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Dr. Tim Daw
Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University

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0 Ecosystem Services
0 Fisheries
0 Sustainability
0 transdisciplinary
0 human wellbeing

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Ecosystem Services
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human wellbeing

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Researcher in transdisciplinary sustainability science

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Preprint content
Published: 04 March 2021
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Land in the Indian Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve (SBR) has been extensively (and illegally) converted from agriculture to aquaculture over the last two decades, with implications for Sustainable Development Goals addressing food, poverty, employment, terrestrial and marine ecosystems and inequality. The economic returns from aquaculture are higher than agriculture, but more unequally shared, demand for labour is lower (and often fullfilled by non-local workers) and the expansion of brackish water aquaculture, in particular can contribute to the salinization of land through seepage from ponds, and intentional water management to bring saline water to farms. While remote sensing can demonstrate the conversion, the drivers behind are less clear. Much literature, along with commonly articulated stakeholder perspectives strongly suggest that sea-level rise and cyclone impacts lead to salinization, resulting in reduced agricultural productivity, leading farmers to convert to saline aquaculture as an adaptation. However, this is unclear in the Indian Sundarbans where the highest rates of conversion are not in areas which have suffered saline inundation. SBR-wide factors that affect rates of conversion include international demand for prawns, technology development and transfer, availability of seed, legal frameworks and land tenure. At a more local level, connectivity (for inputs and for marketing product), proximity to water sources, levels of cyclone inundation, salinity and agricultural productivity, existing aquaculture areas, extension services and local government (dis)incentives may explain spatial patterns of differing conversion rates. In this paper we use a two-decade long timeseries of remotely sensed data on land cover and agricultural productivity along with spatially explicit data on connectivity to evaluate which factors were most associated with conversion from agriculture to aquaculture in the past two decades. We then project future possible conversion based on scenarios of how these drivers may change over the the next decade and discuss their implications for Sustainable Development Goals.

ACS Style

Tim M. Daw; Sandip Giri; Partho Protim Mondal; Sourav Samanta; Sugata Hazra; Craig Hutton; Duncan D. Hornby; Andrew Harfoot; Kasturi Mukherjee; Radhika Gupta. What is driving conversion of land to aquaculture in the Indian Sundarbans? 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Tim M. Daw, Sandip Giri, Partho Protim Mondal, Sourav Samanta, Sugata Hazra, Craig Hutton, Duncan D. Hornby, Andrew Harfoot, Kasturi Mukherjee, Radhika Gupta. What is driving conversion of land to aquaculture in the Indian Sundarbans? . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tim M. Daw; Sandip Giri; Partho Protim Mondal; Sourav Samanta; Sugata Hazra; Craig Hutton; Duncan D. Hornby; Andrew Harfoot; Kasturi Mukherjee; Radhika Gupta. 2021. "What is driving conversion of land to aquaculture in the Indian Sundarbans?" , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 04 March 2021
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A range of ecosystem services provide critical direct benefits to poor households living in the Sundarban Biosphere Reserve in India. These include artisanal fishing in creeks and rivers, crab collection, prawn seed collection, brackish and fresh-water aquaculture, fuel, fodder and honey collection from forests, and marine fishing in mechanized and non mechanized boats. The roles of these ecosystem services are largely invisible to official data. Triangulating between available statistics, key informant interviews and a new household survey, we estimate that nearly 30% of the 4.6 million population, mostly poor people rely on these ecosystem services. Ecosystem services supplement traditional rainfed agriculture, providing over 30% of household livelihood requirements. The availability of these ecosystem services is declining in per-capita terms due to the rapidly rising population in addition to ecosystem degradation. The area and health of mangrove is affected by sea level rise, differential subsidence, reduction of sediment and freshwater supply due to human obstruction and abstraction, increased salinity, high intensity cyclones, monsoon instability and temperature rise. Under a business as usual scenario, sharp decline of provisioning and regulating ecosystem services available per capita by 2030 is envisaged resulting in the threatening to increase poverty in the Biosphere Reserve. We review policy options to protect and enhance these critical ecosystem services for poor households including restoration of the estuarine mangrove habitat through river reconnection and rejuvenation and  fresh water provisioning and desalination, scientific plantation and shore protection using building with nature concept, regulating marine fishery and aquaculture practices , land use planning and population realignment.

