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Like many cities around the world, New York City is establishing policies to reduce CO2 emissions from all energy sectors by 2050. Understanding the impact of varying degrees of electric vehicle adoption and CO2 intensities on emissions reduction in the city is critical. Here, using a technology-rich, bottom-up, energy system optimization model, we analyse the cost and air emissions impacts of New York City’s proposed CO2 reduction policies for the transportation sector through a scenario framework. Our analysis reveals that the electrification of light-duty vehicles at earlier periods is essential for deeper reductions in air emissions. When further combined with energy efficiency improvements, these actions contribute to CO2 reductions under the scenarios of more CO2-intense electricity. Substantial reliance on fossil fuels and a need for structural change pose challenges to cost-effective CO2 reductions in the transportation sector. Here we find that uncertainties associated with decarbonization of the electric grid have a minimum influence on the cost-effectiveness of CO2 reduction pathways for the transportation sector. City-scale emission scenarios are critical for transport and energy sector policy making. Using a model that accounts for building stock and transportation fleets, Isik et al. visualize emission changes in the transport sector in New York City under various electric vehicle adoption and grid decarbonization scenarios.
Mine Isik; Rebecca Dodder; P. Ozge Kaplan. Transportation emissions scenarios for New York City under different carbon intensities of electricity and electric vehicle adoption rates. Nature Energy 2021, 6, 92 -104.
AMA StyleMine Isik, Rebecca Dodder, P. Ozge Kaplan. Transportation emissions scenarios for New York City under different carbon intensities of electricity and electric vehicle adoption rates. Nature Energy. 2021; 6 (1):92-104.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMine Isik; Rebecca Dodder; P. Ozge Kaplan. 2021. "Transportation emissions scenarios for New York City under different carbon intensities of electricity and electric vehicle adoption rates." Nature Energy 6, no. 1: 92-104.
A thorough understanding of the drivers that affect the emission levels from electricity generation, support sound design and the implementation of further emission reduction goals are presented here. For instance, New York State has already committed a transition to 100% clean energy by 2040. This paper identifies the relationships among driving factors and the changes in emissions levels between 1990 and 2050 using the logarithmic mean divisia index analysis. The analysis relies on historical data and outputs from techno-economic-energy system modeling to elude future power sector pathways. Three scenarios, including a business-as-usual scenario and two policy scenarios, explore the changes in utility structure, efficiency, fuel type, generation, and emission factors, considering the non-fossil-based technology options and air regulations. We present retrospective and prospective analysis of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide emissions for the New York State’s power sector. Based on our findings, although the intensity varies by period and emission type, in aggregate, fossil fuel mix change can be defined as the main contributor to reduce emissions. Electricity generation level variations and technical efficiency have relatively smaller impacts. We also observe that increased emissions due to nuclear phase-out will be avoided by the onshore and offshore wind with a lower fraction met by solar until 2050.
Mine Isik; P. Kaplan. Understanding Technology, Fuel, Market and Policy Drivers for New York State’s Power Sector Transformation. Sustainability 2020, 13, 265 .
AMA StyleMine Isik, P. Kaplan. Understanding Technology, Fuel, Market and Policy Drivers for New York State’s Power Sector Transformation. Sustainability. 2020; 13 (1):265.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMine Isik; P. Kaplan. 2020. "Understanding Technology, Fuel, Market and Policy Drivers for New York State’s Power Sector Transformation." Sustainability 13, no. 1: 265.
Electricity production is a major source of air pollutants in the U.S. Policies to reduce these emissions typically result in the power industry choosing to apply controls or switch to fuels with lower combustion emissions. However, the life-cycle emissions associated with various fuels can differ considerably, potentially impacting the effectiveness of fuel switching. Life-cycle emissions include emissions from extracting, processing, transporting, and distributing fuels, as well as manufacturing and constructing new generating capacity. The field of life-cycle analysis allows quantification of these emissions. While life-cycle emissions are often considered in greenhouse gas mitigation targets, they generally have not been included in air quality policymaking. We demonstrate such an approach, examining a hypothetical electric sector emission reduction target for nitrogen oxides (NOx) using the Global Change Assessment Model with U.S. state-level resolution. When only power plant emissions are considered in setting a NOx emission reduction target, fuel switching leads to an increase in upstream emissions that offsets 5% of the targeted reductions in 2050. When fuel extraction, processing, and transport emissions are included under the reduction target, accounting for 20% of overall NOx reduction goal, the resulting control strategy meets the required reductions and does so at 35% lower cost by 2050. However, manufacturing and construction emissions increase and offset up to 7% of NOx reductions in electric sector, indicating that it may be beneficial to consider these sources as well. Assuming no legal obstacles exist, life-cycle-based approaches could be implemented by allowing industry to earn reduction credits for reducing upstream emissions. We discuss some of the limitations of such an approach, including the difficulty in identifying the location of upstream emissions, which may occur across regulatory authorities or even outside of the U.S.
