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I.A. Sharaky
Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Taif University, Taif 21099, Saudi Arabia

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Short Biography

Name: Ibrahim Attia Abdelgayed Sharaky Mailing Address: Egypt Materials Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt Saudi Arabia Civil Engineering Dept., Taif University, Girona, KSA E-mail address- [email protected] [email protected] Academic Qualifications: 2013 International PhD, University of Girona, Girona, Spain. Thesis Title "A study of the bond and flexural behavior of reinforced concrete elements strengthened with near surface mounted (NSM) FRP reinforcement". "Excellent with Honor" 2009 M.Sc. Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University. Thesis Title: " Finite Element Analysis of Strengthened Steel Beams By Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Plates ". 2004 B.Sc. Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, "Very Good with Honor “. B.Sc. Project Title: " Structures aided by computer "

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Journal article
Published: 29 July 2021 in Sustainability
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This paper discusses in detail the current level of awareness of the Saudi Arabia stakeholders regarding the use and application of green building rating systems. The paper used a mix of qualitative and quantitative research methods through an exploratory method that utilized an online survey targeting experts and construction stakeholders to fill the gap of previous research papers and support the argument of the increase in the level of the awareness of stakeholders in the use and application of green building rating systems in Saudi Arabia. This research aims to focus on the level of awareness of the Saudi construction market stakeholders on green building rating systems in Saudi Arabia with focus on the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design system LEED and Mostadam. It also investigated which rating system responds to the need of the Saudi construction market with regard to energy conservation and water consumption more effectively. The methodology utilized in this research used a combination of primary and secondary data where the primary data were a survey sent to Saudi construction stakeholders where a total of 1320 respondents participated in the survey. Results from this research showed a promising number of agreements between the participating stakeholders to the level of awareness of green building rating systems in Saudi Arabia and to the willingness to use internationally recognized rating systems such as LEED and the use of locally recognized systems such as Mostadam. Furthermore, the research aims to link the results with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with a focus on SDGs 6 and 7. The results show a high level of appreciation and agreement to the importance of energy and water conservation in green buildings that will be using either LEED or Mostadam in Saudi Arabia and accomplish the targets outlined under the SDGs.

ACS Style

Mohammed Al-Surf; Ashraf Balabel; Mamdooh Alwetaishi; Ahmed Abdelhafiz; Usama Issa; Ibrahim Sharaky; Amal Shamseldin; Mosleh Al-Harthi. Stakeholder’s Perspective on Green Building Rating Systems in Saudi Arabia: The Case of LEED, Mostadam, and the SDGs. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8463 .

AMA Style

Mohammed Al-Surf, Ashraf Balabel, Mamdooh Alwetaishi, Ahmed Abdelhafiz, Usama Issa, Ibrahim Sharaky, Amal Shamseldin, Mosleh Al-Harthi. Stakeholder’s Perspective on Green Building Rating Systems in Saudi Arabia: The Case of LEED, Mostadam, and the SDGs. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (15):8463.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammed Al-Surf; Ashraf Balabel; Mamdooh Alwetaishi; Ahmed Abdelhafiz; Usama Issa; Ibrahim Sharaky; Amal Shamseldin; Mosleh Al-Harthi. 2021. "Stakeholder’s Perspective on Green Building Rating Systems in Saudi Arabia: The Case of LEED, Mostadam, and the SDGs." Sustainability 13, no. 15: 8463.

Journal article
Published: 28 July 2021 in Engineering Structures
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Reinforced concrete (RC) elements can be strengthened using several techniques. Among these techniques are the externally bonded (EB), near-surface-mounted (NSM), textile-reinforced mortar (TRM), and ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC). The NSM and EB methods are primarily based on the efficiency and thickness of the concrete cover, while the UHPC method demands excessive surface preparation. This study presents a new technique to strengthen RC beams using a limited steel-bar-reinforced mortar layer (SBRML). This method reduces the installation time and cost and combines the advantages of existing techniques. An experiment with eight concrete beams, one unstrengthened beam (CB), and seven strengthened beams is performed. The RC beams are tested until failure under a four-point bending load. The effect of the SBRML reinforcement area, internal reinforcement configuration, adhesive type, concrete cover condition (with or without), position (bottom or side), and application type (casting or bonding) on the failure mechanism and capacity of the RC beams are studied. The results show an increase in the bearing capacities of RC beams strengthened with epoxy-bonded SBRML and cast SBRML in the range of 152.5–213.9% and 122.7–158.1%, respectively, compared to those of CB. The values of yield and ultimate loads for RC beams strengthened with epoxy-bonded RML are analyzed. A numerical simulation is performed and verified against the experimental results. A parametric study was conducted to reveal the effect of fiber-reinforced polymer reinforced mortar layer FRP-RML on the behavior of the strengthened beams.

ACS Style

Y.M. Alharthi; M. Emara; A.S. Elamary; I.A. Sharaky. Flexural response and load capacity of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with reinforced mortar layer. Engineering Structures 2021, 245, 112884 .

