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Extreme winter temperatures during the 2018–2019 dormant season contributed to trunk collapse and complete trunk death of numerous genotypes throughout a diverse grapevine planting in eastern North Dakota, USA. Through the early portion of the dormant season, 12 genotypes were screened to identify lethal temperature exotherms of primary buds; from these results, none were anticipated to be fully prepared to survive the −37 °C minimum temperature recorded in the region. Trunk collapse, death, and survival were monitored for 35 replicated genotypes. New trunks were retrained from suckers and monitored for growth following trunk removal. Only five genotypes exceeded 50% trunk survival at the end of the 2019 growing season, ‘Valiant’, ‘King of the North’, ‘John Viola’, ‘Baltica’, and ‘Bluebell’. Following re-establishment, ‘La Crescent’ was the most vigorous genotype with the largest sucker circumference, sucker length, and internode length. Nearly all genotypes evaluated produced suckers with lengths approaching the high-wire trellis height (1.8 m), designating their potential for cordon retraining in 2020. Cumulatively, however, the lethal temperature exotherm results and the trunk survival examination indicate a harrowing need for investigation of new management practices (such as protected training systems) and the generation of new cold-hardy genotypes to enhance productivity under standard unprotected systems.
Andrej Svyantek; Bülent Köse; John Stenger; Collin Auwarter; Harlene Hatterman-Valenti. Cold-Hardy Grape Cultivar Winter Injury and Trunk Re-Establishment Following Severe Weather Events in North Dakota. Horticulturae 2020, 6, 75 .
AMA StyleAndrej Svyantek, Bülent Köse, John Stenger, Collin Auwarter, Harlene Hatterman-Valenti. Cold-Hardy Grape Cultivar Winter Injury and Trunk Re-Establishment Following Severe Weather Events in North Dakota. Horticulturae. 2020; 6 (4):75.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrej Svyantek; Bülent Köse; John Stenger; Collin Auwarter; Harlene Hatterman-Valenti. 2020. "Cold-Hardy Grape Cultivar Winter Injury and Trunk Re-Establishment Following Severe Weather Events in North Dakota." Horticulturae 6, no. 4: 75.
Screening new alternative vegetable oil sources as biodiesel feedstocks has attracted worldwide attention as world oil reserves decline and environmental concerns increase. Blessed thistle (Cnicus benedictus L.) has recently been identified as a multipurpose crop with optimal economic yield in poor soils. Blessed thistle was seeded into three different site soil conditions (site 1: silt clay loam, site 2: sandy loam, site 3: saline sandy loam) in eastern North Dakota, USA to evaluate agronomic performance and seed properties as well as biodiesel potential. The highest biomass and plant heights were obtained from the sandy loam soil, while plants grown in saline sandy loam soil had similar seed and oil yield, and similar oil content as plants grown in other site soil conditions. Biodiesel obtained from blessed thistle oil in the saline site was an excellent substitute for fossil fuels. The saline soil did not influence the blessed thistle oil yield; however, the saline soil did affect the fatty acid composition and biodiesel properties with some improvement in biodiesel quality. Results showed that blessed thistle was a promising species for biodiesel feedstock, especially for marginal soils such as the saline soil conditions in North Dakota.
Mehdi Ghiasy-Oskoee; Harlene Hatterman-Valenti; Ewumbua Monono; Majid AghaAlikhani. Blessed thistle a promising species on North Dakota, USA marginal lands: Agronomic productivity, oil properties and biodiesel potential. Ecological Engineering 2020, 155, 105908 .
AMA StyleMehdi Ghiasy-Oskoee, Harlene Hatterman-Valenti, Ewumbua Monono, Majid AghaAlikhani. Blessed thistle a promising species on North Dakota, USA marginal lands: Agronomic productivity, oil properties and biodiesel potential. Ecological Engineering. 2020; 155 ():105908.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMehdi Ghiasy-Oskoee; Harlene Hatterman-Valenti; Ewumbua Monono; Majid AghaAlikhani. 2020. "Blessed thistle a promising species on North Dakota, USA marginal lands: Agronomic productivity, oil properties and biodiesel potential." Ecological Engineering 155, no. : 105908.