Samaneh Babaee; Daniel H. Loughlin; P. Ozge Kaplan. Incorporating upstream emissions into electric sector nitrogen oxide reduction targets. Cleaner Engineering and Technology 2020, 1, 100017 .
AMA StyleSamaneh Babaee, Daniel H. Loughlin, P. Ozge Kaplan. Incorporating upstream emissions into electric sector nitrogen oxide reduction targets. Cleaner Engineering and Technology. 2020; 1 ():100017.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSamaneh Babaee; Daniel H. Loughlin; P. Ozge Kaplan. 2020. "Incorporating upstream emissions into electric sector nitrogen oxide reduction targets." Cleaner Engineering and Technology 1, no. : 100017.
P. Ozge Kaplan; Joseph F. Decarolis; Morton A. Barlaz. WTE: Life Cycle Assessment Comparison to Landfilling. Recovery of Materials and Energy from Urban Wastes 2019, 499 -521.
AMA StyleP. Ozge Kaplan, Joseph F. Decarolis, Morton A. Barlaz. WTE: Life Cycle Assessment Comparison to Landfilling. Recovery of Materials and Energy from Urban Wastes. 2019; ():499-521.
Chicago/Turabian StyleP. Ozge Kaplan; Joseph F. Decarolis; Morton A. Barlaz. 2019. "WTE: Life Cycle Assessment Comparison to Landfilling." Recovery of Materials and Energy from Urban Wastes , no. : 499-521.
Combined heat and power (CHP) is promoted as an economical, energy-efficient option for reducing air emissions, mitigating carbon emissions and reducing reliance on grid electricity. However, its potential benefits have only been analyzed within the context of the current energy system. To fully examine the viability of CHP as a clean-technology alternative, its growth must be analyzed considering how the energy sector may transform under the influence of various technological and policy drivers that are specifically geared toward limiting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Scenarios were developed through a bottom-up technology model of the U.S. energy system to determine the impacts on CHP development and both system-wide and sectoral GHG and air pollutant emissions. Various scenarios were considered, from CO2 emissions reductions in the electric generating units (EGU) sector to GHG reductions across the whole energy system while considering levels of CHP investment. The largest CHP investments were observed in scenarios that limited CO2 emission from the EGU sector alone. The investments were scaled back in the scenarios that incorporated energy system level GHG reductions. The energy system level reduction scenarios yielded rapid transformation of the EGU sector towards zero-emissions technologies as reliance on electricity increases with the electrification of the many end-use sectors such as buildings, transportation and industrial sectors, reducing investment in CHP. The prime mover and fuel choice heavily influenced the air pollutant emissions resulting in trade-offs among pollutants including GHG emissions. The results suggest that CHP could play a role in a future low-carbon energy system, but that role diminishes as carbon reduction targets increase.
P. Ozge Kaplan; Jonathan W. Witt. What is the role of distributed energy resources under scenarios of greenhouse gas reductions? A specific focus on combined heat and power systems in the industrial and commercial sectors. Applied Energy 2018, 235, 83 -94.
AMA StyleP. Ozge Kaplan, Jonathan W. Witt. What is the role of distributed energy resources under scenarios of greenhouse gas reductions? A specific focus on combined heat and power systems in the industrial and commercial sectors. Applied Energy. 2018; 235 ():83-94.
Chicago/Turabian StyleP. Ozge Kaplan; Jonathan W. Witt. 2018. "What is the role of distributed energy resources under scenarios of greenhouse gas reductions? A specific focus on combined heat and power systems in the industrial and commercial sectors." Applied Energy 235, no. : 83-94.
