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Pollution indices are used to assess the influence of the bedrock as a natural source of heavy-metal (HM), and anthropogenic pollution from ore mining in soils developed from ore-bearing carbonates. The research was conducted in two areas differing in geological setting and type of land use in the Upper Silesia Industrial Region, Southern Poland. Physical properties such as pH, total sulfur, total carbon and total organic carbon values, as well as total Zn, Pb, and Cd contents (ICP-OES) for 39 topsoil samples were measured. Contamination factor (Cf), degree of contamination (Cdeg), pollution load index (PLI) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo), were used to determine the deterioration of topsoil due to HM pollution. The HM content exceeded geochemical background levels by 2.5–42.4 times. Very high to moderate topsoil contamination was determined. In a shallow historical mining zone, the relative influence of particular HM was found to be in the order of Pb > Cd > Zn and, in a deep mining zone, Zn > Cd > Pb. In the topsoil developed over shallow ore bodies, the HM content was mainly (60%) due to naturally occurring HM. In the area of deeply buried ore bodies, 90% of the HM load was related to anthropogenic sources. Zn, Pb and Cd vertical distributions and the patterns of topsoil pollution differ in terms of types of mined ores, mining methods and times elapsed since mining ceased. Pollution indices are an efficient tool for distinguishing soil anthropogenic pollution and geogenic contamination.
Katarzyna Sutkowska; Leslaw Teper; Tomasz Czech; Tomasz Hulok; Michał Olszak; Jan Zogala. Quality of Peri-Urban Soil Developed from Ore-Bearing Carbonates: Heavy Metal Levels and Source Apportionment Assessed Using Pollution Indices. Minerals 2020, 10, 1140 .
AMA StyleKatarzyna Sutkowska, Leslaw Teper, Tomasz Czech, Tomasz Hulok, Michał Olszak, Jan Zogala. Quality of Peri-Urban Soil Developed from Ore-Bearing Carbonates: Heavy Metal Levels and Source Apportionment Assessed Using Pollution Indices. Minerals. 2020; 10 (12):1140.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatarzyna Sutkowska; Leslaw Teper; Tomasz Czech; Tomasz Hulok; Michał Olszak; Jan Zogala. 2020. "Quality of Peri-Urban Soil Developed from Ore-Bearing Carbonates: Heavy Metal Levels and Source Apportionment Assessed Using Pollution Indices." Minerals 10, no. 12: 1140.
This study of soil conditions was carried out on 30 meadow soil (podzol) samples from the vicinity of the soda ash heap in Jaworzno, supplemented by analyses of 18 samples of waste deposited on the heap. In all samples, the total content of macroelements (Ca and Na) and heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn) as well as pH were analysed. The element concentrations were measured using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The materials examined were neutral to ultra-alkaline. Total accumulations (mg kg(-1)) of chemical elements in the soil vary from 130.24 to 14076.67 for Ca, 41.40-926.23 for Na, 0.03-3.34 for Cd, 0.94-103.62 for Cr, 0.94-35.89 for Ni, 3.51-76.47 for Pb and 12.05-279.13 for Zn, whereas quantities of the same elements in the waste samples vary from 171705.13 to 360487.94 for Ca, 517.64-3152.82 for Na, 0.2-9.89 for Cd, 1.16-20.40 for Cr, 1.08-9.79 for Ni, 0.1-146.05 for Pb and 10.26-552.35 for Zn. The vertical distribution of the metals was determined in each soil profile. Despite enrichment of heavy metals in the uppermost horizon on the top of the heap, the results lead to the conclusion that the relation of historical production of soda ash in Jaworzno to current contamination of the local soil environment is insignificant.
Katarzyna Sutkowska; Leslaw Teper; Monika Stania. Tracing potential soil contamination in the historical Solvay soda ash plant area, Jaworzno, Southern Poland. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2015, 187, 704 .
AMA StyleKatarzyna Sutkowska, Leslaw Teper, Monika Stania. Tracing potential soil contamination in the historical Solvay soda ash plant area, Jaworzno, Southern Poland. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2015; 187 (11):704.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatarzyna Sutkowska; Leslaw Teper; Monika Stania. 2015. "Tracing potential soil contamination in the historical Solvay soda ash plant area, Jaworzno, Southern Poland." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 187, no. 11: 704.