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Los abanicos aluviales se ven afectados episódicamente por la dinámica distributiva generada por procesos de flujo bifásico extremos. El sedimento inorgánico no es el único componente de la fracción sólida de los flujos bifásicos; también hay que considerar la carga de madera de gran tamaño. Siguiendo un enfoque experimental, el objetivo fue evaluar, en un modelo físico, la aleatoriedad de la morfodinámica y de la exposición asociadas a un conjunto de condiciones de carga específicas. Se exploró, además, cómo cambian estos patrones si se agrega madera de gran tamaño a la mezcla bifásica en una proporción fija de la fracción sólida. Variando sistemáticamente las condiciones de carga, se ejecutaron dos conjuntos de experimentos, uno con y otro sin una proporción fija de la fracción sólida constituida por madera de gran tamaño. Los resultados obtenidos confirman que los patrones de exposición asociados a una misma carga de sedimentos exhiben una notable aleatoriedad, que la potencia de la corriente aplicada ejerce un efecto decisivo en esos patrones y que la porción fija de madera de gran tamaño interfiere fuertemente con la dinámica distributiva de flujos bifásicos en abanicos aluviales.
N. Santibañez; B. Mazzorana; P. Iribarren; L. Mao; I. Rojas. Dinámica distributiva de flujos bifásicos con carga de madera en un abanico aluvial experimental. Ingeniería del agua 2021, 25, 145 -168.
AMA StyleN. Santibañez, B. Mazzorana, P. Iribarren, L. Mao, I. Rojas. Dinámica distributiva de flujos bifásicos con carga de madera en un abanico aluvial experimental. Ingeniería del agua. 2021; 25 (2):145-168.
Chicago/Turabian StyleN. Santibañez; B. Mazzorana; P. Iribarren; L. Mao; I. Rojas. 2021. "Dinámica distributiva de flujos bifásicos con carga de madera en un abanico aluvial experimental." Ingeniería del agua 25, no. 2: 145-168.
This paper proposes a systematic procedure to identify river reaches from a geomorphic point of view. Their identification traditionally relies on a subjective synthesis of multi-dimensional information (e.g., changes of slope, changes of width of valley bottom). We point out that some of the attributes adopted to describe geomorphic characters of a river (in particular sinuosity and confinement) depend on the length of reaches, while these latter are not yet identified; this is a source of ambiguity and introduces, at least conceptually, an unpleasant, implicit, iterative procedure. We introduce a new method which avoids this difficulty. Furthermore, it is simple, objective, and explicitly defined, and as such, it is automatable. The method requires to define and determine a set of intensive attributes, i.e., attributes that are independent of the segment length. The reaches are then identified by the intersection of the segmentations induced by such attributes. We applied the proposed procedure in two case studies, the Magdalena River (Colombia) and the Baker River (Chile), and investigated whether the adoption of the traditional approach for the definition of reaches would lead to a different result. We conclude that there would be no detectable differences. As such, the method can be considered an improvement in geomorphic river characterization.
Andrea Nardini; Santiago Yépez; Bruno Mazzorana; Héctor Ulloa; María Bejarano; Alain Laraque. A Systematic, Automated Approach for River Segmentation Tested on the Magdalena River (Colombia) and the Baker River (Chile). Water 2020, 12, 2827 .
AMA StyleAndrea Nardini, Santiago Yépez, Bruno Mazzorana, Héctor Ulloa, María Bejarano, Alain Laraque. A Systematic, Automated Approach for River Segmentation Tested on the Magdalena River (Colombia) and the Baker River (Chile). Water. 2020; 12 (10):2827.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Nardini; Santiago Yépez; Bruno Mazzorana; Héctor Ulloa; María Bejarano; Alain Laraque. 2020. "A Systematic, Automated Approach for River Segmentation Tested on the Magdalena River (Colombia) and the Baker River (Chile)." Water 12, no. 10: 2827.
Explosive volcanic eruptions generate a range of physical processes with great hazard potential. Subsequent fluvial processes have major effects on channel and valley-floor geometry, potentially resulting in extreme sediment and large wood (LW) yields. The associated impacts can be severe, both immediately and in the longer term as river channels are permanently reworking the large volumes of their own sediment. The city of Chaitén (Lake District, Chile) is a unique case, since sediment- and wood-laden flows in the Blanco River may still pose, even 11 years after the paroxysmal eruption of the Chaitén volcano, large urban sectors at risk. Thoroughly assessing the flood hazard and the generated impact for such urban settings is, hence, of utmost importance. To achieve this goal, we designed a workflow integrating the following tasks: (i) hydrologic modelling at catchment scale employing the HEC-HMS model to obtain flood hydrographs for a 30 and 100 years flood, respectively, (ii) estimation of the sediment fluxes to establish reliable boundary conditions for (iii) the subsequent extensive 2D flood modelling with the model Iber in the unconfined floodplain and delta of the Blanco River including also the effects of possible clogging of the “Austral Road” bridge with transported LW, (iv) quantification of a series of building performance indicators for a set of 13 residential buildings as a basis for subsequent vulnerability and risk assessment. We found that, even without a new volcanic eruption as a potent hazard trigger, vast urban sectors are still exposed to flooding, in particular if LW gets entrapped at the “Austral Road” bridge and channel outbursts occur as a consequence of the reduced conveyance and backwater rise. Our results indicate a great spatial variability of flood impacts, being worst in the urban areas either located closely to the channel outburst locations or where overland flow locally channelizes on concave floodplain topographies. Based on our findings we outline provisional recommendations for risk mitigation and informed land use planning.