AMA Style

Y.M. Alharthi, M. Emara, A.S. Elamary, I.A. Sharaky. Flexural response and load capacity of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with reinforced mortar layer. Engineering Structures. 2021; 245 ():112884.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Y.M. Alharthi; M. Emara; A.S. Elamary; I.A. Sharaky. 2021. "Flexural response and load capacity of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with reinforced mortar layer." Engineering Structures 245, no. : 112884.

Research article civil engineering
Published: 25 July 2021 in Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering
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In this study, the strength reduction of high-strength concrete (HSC) integrating silica fume (SF) and nano-silica (NS) exposed to elevated temperatures besides its mass loss is evaluated. Cubes and cylinders were cast and tested at 28 and 56 d to evaluate the concrete compressive and tensile strengths (fcu and ftu), respectively. The prepared cubes and cylinders were subjected to elevated temperatures (T = 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 °C), cooled in air, and tested in compression and tension, respectively. For the cement paste and aggregate, spot analysis was performed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Furthermore, SEM between aggregate and cement paste was performed. The obtained results indicated that for concrete mixes incorporating NS, compressive strength increased as temperature was raised to 400 °C and decreased as temperature increased from 400 to 800 °C. In addition, a remarkable reduction in the concrete tensile strength was observed up to T = 800 °C. At T = 1000 °C, all specimens were destroyed. Moreover, the lowest Ca/Si ratio was observed for the NS mixes according to the EDS spot analysis results. The mass loss of the concrete mixes integrating SF was higher than that of the mixes integrating both SF and NS except at 800 °C. Finally, a detailed review of the effect of macro and nanomaterials on the concrete properties was presented.

ACS Style

I. A. Sharaky; S. S. Ahmad; A. M. El-Azab; H. S. Khalil. Strength and Mass Loss Evaluation of HSC with Silica Fume and Nano-Silica Exposed to Elevated Temperatures. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 2021, 1 -23.

AMA Style

I. A. Sharaky, S. S. Ahmad, A. M. El-Azab, H. S. Khalil. Strength and Mass Loss Evaluation of HSC with Silica Fume and Nano-Silica Exposed to Elevated Temperatures. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering. 2021; ():1-23.

Chicago/Turabian Style

I. A. Sharaky; S. S. Ahmad; A. M. El-Azab; H. S. Khalil. 2021. "Strength and Mass Loss Evaluation of HSC with Silica Fume and Nano-Silica Exposed to Elevated Temperatures." Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering , no. : 1-23.

Journal article
Published: 04 June 2021 in Sustainability
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Improving building performance through reducing negative environmental impacts can be achieved by greening existing buildings (GEB), which is considered a very important sustainability process. Due to the risky and uncertain nature of the process of GEB, a growing amount of attention should be given to eliminating the effects of risks on GEB. This research aims to identify most expected risk factors related to GEB, as well as to evaluate their effects through calculating risk factor characteristics, such as risk factor presence (RFP), impact on the GEB process (IGEB), and impact on building performance in the long run (IBP), as new indices describe these risks. Sixty-six risk factors were categorized in seven risk groups related to the economic aspect, social aspect, environmental aspect, managerial aspect, sustainability operation, sustainable design, and renovation. Moreover, a fuzzy model for risk analysis was developed to combine the multi-effects of the aforementioned three risk factor characteristics in one index representing the risk factors’ overall importance. The model was applied and verified for data collected in Saudi Arabia. The results of this study showed that the most important risk group is the greening process of environmental control, while the least important is the greening process of renovation and construction. Using the proposed model improved the results of evaluating risks affecting GEB through merging the multi-effects of risk factor characteristics. The results and analysis proved that the most important key risk factors were environmental in nature. An intricate relationship of the impacts on the GEB process and building performance with the overall importance of the risk factors was clearly found. The decision makers who deal with greening projects in Saudi Arabia should be aware of the key risks identified in this study. The proposed methodology and model can be easily applied to other countries to help decision makers in evaluating their GEB projects, as well as comparing more greening projects based on risk analysis.

ACS Style

Usama Issa; Ibrahim Sharaky; Mamdooh Alwetaishi; Ashraf Balabel; Amal Shamseldin; Ahmed Abdelhafiz; Mohammed Al-Surf; Mosleh Al-Harthi; Medhat Osman. Developing and Applying a Model for Evaluating Risks Affecting Greening Existing Buildings. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6403 .

AMA Style

Usama Issa, Ibrahim Sharaky, Mamdooh Alwetaishi, Ashraf Balabel, Amal Shamseldin, Ahmed Abdelhafiz, Mohammed Al-Surf, Mosleh Al-Harthi, Medhat Osman. Developing and Applying a Model for Evaluating Risks Affecting Greening Existing Buildings. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):6403.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Usama Issa; Ibrahim Sharaky; Mamdooh Alwetaishi; Ashraf Balabel; Amal Shamseldin; Ahmed Abdelhafiz; Mohammed Al-Surf; Mosleh Al-Harthi; Medhat Osman. 2021. "Developing and Applying a Model for Evaluating Risks Affecting Greening Existing Buildings." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 6403.