The energy system is the primary source of air pollution. Thus, evolution of the energy system into the future will affect society’s ability to maintain air quality. Anticipating this evolution is difficult because of inherent uncertainty in predicting future energy demand, fuel use, and technology adoption. We apply Scenario Planning to address this uncertainty, developing four very different visions of the future. Stakeholder engagement suggested technological progress and social attitudes toward the environment are critical and uncertain factors for determining future emissions. Combining transformative and static assumptions about these factors yields a matrix of four scenarios that encompass a wide range of outcomes. We implement these scenarios in the U.S. EPA MARKAL model. Results suggest that both shifting attitudes and technology transformation may lead to emission reductions relative to present, even without additional policies. Emission caps, such as the Cross State Air Pollution Rule, are most effective at protecting against future emission increases. An important outcome of this work is the scenario implementation approach, which uses technology-specific discount rates to encourage scenario-specific technology and fuel choices. End-use energy demands are modified to approximate societal changes. This implementation allows the model to respond to perturbations in manners consistent with each scenario.
Kristen E. Brown; Troy Alan Hottle; Rubenka Bandyopadhyay; Samaneh Babaee; Rebecca Susanne Dodder; Pervin Ozge Kaplan; Carol S. Lenox; Daniel H. Loughlin. Evolution of the United States Energy System and Related Emissions under Varying Social and Technological Development Paradigms: Plausible Scenarios for Use in Robust Decision Making. Environmental Science & Technology 2018, 52, 8027 -8038.
AMA StyleKristen E. Brown, Troy Alan Hottle, Rubenka Bandyopadhyay, Samaneh Babaee, Rebecca Susanne Dodder, Pervin Ozge Kaplan, Carol S. Lenox, Daniel H. Loughlin. Evolution of the United States Energy System and Related Emissions under Varying Social and Technological Development Paradigms: Plausible Scenarios for Use in Robust Decision Making. Environmental Science & Technology. 2018; 52 (14):8027-8038.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKristen E. Brown; Troy Alan Hottle; Rubenka Bandyopadhyay; Samaneh Babaee; Rebecca Susanne Dodder; Pervin Ozge Kaplan; Carol S. Lenox; Daniel H. Loughlin. 2018. "Evolution of the United States Energy System and Related Emissions under Varying Social and Technological Development Paradigms: Plausible Scenarios for Use in Robust Decision Making." Environmental Science & Technology 52, no. 14: 8027-8038.
P. Ozge Kaplan; Joseph F. Decarolis; Morton A. Barlaz. WTE, Life Cycle Assessment Comparison to Landfilling. Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology 2017, 1 -23.
AMA StyleP. Ozge Kaplan, Joseph F. Decarolis, Morton A. Barlaz. WTE, Life Cycle Assessment Comparison to Landfilling. Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology. 2017; ():1-23.
Chicago/Turabian StyleP. Ozge Kaplan; Joseph F. Decarolis; Morton A. Barlaz. 2017. "WTE, Life Cycle Assessment Comparison to Landfilling." Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology , no. : 1-23.
With advances in natural gas extraction technologies, there is an increase in the availability of domestic natural gas, and natural gas is gaining a larger share of use as a fuel in electricity production. At the power plant, natural gas is a cleaner burning fuel than coal, but uncertainties exist in the amount of methane leakage occurring upstream in the extraction and production of natural gas. At higher leakage levels, the additional methane emissions could offset the carbon dioxide emissions reduction benefit of switching from coal to natural gas. This analysis uses the MARKAL linear optimization model to compare the carbon emissions profiles and system-wide global warming potential of the U.S. energy system over a series of model runs in which the power sector is required to meet a specific carbon dioxide reduction target across a number of scenarios in which the availability of natural gas changes. Scenarios are run with carbon dioxide emissions and a range of upstream methane emission leakage rates from natural gas production along with upstream methane and carbon dioxide emissions associated with production of coal and oil. While the system carbon dioxide emissions are reduced in most scenarios, total carbon dioxide equivalent emissions show an increase in scenarios in which natural gas prices remain low and, simultaneously, methane emissions from natural gas production are higher.
Carol Lenox; P. Ozge Kaplan. Role of natural gas in meeting an electric sector emissions reduction strategy and effects on greenhouse gas emissions. Energy Economics 2016, 60, 460 -468.