Sebastián Basso-Báez; Bruno Mazzorana; Hector Ulloa; Diego Bahamondes; Virginia Ruiz-Villanueva; Daniel Sanhueza; Andrés Iroumé; Lorenzo Picco. Unravelling the impacts to the built environment caused by floods in a river heavily perturbed by volcanic eruptions. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 2020, 102, 102655 .
AMA StyleSebastián Basso-Báez, Bruno Mazzorana, Hector Ulloa, Diego Bahamondes, Virginia Ruiz-Villanueva, Daniel Sanhueza, Andrés Iroumé, Lorenzo Picco. Unravelling the impacts to the built environment caused by floods in a river heavily perturbed by volcanic eruptions. Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 2020; 102 ():102655.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSebastián Basso-Báez; Bruno Mazzorana; Hector Ulloa; Diego Bahamondes; Virginia Ruiz-Villanueva; Daniel Sanhueza; Andrés Iroumé; Lorenzo Picco. 2020. "Unravelling the impacts to the built environment caused by floods in a river heavily perturbed by volcanic eruptions." Journal of South American Earth Sciences 102, no. : 102655.
Alluvial fans are among the most privileged settlement areas in many mountain regions. These landforms are particularly dynamic being episodically affected by distributary processes generated by extreme flood events. Addressing risk assessment entails determining hazard exposure and unravelling how it might be related to process loading and to process dynamics once the flow becomes unconfined on the surface of alluvial fans. By following a ‘similarity of process concept’, rather than by attempting to scale a real-world prototype, we performed a set of 72 experimental runs on an alluvial fan model. Thereby, we considered two model layouts, one without a guiding channel and featuring a convex shape and the other one with a guiding channel, a bridge, and inclined but planar overland flow areas as to mirror an anthropic environment. Process magnitude and intensity parameters were systematically varied, and the associated biphasic distributary processes video recorded. For each experiment, the exposure was detected by mapping the exposed area in a GIS, thereby discerning between areas exposed to biphasic flows and the associated depositional phenomena or to the liquid flow phase only. Our results reveal that total event volume, sediment availability and stream power in the feeding channel, as well as depositional effects, avulsion, and channelization on the alluvial fan concur to determine the overall exposure. Stream process loading alone, even when rigorously defined in terms of its characterizing parameters, is not sufficient to exhaustively determine exposure. Hence, further developing reliable biphasic simulation models for hazard assessment on settled alluvial fans is pivotal.
Bruno Mazzorana; Elisa Ghiandoni; Lorenzo Picco. How do stream processes affect hazard exposure on alluvial fans? Insights from an experimental study. Journal of Mountain Science 2020, 17, 753 -772.
AMA StyleBruno Mazzorana, Elisa Ghiandoni, Lorenzo Picco. How do stream processes affect hazard exposure on alluvial fans? Insights from an experimental study. Journal of Mountain Science. 2020; 17 (4):753-772.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBruno Mazzorana; Elisa Ghiandoni; Lorenzo Picco. 2020. "How do stream processes affect hazard exposure on alluvial fans? Insights from an experimental study." Journal of Mountain Science 17, no. 4: 753-772.
The compound hazard effects of multiple process cascades severely affect Chilean river systems and result in a large variety of disturbances on their ecosystems and alterations of their hydromorphologic regimes leading to extreme impacts on society, environment and infrastructure. The acute, neo-tectonically pre-determined susceptibility to seismic hazards, the widespread volcanic activity, the increasing glacier retreat and the continuous exposure to forest fires clearly disturb entire riverine systems and concur to trigger severe floods hazards. With the objective to refine the understanding of such cascading processes and to prospect feasible flood risk management strategies in such a rapidly changing environment we first classify the large river basins according to a set of disturbances (i.e. volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, glacier lake outburst floods, wild fires and mass movements). Then, we describe emblematic cases of process cascades which affected specific Chilean drainage basins and resulted in high losses as tangible examples of how the cascading processes may unfold in other river basins with similar characteristics. As an attempt to enrich the debate among management authorities and academia in Chile, and elsewhere, on how to sustainably manage river systems, we: a) highlight the pivotal need to determine the possible process cascades that may profoundly alter the system and b) we suggest to refine hazard and risk assessments accordingly, accounting for the current and future exposure. We advocate, finally, for the adoption of holistic approaches promoting anticipatory adaptation which may result in resilient system responses.
