local calibrated coefficients scheme of Idso’s model was 30.6 W m−2, while Brunt’s model showed slightly lower value (29.0 W m−2).

ACS Style

Stelios Pashiardis; Soteris A. Kalogirou. Characteristics of Downward and Upward Longwave Radiation at Athalassa, an Inland Location of the Island of Cyprus. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 719 .

AMA Style

Stelios Pashiardis, Soteris A. Kalogirou. Characteristics of Downward and Upward Longwave Radiation at Athalassa, an Inland Location of the Island of Cyprus. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (2):719.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stelios Pashiardis; Soteris A. Kalogirou. 2021. "Characteristics of Downward and Upward Longwave Radiation at Athalassa, an Inland Location of the Island of Cyprus." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2: 719.

Journal article
Published: 12 January 2021 in Renewable Energy
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The building sector in Europe represents a large amount of the total energy consumption. European Union policies urge energy management systems installation in buildings, to achieve the nZEB targets and mitigate the climate change. Except for renewable energy sources, the incorporation of energy storage units (ESUs) is of major importance for building energy management, in order to increase self-consumption levels. The present work contributes to the mass installation of ESUs in building sector, as a tool to provide flexibility in the distributed production of energy. This concept is an enhanced version of nZEBs that is able to compete in the Electricity Market, and to contribute to the reliability and flexibility of the electricity grid as an alternative to centralized ESUs investments. In this context, the present work proposes a new type of grid ancillary services for building sector and a novel Grid Support Scheme (GSS) that considers both the energy fluctuations of the available energy in the ESU as well as the energy transactions with the grid. The proposed GSS model concludes to a pricing policy relying on the Value of Lost Load (VoLL), in order that the proposed grid support investment becomes sustainable. The validation of the GSS is performed by means of Life Cycle Cost Assessment.

ACS Style

F. Kotarela; A. Kyritsis; N. Papanikolaou; S.A. Kalogirou. Enhanced nZEB concept incorporating a sustainable Grid Support Scheme. Renewable Energy 2021, 169, 714 -725.

AMA Style

F. Kotarela, A. Kyritsis, N. Papanikolaou, S.A. Kalogirou. Enhanced nZEB concept incorporating a sustainable Grid Support Scheme. Renewable Energy. 2021; 169 ():714-725.

Chicago/Turabian Style

F. Kotarela; A. Kyritsis; N. Papanikolaou; S.A. Kalogirou. 2021. "Enhanced nZEB concept incorporating a sustainable Grid Support Scheme." Renewable Energy 169, no. : 714-725.

Journal article
Published: 28 December 2020 in Current Nanoscience
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: Nanofluids, consist of base liquid and nano-sized conductive particles, are widely acclaimed as a new generation liquid for heat transfer applications. Since it possesses a variety of conductive particles, it can be efficiently utilized in the heat exchanger. These nano-sized conductive particles can increase the surface area, thus the heat transfer area, and change the thermophysical features of nanofluids. Density, thermal conductivity, viscosity, and heat capacity are crucial parameters and cannot be underestimated in heat transfer. These properties can be manipulated by the particle and base-liquid, and significantly influence the performance of nanofluids. For the last decade, several models, equations, and investigations were performed to examine the parameters that promote the properties. The review is necessary for terms of classifying the studies both compatible, and contradictory on the effects of density, thermal conductivity, viscosity, and heat capacity on the performance of nanofluids.

ACS Style

Reyhan Arslan; Veysel Ahmet Özdemir; Emel Akyol; Ahmet Selim Dalkilic; Somchai Wongwises. Thermophysical Properties of Nanofluids. Current Nanoscience 2020, 16, 1 -38.

AMA Style

Reyhan Arslan, Veysel Ahmet Özdemir, Emel Akyol, Ahmet Selim Dalkilic, Somchai Wongwises. Thermophysical Properties of Nanofluids. Current Nanoscience. 2020; 16 ():1-38.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Reyhan Arslan; Veysel Ahmet Özdemir; Emel Akyol; Ahmet Selim Dalkilic; Somchai Wongwises. 2020. "Thermophysical Properties of Nanofluids." Current Nanoscience 16, no. : 1-38.