ACS Style

Oindrila Basu; Isha Das; Sudipa Pal; Tim Daw; Sugata Hazra. Shrinking Ecosystem Services in a Sinking Delta – Maintaining livelihoods in the Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve, India. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Oindrila Basu, Isha Das, Sudipa Pal, Tim Daw, Sugata Hazra. Shrinking Ecosystem Services in a Sinking Delta – Maintaining livelihoods in the Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve, India. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Oindrila Basu; Isha Das; Sudipa Pal; Tim Daw; Sugata Hazra. 2021. "Shrinking Ecosystem Services in a Sinking Delta – Maintaining livelihoods in the Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve, India." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 18 February 2021 in Water
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The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and their corresponding targets are significantly interconnected, with many interactions, synergies, and trade-offs between individual goals across multiple temporal and spatial scales. This paper proposes a framework for the Integrated Assessment Modelling (IAM) of a complex deltaic socio-ecological system in order to analyze such SDG interactions. We focused on the Sundarban Biosphere Reserve (SBR), India, within the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna Delta. It is densely populated with 4.4 million people (2011), high levels of poverty, and a strong dependence on rural livelihoods. It is adjacent to the growing megacity of Kolkata. The area also includes the Indian portion of the world’s largest mangrove forest––the Sundarbans––hosting the iconic Bengal Tiger. Like all deltaic systems, this area is subject to multiple drivers of environmental change operating across scales. The IAM framework is designed to investigate socio-environmental change under a range of explorative and/or normative scenarios and explore associated policy impacts, considering a broad range of subthematic SDG indicators. The following elements were explicitly considered: (1) agriculture; (2) aquaculture; (3) mangroves; (4) fisheries; and (5) multidimensional poverty. Key questions that can be addressed include the implications of changing monsoon patterns, trade-offs between agriculture and aquaculture, or the future of the Sundarbans’ mangroves under sea-level rise and different management strategies. The novel, high-resolution analysis of SDG interactions allowed by the IAM will provide stakeholders and policy makers the opportunity to prioritize and explore the SDG targets that are most relevant to the SBR and provide a foundation for further integrated analysis.

ACS Style

Charlotte Marcinko; Robert Nicholls; Tim Daw; Sugata Hazra; Craig Hutton; Chris Hill; Derek Clarke; Andy Harfoot; Oindrila Basu; Isha Das; Sandip Giri; Sudipa Pal; Partho Mondal. The Development of a Framework for the Integrated Assessment of SDG Trade-Offs in the Sundarban Biosphere Reserve. Water 2021, 13, 528 .

AMA Style

Charlotte Marcinko, Robert Nicholls, Tim Daw, Sugata Hazra, Craig Hutton, Chris Hill, Derek Clarke, Andy Harfoot, Oindrila Basu, Isha Das, Sandip Giri, Sudipa Pal, Partho Mondal. The Development of a Framework for the Integrated Assessment of SDG Trade-Offs in the Sundarban Biosphere Reserve. Water. 2021; 13 (4):528.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Charlotte Marcinko; Robert Nicholls; Tim Daw; Sugata Hazra; Craig Hutton; Chris Hill; Derek Clarke; Andy Harfoot; Oindrila Basu; Isha Das; Sandip Giri; Sudipa Pal; Partho Mondal. 2021. "The Development of a Framework for the Integrated Assessment of SDG Trade-Offs in the Sundarban Biosphere Reserve." Water 13, no. 4: 528.

Journal article
Published: 10 December 2020 in Sustainability
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People perceive the importance of benefits from ecosystem services in different ways, depending on their values, beliefs, and needs. Acknowledging and integrating this diversity into decision-making processes can support informed natural resource management. Our empirical study unpicks the multiple ways stakeholder groups perceive the benefits derived from wetland ecosystem services (WES) in the area surrounding the “Gialova” coastal wetland in Messenia, Greece. The inhabitants from this region benefit from a range of WES, and most livelihoods are closely linked to agriculture and tourism. We aim to understand the patterns in commonly held stakeholder views on WES using “Q methodology”, a participatory mixed-methods approach. We identified five distinct perspectives on WES from a sample of 32 stakeholders. Alongside diverse perceptions of the relative importance of different WES, we observed a range of explanations of why certain WES are important and analyzed these through the lens of “value pluralism”. This identified tension between relational and instrumental values. Such analyses move beyond ecosystem service identification towards an understanding of value justifications and conflicts, and can support the deliberation of conflicted views, and policy design in alignment with people’s values.

ACS Style

Sofia Maniatakou; Håkan Berg; Giorgos Maneas; Tim Daw. Unravelling Diverse Values of Ecosystem Services: A Socio-Cultural Valuation Using Q Methodology in Messenia, Greece. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10320 .

AMA Style

Sofia Maniatakou, Håkan Berg, Giorgos Maneas, Tim Daw. Unravelling Diverse Values of Ecosystem Services: A Socio-Cultural Valuation Using Q Methodology in Messenia, Greece. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (24):10320.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sofia Maniatakou; Håkan Berg; Giorgos Maneas; Tim Daw. 2020. "Unravelling Diverse Values of Ecosystem Services: A Socio-Cultural Valuation Using Q Methodology in Messenia, Greece." Sustainability 12, no. 24: 10320.