B. Mazzorana; L. Picco; R. Rainato; Andres Iroume; Virginia Ruiz-Villanueva; C. Rojas; G. Valdebenito; P. Iribarren-Anacona; D. Melnick. Cascading processes in a changing environment: Disturbances on fluvial ecosystems in Chile and implications for hazard and risk management. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 655, 1089 -1103.
AMA StyleB. Mazzorana, L. Picco, R. Rainato, Andres Iroume, Virginia Ruiz-Villanueva, C. Rojas, G. Valdebenito, P. Iribarren-Anacona, D. Melnick. Cascading processes in a changing environment: Disturbances on fluvial ecosystems in Chile and implications for hazard and risk management. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 655 ():1089-1103.
Chicago/Turabian StyleB. Mazzorana; L. Picco; R. Rainato; Andres Iroume; Virginia Ruiz-Villanueva; C. Rojas; G. Valdebenito; P. Iribarren-Anacona; D. Melnick. 2018. "Cascading processes in a changing environment: Disturbances on fluvial ecosystems in Chile and implications for hazard and risk management." Science of The Total Environment 655, no. : 1089-1103.
Characterizing river corridors from a hydro-morphological standpoint is a fundamental requisite for the analysis of their past evolution and for the plausible prediction of how rivers may adjust to changing climatic conditions and to increasing human impacts. The River Baker (Chilean Patagonia) is a highly dynamic fluvial system with relatively limited human intervention, which flows throughout a mountainous landscape following a narrow floodplain which widens towards the Pacific Ocean. Here, we characterize its current morphology as a basis for understanding its geomorphic dynamics, using satellite images as data source and following a hierarchical classification procedure. The Baker was divided into 9 segments and 34 reaches based on channel confinement and geometry. The geomorphic classification resulted in several confined (41%) and semiconfined (53%) reaches, whereas only 6% of them were classified as unconfined. Most of the confined reaches were single thread and the majority of the semiconfined ones were sinuous. Braided reaches were identified in all confinement categories and represent 30% of the reaches. We identified and characterized 246 islands and 393 fluvial bars and delimited 170 wetlands. Finally, we could statistically relate the island density to the braiding index, active channel width and sinuosity index, whereas the presence of bars is influenced by the active channel width, and degree of braiding and sinuosity. This characterization represents a starting point in the geomorphological analysis of the river and serves as a basis to plan future investigation efforts aiming at unravelling the morpho-dynamics of this unexplored large austral fluvial system.
H. Ulloa; B. Mazzorana; Ramon Batalla; C. Jullian; P. Iribarren-Anacona; G. Barrientos; B. Reid; C. Oyarzún; Marius Schaefer; A. Iroumé. Morphological characterization of a highly-dynamic fluvial landscape: The River Baker (Chilean Patagonia). Journal of South American Earth Sciences 2018, 86, 1 -14.
AMA StyleH. Ulloa, B. Mazzorana, Ramon Batalla, C. Jullian, P. Iribarren-Anacona, G. Barrientos, B. Reid, C. Oyarzún, Marius Schaefer, A. Iroumé. Morphological characterization of a highly-dynamic fluvial landscape: The River Baker (Chilean Patagonia). Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 2018; 86 ():1-14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleH. Ulloa; B. Mazzorana; Ramon Batalla; C. Jullian; P. Iribarren-Anacona; G. Barrientos; B. Reid; C. Oyarzún; Marius Schaefer; A. Iroumé. 2018. "Morphological characterization of a highly-dynamic fluvial landscape: The River Baker (Chilean Patagonia)." Journal of South American Earth Sciences 86, no. : 1-14.
Organic material (i.e., trees, branches, wood in general) is commonly neglected among the classical criteria to distinguish flow types, mostly due to the lack of direct observations of flows in which this load is significant. However, in forested basins, large amounts of wood can be transported. Here we define and characterize, for the first time, wood-laden flows and show that these flows may occur repeatedly in a river basin, carrying substantial amount of organic material, with probable impacts on the ecosystem and potential hazards. We propose a novel classification of flows from clear water to hypercongested wood debris flows, according to the composition of sediment, wood and water. Our results will contribute to a better understanding of flow phenomena in forested river basins, which may facilitate the design of better management strategies.