Journal article
Published: 02 June 2021 in Sustainability
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In this study, the recycled concrete aggregates and powder (RCA and RCP) prepared from basaltic concrete waste were used to replace the natural aggregate (NA) and cement, respectively. The NA (coarse and fine) was replaced by the recycled aggregates with five percentages (0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%). Consequently, the cement was replaced by the RCP with four percentages (0%, 5%, 10% and 20%). Cubes with 100 mm edge length were prepared for all tests. The compressive and tensile strengths (fcu and ftu) and water absorption (WA) were investigated for all mixes at different ages. Partial substitution of NA with recycled aggregate reduced the compressive strength with different percentages depending on the type and source of recycled aggregate. After 28 days, the maximum reduction in fcu value was 9.8% and 9.4% for mixtures with coarse RCA and fine RCA (FRCA), respectively. After 56 days, the mixes with 40% FRCA reached almost the same fcu value as the control mix (M0, 99.5%). Consequently, the compressive strengths of the mixes with 10% RCA at 28 and 56 days were 99.3 and 95.2%, respectively, compared to those of M0. The mixes integrated FRCA and RCP showed higher tensile strengths than the M0 at 56 d with a very small reduction at 28 d (max = 3.4%). Moreover, the fcu and ftu values increased for the late test ages, while the WA decreased.

ACS Style

Ibrahim Sharaky; Usama Issa; Mamdooh Alwetaishi; Ahmed Abdelhafiz; Amal Shamseldin; Mohammed Al-Surf; Mosleh Al-Harthi; Ashraf Balabel. Strength and Water Absorption of Sustainable Concrete Produced with Recycled Basaltic Concrete Aggregates and Powder. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6277 .

AMA Style

Ibrahim Sharaky, Usama Issa, Mamdooh Alwetaishi, Ahmed Abdelhafiz, Amal Shamseldin, Mohammed Al-Surf, Mosleh Al-Harthi, Ashraf Balabel. Strength and Water Absorption of Sustainable Concrete Produced with Recycled Basaltic Concrete Aggregates and Powder. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):6277.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ibrahim Sharaky; Usama Issa; Mamdooh Alwetaishi; Ahmed Abdelhafiz; Amal Shamseldin; Mohammed Al-Surf; Mosleh Al-Harthi; Ashraf Balabel. 2021. "Strength and Water Absorption of Sustainable Concrete Produced with Recycled Basaltic Concrete Aggregates and Powder." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 6277.

Journal article
Published: 15 March 2021 in Materials
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Literature of Steel Beams with a thin-walled trapezoidal Corrugated Web (SBCWs) shows that the capacity of SBCWs is affected by both the fatigue cracks initiated along the inclined folds (IFs) and the maximal additional stress located in the middle of the IFs. An experimental investigation on the behaviour of hybrid SBCWs under flexure is presented in this paper. This study focuses on the effect of the welding IF between the web and flanges (IFs welded or non-welded), the horizontal-fold length (200, 260, and 350 mm), and transversal flange stiffeners on the failure mechanism of the SBCW under three line load. Accordingly, six hybrid specimens were fabricated, instrumented, and tested (five SBCW specimens and one specimen with a flat web). The test setup was designed to generate shear and a moment in the testing zone via three-point bending. The results indicated that non-welded IFs specimens with or without flange stiffeners failed owing to web tearing after web and flange local buckling. The failure mode of the specimen with continuous welding between the web and flanges was local flange buckling. Finally, the paper presents a comparison between the experimental results and the European Code to predict the capacity of the flange towards local buckling. It was concluded that the non-welding the IFs affected the inelastic behaviour and the capacity of the SBCWs. In addition, the bending resistance equations presented by EN 1993-1-5 can safely predict the test results of the non-welded inclined fold and yield a high safe variation.

ACS Style

Ahmed Elamary; Yasir Alharthi; Osama Abdalla; Muwaffaq Alqurashi; Ibrahim Sharaky. Failure Mechanism of Hybrid Steel Beams with Trapezoidal Corrugated-Web Non-Welded Inclined Folds. Materials 2021, 14, 1424 .

AMA Style

Ahmed Elamary, Yasir Alharthi, Osama Abdalla, Muwaffaq Alqurashi, Ibrahim Sharaky. Failure Mechanism of Hybrid Steel Beams with Trapezoidal Corrugated-Web Non-Welded Inclined Folds. Materials. 2021; 14 (6):1424.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed Elamary; Yasir Alharthi; Osama Abdalla; Muwaffaq Alqurashi; Ibrahim Sharaky. 2021. "Failure Mechanism of Hybrid Steel Beams with Trapezoidal Corrugated-Web Non-Welded Inclined Folds." Materials 14, no. 6: 1424.