AMA StyleCarol Lenox, P. Ozge Kaplan. Role of natural gas in meeting an electric sector emissions reduction strategy and effects on greenhouse gas emissions. Energy Economics. 2016; 60 ():460-468.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarol Lenox; P. Ozge Kaplan. 2016. "Role of natural gas in meeting an electric sector emissions reduction strategy and effects on greenhouse gas emissions." Energy Economics 60, no. : 460-468.
Military bases resemble small cities and face similar sustainability challenges. As pilot studies in the U.S. Army Net Zero program, 17 locations are moving to 100% renewable energy, zero depletion of water resources, and/or zero waste to landfill by 2020. Some bases target net zero in a single area, such as water, whereas two bases, including Fort Carson, Colorado, target net zero in all three areas. We investigated sustainability strategies that appear when multiple areas (energy, water, and waste) are integrated. A system dynamics model is used to simulate urban metabolism through Fort Carson's energy, water, and waste systems. Integrated scenarios reduce environmental impact up to 46% from the 2010 baseline, whereas single-dimension scenarios (energy-only, water-only, and waste-only) reduce impact, at most, 20%. Energy conserving technologies offer mutual gains, reducing annual energy use 18% and water use 15%. Renewable energy sources present trade-offs: Concentrating solar power could supply 11% of energy demand, but increase water demand 2%. Waste to energy could supply 40% of energy demand and reduce waste to landfill >80%, but increase water demand between 1% and 22% depending on cooling system and waste tonnage. Outcomes depend on how the Fort Carson system is defined, because some components represent multiple net zero areas (food represents waste and energy), and some actions require embodied resources (energy generation potentially requires water and off-base feedstock). We suggest that integrating multiple net zero goals can lead to lower environmental impact for military bases.
Andrew C. Procter; P. Özge Kaplan; Rochelle Araujo. Net Zero Fort Carson: Integrating Energy, Water, and Waste Strategies to Lower the Environmental Impact of a Military Base. Journal of Industrial Ecology 2015, 20, 1134 -1147.
AMA StyleAndrew C. Procter, P. Özge Kaplan, Rochelle Araujo. Net Zero Fort Carson: Integrating Energy, Water, and Waste Strategies to Lower the Environmental Impact of a Military Base. Journal of Industrial Ecology. 2015; 20 (5):1134-1147.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrew C. Procter; P. Özge Kaplan; Rochelle Araujo. 2015. "Net Zero Fort Carson: Integrating Energy, Water, and Waste Strategies to Lower the Environmental Impact of a Military Base." Journal of Industrial Ecology 20, no. 5: 1134-1147.
Journal articleIFPRI3; C Improving markets and trade; CRP2; PIM 3.1 Advisory servicesMTID; PIMPRCGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM
Rebecca S. Dodder; P. Ozge Kaplan; Amani Elobeid; Simla Tokgoz; Silvia Secchi; Lyubov A. Kurkalova. Impact of energy prices and cellulosic biomass supply on agriculture, energy, and the environment: An integrated modeling approach. Energy Economics 2015, 51, 77 -87.
AMA StyleRebecca S. Dodder, P. Ozge Kaplan, Amani Elobeid, Simla Tokgoz, Silvia Secchi, Lyubov A. Kurkalova. Impact of energy prices and cellulosic biomass supply on agriculture, energy, and the environment: An integrated modeling approach. Energy Economics. 2015; 51 ():77-87.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRebecca S. Dodder; P. Ozge Kaplan; Amani Elobeid; Simla Tokgoz; Silvia Secchi; Lyubov A. Kurkalova. 2015. "Impact of energy prices and cellulosic biomass supply on agriculture, energy, and the environment: An integrated modeling approach." Energy Economics 51, no. : 77-87.
A. Elobeid; Simla Tokgoz; R. Dodder; T. Johnson; O. Kaplan; L. Kurkalova; S. Secchi. Integration of agricultural and energy system models for biofuel assessment. Environmental Modelling & Software 2013, 48, 1 -16.
AMA StyleA. Elobeid, Simla Tokgoz, R. Dodder, T. Johnson, O. Kaplan, L. Kurkalova, S. Secchi. Integration of agricultural and energy system models for biofuel assessment. Environmental Modelling & Software. 2013; 48 ():1-16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Elobeid; Simla Tokgoz; R. Dodder; T. Johnson; O. Kaplan; L. Kurkalova; S. Secchi. 2013. "Integration of agricultural and energy system models for biofuel assessment." Environmental Modelling & Software 48, no. : 1-16.