Virginia Ruiz-Villanueva; L. Bürkli; B. Mazzorana; L. Mao; D. Ravazzolo; P. Iribarren; E. Wohl; F. Nakamura; M. Stoffel. Defining and characterizing wood-laden flows in rivers using home videos. E3S Web of Conferences 2018, 40, 02014 .
AMA StyleVirginia Ruiz-Villanueva, L. Bürkli, B. Mazzorana, L. Mao, D. Ravazzolo, P. Iribarren, E. Wohl, F. Nakamura, M. Stoffel. Defining and characterizing wood-laden flows in rivers using home videos. E3S Web of Conferences. 2018; 40 ():02014.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVirginia Ruiz-Villanueva; L. Bürkli; B. Mazzorana; L. Mao; D. Ravazzolo; P. Iribarren; E. Wohl; F. Nakamura; M. Stoffel. 2018. "Defining and characterizing wood-laden flows in rivers using home videos." E3S Web of Conferences 40, no. : 02014.
Torrential flood hazards are a major threat for inhabited alluvial fans. They have the potential to relocate large amounts of sediment from the upper catchments to settlement areas on the alluvial fans where typically distributary processes take place. The approaching water-sediment-mixture impacting on building walls are part of a set of damage-generating mechanisms and may cause severe damages to buildings and infrastructure. It is difficult to predict the magnitude and temporal forces on buildings due to the complex flow patterns and sediment deposition processes around obstacles on the floodplain. Our work focuses on experimental measurements of impact forces of flood events on buildings at a 1:30 scale model. It covers the alluvial fan of the Schnannerbach torrent (Austria) with a set of building structures which are equipped with force measurement devices. The measured impact forces are correlated to the approaching flow heights. Influencing factors on the impacts forces such as surrounding buildings on the floodplain and the presence of openings in the building envelope are also analysed. The influence of different hydraulic flow patterns on the impact forces and regression analyses for an estimation of impact forces are presented.
Michael Sturm; Bernhard Gems; Florian Keller; Bruno Mazzorana; Sven Fuchs; Maria Papathoma-Köhle; Markus Aufleger. Experimental measurements of flood-induced impact forces on exposed elements. E3S Web of Conferences 2018, 40, 05005 .
AMA StyleMichael Sturm, Bernhard Gems, Florian Keller, Bruno Mazzorana, Sven Fuchs, Maria Papathoma-Köhle, Markus Aufleger. Experimental measurements of flood-induced impact forces on exposed elements. E3S Web of Conferences. 2018; 40 ():05005.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael Sturm; Bernhard Gems; Florian Keller; Bruno Mazzorana; Sven Fuchs; Maria Papathoma-Köhle; Markus Aufleger. 2018. "Experimental measurements of flood-induced impact forces on exposed elements." E3S Web of Conferences 40, no. : 05005.
Large wood (LW) can lead to clogging at bridges and thus cause obstruction, followed by floodplain inundation. Moreover, colliding logs can cause severe damage to bridges, defense structures, and other infrastructure elements. The factors influencing spatiotemporal LW dynamics (LWD) during extreme floods vary remarkably across river basins and flood scenarios. However, there is a lack of methods to estimate the amount of LW in rivers during extreme floods. Modelling approaches allow for a reliable assessment of LW dynamics during extreme flood events by determining LW recruitment, transport, and deposition patterns. Here, we present a method for simulating LWD on a river reach scale implemented in R (LWDsimR). We extended a previously developed LW transport model with a tree recognition model on the basis of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data for LW recruitment simulation. In addition, we coupled the LWD simulation model with the hydrodynamic simulation model Basic Simulation Environment for Computation of Environmental Flow and Natural Hazard Simulation (BASEMENT-ETH) by adapting the existing LW transport model to be used on irregular meshes. The model has been applied in the Aare River basin (Switzerland) to quantify mobilized LW volumes and the associated flow paths in a probable maximum flood scenario.
Andreas Paul Zischg; Niccolo Galatioto; Silvana Deplazes; Rolf Weingartner; Bruno Mazzorana. Modelling Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Large Wood Recruitment, Transport, and Deposition at the River Reach Scale during Extreme Floods. Water 2018, 10, 1134 .
AMA StyleAndreas Paul Zischg, Niccolo Galatioto, Silvana Deplazes, Rolf Weingartner, Bruno Mazzorana. Modelling Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Large Wood Recruitment, Transport, and Deposition at the River Reach Scale during Extreme Floods. Water. 2018; 10 (9):1134.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndreas Paul Zischg; Niccolo Galatioto; Silvana Deplazes; Rolf Weingartner; Bruno Mazzorana. 2018. "Modelling Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Large Wood Recruitment, Transport, and Deposition at the River Reach Scale during Extreme Floods." Water 10, no. 9: 1134.
R.J. Batalla; A. Iroumé; M. Hernández; M. Llena; B. Mazzorana; D. Vericat. Recent geomorphological evolution of a natural river channel in a Mediterranean Chilean basin. Geomorphology 2018, 303, 322 -337.