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of three pruning levels (20, 30 and 40 nodes per vine) and three fruit-zone leaf removal levels (0%, 50%, and 100%) on the yield and fruit quality of Frontenac gris and Marquette wine grapes in a northern production region. The study was conducted at three North Dakota vineyards located near Buffalo, Clifford, and Wahpeton, North Dakota, in 2011 and 2012. Increasing the number of buds retained increased yields and reduced pruning weights in both cultivars. Frontenac gris and Marquette yields were greatest when vines had 50% of the fruit-zone leaves removed due to heavier clusters, suggesting that the 100% fruit-zone leaf removal level was too severe. Individual berries in clusters were also heavier when vines were pruned to retain 40 buds. Frontenac gris fruit quality was similar both years and was not influenced by pruning or leaf removal levels. Marquette fruit total soluble solids content was greater in 2012 due to the warmer and longer growing season. Marquette fruit titratable acidity was lower when 100% of the fruit-zone leaves were removed. These results suggest that for the two cold-hardy hybrid wine grapes used in this study, greater bud retention levels should be investigated. Results also warrant further research into cultivar adaptiveness to northern Great Plains conditions. With further research, it is anticipated that wine grape cultivars and management practices will be identified to produce acceptable yields and fruit quality for commercial wine grape production.
Andrew Aipperspach; James Hammond; Harlene Hatterman-Valenti. Utilizing Pruning and Leaf Removal to Optimize Ripening of Vitis riparia-Based ‘Frontenac Gris’ and ‘Marquette’ Wine Grapes in the Northern Great Plains. Horticulturae 2020, 6, 18 .
AMA StyleAndrew Aipperspach, James Hammond, Harlene Hatterman-Valenti. Utilizing Pruning and Leaf Removal to Optimize Ripening of Vitis riparia-Based ‘Frontenac Gris’ and ‘Marquette’ Wine Grapes in the Northern Great Plains. Horticulturae. 2020; 6 (1):18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrew Aipperspach; James Hammond; Harlene Hatterman-Valenti. 2020. "Utilizing Pruning and Leaf Removal to Optimize Ripening of Vitis riparia-Based ‘Frontenac Gris’ and ‘Marquette’ Wine Grapes in the Northern Great Plains." Horticulturae 6, no. 1: 18.
Lysimeter experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions to investigate canola (Brassica napus L.) plant water use, growth, and yield parameters for three different water table depths of 30, 60, and 90 cm. Additionally, control experiments were conducted, and only irrigation was applied to these lysimeters without water table limitations. The canola plant’s tolerance level to shallow groundwater was determined. Results showed that groundwater contributions to canola plant for the treatments at 30, 60, and 90 cm water table depths were 97%, 71%, and 68%, respectively, while the average grain yields of canola were 4.5, 5.3, and 6.3 gr, respectively. These results demonstrate that a 90 cm water table depth is the optimum depth for canola plants to produce a high yield with the least amount of water utilization.
Hakan Kadioglu; Harlene Hatterman-Valenti; Xinhua Jia; Xuefeng Chu; Hakan Aslan; Halis Simsek. Groundwater Table Effects on the Yield, Growth, and Water Use of Canola (Brassica napus L.) Plant. Water 2019, 11, 1730 .
AMA StyleHakan Kadioglu, Harlene Hatterman-Valenti, Xinhua Jia, Xuefeng Chu, Hakan Aslan, Halis Simsek. Groundwater Table Effects on the Yield, Growth, and Water Use of Canola (Brassica napus L.) Plant. Water. 2019; 11 (8):1730.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHakan Kadioglu; Harlene Hatterman-Valenti; Xinhua Jia; Xuefeng Chu; Hakan Aslan; Halis Simsek. 2019. "Groundwater Table Effects on the Yield, Growth, and Water Use of Canola (Brassica napus L.) Plant." Water 11, no. 8: 1730.