P. Ozge Kaplan; Joseph F. DeCarolis; Morton A. Barlaz. Life Cycle Comparison of Waste-to-Energy to Sanitary Landfill. Renewable Energy Systems 2013, 1155 -1180.
AMA StyleP. Ozge Kaplan, Joseph F. DeCarolis, Morton A. Barlaz. Life Cycle Comparison of Waste-to-Energy to Sanitary Landfill. Renewable Energy Systems. 2013; ():1155-1180.
Chicago/Turabian StyleP. Ozge Kaplan; Joseph F. DeCarolis; Morton A. Barlaz. 2013. "Life Cycle Comparison of Waste-to-Energy to Sanitary Landfill." Renewable Energy Systems , no. : 1155-1180.
The sustainability of future bioenergy production rests on more than continual improvements in its environmental, economic, and social impacts. The emergence of new biomass feedstocks, an expanding array of conversion pathways, and expected increases in overall bioenergy production are connecting diverse technical, social, and policy communities. These stakeholder groups have different-and potentially conflicting-values and cultures, and therefore different goals and decision making processes. Our aim is to discuss the implications of this diversity for bioenergy researchers. The paper begins with a discussion of bioenergy stakeholder groups and their varied interests, and illustrates how this diversity complicates efforts to define and promote "sustainable" bioenergy production. We then discuss what this diversity means for research practice. Researchers, we note, should be aware of stakeholder values, information needs, and the factors affecting stakeholder decision making if the knowledge they generate is to reach its widest potential use. We point out how stakeholder participation in research can increase the relevance of its products, and argue that stakeholder values should inform research questions and the choice of analytical assumptions. Finally, we make the case that additional natural science and technical research alone will not advance sustainable bioenergy production, and that important research gaps relate to understanding stakeholder decision making and the need, from a broader social science perspective, to develop processes to identify and accommodate different value systems. While sustainability requires more than improved scientific and technical understanding, the need to understand stakeholder values and manage diversity presents important research opportunities.
Timothy Lawrence Johnson; Jeffrey M. Bielicki; Rebecca S. Dodder; Michael R. Hilliard; P. Ozge Kaplan; C. Andrew Miller. Advancing Sustainable Bioenergy: Evolving Stakeholder Interests and the Relevance of Research. Environmental Management 2012, 51, 339 -353.
AMA StyleTimothy Lawrence Johnson, Jeffrey M. Bielicki, Rebecca S. Dodder, Michael R. Hilliard, P. Ozge Kaplan, C. Andrew Miller. Advancing Sustainable Bioenergy: Evolving Stakeholder Interests and the Relevance of Research. Environmental Management. 2012; 51 (2):339-353.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTimothy Lawrence Johnson; Jeffrey M. Bielicki; Rebecca S. Dodder; Michael R. Hilliard; P. Ozge Kaplan; C. Andrew Miller. 2012. "Advancing Sustainable Bioenergy: Evolving Stakeholder Interests and the Relevance of Research." Environmental Management 51, no. 2: 339-353.
This entry provides a detailed life cycle assessment (LCA) of combustion vs. landfilling of post-recycling municipal solid waste (MSW). LCA can be used to evaluate the environmental footprint of products, processes, and services. An LCA allows decision makers to compare products and processes through systematic evaluation of supply chains. LCA takes a “cradle-to-grave” approach, by including each stage of life for a given product or process, which includes the extraction of raw materials, transportation, manufacturing, distribution, use, and final disposal. LCA has been widely utilized to analyze different solid waste management alternatives [1–9]. In the USA, 220 million Mg (1 Mg = 1 metric ton) of MSW was generated in 2009, of which only 32% was recycled, and 13% was combusted with energy recovery [10]. Despite resource conservation efforts, over 50% of the US MSW is
P. Ozge Kaplan; Joseph De Carolis; Morton A. Barlaz. Life Cycle Comparison of Waste-to-Energy to Sanitary Landfill. Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology 2012, 5909 -5934.
AMA StyleP. Ozge Kaplan, Joseph De Carolis, Morton A. Barlaz. Life Cycle Comparison of Waste-to-Energy to Sanitary Landfill. Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology. 2012; ():5909-5934.
Chicago/Turabian StyleP. Ozge Kaplan; Joseph De Carolis; Morton A. Barlaz. 2012. "Life Cycle Comparison of Waste-to-Energy to Sanitary Landfill." Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology , no. : 5909-5934.