AMA StyleR.J. Batalla, A. Iroumé, M. Hernández, M. Llena, B. Mazzorana, D. Vericat. Recent geomorphological evolution of a natural river channel in a Mediterranean Chilean basin. Geomorphology. 2018; 303 ():322-337.
Chicago/Turabian StyleR.J. Batalla; A. Iroumé; M. Hernández; M. Llena; B. Mazzorana; D. Vericat. 2018. "Recent geomorphological evolution of a natural river channel in a Mediterranean Chilean basin." Geomorphology 303, no. : 322-337.
In this work, a Rough Set Analysis based approach is proposed to quantify the damage susceptibility of check dams through specific indexes, which all require expert judgment to be quantified. The indexes are the Post-Event Damage Condition (DamPost), the induced Condition Change (DamCh), the Residual Condition (RC) and the Post-Event Functionality (FPost). Preliminarily, an existing dataset, containing a quantification of the damage indexes, the associated characterization of the flow process type of three torrential hazard events occurred in South Tyrol (Italy), the identification of construction material and the determination of age of the structure, was statistically analysed. To predict the damage indexes based on Rough Set Analysis, a general model, which considered all check dams regardless of their construction material, two specific models, for concrete and for masonry structures respectively, and a simplified version of the general model were set up. The derived rule bases exhibited satisfactory prediction accuracies only when the post-event functionality, FPost, was chosen. Prediction accuracies were 68% for the general model, 79% for the material category concrete, 60% for the material category masonry and 86% could be obtained by simplifying the decision attribute to a binary form (functionality given or not).
B. Mazzorana; H. Trenkwalder-Platzer; M. Heiser; J. Hübl. Quantifying the damage susceptibility to extreme events of mountain stream check dams using Rough Set Analysis. Journal of Flood Risk Management 2018, 11, e12333 .
AMA StyleB. Mazzorana, H. Trenkwalder-Platzer, M. Heiser, J. Hübl. Quantifying the damage susceptibility to extreme events of mountain stream check dams using Rough Set Analysis. Journal of Flood Risk Management. 2018; 11 (4):e12333.
Chicago/Turabian StyleB. Mazzorana; H. Trenkwalder-Platzer; M. Heiser; J. Hübl. 2018. "Quantifying the damage susceptibility to extreme events of mountain stream check dams using Rough Set Analysis." Journal of Flood Risk Management 11, no. 4: e12333.
The assessment and mitigation of floods in mountain streams, when large wood (LW) is transported, pose several challenges. The process chain consisting of flood propagation, large wood recruitment, entrainment, transport and entrapment triggers, at critical sections such as bridges, unexpected and exacerbated impacts to the exposed built environment. We provide a review on the recent advances in modelling LW dynamics during extreme river floods through computational approaches. Moreover, we describe how scaled flume experiments can enhance process understanding at critical flow sections such as bridges to address risk mitigation problems. Additionally, we present a framework based on Formative Scenario Analysis (FSA) to allow for expert knowledge integration and to subsequently derive consistent hazard process scenarios in steep mountain streams where the application of computational approaches is less reliable. Finally, we discuss how the application of the presented set of assessment methods can support integral flood risk management by explicitly considering LW dynamics since the effectiveness of mitigation critically depends on the acquired process understanding.
B. Mazzorana; Virginia Ruiz-Villanueva; L. Marchi; M. Cavalli; B. Gems; T. Gschnitzer; L. Mao; Andres Iroume; G. Valdebenito. Assessing and mitigating large wood-related hazards in mountain streams: recent approaches. Journal of Flood Risk Management 2017, 11, 207 -222.
AMA StyleB. Mazzorana, Virginia Ruiz-Villanueva, L. Marchi, M. Cavalli, B. Gems, T. Gschnitzer, L. Mao, Andres Iroume, G. Valdebenito. Assessing and mitigating large wood-related hazards in mountain streams: recent approaches. Journal of Flood Risk Management. 2017; 11 (2):207-222.
Chicago/Turabian StyleB. Mazzorana; Virginia Ruiz-Villanueva; L. Marchi; M. Cavalli; B. Gems; T. Gschnitzer; L. Mao; Andres Iroume; G. Valdebenito. 2017. "Assessing and mitigating large wood-related hazards in mountain streams: recent approaches." Journal of Flood Risk Management 11, no. 2: 207-222.