Journal article
Published: 09 December 2020 in Sustainability
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Along with the global concern of the Environmental Assessment of Buildings, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) had recently used its system, Mostadam, to provide a suitable method to assess its buildings environmentally. Nevertheless, Mostadam still cannot be used for all Saudi Arabia regions without having misleading results, which is due to its various internal regions with their various characteristics. Taif city has its unique environmental characteristics, which affect all the environmental buildings’ assessment fields. This research aimed to adjust the Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) field of Mostadam according to Taif characteristics. The research analyzed Taif characteristics that have an impact on the IEQ field, which are mainly related to the occupants’ different comfort needs and health requirements. Then, according to an analytical methods, authors proposed some changes to adjust Mostadam IEQ field according to these characteristics. The research resulted in an obvious difference between the resulted IEQ items weights and formulation versus the origin one of Mostadam, which proves the need for such adjustment to achieve a fair and trusted assessment to achieve the utmost credible assessment results when assessing buildings environmentally in Taif. It is recommended to adjust other assessment fields similarly later on, and then globally.

ACS Style

Amal Shamseldin; Ashraf Balabel; Mamdooh Alwetaishi; Ahmed Abdelhafiz; Usama Issa; Ibrahim Sharaky; Mohamed Al-Surf; Mosleh Al-Harthi. Adjustment of the Indoor Environmental Quality Assessment Field for Taif City-Saudi Arabia. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10275 .

AMA Style

Amal Shamseldin, Ashraf Balabel, Mamdooh Alwetaishi, Ahmed Abdelhafiz, Usama Issa, Ibrahim Sharaky, Mohamed Al-Surf, Mosleh Al-Harthi. Adjustment of the Indoor Environmental Quality Assessment Field for Taif City-Saudi Arabia. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (24):10275.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amal Shamseldin; Ashraf Balabel; Mamdooh Alwetaishi; Ahmed Abdelhafiz; Usama Issa; Ibrahim Sharaky; Mohamed Al-Surf; Mosleh Al-Harthi. 2020. "Adjustment of the Indoor Environmental Quality Assessment Field for Taif City-Saudi Arabia." Sustainability 12, no. 24: 10275.

Journal article
Published: 19 November 2020 in Sustainability
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The study investigated the level of thermal comfort in historical buildings located at a relatively high altitude in the Arabian Desert of Saudi Arabia. The study focused on the impact of the use of thermal mass and orientation on the level of thermal performance at Shubra and Boqri Palaces. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were used in this study, including a questionnaire interview with architecture experts living at the relatively high altitude of Taif city, to obtain data and information from local experts. The computer software TAS EDSL was used along with on-site equipment, such as thermal imaging cameras and data loggers, to observe the physical conditions of the building in terms of its thermal performance. The study revealed that the experts’ age and years of experience were important aspects while collecting data from them during the survey. The use of thermal mass had a slight impact on the indoor air temperature as well as the energy consumption, but it helped in providing thermal comfort. Use of ventilation can improve thermal comfort level. Evaporative cooling technique has a considerable impact on reducing indoor air temperature with 4 °C drop, improving the thermal comfort sensation level. The novelty of this work is that, it links the outcomes of qualitative results of experts with field monitoring as well as computer modelling. This can contribute as method to accurately collect data in similar case studies.

ACS Style

Mamdooh Alwetaishi; Ashraf Balabel; Ahmed Abdelhafiz; Usama Issa; Ibrahim Sharaky; Amal Shamseldin; Mohammed Al-Surf; Mosleh Al-Harthi; Mohamed Gadi. User Thermal Comfort in Historic Buildings: Evaluation of the Potential of Thermal Mass, Orientation, Evaporative Cooling and Ventilation. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9672 .

AMA Style

Mamdooh Alwetaishi, Ashraf Balabel, Ahmed Abdelhafiz, Usama Issa, Ibrahim Sharaky, Amal Shamseldin, Mohammed Al-Surf, Mosleh Al-Harthi, Mohamed Gadi. User Thermal Comfort in Historic Buildings: Evaluation of the Potential of Thermal Mass, Orientation, Evaporative Cooling and Ventilation. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (22):9672.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mamdooh Alwetaishi; Ashraf Balabel; Ahmed Abdelhafiz; Usama Issa; Ibrahim Sharaky; Amal Shamseldin; Mohammed Al-Surf; Mosleh Al-Harthi; Mohamed Gadi. 2020. "User Thermal Comfort in Historic Buildings: Evaluation of the Potential of Thermal Mass, Orientation, Evaporative Cooling and Ventilation." Sustainability 12, no. 22: 9672.

Journal article
Published: 18 May 2020 in Composite Structures
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In this paper, experimental and numerical studies were implemented to evaluate the effect of Crumb Rubber (CR) ratio and Welded Wire Mesh (WWM) layers on the flexural behavior of RC beams. The volume of fine aggregate was partially replaced by CR particles with three percentages (0%, 10% and 20%). One layer and two layers of the WWM with U shape were additionally added to the shear reinforcement. The test results revealed that, the replacement of fine aggregate by 10% and 20% CR decreased the load capacity of the RC beams by 3.85% and 6.15% respectively compared to that without CR. Conversely, using the WWM as shear reinforcement increased the load capacity of beams and changed beams failure from shear to flexural (steel yielding followed by concrete crushing). The load capacity of RC beams cast without CR and strengthened in shear with one and two WWM layers increased by 6.2% and 9.2% respectively over that without WWM. Moreover, there was a significant increase in the ductility index of the all beams with CR. Finally, the obtained numerical results showed a good agreement with the experimental ones indicating the ability of the numerical model to simulate the behavior of rubberized concrete.