Encyclopedia
Published: 28 September 2020 in Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences
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This chapter examines solar space heating and cooling systems. Initially, the basic system configurations are presented which include active solar systems in which direct circulation systems, indirect water-heating systems, and air water-heating systems are presented; space heating and service hot water systems which include air and water systems, issues concerning the location of auxiliary and heat pump systems; and solar cooling, which includes adsorption units, absorption units, lithium–water absorption systems, ammonia-water absorption systems, and solar cooling with absorption refrigeration. Subsequently, heat storage systems are examined which include air and liquid systems thermal storage. Finally, details of various aspects of system design are presented which include module and array design, heat exchangers, and differential temperature controllers.

ACS Style

Soteris A. Kalogirou; Georgios A. Florides. Solar Space Heating and Cooling Systems. Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Soteris A. Kalogirou, Georgios A. Florides. Solar Space Heating and Cooling Systems. Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences. 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Soteris A. Kalogirou; Georgios A. Florides. 2020. "Solar Space Heating and Cooling Systems." Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 20 September 2020 in Springer Proceedings in Energy
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This keynote presentation examines the current status of renewables in the world. The presentation starts with some facts about the climate change, global warming and the effects of human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels on the climate problem. It then examines shortly the current status of conventional resources of energy, followed by a general outline of the status of renewables in the world, which includes the shares with respect to conventional fuel use for electricity and power and jobs created. Then the basic forms of renewables are examined in some detail, which include solar thermal, both for low and high temperature applications, photovoltaics, hydro power, onshore and offshore wind energy systems and biomass/biofuels. In all these the basic technology is presented followed by the current status as well as the prospects of the technology and new research findings.

ACS Style

Soteris A. Kalogirou. Renewable Energy Systems: Current Status and Prospects. Springer Proceedings in Energy 2020, 451 -454.

AMA Style

Soteris A. Kalogirou. Renewable Energy Systems: Current Status and Prospects. Springer Proceedings in Energy. 2020; ():451-454.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Soteris A. Kalogirou. 2020. "Renewable Energy Systems: Current Status and Prospects." Springer Proceedings in Energy , no. : 451-454.

Journal article
Published: 17 July 2020 in Energies
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Reducing the primary energy consumption in buildings and simultaneously increasing self-consumption from renewable energy sources in nearly-zero-energy buildings, as per the 2010/31/EU directive, is crucial nowadays. This work solved the problem of nearly zeroing the net grid electrical energy in buildings in real time. This target was achieved using linear programming (LP)—a convex optimization technique leading to global solutions—to optimally decide the daily charging or discharging (dispatch) of the energy storage in an adaptive manner, in real time, and hence control and minimize both the import and export grid energies. LP was assisted by equally powerful methods, such as artificial neural networks (ANN) for forecasting the building’s load demand and photovoltaic (PV) on a 24 hour basis, and genetic algorithm (GA)—a heuristic optimization technique—for driving the optimum dispatch. Moreover, to address the non-linear nature of the battery and model the energy dispatch in a more realistic manner, the proven freeware system advisor model (SAM) of National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) was integrated with the proposed approach to give the final dispatch. Assessing the case of a building, the results showed that the annual hourly profile of the import and export energies was smoothed and flattened, as compared to the cases without storage and/or using a conventional controller. With the proposed approach, the annual aggregated grid usage was reduced by 53% and the building’s annual energy needs were covered by the renewable energy system at a rate of 60%. It was therefore concluded that the proposed hybrid methodology can provide a tool to maximize the autonomy of nearly-zero-energy buildings and bring them a step closer to implementation.

ACS Style

Giorgos S. Georgiou; Pavlos Nikolaidis; Soteris A. Kalogirou; Paul Christodoulides. A Hybrid Optimization Approach for Autonomy Enhancement of Nearly-Zero-Energy Buildings Based on Battery Performance and Artificial Neural Networks. Energies 2020, 13, 3680 .

AMA Style

Giorgos S. Georgiou, Pavlos Nikolaidis, Soteris A. Kalogirou, Paul Christodoulides. A Hybrid Optimization Approach for Autonomy Enhancement of Nearly-Zero-Energy Buildings Based on Battery Performance and Artificial Neural Networks. Energies. 2020; 13 (14):3680.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giorgos S. Georgiou; Pavlos Nikolaidis; Soteris A. Kalogirou; Paul Christodoulides. 2020. "A Hybrid Optimization Approach for Autonomy Enhancement of Nearly-Zero-Energy Buildings Based on Battery Performance and Artificial Neural Networks." Energies 13, no. 14: 3680.