A number of waste life cycle assessment (LCA) models have been gradually developed since the early 1990s, in a number of countries, usually independently from each other. Large discrepancies in results have been observed among different waste LCA models, although it has also been shown that results from different LCA studies can be consistent. This paper is an attempt to identify, review and analyse methodologies and technical assumptions used in various parts of selected waste LCA models. Several criteria were identified, which could have significant impacts on the results, such as the functional unit, system boundaries, waste composition and energy modelling. The modelling assumptions of waste management processes, ranging from collection, transportation, intermediate facilities, recycling, thermal treatment, biological treatment, and landfilling, are obviously critical when comparing waste LCA models. This review infers that some of the differences in waste LCA models are inherent to the time they were developed. It is expected that models developed later, benefit from past modelling assumptions and knowledge and issues. Models developed in different countries furthermore rely on geographic specificities that have an impact on the results of waste LCA models. The review concludes that more effort should be employed to harmonise and validate non-geographic assumptions to strengthen waste LCA modelling.
Emmanuel C. Gentil; Anders Damgaard; Michael Zwicky Hauschild; Göran Finnveden; Ola Eriksson; Susan Thorneloe; Pervin Ozge Kaplan; Morton Barlaz; Olivier Muller; Yasuhiro Matsui; Ryota Ii; Thomas H. Christensen. Models for waste life cycle assessment: Review of technical assumptions. Waste Management 2010, 30, 2636 -2648.
AMA StyleEmmanuel C. Gentil, Anders Damgaard, Michael Zwicky Hauschild, Göran Finnveden, Ola Eriksson, Susan Thorneloe, Pervin Ozge Kaplan, Morton Barlaz, Olivier Muller, Yasuhiro Matsui, Ryota Ii, Thomas H. Christensen. Models for waste life cycle assessment: Review of technical assumptions. Waste Management. 2010; 30 (12):2636-2648.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmmanuel C. Gentil; Anders Damgaard; Michael Zwicky Hauschild; Göran Finnveden; Ola Eriksson; Susan Thorneloe; Pervin Ozge Kaplan; Morton Barlaz; Olivier Muller; Yasuhiro Matsui; Ryota Ii; Thomas H. Christensen. 2010. "Models for waste life cycle assessment: Review of technical assumptions." Waste Management 30, no. 12: 2636-2648.
The use of municipal solid waste (MSW) to generate electricity through landfill-gas-to-energy (LFGTE) and waste-to-energy (WTE) projects represents roughly 14% of U.S. nonhydro renewable electricity generation. Although various aspects of LFGTE and WTE have been analyzed in the literature, this paper is the first to present a comprehensive set of life-cycle emission factors per unit of electricity generated for these energy recovery options. In addition, sensitivity analysis is conducted on key inputs (e.g., efficiency of the WTE plant, landfill gas management schedules, oxidation rate, and waste composition) to quantify the variability in the resultant life-cycle emissions estimates. While methane from landfills results from the anaerobic breakdown of biogenic materials, the energy derived from WTE results from the combustion of both biogenic and fossil materials. The greenhouse gas emissions for WTE ranges from 0.4 to 1.5 MTCO2e/MWh, whereas the most agressive LFGTE scenerio results in 2.3 MTCO2e/MWh. WTE also produces lower NOx emissions than LFGTE, whereas SOx emissions depend on the specific configurations of WTE and LFGTE.
P. Ozge Kaplan; Joseph DeCarolis; Susan Thorneloe. Is It Better To Burn or Bury Waste for Clean Electricity Generation? Environmental Science & Technology 2009, 43, 1711 -1717.
AMA StyleP. Ozge Kaplan, Joseph DeCarolis, Susan Thorneloe. Is It Better To Burn or Bury Waste for Clean Electricity Generation? Environmental Science & Technology. 2009; 43 (6):1711-1717.
Chicago/Turabian StyleP. Ozge Kaplan; Joseph DeCarolis; Susan Thorneloe. 2009. "Is It Better To Burn or Bury Waste for Clean Electricity Generation?" Environmental Science & Technology 43, no. 6: 1711-1717.