ACS Style

I.A. Sharaky; Heba A. Mohamed; L. Torres; Mohamed Emara. Flexural behavior of rubberized concrete beams strengthened in shear using welded wire mesh. Composite Structures 2020, 247, 112485 .

AMA Style

I.A. Sharaky, Heba A. Mohamed, L. Torres, Mohamed Emara. Flexural behavior of rubberized concrete beams strengthened in shear using welded wire mesh. Composite Structures. 2020; 247 ():112485.

Chicago/Turabian Style

I.A. Sharaky; Heba A. Mohamed; L. Torres; Mohamed Emara. 2020. "Flexural behavior of rubberized concrete beams strengthened in shear using welded wire mesh." Composite Structures 247, no. : 112485.

Journal article
Published: 02 December 2019 in Composite Structures
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In this paper, the effect of interaction between near surface mounted (NSM) strips and internal reinforcement on the structural behavior of upgrading RC beams has been studied. The position, arrangement and area of NSM glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) strips have been examined experimentally. Six strengthened beams in addition to one control beam were tested in flexural until failure. The load carrying capacity, deflections and the mode of failure of strengthened beams were recorded. The experimental results showed that the installed NSM GFRP side by side has a lower interfacial stress than those installed separated. This improvement is more obvious in the case of NSM strips installed near the internal reinforcement. Furthermore, the installed NSM strips in deep groove experienced higher load carrying capacity than those installed in shallow groove for both patterns. The installation of the NSM GFRP strips in deep grooves using epoxy may be delay or prevent the peeling/debonding failure. The ultimate load of the beam upgraded with one NSM strip adjacent to the stirrups (in deeper groove) is about 1.5 times that of one NSM strip installed near the bottom surface of the beam. This ratio decreased with increasing the area of NSM GFRP strips.

ACS Style

I.A. Sharaky; S.A.I. Selmy; M.M. El-Attar; H.E.M. Sallam. The influence of interaction between NSM and internal reinforcements on the structural behavior of upgrading RC beams. Composite Structures 2019, 234, 111751 .

AMA Style

I.A. Sharaky, S.A.I. Selmy, M.M. El-Attar, H.E.M. Sallam. The influence of interaction between NSM and internal reinforcements on the structural behavior of upgrading RC beams. Composite Structures. 2019; 234 ():111751.

Chicago/Turabian Style

I.A. Sharaky; S.A.I. Selmy; M.M. El-Attar; H.E.M. Sallam. 2019. "The influence of interaction between NSM and internal reinforcements on the structural behavior of upgrading RC beams." Composite Structures 234, no. : 111751.

Research article
Published: 16 May 2019 in SN Applied Sciences
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The present work was accomplished to investigate silica fume (SF) and nano silica (NS) effects on the compressive strength (fcu28) of concrete made by cement contents (CC) of 300, 400, 500 and 600 kg/m3. Two NS types having purity of 89% (Type I) and 99% (Type II) were partially replaced CC by the percentages of 1.5% and 3%. The influence of replacing cement by 5% and 10% SF was also studied. Nano silica was mixed by two techniques, mechanically and by ultrasonic device. The influence of SF, NS and CC on fcu28 and water absorption (WA) was found. The obtained results indicated that fcu28 increased and WA% reduced by replacing part of CC by either NS or SF. For both of NS types, the enhancement ratio in fcu28 was higher when replacing cement by 1.5% NS compared to replacement ratio of 3% and both ratios recorded greater values of compressive strength when compared to that without NS. At 1.5% NS ratio, fcu28 increased by about 14.81% for type I and by 41.33 for type II while at 3% NS, the enhancement ratios were 5.86% for type I and 35.46 for type II respectively. Mixing Type I NS by ultrasonic mixing method recorded higher values for fcu28 as compared to those recorded by the mechanical method.

ACS Style

I. A. Sharaky; F. A. Megahed; M. H. Seleem; A. M. Badawy. The influence of silica fume, nano silica and mixing method on the strength and durability of concrete. SN Applied Sciences 2019, 1, 575 .

AMA Style

I. A. Sharaky, F. A. Megahed, M. H. Seleem, A. M. Badawy. The influence of silica fume, nano silica and mixing method on the strength and durability of concrete. SN Applied Sciences. 2019; 1 (6):575.

Chicago/Turabian Style

I. A. Sharaky; F. A. Megahed; M. H. Seleem; A. M. Badawy. 2019. "The influence of silica fume, nano silica and mixing method on the strength and durability of concrete." SN Applied Sciences 1, no. 6: 575.

