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Federica Vitale
Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy

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Review
Published: 04 March 2021 in Sustainability
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Because the production of aggregates for mortar and concrete is no longer sustainable, many attempts have been made to replace natural aggregates (NA) with recycled aggregates (RA) sourced from factories, recycling centers, and human activities such as construction and demolition works (C&D). This article reviews papers concerning mortars with fine RA from C&D debris, and from the by-products of the manufacturing and recycling processes of building materials. A four-step methodology based on searching, screening, clustering, and summarizing was proposed. The clustering variables were the type of aggregate, mix design parameters, tested properties, patents, and availability on the market. The number and the type of the clustering variables of each paper were analysed and compared. The results showed that the mortars were mainly characterized through their physical and mechanical properties, whereas few durability and thermal analyses were carried out. Moreover, few fine RA were sourced from the production waste of construction materials. Finally, there were no patents or products available on the market. The outcomes presented in this paper underlined the research trends that are useful to improve the knowledge on the suitability of fine RA from building-related processes in mortars.

ACS Style

Federica Vitale; Maurizio Nicolella. Mortars with Recycled Aggregates from Building-Related Processes: A ‘Four-Step’ Methodological Proposal for a Review. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2756 .

AMA Style

Federica Vitale, Maurizio Nicolella. Mortars with Recycled Aggregates from Building-Related Processes: A ‘Four-Step’ Methodological Proposal for a Review. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2756.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Federica Vitale; Maurizio Nicolella. 2021. "Mortars with Recycled Aggregates from Building-Related Processes: A ‘Four-Step’ Methodological Proposal for a Review." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2756.

Conference paper
Published: 10 December 2020 in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
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Building sustainability is one of the current global goals due to the variety and the quantity of the resources consumed in all the construction phases. Mortars – for masonry and plasters applications – are one of the most "produced" and high-impact composite building materials, since they are used both in traditional and modern constructions. Moreover, the production processes of binders and aggregates used to package mortars require the consumption of energy and resources and lead to the management of a huge amount of waste. In order to reduce the environmental weight of the mortars, the scientific world has been focusing, over the last years, on the substitution of natural aggregates with lightweight-recycled ones. Several studies have shown that this substitution improves some performances (thermal insulation and vapour permeability) and decreases other ones (compressive and flexural strength) as a result of the mortars density reduction. Moreover, the variability of recycled-aggregates materials (ceramic, plastic, concrete) and of the composition of mortars allows many different possibilities. However, little is known about the effective convenience of the market placement of these products. The aim of this study is to measure the environmental and economic sustainability of mortars made with natural hydraulic lime and a partial substitution of the natural sand with recycled aggregates from the production waste of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete bricks. These mortars were physically and mechanically characterized in a previous research phase and they were classified according to UNI EN 998-1 and 2. In particular, mortars with 25% by weight of AAC at most were suitable for masonry applications. The present study investigates the synergic possibility of packaging pre-mixes with recycled AAC aggregates in establishments where AAC is produced, moving from the unconventional perspective of the manufacturer. At first, LCA analyses are performed on these scenarios, in order to prove the strong decrease in the environmental impact of both production phases – AAC production, where waste is reduced, and mortar packaging, where the use of natural aggregates is limited – then the research moves to the analysis of the economic sustainability of the implementation of this production line. For this purpose, two cases are considered: an AAC manufacturer who does not produce pre-mixes, and an AAC manufacturer who produces pre-mixes, but does not own machineries to recycle Autoclaved Aerated Concrete bricks. Following a cost analysis related to the introduction of the production line of pre-mixes with recycled AAC in the two cases, hypotheses of market prices for this product are formulated in order to assess its economic sustainability, by performing a market analysis, and verifying the compatibility of the payback periods that derive from the related investments.

ACS Style

Maurizio Nicolella; Alessio Pino; Claudio Scognamillo; Federica Vitale. Feasibility Study on the Production of Sustainable Mortars Packaged with Recycled AAC Aggregates. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2020, 960, 042006 .

AMA Style

Maurizio Nicolella, Alessio Pino, Claudio Scognamillo, Federica Vitale. Feasibility Study on the Production of Sustainable Mortars Packaged with Recycled AAC Aggregates. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2020; 960 (4):042006.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maurizio Nicolella; Alessio Pino; Claudio Scognamillo; Federica Vitale. 2020. "Feasibility Study on the Production of Sustainable Mortars Packaged with Recycled AAC Aggregates." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 960, no. 4: 042006.