Original article
Published: 05 November 2019 in Sustainability Science
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Sustainability science has increasingly adopted more action-oriented approaches in an attempt to mobilise and implement a broad knowledge base to sustain human wellbeing and promote sustainable development. There is an increasing recognition of the importance of knowledge exchange (KE) between scientists and end users of research for enhancing social, environmental and economic impacts of research. Here, we explore the process of KE through close observation of two cases of KE between external PhD researchers and local actors in small-scale fisheries at the community level in Zanzibar, Tanzania. First, we address context by examining perceptions of research held by actors at community level and patterns of interactions and flows of benefits between external researchers and local actors including fisheries managers, local research institute as well as fishers and traders. Second, we unpack experiences of actors engaged in the cases of KE. The study draws attention to KE processes in the Global South and actors outside decision-making processes in fisheries management. The study concludes that as KE is a complex and dynamic process and that (i) history and relationships between actors shape the outcomes of KE, (ii) KE includes more than knowledge-based processes and outcomes because multiple incentives of different actors shape KE and how it is experiences and (iii) knowledge-based outcomes of KE are complex and unpredictable as different actors create their own meaning from shared information. The results exemplify the inevitably complex and unpredictable nature of KE processes and their outcomes, and provide insight into how KE can contribute to science–society relationships.

ACS Style

Viola Hakkarainen; Tim M. Daw; Maria Tengo. On the other end of research: exploring community-level knowledge exchanges in small-scale fisheries in Zanzibar. Sustainability Science 2019, 15, 281 -295.

AMA Style

Viola Hakkarainen, Tim M. Daw, Maria Tengo. On the other end of research: exploring community-level knowledge exchanges in small-scale fisheries in Zanzibar. Sustainability Science. 2019; 15 (1):281-295.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Viola Hakkarainen; Tim M. Daw; Maria Tengo. 2019. "On the other end of research: exploring community-level knowledge exchanges in small-scale fisheries in Zanzibar." Sustainability Science 15, no. 1: 281-295.

Original research article
Published: 14 August 2019 in Frontiers in Marine Science
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Small-scale fishing communities are increasingly connected to international seafood trade via exports in a growing global market. Understanding how this connectedness impacts local fishery systems, both socially and ecologically, has become a necessary challenge for fishery governance. Market prices are a potential mechanism by which global market demands are transferred to small-scale fishery actors. In most small-scale fisheries (SSF) this happens through various traders (intermediaries, middlemen/women, or patrons). By financing fishing operations, buying and selling products and transferring market information, traders can actively pass international market signals, such as price, to fishers. How these signals influence fishers’ decisions and the consequent fishing efforts, is still poorly understood yet significant for future social-ecological sustainability. This paper uses an economic framed field experiment, in combination with interviews, to shed light on this. It does so in the context of the Philippine patron-client “suki” arrangement. Over 250 fishers in Concepcion, Iloilo were asked in an economic experiment, to make decisions about fuel loans in light of changing market prices. Interviews with participants and their patrons gathered additional information on relevant contextual variables potentially influencing borrowing. They included fisher characteristics and socio-economic conditions. Contrary to our hypotheses, fishers showed no response in their borrowing behavior to experimental price changes. Instead, gender and the previous experiment round were predictive of their choice of loans in the experiment. We explore possible reasons for this and discuss potential implications for social-ecological sustainability and fishery governance.

ACS Style

Elizabeth Drury O’Neill; Therese Lindahl; Tim Daw; Beatrice Crona; Alice Joan G. Ferrer; Robert Pomeroy. An Experimental Approach to Exploring Market Responses in Small-Scale Fishing Communities. Frontiers in Marine Science 2019, 6, 1 .

AMA Style

Elizabeth Drury O’Neill, Therese Lindahl, Tim Daw, Beatrice Crona, Alice Joan G. Ferrer, Robert Pomeroy. An Experimental Approach to Exploring Market Responses in Small-Scale Fishing Communities. Frontiers in Marine Science. 2019; 6 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elizabeth Drury O’Neill; Therese Lindahl; Tim Daw; Beatrice Crona; Alice Joan G. Ferrer; Robert Pomeroy. 2019. "An Experimental Approach to Exploring Market Responses in Small-Scale Fishing Communities." Frontiers in Marine Science 6, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 18 June 2019 in Ecosystem Services
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Despite extensive recent research elucidating the complex relationship between ecosystem services and human wellbeing, little work has sought to understand how ecosystem services contribute to wellbeing and poverty alleviation. This paper adopts concepts from the “Theory of Human Need” and the “Capability Approach” to both identify the multitude of links occurring between ecosystem services and wellbeing domains, and to understand the mechanisms through which ecosystem services contribute to wellbeing. Focus Group Discussions (N = 40) were carried out at 8 sites in Mozambique and Kenya to elicit how, why, and to what extent benefits derived from ecosystem services contribute to different wellbeing domains. Our results highlight three types of mechanisms through which ecosystem services contribute to wellbeing, monetary, use and experience. The consideration of these mechanisms can inform the development of interventions that aim to protect or improve flows of benefits to people. Firstly, interventions that support multiple types of mechanisms will likely support multiple domains of wellbeing. Secondly, overemphasising certain types of mechanism over others could lead to negative social feedbacks, threatening the future flows of ecosystem services. Finally, the three mechanism types are interlinked and can act synergistically to enhance the capacities of individuals to convert ecosystem services to wellbeing.