Journal article
Published: 25 July 2018 in Materials and Structures
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The near surface mounted system is considered an innovative strengthening technique used to increase the flexural and shear capacity of RC structures. Although, many researches have been carried out to study the flexural response of NSM joints, further research is still required to cover all the controlling parameters. In this research, the effects of the FRP cross sectional area, end anchoring, and partial bonding of the NSM bars were experimentally investigated. A numerical investigation utilizes the non-linear finite element (FE) modeling was also performed using ANSYS®. Progressive continuum damage mechanics along with the fracture concepts were employed to simulate the damage initiation and propagation at the epoxy-concrete interface. The developed FE models were calibrated and verified using the obtained experimental results. Based on the good agreement obtained between experimental and FE results, the numerical analysis was extended to conduct an extensive parametric investigation. The numerically investigated parameters included the NSM bar length, tensile steel corrosion, concrete compressive strength, Activating/prestressing the NSM reinforcement, and axial stiffness of the prestressed NSM joints.

ACS Style

I. S. Shabana; I. A. Sharaky; A. Khalil; H. S. Hadad; E. M. Arafa. Flexural response analysis of passive and active near-surface-mounted joints: experimental and finite element analysis. Materials and Structures 2018, 51, 107 .

AMA Style

I. S. Shabana, I. A. Sharaky, A. Khalil, H. S. Hadad, E. M. Arafa. Flexural response analysis of passive and active near-surface-mounted joints: experimental and finite element analysis. Materials and Structures. 2018; 51 (4):107.

Chicago/Turabian Style

I. S. Shabana; I. A. Sharaky; A. Khalil; H. S. Hadad; E. M. Arafa. 2018. "Flexural response analysis of passive and active near-surface-mounted joints: experimental and finite element analysis." Materials and Structures 51, no. 4: 107.

Journal article
Published: 20 July 2018 in Engineering Structures
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An experimental and numerical study was performed to study the effectiveness of axial stiffness and of the type of confinement of near-surface mounted (NSM) fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement on the strengthened beam bearing capacities and failure modes. To improve the performance in front of concrete cover separation and enhance bond strength, the use of mechanical interlocking with shear connectors (concrete cover confinement) or transverse wrapping was also investigated. The experimental results showed that confinement significantly enhanced the load carrying capacity of the RC beams with small increase in their steel reinforcement yielding load. The ultimate load of the strengthened beams without concrete cover confinement ranged between 150% and 170% of the ultimate load of the control beam. By applying mechanical interlocking with shear connectors or transverse wrapping, the load carrying capacity was increased by up to 23.3% for strengthened beams and by 33% for the ultimate load of conventional strengthened beams. The results indicated that the yield load ratio of the strengthened beams (with respect to the control beams) was proportional to the axial stiffness ratio of NSM FRP reinforcement. It was found that the failure of the strengthened beams became concrete cover separation when the axial stiffness ratio reached a critical value, and subsequently the ultimate load of strengthened beams was not affected by increasing axial stiffness ratio beyond this value. This critical value of stiffness ratio was experimentally found to be at about 1.25. The numerical results also showed excellent agreement with the experimental ones in terms of load–deflection behaviour and maximum load capacity.

ACS Style

I.A. Sharaky; M. Baena; Cristina Barris; Hossam El-Din Sallam; Lluis Torres. Effect of axial stiffness of NSM FRP reinforcement and concrete cover confinement on flexural behaviour of strengthened RC beams: Experimental and numerical study. Engineering Structures 2018, 173, 987 -1001.

AMA Style

I.A. Sharaky, M. Baena, Cristina Barris, Hossam El-Din Sallam, Lluis Torres. Effect of axial stiffness of NSM FRP reinforcement and concrete cover confinement on flexural behaviour of strengthened RC beams: Experimental and numerical study. Engineering Structures. 2018; 173 ():987-1001.

Chicago/Turabian Style

I.A. Sharaky; M. Baena; Cristina Barris; Hossam El-Din Sallam; Lluis Torres. 2018. "Effect of axial stiffness of NSM FRP reinforcement and concrete cover confinement on flexural behaviour of strengthened RC beams: Experimental and numerical study." Engineering Structures 173, no. : 987-1001.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2017 in Construction and Building Materials
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ACS Style

I.A. Sharaky; R.M. Reda; M. Ghanem; M.H. Seleem; Hossam El-Din Sallam. Experimental and numerical study of RC beams strengthened with bottom and side NSM GFRP bars having different end conditions. Construction and Building Materials 2017, 149, 882 -903.

AMA Style

I.A. Sharaky, R.M. Reda, M. Ghanem, M.H. Seleem, Hossam El-Din Sallam. Experimental and numerical study of RC beams strengthened with bottom and side NSM GFRP bars having different end conditions. Construction and Building Materials. 2017; 149 ():882-903.

Chicago/Turabian Style

I.A. Sharaky; R.M. Reda; M. Ghanem; M.H. Seleem; Hossam El-Din Sallam. 2017. "Experimental and numerical study of RC beams strengthened with bottom and side NSM GFRP bars having different end conditions." Construction and Building Materials 149, no. : 882-903.