Original article
Published: 13 July 2020 in Heat Transfer
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The feasibility of using multiport minichannel (MPMC) as thermosyphon for cooling miniaturized electronic products is experimentally investigated with acetone as the working fluid. A detailed analysis on thermal performance and entropy generation due to heat transfer and pressure drop with the effects of heat load (10‐50 W), filling ratio (FR; 40%, 50%, and 60%), and inclination angle (45°, 60°, and 90°) has been carried out. The results showed a reduction of 22.2% and 9.31% in thermal resistance and evaporator wall temperature at optimum filling ratio (OFR) of 50%. Reduction in entropy generation due to heat transfer and pressure drop of 16.6% and 12.3%, respectively, was observed at OFR. Internal fins in MPMC increase the surface area and evaporation rate by enhancing heat transfer leading to a decrease in the rate of entropy generation. Multiport increases surface tension of condensate at right angles to the flow direction along with the effects of gravity and enhancing rate of condensation. A new correlation is developed to predict evaporator wall temperature as a function of heat load and FR. The proposed correlation agrees well with a deviation of ±20% with present experimental results and also with the published literature. Thus, the obtained results will be useful in cooling miniaturized electronic devices.

ACS Style

Stephen Manova; Lazarus Godson Asirvatham; Rajesh Nimmagadda; Jefferson Raja Bose; Somchai Wongwises. Feasibility of using multiport minichannel as thermosyphon for cooling of miniaturized electronic devices. Heat Transfer 2020, 49, 4834 -4856.

AMA Style

Stephen Manova, Lazarus Godson Asirvatham, Rajesh Nimmagadda, Jefferson Raja Bose, Somchai Wongwises. Feasibility of using multiport minichannel as thermosyphon for cooling of miniaturized electronic devices. Heat Transfer. 2020; 49 (8):4834-4856.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stephen Manova; Lazarus Godson Asirvatham; Rajesh Nimmagadda; Jefferson Raja Bose; Somchai Wongwises. 2020. "Feasibility of using multiport minichannel as thermosyphon for cooling of miniaturized electronic devices." Heat Transfer 49, no. 8: 4834-4856.

Journal article
Published: 13 July 2020 in Energy
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Photovoltaic (PV) technology is highly adopted within buildings, as it is proven for reducing electricity bills. However, with the 2010/31/EU directive all new buildings shall be nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB) from 2020 onward, with the requirement to maintain their energy consumption at low levels. For further embedding the nZEB concept in an integrated, holistic and efficient energy system, to overcome any application problems, one should not only focus on building energy efficiency designs, but also on smart and effective energy management techniques. For instance, as energy storage may contribute a key solution towards nZEB, a novel approach able to adapt to a given PV generation and load demand and individually control the battery and the net grid energy, is presented. This is achieved through Linear Programming (LP), a convex optimization tool, along with a weighted sum approach. Using real data, simulation results demonstrate that, choosing the right weight values based on the given generation and demand profiles, the LP model controls the building’s import energy, export energy and the battery accordingly. Hence, the net grid electrical energy is maintained to the minimum possible level. Finally, the LP model is crossed-checked with the freeware System Advisor Model (SAM) showing a normalized Root Mean Squared Error (nRMSE) of 2.10% for the annual battery dispatch. The analysis shows that the LP model combined with SAM, for addressing the non-linearity of the storage and to account for the power conversion losses, gives a lower annual net grid energy use than SAM’s automated target controller by 2.0%.

ACS Style

Giorgos S. Georgiou; Paul Christodoulides; Soteris A. Kalogirou. Optimizing the energy storage schedule of a battery in a PV grid-connected nZEB using linear programming. Energy 2020, 208, 118177 .

AMA Style

Giorgos S. Georgiou, Paul Christodoulides, Soteris A. Kalogirou. Optimizing the energy storage schedule of a battery in a PV grid-connected nZEB using linear programming. Energy. 2020; 208 ():118177.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giorgos S. Georgiou; Paul Christodoulides; Soteris A. Kalogirou. 2020. "Optimizing the energy storage schedule of a battery in a PV grid-connected nZEB using linear programming." Energy 208, no. : 118177.