River managers are aware that river restoration entails addressing and effectively solving wicked social-ecological problems. Contemporary river corridor management is characterized by a variety of actors with different perspectives and interests, and by complex institutional settings and legal landscapes. Additionally, at the intersection between litho-, hydro-, and biological fields, new research suggests that river restoration should reactivate matter and energy fluxes, re-establish spatial connections with the floodplains, and enhance aquatic and terrestrial habitats without exacerbating flood risk. First, we outline a general structure of participatory river corridor management that addresses the following key requirements: (1) unambiguous, participatory spatial delineation of the river corridor; (2) comprehensive assessment of the river corridor's hydro-geomorphological, ecological, socio-economic and cultural processes; (3) transparency and consistency of the decision-making process; as well as (4) a coherent envisioning process. Subsequently, we present an overview of two river corridor management processes, conducted in South Tyrol, Italy. Specifically, we analysed the Etsch/Adige River corridor between Laas/Lasa and Glurns/Glorenza in the Upper Vinschgau/Venosta valley characterized by intense agricultural land use and the densely populated Eisack/Isarco River corridor in Brixen/Bressanone. Based on structured interviews with project managers, we highlight strengths and shortcomings of the proposed participatory management and envisage procedural improvements.
B. Mazzorana; A. Nardini; F. Comiti; G. Vignoli; E. Cook; H. Ulloa; Andres Iroume. Toward participatory decision-making in river corridor management: two case studies from the European Alps. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 2017, 61, 1250 -1270.
AMA StyleB. Mazzorana, A. Nardini, F. Comiti, G. Vignoli, E. Cook, H. Ulloa, Andres Iroume. Toward participatory decision-making in river corridor management: two case studies from the European Alps. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. 2017; 61 (7):1250-1270.
Chicago/Turabian StyleB. Mazzorana; A. Nardini; F. Comiti; G. Vignoli; E. Cook; H. Ulloa; Andres Iroume. 2017. "Toward participatory decision-making in river corridor management: two case studies from the European Alps." Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 61, no. 7: 1250-1270.
Highlights•River segments were compared in three basins affected by a volcanic eruption.•Major disturbances occurred during the eruptive and effusive phases of the volcano.•Changes in channel width and in island system were analyzed for each segment.•Disturbance magnitudes reflect the type of volcanic processes affecting each basin. AbstractThe eruption of the Chaitén volcano in May 2008 generated morphological and ecological disturbances in adjacent river basins, and the magnitude of these disturbances depended on the type of dominant volcanic process affecting each of them. The aim of this study is to analyse the morphological changes in different periods in river segments of the Blanco, El Amarillo and Rayas river basins located near the Chaitén volcano. These basins suffered disturbances of different intensity and spatial distribution caused by tephra fall, dome collapses and pyroclastic density currents that damaged hillslope forests, widened channels and destroyed island and floodplain vegetation. Changes continued to occur in the fluvial systems in the years following the eruption, as a consequence of the geomorphic processes indirectly induced by the eruption. Channel changes were analyzed by comparing remote images of pre and post-eruption conditions. Two periods were considered: the first from 2008 to 2009–2010 associated with the explosive and effusive phases of the eruption and the second that correspond to the post-eruption stage from 2009–2010 to 2013. Following the first phases channel segments widened 91% (38 m/yr), 6% (7 m/yr) and 7% (22 m/yr) for Blanco, Rayas and El Amarillo Rivers, respectively, compared to pre-eruption condition. In the second period, channel segments additionally widened 42% (8 m/yr), 2% (2 m/yr) and 5% (4 m/yr) for Blanco, Rayas and El Amarillo Rivers, respectively. In the Blanco River 62 and 82% of the islands disappeared in the first and second period, respectively, which is 6–8 times higher than in the El Amarillo approximately twice the Rayas. Sinuosity increased after the eruption only in the Blanco River but the three study channels showed a high braiding intensity mainly during the first post-eruption period. The major disturbances occurred during the eruptive and effusive phases of Chaitén volcano, and the intensity of these disturbances reflects the magnitude of the dominant volcanic processes affecting each basin. Inputs of sediment from dome collapses and pyroclastic density currents and not ash fall seem to explain morphologic channel change magnitudes in the study segments. The resulting knowledge can facilitate land use planning and design of river restoration projects in areas affected by volcanic eruptions disturbances. Graphical abstract
Héctor Ulloa; Andres Iroume; Lorenzo Picco; C.H. Mohr; B. Mazzorana; M.A. Lenzi; Luca Mao. Spatial analysis of the impacts of the Chaitén volcano eruption (Chile) in three fluvial systems. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 2016, 69, 213 -225.
AMA StyleHéctor Ulloa, Andres Iroume, Lorenzo Picco, C.H. Mohr, B. Mazzorana, M.A. Lenzi, Luca Mao. Spatial analysis of the impacts of the Chaitén volcano eruption (Chile) in three fluvial systems. Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 2016; 69 ():213-225.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHéctor Ulloa; Andres Iroume; Lorenzo Picco; C.H. Mohr; B. Mazzorana; M.A. Lenzi; Luca Mao. 2016. "Spatial analysis of the impacts of the Chaitén volcano eruption (Chile) in three fluvial systems." Journal of South American Earth Sciences 69, no. : 213-225.