ACS Style

Tomas Chaigneau; Katrina Brown; Sarah Coulthard; Tim M. Daw; Lucy Szaboova. Money, use and experience: Identifying the mechanisms through which ecosystem services contribute to wellbeing in coastal Kenya and Mozambique. Ecosystem Services 2019, 38, 100957 .

AMA Style

Tomas Chaigneau, Katrina Brown, Sarah Coulthard, Tim M. Daw, Lucy Szaboova. Money, use and experience: Identifying the mechanisms through which ecosystem services contribute to wellbeing in coastal Kenya and Mozambique. Ecosystem Services. 2019; 38 ():100957.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomas Chaigneau; Katrina Brown; Sarah Coulthard; Tim M. Daw; Lucy Szaboova. 2019. "Money, use and experience: Identifying the mechanisms through which ecosystem services contribute to wellbeing in coastal Kenya and Mozambique." Ecosystem Services 38, no. : 100957.

Journal article
Published: 03 June 2019 in Global Sustainability
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Non-technical summary We argue that the ways in which we as humans derive well-being from nature – for example by harvesting firewood, selling fish or enjoying natural beauty – feed back into how we behave towards the environment. This feedback is mediated by institutions (rules, regulations) and by individual capacities to act. Understanding these relationships can guide better interventions for sustainably improving well-being and alleviating poverty. However, more attention needs to be paid to how experience-related benefits from nature influence attitudes and actions towards the environment, and how these relationships can be reflected in more environmentally sustainable development projects.

ACS Style

Vanessa A. Masterson; Susanne Vetter; Tomas Chaigneau; Tim M. Daw; Odirilwe Selomane; Maike Hamann; Grace Y. Wong; Viveca Mellegård; Michelle Cocks; Maria Tengo. Revisiting the relationships between human well-being and ecosystems in dynamic social-ecological systems: Implications for stewardship and development. Global Sustainability 2019, 2, 1 .

AMA Style

Vanessa A. Masterson, Susanne Vetter, Tomas Chaigneau, Tim M. Daw, Odirilwe Selomane, Maike Hamann, Grace Y. Wong, Viveca Mellegård, Michelle Cocks, Maria Tengo. Revisiting the relationships between human well-being and ecosystems in dynamic social-ecological systems: Implications for stewardship and development. Global Sustainability. 2019; 2 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vanessa A. Masterson; Susanne Vetter; Tomas Chaigneau; Tim M. Daw; Odirilwe Selomane; Maike Hamann; Grace Y. Wong; Viveca Mellegård; Michelle Cocks; Maria Tengo. 2019. "Revisiting the relationships between human well-being and ecosystems in dynamic social-ecological systems: Implications for stewardship and development." Global Sustainability 2, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 16 May 2019 in Marine Policy
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This final manuscript in the special issue on “Funding for ocean conservation and sustainable fisheries” is the result of a dialogue aimed at connecting lead authors of the special issue manuscripts with relevant policymakers and practitioners. The dialogue took place over the course of a two-day workshop in December 2018, and this “coda” manuscript seeks to distil thinking around a series of key recurring topics raised throughout the workshop. These topics are collected into three broad categories, or “needs”: 1) a need for transparency, 2) a need for coherence, and 3) a need for improved monitoring of project impacts. While the special issue sought to collect new research into the latest trends and developments in the rapidly evolving world of funding for ocean conservation and sustainable fisheries, the insights collected during the workshop have helped to highlight remaining knowledge gaps. Therefore, each of the three “needs” identified within this manuscript is followed by a series of questions that the workshop participants identified as warranting further attention as part of a future research agenda. The crosscutting nature of many of the issues raised as well as the rapid pace of change that characterizes this funding landscape both pointed to a broader need for continued dialogue and study that reaches across the communities of research, policy and practice.

ACS Style

Robert Blasiak; Colette C.C. Wabnitz; Tim Daw; Michael Berger; Abigayil Blandon; Gonçalo Carneiro; Beatrice Crona; Mary Frances Davidson; Solène Guggisberg; Jeremy Hills; Felix Mallin; Edmund McManus; Karim Ould-Chih; Jeremy Pittman; Xosé Santos; Lena Westlund; Hanna Wetterstrand; Kai Wiegler. Towards greater transparency and coherence in funding for sustainable marine fisheries and healthy oceans. Marine Policy 2019, 107, 103508 .