Journal article
Published: 17 March 2020 in Powder Technology
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This study aims to evaluate the effect of the concentration of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/ turbine meter oil nanofluids on thermophysical attributes of lubricants, including the viscosity index, kinematics viscosity, flash point, pressure drop, and friction factor. The results indicated that the viscosity of pure lubricant was enhanced with the addition of MWCNTs and increased with decreasing temperature. The viscosity index at a concentration of 0.3 wt% was increased by 2.43%. The flash point temperature at concentrations of 0.3 wt% and 0.4 wt% was increased by 4.4%. Experiments were conducted to obtain the pressure drop data and friction factor. The friction factor increased for all concentrations of MWCNTs in pure oil; the highest increment in the friction factor, with the addition of 0.3 wt% nanoparticles to pure oil in 0.069 m/s inlet velocity, was 10.41%. The mean deviation between the experimental friction factor and simulation friction factor was 0.029.

ACS Style

Hadi Pourpasha; Saeed Zeinali Heris; Omid Mahian; Somchai Wongwises. The effect of multi-wall carbon nanotubes/turbine meter oil nanofluid concentration on the thermophysical properties of lubricants. Powder Technology 2020, 367, 133 -142.

AMA Style

Hadi Pourpasha, Saeed Zeinali Heris, Omid Mahian, Somchai Wongwises. The effect of multi-wall carbon nanotubes/turbine meter oil nanofluid concentration on the thermophysical properties of lubricants. Powder Technology. 2020; 367 ():133-142.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hadi Pourpasha; Saeed Zeinali Heris; Omid Mahian; Somchai Wongwises. 2020. "The effect of multi-wall carbon nanotubes/turbine meter oil nanofluid concentration on the thermophysical properties of lubricants." Powder Technology 367, no. : 133-142.

Journal article
Published: 04 November 2019 in Energy
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Many countries apply measures for the limitation of the conventional energy technologies and try to expand the use of renewables. As the building sector accounts for almost 40% of the energy consumption in Europe, building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems gain peoples’ interest lately concerning the replacement of the conventional construction materials of the buildings envelope with photovoltaic (PV) panels which can serve at the same time as construction material and energy producer. The aim of this study is to present an overview of the available published research on the BIPV systems and identify the barriers and risks associated with the application of BIPV and discuss the future perspectives and solutions through recommendations for future research and development. The most important barriers of the BIPV systems are the feed in tariff implementation, the public acceptance, the governmental economic support in terms of subsidies and technical aspects like the power losses and the architectural considerations. The future perspectives of the BIPV systems proposed are based on the barriers discussed. It is stated that new solutions in the PV industry are many and various and there is room for improvement regarding design, configuration, ventilation, positioning, guidelines, monitoring and performance prediction. In total, more than 100 articles have been identified and analysed since 2000. Many of these articles have a predominant focus on the investigation of the performance of the system, and the ventilation of the PV panels in BIPV applications for electricity production, due to the negative role of the temperature on PVs electrical efficiency, and the heat transfer behavior of the system. This paper shows that although research in the adoption of BIPV systems in terms of their performance and optimization is fairly new, it has gained attention in the last decades. However, their practical applications have been slow in comparison with the conventional rack-mounted PV panels.

ACS Style

Rafaela A. Agathokleous; Soteris A. Kalogirou. Status, barriers and perspectives of building integrated photovoltaic systems. Energy 2019, 191, 116471 .

AMA Style

Rafaela A. Agathokleous, Soteris A. Kalogirou. Status, barriers and perspectives of building integrated photovoltaic systems. Energy. 2019; 191 ():116471.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rafaela A. Agathokleous; Soteris A. Kalogirou. 2019. "Status, barriers and perspectives of building integrated photovoltaic systems." Energy 191, no. : 116471.

Editorial
Published: 19 August 2019 in Renewable Energy
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This article present a review of the status of research within the exploitation of renewable energy sources with a focus on the status of technologies exploiting renewable energy sources, a status of the assessment of the availability of renewable energy sources and the status on the research into the types of systems, that can integrate renewable energy sources. In terms of technologies and resources, wind and wave power resources, wind technology, geothermal energy, solar heating, cooling and electricity and salinity gradient technologies are reviewed. Lastly, system integration, impacts and environmental performance of energy systems are assessed. The review takes a starting point in work presented at the conference series on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environmental Systems (SDEWES), published in Special Issues in various journals and puts this work into a wider context.