On several debris cones and alluvial fans a tendency of wealth moving into flood prone areas can be observed during the last decades, which results in an increased flood risk. So far, this trend was repeatedly overseen due to the parallel implementation of flood mitigation measures leading to a decrease of flood risk. Without the implementation of appropriate maintenance strategies, however, the effectiveness of flood mitigation, such as consolidation check dams, will decline over time. As a consequence, hazard risk patterns may remain undetected if the functional performance of protection measures is not assessed over their entire life cycle. To close this gap, recent findings regarding the damage susceptibility of consolidation check dams are reviewed and related future challenges for both research and practice are identified.
Bruno Mazzorana; Hans Jörg Trenkwalder-Platzer; Sven Fuchs; Johannes Hübl. The susceptibility of consolidation check dams as a key factor for maintenance planning. Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft 2014, 66, 214 -216.
AMA StyleBruno Mazzorana, Hans Jörg Trenkwalder-Platzer, Sven Fuchs, Johannes Hübl. The susceptibility of consolidation check dams as a key factor for maintenance planning. Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft. 2014; 66 (5-6):214-216.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBruno Mazzorana; Hans Jörg Trenkwalder-Platzer; Sven Fuchs; Johannes Hübl. 2014. "The susceptibility of consolidation check dams as a key factor for maintenance planning." Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft 66, no. 5-6: 214-216.
Andrea Dell'agnese; Bruno Mazzorana; Francesco Comiti; Patricia Von Maravic; Vincenzo D’Agostino. Assessing the physical vulnerability of check dams through an empirical damage index. Journal of Agricultural Engineering 2013, 44, 2 .
AMA StyleAndrea Dell'agnese, Bruno Mazzorana, Francesco Comiti, Patricia Von Maravic, Vincenzo D’Agostino. Assessing the physical vulnerability of check dams through an empirical damage index. Journal of Agricultural Engineering. 2013; 44 (1):2.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Dell'agnese; Bruno Mazzorana; Francesco Comiti; Patricia Von Maravic; Vincenzo D’Agostino. 2013. "Assessing the physical vulnerability of check dams through an empirical damage index." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 44, no. 1: 2.
A comprehensive analysis of flood risk in mountain streams has to include an assessment of the vulnerability of the protection systems, in addition to an assessment of the vulnerability of the constructed environment on alluvial fans and floodplains. Structures forming the protection systems are of a dual nature, i.e. they are designed to mitigate natural process-related hazards and, on the other hand, are prone to be damaged during their lifecycle by the same processes they should mitigate. Therefore, their effectiveness declines over time. Hence, the knowledge of how effectively control structures perform is essential for risk management. A procedure was developed to assess the physical vulnerability of check dams based on empirical evidence collected in South Tyrol, Northern Italy. A damage index defined on pre- and postevent comparisons of check dam conditions was evaluated for 362 structures in 18 mountain streams along with the relevant processes and the structural characteristics affecting it. Although the available dataset did not allow conclusive functional relationships between damage index and impact variables to be established, it was possible to assess the average expected residual functionality of check dams according to structure characteristics, and event type and intensity. These results may help plan appropriate check dam maintenance.
Andrea Dell'agnese; Bruno Mazzorana; Francesco Comiti; Patricia Von Maravic; Vincenzo D’Agostino. Assessing the physical vulnerability of check dams through an empirical damage index. Journal of Agricultural Engineering 2013, 43, 2 .
AMA StyleAndrea Dell'agnese, Bruno Mazzorana, Francesco Comiti, Patricia Von Maravic, Vincenzo D’Agostino. Assessing the physical vulnerability of check dams through an empirical damage index. Journal of Agricultural Engineering. 2013; 43 (4):2.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Dell'agnese; Bruno Mazzorana; Francesco Comiti; Patricia Von Maravic; Vincenzo D’Agostino. 2013. "Assessing the physical vulnerability of check dams through an empirical damage index." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 43, no. 4: 2.
