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The efficacy of various catchment and management schemes in the regulation of the Fuentetoba karst spring (Spain) was evaluated by using its groundwater reserves. This regulation of the spring would simultaneously serve to increase the reliability of the drinking-water supply to Soria (Spain), develop the ecological flow of the river that has its source in that spring, and improve the environmental needs and requirements by managing the flow of a remarkable natural waterfall at its source. Speleological explorations have been essential in designing a pumping system in the drainage conduit of the spring located 400 m upstream of it and 45 m below the level of the aquifer drainage. For the evaluation of the viability of the interannual regulation, the hydraulic dynamics of the spring were analyzed by calculating the inputs and outputs of water to the system with the application of a precipitation–runoff model that was used to simulate the pumping effects in the spring hydrograph. The results indicated that the aquifer presented a high guarantee of having a flow for the supply for the environment. This study can be applied to other springs, and may be useful in sustainably managing any aquifer.
Eugenio Sanz; Pablo Rosas; Ignacio Menéndez-Pidal; Joaquin Sanz De Ojeda. Modeling and Prefeasibility Management, and Conservation Strategies for Fuentetoba Springs, (Spain). Sustainability 2020, 12, 10131 .
AMA StyleEugenio Sanz, Pablo Rosas, Ignacio Menéndez-Pidal, Joaquin Sanz De Ojeda. Modeling and Prefeasibility Management, and Conservation Strategies for Fuentetoba Springs, (Spain). Sustainability. 2020; 12 (23):10131.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEugenio Sanz; Pablo Rosas; Ignacio Menéndez-Pidal; Joaquin Sanz De Ojeda. 2020. "Modeling and Prefeasibility Management, and Conservation Strategies for Fuentetoba Springs, (Spain)." Sustainability 12, no. 23: 10131.
The response of springs to earthquakes in the zone of moderate seismicity associated with the fault under study (the Talamantes–Castilruiz fault, Soria, Spain) always leads to a flow decrease regardless of the magnitude of the earthquake and the distance from the epicenter. The sensitivity of the springs is explained by the different degrees of the confinement of their aquifers. The semi-confined aquifer of the Vozmediano spring (1100 L/s) experiences short post-seismic events with a variable decrease in flow and an increase in turbidity, depending on the intensity of the earthquakes felt at the site (Intensity). These changes are likely due to elastic deformation and an increased permeability in their aquifers. This spring is an example of how previous (historical) earthquakes can break the aquifer through the fault causing horizontal movements of the groundwater and displacing the discharge point to a different fracture site located six kilometers from the initial point.
Eugenio Sanz; Ignacio Menéndez Pidal; José Escavy; Joaquin Ojeda. Hydrogeological Changes along a Fault Zone Caused by Earthquakes in the Moncayo Massif (Iberian Chain, Spain). Sustainability 2020, 12, 9034 .
AMA StyleEugenio Sanz, Ignacio Menéndez Pidal, José Escavy, Joaquin Ojeda. Hydrogeological Changes along a Fault Zone Caused by Earthquakes in the Moncayo Massif (Iberian Chain, Spain). Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):9034.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEugenio Sanz; Ignacio Menéndez Pidal; José Escavy; Joaquin Ojeda. 2020. "Hydrogeological Changes along a Fault Zone Caused by Earthquakes in the Moncayo Massif (Iberian Chain, Spain)." Sustainability 12, no. 21: 9034.