Journal article
Published: 08 June 2016 in Journal of Civil Engineering and Management
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The near-surface mounted (NSM) fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) technique is a relatively recent system for strengthening concrete structures. Bond is a key factor in its behaviour, and is affected by many factors whose influence can only be tested through experimental studies. In this study, the modified pull-out test was used to study the effect of epoxy properties and bond length on the behaviour of NSM FRP bars. Three epoxy types, two FRP materials (carbon and glass) and four bond lengths (6db, 12db, 24db and 30db) are used. The load capacity, slips at the loaded end and free end and average bond stress are all analysed. The test results indicate that the role of epoxy properties appear to be a key factor in bond performance in the NSM FRP strengthening technique, and that their effect varies depending on bond length and FRP properties.

ACS Style

Lluís Torres; Ibrahim Attia Sharaky; Cristina Barris; Marta Baena. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF ADHESIVE PROPERTIES AND BOND LENGTH ON THE BOND BEHAVIOUR OF NSM FRP BARS IN CONCRETE. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 2016, 22, 808 -817.

AMA Style

Lluís Torres, Ibrahim Attia Sharaky, Cristina Barris, Marta Baena. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF ADHESIVE PROPERTIES AND BOND LENGTH ON THE BOND BEHAVIOUR OF NSM FRP BARS IN CONCRETE. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management. 2016; 22 (6):808-817.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lluís Torres; Ibrahim Attia Sharaky; Cristina Barris; Marta Baena. 2016. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF ADHESIVE PROPERTIES AND BOND LENGTH ON THE BOND BEHAVIOUR OF NSM FRP BARS IN CONCRETE." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 22, no. 6: 808-817.

Journal article
Published: 23 March 2016 in Composite Structures
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Near surface mounted (NSM) fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bars became more effective in strengthening reinforced concrete (RC) beams. This is because it increases the bond capacity and makes a protection against external damage. Most of previous related researches stated that the failure of the tested RC strengthened beams with NSM FRP is due to debonding or concrete cover separation. In this research the ends of the NSM glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars were bent to delay or prevent NSM FRP debonding and concrete cover separation and thus increasing the load carrying capacity of the strengthened beams. The inclination angles of GFRP bars with bent ends were 90° and 45°. Straight GFRP bars with variable lengths were also used for comparison. The test results demonstrated that the GFRP bars with bent ends prevented the concrete cover separation and increased the load carrying capacity of the strengthened beams. The load carrying capacity of the strengthened beams by straight NSM bars and those having 45° and 90° inclined ends were 177%, 201%, and 185% of that of their control beam, respectively.

ACS Style

R.M. Reda; I.A. Sharaky; M. Ghanem; M.H. Seleem; H.E.M. Sallam. Flexural behavior of RC beams strengthened by NSM GFRP Bars having different end conditions. Composite Structures 2016, 147, 131 -142.

AMA Style

R.M. Reda, I.A. Sharaky, M. Ghanem, M.H. Seleem, H.E.M. Sallam. Flexural behavior of RC beams strengthened by NSM GFRP Bars having different end conditions. Composite Structures. 2016; 147 ():131-142.

Chicago/Turabian Style

R.M. Reda; I.A. Sharaky; M. Ghanem; M.H. Seleem; H.E.M. Sallam. 2016. "Flexural behavior of RC beams strengthened by NSM GFRP Bars having different end conditions." Composite Structures 147, no. : 131-142.

Journal article
Published: 29 November 2014 in Composite Structures
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Thirteen reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with partially and fully bonded near surface mounted (NSM) reinforcement and one unstrengthened beam (CB) were prepared and tested in order to study the effect of bond length, construction details and fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) characteristics on flexural performance. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) bars and strips and glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars were used as the NSM reinforcement. Two bonded lengths (384 mm and 480 mm in each shear span) were studied for beams strengthened with partially bonded NSM reinforcement, while the bond length was 2000 mm in beams strengthened with fully bonded NSM reinforcement. The effect of transverse wrapping and end anchorage on the behavior and load capacity of strengthened beams was also studied. The results showed that the RC beam strengthened with fully bonded NSM FRP had greater stiffness and bearing capacity than the beams with partially bonded NSM FRP. The use of NSM FRP with end anchorage or with transverse wrapping for the strengthening of RC beams increased their load carrying capacity and stiffness. The analytical model predicted well the response of the tested beams.

ACS Style

I.A. Sharaky; L. Torres; Hossam El-Din Sallam. Experimental and analytical investigation into the flexural performance of RC beams with partially and fully bonded NSM FRP bars/strips. Composite Structures 2014, 122, 113 -126.

AMA Style

I.A. Sharaky, L. Torres, Hossam El-Din Sallam. Experimental and analytical investigation into the flexural performance of RC beams with partially and fully bonded NSM FRP bars/strips. Composite Structures. 2014; 122 ():113-126.