An evidence-based flood hazard analysis in mountain streams requires the identification and the quantitative characterisation of multiple possible processes. These processes result from specific triggering mechanisms on the hillslopes (i.e. landslides, debris flows), in-channel morphodynamic processes associated with sudden bed changes and stochastic processes taking place at critical stream configurations (e.g. occlusion of bridges, failure of levees). From a hazard assessment perspective, such possible processes are related to considerable uncertainties underlying the hydrological cause-effect chains. Overcoming these uncertainties still remains a major challenge in hazard and risk assessment and represents a necessary condition for a reliable spatial representation of process intensities and the associated probabilities. As a result of an accurate analysis of the conceptual flaws present in the procedures currently employed for hazard mapping in South Tyrol (Italy) and Carinthia (Austria), we propose a structured approach as a means to enhance the integration of hillslope, morphodynamic and stochastic processes into conventional flood hazard prediction for mountain basins. To this aim, a functional distinction is introduced between prevailing one-dimensional and two-dimensional process propagation domains, i.e., between confined and semi- to unconfined stream segments. The former domains are mostly responsible for the generation of water, sediment and wood fluxes, and the latter are where flooding of inactive channel areas (i.e. alluvial fans, floodplains) can occur. For the 1D process propagation domain, we discuss how to carry out a process routing along the stream system and how to integrate numerical models output with expert judgement in order to derive consistent event scenarios, thus providing a consistent quantification of the input variables needed for the associated 2D domains. Within these latter domains, two main types of spatial sub-domains can be identified based on the predictability of their dynamics, i.e., stochastic and quasi-deterministic. Advantages and limitations offered by this methodology are finally discussed with respect to hazard and risk assessment in mountain basins.
B. Mazzorana; F. Comiti; Sven Fuchs. A structured approach to enhance flood hazard assessment in mountain streams. Natural Hazards 2011, 67, 991 -1009.
AMA StyleB. Mazzorana, F. Comiti, Sven Fuchs. A structured approach to enhance flood hazard assessment in mountain streams. Natural Hazards. 2011; 67 (3):991-1009.
Chicago/Turabian StyleB. Mazzorana; F. Comiti; Sven Fuchs. 2011. "A structured approach to enhance flood hazard assessment in mountain streams." Natural Hazards 67, no. 3: 991-1009.
Recent flood events in Switzerland and Western Austria in 2005 were characterised by an increase in impacts and associated losses due to the transport of woody material. As a consequence, protection measures and bridges suffered considerable damages. Furthermore, cross-sectional obstructions due to woody material entrapment caused unexpected flood plain inundations resulting in severe damage to elements at risk. Until now, the transport of woody material is neither sufficiently taken into account nor systematically considered, leading to prediction inaccuracies during the procedure of hazard mapping. To close this gap, we propose a modelling approach that (1) allows the estimation of woody material recruitment from wood-covered banks and flood plains; (2) allows the evaluation of the disposition for woody material entrainment and transport to selected critical configurations along the stream and that (3) enables the delineation of hazard process patterns at these critical configurations. Results from a case study suggest the general applicability of the concept. This contribution to woody material transport analysis refines flood hazard assessments due to the consideration of woody material transport scenarios.
B. Mazzorana; J. Hübl; Andreas Paul Zischg; A. Largiadèr. Modelling woody material transport and deposition in alpine rivers. Natural Hazards 2010, 56, 425 -449.
AMA StyleB. Mazzorana, J. Hübl, Andreas Paul Zischg, A. Largiadèr. Modelling woody material transport and deposition in alpine rivers. Natural Hazards. 2010; 56 (2):425-449.
Chicago/Turabian StyleB. Mazzorana; J. Hübl; Andreas Paul Zischg; A. Largiadèr. 2010. "Modelling woody material transport and deposition in alpine rivers." Natural Hazards 56, no. 2: 425-449.
A robust and reliable risk assessment procedure for hydrologic hazards deserves particular attention to the role of transported woody material during flash floods or debris flows. At present, woody material transport phenomena are not systematically considered within the procedures for the elaboration of hazard maps. The consequence is a risk of losing prediction accuracy and of underestimating hazard impacts. Transported woody material frequently interferes with the sediment regulation capacity of open check dams and moreover, when obstruction phenomena at critical cross-sections of the stream occur, inundations can be triggered. The paper presents a procedure for the determination of the relative propensity of mountain streams to the entrainment and delivery of recruited woody material on the basis of empirical indicators. The procedure provided the basis for the elaboration of a hazard index map for all torrent catchments of the Autonomous Province of Bolzano/Bozen. The plausibility of the results has been thoroughly checked by a backward oriented analysis on natural hazard events, documented since 1998 at the Department of Hydraulic Engineering of the aforementioned Alpine Province. The procedure provides hints for the consideration of the effects, induced by woody material transport, during the elaboration of hazard zone maps.
B. Mazzorana; A. Zischg; A. Largiader; J. Hübl. Hazard index maps for woody material recruitment and transport in alpine catchments. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 2009, 9, 197 -209.
AMA StyleB. Mazzorana, A. Zischg, A. Largiader, J. Hübl. Hazard index maps for woody material recruitment and transport in alpine catchments. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences. 2009; 9 (1):197-209.
Chicago/Turabian StyleB. Mazzorana; A. Zischg; A. Largiader; J. Hübl. 2009. "Hazard index maps for woody material recruitment and transport in alpine catchments." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 9, no. 1: 197-209.