AMA Style

Robert Blasiak, Colette C.C. Wabnitz, Tim Daw, Michael Berger, Abigayil Blandon, Gonçalo Carneiro, Beatrice Crona, Mary Frances Davidson, Solène Guggisberg, Jeremy Hills, Felix Mallin, Edmund McManus, Karim Ould-Chih, Jeremy Pittman, Xosé Santos, Lena Westlund, Hanna Wetterstrand, Kai Wiegler. Towards greater transparency and coherence in funding for sustainable marine fisheries and healthy oceans. Marine Policy. 2019; 107 ():103508.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Robert Blasiak; Colette C.C. Wabnitz; Tim Daw; Michael Berger; Abigayil Blandon; Gonçalo Carneiro; Beatrice Crona; Mary Frances Davidson; Solène Guggisberg; Jeremy Hills; Felix Mallin; Edmund McManus; Karim Ould-Chih; Jeremy Pittman; Xosé Santos; Lena Westlund; Hanna Wetterstrand; Kai Wiegler. 2019. "Towards greater transparency and coherence in funding for sustainable marine fisheries and healthy oceans." Marine Policy 107, no. : 103508.

Journal article
Published: 13 May 2019 in Marine Policy
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Since the late-2000s, there has been a growing discussion around development aid approaches that reflect complexity concepts, such as adaptive and iterative project management. Fisheries development interventions deal with particularly complex realities. They also illustrate the changing problems and prescribed solutions of development “paradigms” over time, which have yet to be systematically analysed in a fisheries context. This study analyses documents from 11 World Bank fisheries development projects from 1975 to 2017 in Eastern Africa and interviews with 13 project designers and implementers. The conceptualisation of the fisheries development “system” – the perceived problems, causal links and proposed solutions – was captured in each document and interview. The documents showed a clear difference in the variables and consequential links most frequently mentioned before 1995 and after 2000, moving from a narrow sectoral approach with tangible interventions such as infrastructure, to a more holistic approach pushing for softer solutions such as stakeholder engagement. While this suggests a change in the institutional World Bank paradigm, the contemporary interviews were not necessarily consistent with this shift. Interviewees’ conceptualisations also differed between each other, which may have implications for project implementation. A range of concepts related to complexity thinking were found and coded in both interviews and documents, particularly documents from recent World Bank projects. While this shows some evidence of actors and institutions incorporating complexity concepts into their narrative, concepts of adaptation, unpredictability, non-comparability and feedbacks were poorly reflected, showing the current gaps if approaches such as adaptive management are to be taken up.

ACS Style

Abigayil Blandon; Tim Daw; L. Jamila Haider; Samantha Stone-Jovicich; Jamila Haider. Conceptualisations of fisheries development in Eastern Africa over time and between actors. Marine Policy 2019, 107, 103512 .

AMA Style

Abigayil Blandon, Tim Daw, L. Jamila Haider, Samantha Stone-Jovicich, Jamila Haider. Conceptualisations of fisheries development in Eastern Africa over time and between actors. Marine Policy. 2019; 107 ():103512.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abigayil Blandon; Tim Daw; L. Jamila Haider; Samantha Stone-Jovicich; Jamila Haider. 2019. "Conceptualisations of fisheries development in Eastern Africa over time and between actors." Marine Policy 107, no. : 103512.

Journal article
Published: 13 February 2019 in Ecological Economics
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This article assesses the extent to which our conceptualisation, understanding and empirical analysis of ecosystem services are inherently gendered; in other words, how they might be biased and unbalanced in terms of their appreciation of gender differences. We do this by empirically investigating how women and men are able to benefit from ecosystem services across eight communities in coastal Kenya and Mozambique. Our results highlight different dimensions of wellbeing affected by ecosystem services, and how these are valued differently by men and women. However, it is not just the division of costs and benefits of ecosystem services that is gendered. Using a heuristic device of the ‘ecosystem-wellbeing chain’, we explain patterns within our primary data as an outcome of gendered knowledge systems, gendered behavioural expectations, gendered access to resources and gendered institutions. We conclude that this holistic, gendered understanding of ecosystem services is important not just for how ecosystem services are conceptualised, but also for the development and implementation of sustainable and equitable policy and interventions.

ACS Style

M. Fortnam; K. Brown; T. Chaigneau; B. Crona; T.M. Daw; D. Gonçalves; Christina Hicks; M. Revmatas; C. Sandbrook; B. Schulte-Herbruggen. The Gendered Nature of Ecosystem Services. Ecological Economics 2019, 159, 312 -325.