ACS Style

Poul Alberg Østergaard; Neven Duic; Younes Noorollahi; Hrvoje Mikulcic; Soteris Kalogirou. Sustainable development using renewable energy technology. Renewable Energy 2019, 146, 2430 -2437.

AMA Style

Poul Alberg Østergaard, Neven Duic, Younes Noorollahi, Hrvoje Mikulcic, Soteris Kalogirou. Sustainable development using renewable energy technology. Renewable Energy. 2019; 146 ():2430-2437.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Poul Alberg Østergaard; Neven Duic; Younes Noorollahi; Hrvoje Mikulcic; Soteris Kalogirou. 2019. "Sustainable development using renewable energy technology." Renewable Energy 146, no. : 2430-2437.

Journal article
Published: 17 June 2019 in Applied Sciences
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This paper aims to simplify the interdisciplinary design process that will be used as a design tool for the viable integration of active solar energy systems into buildings, i.e., Building-Integrated Solar Thermal Systems—BISTSs; Building-Integrated Photovoltaic Systems—BIPVSs, through the creation of a roadmap. The research also aims supplement the work of researchers who have dealt with the creation of design tools that aim to optimise a specific aspect of a building design, or their geometric forms, in order to shape energy-efficient and sustainable architectural solutions. More specifically, a prescriptive design strategy is derived from the proposed design tool. This is based on five design steps, each of which is analysed and which lead to the creation of a comprehensive design tool for siting buildings so as to optimise the integration of solar systems. The originality of this tool is based on the fact that it makes an important step in the standardisation of these studies.

ACS Style

Constantinos Vassiliades; Soteris Kalogirou; Aimilios Michael; Andreas Savvides. A Roadmap for the Integration of Active Solar Systems into Buildings. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 2462 .

AMA Style

Constantinos Vassiliades, Soteris Kalogirou, Aimilios Michael, Andreas Savvides. A Roadmap for the Integration of Active Solar Systems into Buildings. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (12):2462.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Constantinos Vassiliades; Soteris Kalogirou; Aimilios Michael; Andreas Savvides. 2019. "A Roadmap for the Integration of Active Solar Systems into Buildings." Applied Sciences 9, no. 12: 2462.

Journal article
Published: 07 May 2019 in Energy
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In this paper, a three-dimensional multiphase model of the polymer exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell is simulated to study the effect of assembly pressure on the contact resistance between the gas diffusion layer (GDL) and bipolar plate (BP) interface. The results reveal that the increase of assembly pressure is associated with a decrease in the contact resistance between the GDL and BP interface, which results in reaching an ideal fuel cell performance. The performance improves until the assembly pressure of 4.5 MPa and it slightly drops with a clamping pressure of 5.5 MPa in the ohmic loss region of the polarization curve. Additionally, the variation of the electrical field in a cross-section of the channel length shows that the intrusion of GDL into the flow channel increases with increasing assembly pressure; consequently, the maximum electrical current will increase. The cell temperature rises at higher assembly pressure when considering the thermal contact resistance. This increase is higher on the cathode side because of the existence of the reaction heat source. Additionally, it is found that the distribution of electrical potential and oxygen concentration is more uniform at higher clamping pressure. This results in the development of the PEM fuel cell life cycle.

ACS Style

Ali Atyabi; Ebrahim Afshari; Somchai Wongwises; Wen-Mon Yan; Abdellah Hadjadj; Mostafa Safdari Shadloo. Effects of assembly pressure on PEM fuel cell performance by taking into accounts electrical and thermal contact resistances. Energy 2019, 179, 490 -501.

