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Katrina Lyne
Independant consultant, Adelaide, Australia

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Commentary
Published: 18 December 2019 in Globalization and Health
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Background The circular economy framework for human production and consumption is an alternative to the traditional, linear concept of ‘take, make, and dispose’. Circular economy (CE) principles comprise of ‘design out waste and pollution’, ‘retain products and materials in use’, and ‘regenerate natural systems’. This commentary considers the risks and opportunities of the CE for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), acknowledging that LMICs must identify their own opportunities, while recognising the potential positive and negative environmental health impacts. Main body The implementation of the CE in LMICs is mostly undertaken informally, driven by poverty and unemployment. Activities being employed towards extracting value from waste in LMICs are imposing environmental health risks including exposure to hazardous and toxic working environments, emissions and materials, and infectious diseases. The CE has the potential to aid towards the achievement of the SDGs, in particular SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) and SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities). However, since SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-Being) is critical in the pursuit of all SDGs, the negative implications of the CE should be well understood and addressed. We call on policy makers, industry, the health sector, and health-determining sectors to address these issues by defining mechanisms to protect vulnerable populations from the negative health impacts that may arise in LMICs as these countries domesticate the CE. Conclusion Striving towards a better understanding of risks should not undermine support for the CE, which requires the full agency of the public and policy communities to realise the potential to accelerate LMICs towards sustainable production and consumption, with positive synergies for several SDGs.

ACS Style

Caradee Y. Wright; Linda Godfrey; Giovanna Armiento; Lorren K. Haywood; Roula Inglesi-Lotz; Katrina Lyne; Patricia Nayna Schwerdtle. Circular economy and environmental health in low- and middle-income countries. Globalization and Health 2019, 15, 1 -5.

AMA Style

Caradee Y. Wright, Linda Godfrey, Giovanna Armiento, Lorren K. Haywood, Roula Inglesi-Lotz, Katrina Lyne, Patricia Nayna Schwerdtle. Circular economy and environmental health in low- and middle-income countries. Globalization and Health. 2019; 15 (1):1-5.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Caradee Y. Wright; Linda Godfrey; Giovanna Armiento; Lorren K. Haywood; Roula Inglesi-Lotz; Katrina Lyne; Patricia Nayna Schwerdtle. 2019. "Circular economy and environmental health in low- and middle-income countries." Globalization and Health 15, no. 1: 1-5.

Review
Published: 16 November 2015 in Climate
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The evidence of observed health effects as well as projections of future health risks from climate variability and climate change is growing. This article summarizes new knowledge on these health risks generated since the IPCC fourth assessment report (AR4) was published in 2007, with a specific focus on the 53 countries comprising the WHO European Region. Many studies on the effects of weather, climate variability, and climate change on health in the European Region have been published since 2007, increasing the level of certainty with regard to already known health threats. Exposures to temperature extremes, floods, storms, and wildfires have effects on cardiovascular and respiratory health. Climate- and weather-related health risks from worsening food and water safety and security, poor air quality, and ultraviolet radiation exposure as well as increasing allergic diseases, vector- and rodent-borne diseases, and other climate-sensitive health outcomes also warrant attention and policy action to protect human health.

ACS Style

Tanja Wolf; Katrina Lyne; Gerardo Sanchez Martinez; Vladimir Kendrovski. The Health Effects of Climate Change in the WHO European Region. Climate 2015, 3, 901 -936.

AMA Style

Tanja Wolf, Katrina Lyne, Gerardo Sanchez Martinez, Vladimir Kendrovski. The Health Effects of Climate Change in the WHO European Region. Climate. 2015; 3 (4):901-936.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tanja Wolf; Katrina Lyne; Gerardo Sanchez Martinez; Vladimir Kendrovski. 2015. "The Health Effects of Climate Change in the WHO European Region." Climate 3, no. 4: 901-936.

Research article
Published: 01 January 2013 in Sexual Health
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Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is a significant risk for those infected with HIV. We examined the use of an interferon-gamma release assay for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis among HIV-infected clients attending two sexual health services in Far North Queensland. Of 240 clients tested, 19 returned a positive result (7.9%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.5–11.3%) and three were indeterminate (1.3%, 95% CI: –0.2%–2.7%). Low CD4 count was found to be significantly associated with an indeterminate test result (P = 0.004). However, we found no significant association between test results and client demographics, self-reported prior tuberculosis infection, Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine status or selected tuberculosis risk factors (P-values = 0.2–0.9).

ACS Style

Katrina Lyne; Sandra Downing; Darren Russell. Diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection among HIV-infected clients in Far North Queensland: use of an interferon-gamma release assay. Sexual Health 2013, 10, 389 -390.

AMA Style

Katrina Lyne, Sandra Downing, Darren Russell. Diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection among HIV-infected clients in Far North Queensland: use of an interferon-gamma release assay. Sexual Health. 2013; 10 (4):389-390.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Katrina Lyne; Sandra Downing; Darren Russell. 2013. "Diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection among HIV-infected clients in Far North Queensland: use of an interferon-gamma release assay." Sexual Health 10, no. 4: 389-390.