AMA Style

M. Fortnam, K. Brown, T. Chaigneau, B. Crona, T.M. Daw, D. Gonçalves, Christina Hicks, M. Revmatas, C. Sandbrook, B. Schulte-Herbruggen. The Gendered Nature of Ecosystem Services. Ecological Economics. 2019; 159 ():312-325.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Fortnam; K. Brown; T. Chaigneau; B. Crona; T.M. Daw; D. Gonçalves; Christina Hicks; M. Revmatas; C. Sandbrook; B. Schulte-Herbruggen. 2019. "The Gendered Nature of Ecosystem Services." Ecological Economics 159, no. : 312-325.

Journal article
Published: 27 December 2018 in Fisheries Research
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Fishers’ spatial behavior affects their incomes, livelihoods and ecological sustainability and is affected by establishment of protected areas, and the impacts of changing climate and weather patterns. An understanding of fishers’ spatial behavior is essential for evaluating catch trends or estimating per-area yeilds. Location choice by fishers has largely been understood through foraging models and empirical studies in large scale, developed country fisheries. This paper uses participatory mapping, logbooks and remotely sensed weather (wind speed) data to explore the influence of weather and capital on the spatial behavior and success of coastal Kenyan small-scale fishers. We test generalized foraging models of fisher behavior. A reef crest separates available fishing grounds in the study area between two distinct areas of dissimilar fish catches. Over half of the fishing trips accessed grounds outside the reef, particularly in the calmer northeast monsoon season. Trips across the reef were more successful both in terms of catch and value per fisher and price per kg. Access across the reef was determined primarily by season but was also affected by métier and daily wind speeds. Amongst a sample of non-motorised trips, crossing the reef was the most important variable for predicting Value Per Unit Effort (VPUE). Other things equal, more productive grounds ought to attract more effort, but access to the fishing grounds beyond the reef is constrained by fishers’ access to capital, fluctuations in weather and the interaction between these variables. Fishers with low levels of capital are more affected by daily weather that limits access to the more profitable fishing grounds. Fishers with more capital are able to access more productive grounds more freely, but at the expense of extra compensation for the capital needed. Thus while gross returns to offshore trips exceed similar returns for nearshore trips, net returns are likely to be more equal. In our study a stark exception to the pattern of higher returns from more capitalised gear is the relatively high VPUE achieved by spear fishers, making the assumption of free movement of labour between gears not valid. The study also adds a temporal complexity to this picture by showing the likelihood of accessing grounds beyond the reef crest varies temporally by season.

ACS Style

Pascal Thoya; Tim M. Daw. Effects of assets and weather on small-scale coastal fishers’ access to space, catches and profits. Fisheries Research 2018, 212, 146 -153.

AMA Style

Pascal Thoya, Tim M. Daw. Effects of assets and weather on small-scale coastal fishers’ access to space, catches and profits. Fisheries Research. 2018; 212 ():146-153.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pascal Thoya; Tim M. Daw. 2018. "Effects of assets and weather on small-scale coastal fishers’ access to space, catches and profits." Fisheries Research 212, no. : 146-153.

Conservation methods
Published: 20 August 2018 in Conservation Biology
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Conservation managers frequently face the challenge of protecting and sustaining biodiversity without producing detrimental outcomes for (often poor) human populations that depend upon ecosystem services for their wellbeing. However, win‐win solutions are often elusive and can mask trade‐offs and negative outcomes for the wellbeing of particular groups of people. To deal with such trade‐offs, approaches are needed to identify both ecological as well as social thresholds to determine the acceptable ‘solution space’ for conservation. Although human wellbeing as a concept has recently gained prominence among conservationists, they still lack tools to evaluate how their action affects human wellbeing in a given context. This paper presents the Theory of Human Needs in the context of conservation, building on an extensive historical application of needs approaches in international development. We detail an innovative participatory method, to evaluate how human needs are met, using locally relevant thresholds. We then establish the connections between human needs and ecosystem services. An application of this method in coastal East Africa identifies households who are in serious harm through not meeting different basic needs, and uncovers the role of ecosystem services in meeting these. Drawing from the international development and wellbeing literature, we suggest that this methodological approach, can help conservationists and planners balance poverty alleviation and biodiversity protection, ensure that conservation measures do not, at the very least, push individuals into serious harm and as a basis for monitoring the impacts of conservation on multidimensional poverty. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

ACS Style

Tomas Chaigneau; Sarah Coulthard; Katrina Brown; Tim M. Daw; Björn Schulte‐Herbrüggen. Incorporating basic needs to reconcile poverty and ecosystem services. Conservation Biology 2018, 33, 655 -664.