Chicago/Turabian Style

I.A. Sharaky; L. Torres; Hossam El-Din Sallam. 2014. "Experimental and analytical investigation into the flexural performance of RC beams with partially and fully bonded NSM FRP bars/strips." Composite Structures 122, no. : 113-126.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2014 in Composite Structures
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The behaviour of RC beams strengthened with NSM FRP bars was experimentally investigated. Eight beams were tested under four point bending. The effects of material type, epoxy properties, bar size and the number of NSM bars were studied. The tested beams were strengthened with a limited bond length in order to imitate as much as possible work-place conditions, as the grooves could only be cut up to the faces of the supporting columns with difficulty. The load capacity, deflection, mode of failure, FRP strain, concrete strain, free end slip and the transverse strain in epoxy and concrete of the tested beams were all analysed. Comparison of strengthened and control beams showed enhancement of 155.8% and 129.8% in the yielding loads, while the increase in the ultimate loads was 166.3% and 159.4% for beams strengthened with carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) and glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) respectively. The beams strengthened with CFRP bars experienced higher stiffness than the corresponding beams with GFRP bars. Epoxy properties, size and number of bars had little effect on the load capacity of the strengthened beams with failures mainly occurring either in epoxy or as a result of concrete cover separationThe authors acknowledge the support provided by the Spanish Government (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion), Project ref. BIA2010-20234-C03-02. The first author also acknowledges the support from the Generalitat de Catalunya for an FI pre-doctoral Grant, ref. 2011FI_B 0000

ACS Style

I.A. Sharaky; L. Torres; J. Comas; C. Barris. Flexural response of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with near surface mounted (NSM) fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) bars. Composite Structures 2014, 109, 8 -22.

AMA Style

I.A. Sharaky, L. Torres, J. Comas, C. Barris. Flexural response of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with near surface mounted (NSM) fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) bars. Composite Structures. 2014; 109 ():8-22.

Chicago/Turabian Style

I.A. Sharaky; L. Torres; J. Comas; C. Barris. 2014. "Flexural response of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with near surface mounted (NSM) fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) bars." Composite Structures 109, no. : 8-22.

Research article
Published: 31 May 2013 in Composite Structures
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Near-surface mounted (NSM) fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement has proven to be an efficient technique for strengthening concrete members. The bond behavior of the NSM system depends on the bond in the two existing interfaces, while the response in terms of load–slip curves and load capacity may be strongly affected by many other parameters. As a consequence of the variety of factors affecting the bond, different studies into the behavior of NSM FRP reinforcement have been carried out in recent years. In this paper, an experimental study is performed in which the effect of adhesive properties, bar type, bar size, FRP properties, groove geometry and the use of mechanical interlocking on the capacity and bond behavior of a NSM joint is investigated. The failure load, average bond stress, loaded end slip, free end slip, transverse strains (on adhesive and concrete), and the mode of failure for the tested joints are reported and discussed. The results show that the adhesive properties, FRP bar size and bar surface treatment were critical factors in the capacity and mode of failure of the specimens tested.

ACS Style

I.A. Sharaky; L. Torres; M. Baena; Cristina Mias. An experimental study of different factors affecting the bond of NSM FRP bars in concrete. Composite Structures 2013, 99, 350 -365.

AMA Style

I.A. Sharaky, L. Torres, M. Baena, Cristina Mias. An experimental study of different factors affecting the bond of NSM FRP bars in concrete. Composite Structures. 2013; 99 ():350-365.

Chicago/Turabian Style

I.A. Sharaky; L. Torres; M. Baena; Cristina Mias. 2013. "An experimental study of different factors affecting the bond of NSM FRP bars in concrete." Composite Structures 99, no. : 350-365.

Research article
Published: 31 January 2013 in Construction and Building Materials
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The use of FRP bars and strips as near-surface mounted (NSM) reinforcement has become an emerging technique for the strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) members. The bond between NSM FRP reinforcements and concrete is a crucial factor affecting the efficiency of this technique. Many factors involving the interaction between FRP reinforcement, adhesive and concrete can affect the bond behaviour and failure load of the NSM strengthening system. In this paper, the modified pullout test (adapted to NSM reinforcement) is used to study the effect of groove surface (pre-formed and saw cut), groove geometry (dimensions and shapes), FRP bar type (material and surface treatment), bond length; and also of the incorporation, in the groove–concrete system, of different construction details that modify the NSM–concrete interaction (transverse interlocking with or without shear connectors, covering plate with shear connectors and confinement of surrounding concrete). The tested specimens had different bond behaviours and modes of failure: bar–epoxy interface failure, epoxy failure with concrete splitting, concrete–epoxy interface failure and tensile failure of the concrete specimen. The effects of the introduced variables on the response of the specimens are presented and discussed.

ACS Style

I.A. Sharaky; L. Torres; M. Baena; Irene Vilanova. Effect of different material and construction details on the bond behaviour of NSM FRP bars in concrete. Construction and Building Materials 2013, 38, 890 -902.

AMA Style

I.A. Sharaky, L. Torres, M. Baena, Irene Vilanova. Effect of different material and construction details on the bond behaviour of NSM FRP bars in concrete. Construction and Building Materials. 2013; 38 ():890-902.

Chicago/Turabian Style

I.A. Sharaky; L. Torres; M. Baena; Irene Vilanova. 2013. "Effect of different material and construction details on the bond behaviour of NSM FRP bars in concrete." Construction and Building Materials 38, no. : 890-902.