AMA Style

Ali Atyabi, Ebrahim Afshari, Somchai Wongwises, Wen-Mon Yan, Abdellah Hadjadj, Mostafa Safdari Shadloo. Effects of assembly pressure on PEM fuel cell performance by taking into accounts electrical and thermal contact resistances. Energy. 2019; 179 ():490-501.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ali Atyabi; Ebrahim Afshari; Somchai Wongwises; Wen-Mon Yan; Abdellah Hadjadj; Mostafa Safdari Shadloo. 2019. "Effects of assembly pressure on PEM fuel cell performance by taking into accounts electrical and thermal contact resistances." Energy 179, no. : 490-501.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2019 in Solar Energy
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Over the last decades, the science of solar cells has been substantially soared; however, the existence philosophy needs to follow almost the same mechanism due to the known limitations. Building upon this fact, until now, several generations of solar collectors have been introduced to the field of renewable energies. This current study reports an analytical investigation of the new compact design of evacuated heat pipe solar water heater integrated with latent heat storage tank. This device has a set of evacuated heat pipe solar collector (ETHPSC) arrays directly connected to a tank, which is filled by paraffin wax as the phase change materials (PCM). This work is carried out in two steps. Firstly, the system is modeled theoretically by applying the mathematical equations by using MATLAB in order to study the thermal performance of the thermal battery. Afterwards, a parametric and comparative investigation is conducted to study the performance of the system with different PCMs, different climate condition and different flowrates. This study is also carried out to compare the model with the conventional system. In the baseline system, and for the best chosen PCM, the system efficiency is between 32 and 42% in low solar radiation days, while it is in the range of around 40 ± 3% in the high radiation intensity days, whereas these magnitudes are ∼57% and higher than 50% in the new design, respectively. The efficiency of the new design, for all three types of PCMs, in a typical sunny day is in the range of the 36–54%, while, interestingly and positively, this efficiency increases to the range of 47–58% in a typical cloudy/rainy day. On the other hand, this trend happens reversely for the conventional system. Overall, the average efficiencies of the proposed system are increased from approximately 10% to 58% for three different PCMs in compared to the baseline.

ACS Style

Shahab Bazri; Irfan Anjum Badruddin; Mohammad Sajad Naghavi; Ong Kok Seng; Somchai Wongwises. An analytical and comparative study of the charging and discharging processes in a latent heat thermal storage tank for solar water heater system. Solar Energy 2019, 185, 424 -438.

AMA Style

Shahab Bazri, Irfan Anjum Badruddin, Mohammad Sajad Naghavi, Ong Kok Seng, Somchai Wongwises. An analytical and comparative study of the charging and discharging processes in a latent heat thermal storage tank for solar water heater system. Solar Energy. 2019; 185 ():424-438.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shahab Bazri; Irfan Anjum Badruddin; Mohammad Sajad Naghavi; Ong Kok Seng; Somchai Wongwises. 2019. "An analytical and comparative study of the charging and discharging processes in a latent heat thermal storage tank for solar water heater system." Solar Energy 185, no. : 424-438.

Review
Published: 08 March 2019 in Renewable Energy
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One of the primary factors affecting the amount of worldwide energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions is cooking. Solar cooking is an appropriate solution because it is both inexpensive and expandable. To illustrate modern advancements and the current status of solar cooking technology, this paper presents a review of recent experimental and analytical socioeconomic studies on solar cookers. The experimental studies have been divided into three categories based on different solar cooker structures: (i) box types, (ii) concentrating types, and (iii) panel types. Next, different designs are investigated according to their direct or indirect heat transfer modes and optional equipment for latent heat and sensible heat type thermal storage units. Moreover, reviews of studies concerning social and economic points of view and analyses of solar cooking technology are included. Different designs and configurations of solar cookers are compared for their performance, including economic aspects. Finally, some applicable solutions for current drawbacks are presented as a pathway for further investigation in solar cooking technology.

ACS Style

Mohamad Aramesh; Mehdi Ghalebani; Alibakhsh Kasaeian; Hosein Zamani; Giulio Lorenzini; Omid Mahian; Somchai Wongwises. A review of recent advances in solar cooking technology. Renewable Energy 2019, 140, 419 -435.

AMA Style

Mohamad Aramesh, Mehdi Ghalebani, Alibakhsh Kasaeian, Hosein Zamani, Giulio Lorenzini, Omid Mahian, Somchai Wongwises. A review of recent advances in solar cooking technology. Renewable Energy. 2019; 140 ():419-435.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohamad Aramesh; Mehdi Ghalebani; Alibakhsh Kasaeian; Hosein Zamani; Giulio Lorenzini; Omid Mahian; Somchai Wongwises. 2019. "A review of recent advances in solar cooking technology." Renewable Energy 140, no. : 419-435.