AMA Style

Tomas Chaigneau, Sarah Coulthard, Katrina Brown, Tim M. Daw, Björn Schulte‐Herbrüggen. Incorporating basic needs to reconcile poverty and ecosystem services. Conservation Biology. 2018; 33 (3):655-664.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomas Chaigneau; Sarah Coulthard; Katrina Brown; Tim M. Daw; Björn Schulte‐Herbrüggen. 2018. "Incorporating basic needs to reconcile poverty and ecosystem services." Conservation Biology 33, no. 3: 655-664.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Ecology and Society
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ACS Style

Diego Galafassi; Tim M. Daw; Matilda Thyresson; Sergio Rosendo; Tomas Chaigneau; Salomão Bandeira; Lydiah Munyi; Ida Gabrielsson; Katrina Brown. Stories in social-ecological knowledge cocreation. Ecology and Society 2018, 23, 1 .

AMA Style

Diego Galafassi, Tim M. Daw, Matilda Thyresson, Sergio Rosendo, Tomas Chaigneau, Salomão Bandeira, Lydiah Munyi, Ida Gabrielsson, Katrina Brown. Stories in social-ecological knowledge cocreation. Ecology and Society. 2018; 23 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Diego Galafassi; Tim M. Daw; Matilda Thyresson; Sergio Rosendo; Tomas Chaigneau; Salomão Bandeira; Lydiah Munyi; Ida Gabrielsson; Katrina Brown. 2018. "Stories in social-ecological knowledge cocreation." Ecology and Society 23, no. 1: 1.

Letter
Published: 20 June 2017 in Environmental Research Letters
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The connected nature of social-ecological systems has never been more apparent than in today's globalized world. The ecosystem service framework and associated ecosystem assessments aim to better inform the science–policy response to sustainability challenges. Such assessments, however, often overlook distant, diffuse and delayed impacts that are critical for global sustainability. Ecosystem-services science must better recognise the off-stage impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services of place-based ecosystem management, which we term 'ecosystem service burdens'. These are particularly important since they are often negative, and have a potentially significant effect on ecosystem management decisions. Ecosystem-services research can better recognise these off-stage burdens through integration with other analytical approaches, such as life cycle analysis and risk-based approaches that better account for the uncertainties involved. We argue that off-stage ecosystem service burdens should be incorporated in ecosystem assessments such as those led by the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Taking better account of these off-stage burdens is essential to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of cross-scale interactions, a pre-requisite for any sustainability transition.

ACS Style

Unai Pascual; Ignacio Palomo; William M Adams; Kai M A Chan; Tim M Daw; Eneko Garmendia; Erik Gómez-Baggethun; Rudolf S De Groot; Georgina M Mace; Berta Martín-López; Jacob Phelps. Off-stage ecosystem service burdens: A blind spot for global sustainability. Environmental Research Letters 2017, 12, 075001 .

AMA Style

Unai Pascual, Ignacio Palomo, William M Adams, Kai M A Chan, Tim M Daw, Eneko Garmendia, Erik Gómez-Baggethun, Rudolf S De Groot, Georgina M Mace, Berta Martín-López, Jacob Phelps. Off-stage ecosystem service burdens: A blind spot for global sustainability. Environmental Research Letters. 2017; 12 (7):075001.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Unai Pascual; Ignacio Palomo; William M Adams; Kai M A Chan; Tim M Daw; Eneko Garmendia; Erik Gómez-Baggethun; Rudolf S De Groot; Georgina M Mace; Berta Martín-López; Jacob Phelps. 2017. "Off-stage ecosystem service burdens: A blind spot for global sustainability." Environmental Research Letters 12, no. 7: 075001.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Ecology and Society
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Galafassi, D., T. Daw, L. Munyi, K. Brown, C. Barnaud, and I. Fazey. 2017. Learning about social-ecological trade-offs. Ecology and Society 22(1):2. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-08920-220102

ACS Style

Diego Galafassi; Tim M. Daw; Lydiah Munyi; Katrina Brown; Cecile Barnaud; Ioan Fazey. Learning about social-ecological trade-offs. Ecology and Society 2017, 22, 1 .

AMA Style

Diego Galafassi, Tim M. Daw, Lydiah Munyi, Katrina Brown, Cecile Barnaud, Ioan Fazey. Learning about social-ecological trade-offs. Ecology and Society. 2017; 22 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Diego Galafassi; Tim M. Daw; Lydiah Munyi; Katrina Brown; Cecile Barnaud; Ioan Fazey. 2017. "Learning about social-ecological trade-offs." Ecology and Society 22, no. 1: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Ecology and Society
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Patricia Balvanera; Tim M. Daw; Toby A. Gardner; Berta Martín-López; Albert V. Norström; Chinwe Ifejika Speranza; Marja Spierenburg; Elena M. Bennett; Michelle Farfan; Maike Hamann; John N. Kittinger; Tobias Luthe; Manuel Maass; Garry D. Peterson; Gustavo Perez-Verdin. Key features for more successful place-based sustainability research on social-ecological systems: a Programme on Ecosystem Change and Society (PECS) perspective. Ecology and Society 2017, 22, 1 .