Mathematical models of integrated solid waste management (SWM) are useful planning tools given the complexity of the solid waste system and the interactions among the numerous components that constitute the system. An optimization model was used in this study to identify and evaluate alternative plans for integrated SWM for the State of Delaware in consideration of cost and environmental performance, including greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The three counties in Delaware were modeled individually to identify efficient SWM plans in consideration of constraints on cost, landfill diversion requirements, GHG emissions, and the availability of alternate treatment processes (e.g., recycling, composting, and combustion). The results show that implementing a landfill diversion strategy (e.g., curbside recycling) for only a portion of the population is most cost-effective for meeting a county-specific landfill diversion target. Implementation of waste-to-energy offers the most cost-effective opportunity for GHG emissions reductions.
P. Ozge Kaplan; S. Ranji Ranjithan; Morton A. Barlaz. Use of Life-Cycle Analysis To Support Solid Waste Management Planning for Delaware. Environmental Science & Technology 2009, 43, 1264 -1270.
AMA StyleP. Ozge Kaplan, S. Ranji Ranjithan, Morton A. Barlaz. Use of Life-Cycle Analysis To Support Solid Waste Management Planning for Delaware. Environmental Science & Technology. 2009; 43 (5):1264-1270.
Chicago/Turabian StyleP. Ozge Kaplan; S. Ranji Ranjithan; Morton A. Barlaz. 2009. "Use of Life-Cycle Analysis To Support Solid Waste Management Planning for Delaware." Environmental Science & Technology 43, no. 5: 1264-1270.
An interactive method is developed to aid decision makers in public sector planning and management. The method integrates machine learning algorithms along with multiobjective optimization and modeling-to-generate-alternatives procedures into decision analysis. The implicit preferences of the decision maker are elicited through screening of several alternatives. The alternatives are selected from Pareto front and near Pareto front regions that are identified first in the procedure. The decision maker's selections are input to the machine learning algorithms to generate decision rules, which are then incorporated into the analysis to generate more alternatives satisfying the decision rules. The method is illustrated using a municipal solid waste management planning problem
Pervin Ozge Kaplan; S. Ranji Ranjithan. A New MCDM Approach to Solve Public Sector Planning Problems. 2007 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Multi-Criteria Decision-Making 2007, 153 -159.
AMA StylePervin Ozge Kaplan, S. Ranji Ranjithan. A New MCDM Approach to Solve Public Sector Planning Problems. 2007 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Multi-Criteria Decision-Making. 2007; ():153-159.
Chicago/Turabian StylePervin Ozge Kaplan; S. Ranji Ranjithan. 2007. "A New MCDM Approach to Solve Public Sector Planning Problems." 2007 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Multi-Criteria Decision-Making , no. : 153-159.
The development of integrated solid‐waste management (SWM) strategies that are efficient with respect to both cost and environmental performance is a complex task. It must incorporate the numerous interrelations among different unit operations in the solid waste system (e.g., collection, recycling, and combustion), and the large number of design parameters that affect estimates of cost and environmental emissions. Uncertainty in design and operational parameters can lead to uncertainty in the estimates of cost and emissions. This article describes an extension of the capability of the Integrated Solid Waste Management Decision Support Tool (ISWM DST) to enable consideration of the effects of uncertainty in input parameters. The uncertainty analysis capability is illustrated using a hypothetical case study of a typical municipality. Results show that increased expenditure does not necessarily result in a reduction in the expected levels of environmental emissions and that some SWM alternatives may be more robust, although deterministic estimates of their expected performances are similar. The uncertainty analysis also facilitates use of the ISWM DST by policy makers responsible for evaluation of the expected effect of SWM practices on, for example, greenhouse‐gas emissions.
P. Özge Kaplan; Morton A. Barlaz; S. Ranji Ranjithan. A Procedure for Life-Cycle-Based Solid Waste Management with Consideration of Uncertainty. Journal of Industrial Ecology 2004, 8, 155 -172.
AMA StyleP. Özge Kaplan, Morton A. Barlaz, S. Ranji Ranjithan. A Procedure for Life-Cycle-Based Solid Waste Management with Consideration of Uncertainty. Journal of Industrial Ecology. 2004; 8 (4):155-172.
Chicago/Turabian StyleP. Özge Kaplan; Morton A. Barlaz; S. Ranji Ranjithan. 2004. "A Procedure for Life-Cycle-Based Solid Waste Management with Consideration of Uncertainty." Journal of Industrial Ecology 8, no. 4: 155-172.