AMA Style

Patricia Balvanera, Tim M. Daw, Toby A. Gardner, Berta Martín-López, Albert V. Norström, Chinwe Ifejika Speranza, Marja Spierenburg, Elena M. Bennett, Michelle Farfan, Maike Hamann, John N. Kittinger, Tobias Luthe, Manuel Maass, Garry D. Peterson, Gustavo Perez-Verdin. Key features for more successful place-based sustainability research on social-ecological systems: a Programme on Ecosystem Change and Society (PECS) perspective. Ecology and Society. 2017; 22 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Patricia Balvanera; Tim M. Daw; Toby A. Gardner; Berta Martín-López; Albert V. Norström; Chinwe Ifejika Speranza; Marja Spierenburg; Elena M. Bennett; Michelle Farfan; Maike Hamann; John N. Kittinger; Tobias Luthe; Manuel Maass; Garry D. Peterson; Gustavo Perez-Verdin. 2017. "Key features for more successful place-based sustainability research on social-ecological systems: a Programme on Ecosystem Change and Society (PECS) perspective." Ecology and Society 22, no. 1: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2016 in Marine Policy
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Shauna L. Mahajan; Tim Daw. Perceptions of ecosystem services and benefits to human well-being from community-based marine protected areas in Kenya. Marine Policy 2016, 74, 108 -119.

AMA Style

Shauna L. Mahajan, Tim Daw. Perceptions of ecosystem services and benefits to human well-being from community-based marine protected areas in Kenya. Marine Policy. 2016; 74 ():108-119.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shauna L. Mahajan; Tim Daw. 2016. "Perceptions of ecosystem services and benefits to human well-being from community-based marine protected areas in Kenya." Marine Policy 74, no. : 108-119.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2016 in Ecological Economics
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Britt Stikvoort; Therese Lindahl; Tim Daw. Thou shalt not sell nature: How taboo trade-offs can make us act pro-environmentally, to clear our conscience. Ecological Economics 2016, 129, 252 -259.

AMA Style

Britt Stikvoort, Therese Lindahl, Tim Daw. Thou shalt not sell nature: How taboo trade-offs can make us act pro-environmentally, to clear our conscience. Ecological Economics. 2016; 129 ():252-259.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Britt Stikvoort; Therese Lindahl; Tim Daw. 2016. "Thou shalt not sell nature: How taboo trade-offs can make us act pro-environmentally, to clear our conscience." Ecological Economics 129, no. : 252-259.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2016 in Marine Policy
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Fish and fish-related products are among the most highly traded commodities globally and the proportion of globally harvested fish that is internationally traded has steadily risen over time. Views on the benefits of international seafood trade diverge, partly as a result from adopting either an aggregate national focus or a focus on local market actors. However, both views generally assume that the trade in question is characterized by export of fisheries resources to international markets. This is potentially misleading as empirical evidence suggests that import of seafood can also have impacts on local SSF dynamics. A systematic analysis of the different ways in which local production systems connect to international seafood markets can therefore help shed more light on why small-scale fisheries exhibit such differences in outcomes as they engage in an increasingly global seafood trade. This paper conducts a synthesis across 24 cases from around the world and develops a typology of small-scale fisheries and how they connect to and interact with international seafood trade. The analysis is based on key features drawn from trade theory regarding how trade interacts with local production. The implications of the findings for social and ecological sustainability of small-scale fisheries are discussed with the aim of identifying further research topics which deserve attention to better inform trade policy for more sustainable fisheries and more just wealth distribution from their trade.

ACS Style

Beatrice I. Crona; Xavier Basurto; Dale Squires; Stefan Gelcich; Tim Daw; Ahmed Khan; Elizabeth Havice; Victoria Chomo; Max Troell; Eny Buchary; Edward Allison. Towards a typology of interactions between small-scale fisheries and global seafood trade. Marine Policy 2016, 65, 1 -10.

AMA Style

Beatrice I. Crona, Xavier Basurto, Dale Squires, Stefan Gelcich, Tim Daw, Ahmed Khan, Elizabeth Havice, Victoria Chomo, Max Troell, Eny Buchary, Edward Allison. Towards a typology of interactions between small-scale fisheries and global seafood trade. Marine Policy. 2016; 65 ():1-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Beatrice I. Crona; Xavier Basurto; Dale Squires; Stefan Gelcich; Tim Daw; Ahmed Khan; Elizabeth Havice; Victoria Chomo; Max Troell; Eny Buchary; Edward Allison. 2016. "Towards a typology of interactions between small-scale fisheries and global seafood trade." Marine Policy 65, no. : 1-10.