Outdoor production of floricane-fruiting (FF) blackberry (Rubus subgenus Rubus) is problematic in the Northern Great Plains region of the United States because cane injury and plant death will occur from exposure to temperatures −15 °C and colder. An annual FF blackberry production system using hardwood floricane cuttings would overcome some of the existing limitations of traditional production methods. Several experiments were performed to induce adventitious root formation from one-node hardwood floricane blackberry cuttings taken in winter for the purpose of subsequent growth of a floral shoot. One-node hardwood cuttings of multiple blackberry cultivars (Apache, Arapaho, Kiowa, Osage, Ouachita, Siskiyou, and Triple Crown) were evaluated for rooting potential with and without auxin treatments. Root formation was virtually nonexistent for ‘Apache’, ‘Kiowa’, and ‘Triple Crown’ regardless of the auxin treatment. In general, lower auxin concentrations and the powder formulation produced more roots and had higher root ratings. However, rooting success of cuttings and plant development was low regardless of the rooting method used. Adventitious root production of one-node dormant hardwood FF blackberry cuttings for use in an annual production system had low success regardless of the cultivar, auxin application, rate, and formulation. The variable propagation success rates using single-node hardwood cuttings from ‘Apache’, ‘Arapaho’, ‘Kiowa’, ‘Osage’, ‘Ouachita’, ‘Siskiyou’, and ‘Triple Crown’ plants grown in containers in North Dakota suggested insufficient rooting success for the recommendation of this practice. Additionally, the results suggested these cultivars are not suitable using this method for an annual production system or as a means for large-scale propagation. Although this approach to developing plants from cuttings is of great interest, without a more effective FF blackberry cutting rooting method that can progress through fruit production, an annual blackberry production system in the Northern Great Plains region of the United States is unlikely.
Abigail R. Debner; Harlene Hatterman-Valenti; Fumiomi Takeda. Blackberry Propagation Limitations When Using Floricane Cuttings. HortTechnology 2019, 29, 276 -282.
AMA StyleAbigail R. Debner, Harlene Hatterman-Valenti, Fumiomi Takeda. Blackberry Propagation Limitations When Using Floricane Cuttings. HortTechnology. 2019; 29 (3):276-282.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbigail R. Debner; Harlene Hatterman-Valenti; Fumiomi Takeda. 2019. "Blackberry Propagation Limitations When Using Floricane Cuttings." HortTechnology 29, no. 3: 276-282.
Water table contribution to plant water use is a significant element in improving water use efficiency (WUE) for agricultural water management. In this study, lysimeter experiments were conducted in a controlled greenhouse environment to investigate the response of soybean water uptake and growth parameters under four different water table depths (WTD) (30, 50, 70, and 90 cm). Soybean crop water use, WUE, and root distribution under the different WTD were examined. For 30, 50, 70, and 90 cm of WTD treatments, the average water table contributions were 89, 83, 79, and 72%; the grain yields were 15.1, 10.5, 14.1, and 17.2 g/lys.; and the WUEs were 0.22, 0.18, 0.25, and 0.31 g/lys./cm, respectively. Further analysis of the root mass and proportional distribution among the different soil layers illustrated that the lysimeters with 70 and 90 cm WTD had greater root mass with higher root distribution at 40–75 cm of the soil layer. The results indicated that 70 and 90 cm of constant WTD can yield higher grain yield and biomasses with greater WUE and better root distribution than the irrigated or shallow WTD treatments.
Yavuz F. Fidantemiz; Xinhua Jia; Aaron L.M. Daigh; Harlene Hatterman-Valenti; Dean D. Steele; Ali R. Niaghi; Halis Simsek. Effect of Water Table Depth on Soybean Water Use, Growth, and Yield Parameters. Water 2019, 11, 931 .
AMA StyleYavuz F. Fidantemiz, Xinhua Jia, Aaron L.M. Daigh, Harlene Hatterman-Valenti, Dean D. Steele, Ali R. Niaghi, Halis Simsek. Effect of Water Table Depth on Soybean Water Use, Growth, and Yield Parameters. Water. 2019; 11 (5):931.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYavuz F. Fidantemiz; Xinhua Jia; Aaron L.M. Daigh; Harlene Hatterman-Valenti; Dean D. Steele; Ali R. Niaghi; Halis Simsek. 2019. "Effect of Water Table Depth on Soybean Water Use, Growth, and Yield Parameters." Water 11, no. 5: 931.
Blackberry (Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson) production has the potential to expand into the northern Great Plains with the development of the rotating cross-arm (RCA) trellis system that prevents winter injury by laying the plants horizontal to the ground so that they can be covered during cold periods. However, this will only occur with the evaluation of new cultivars and overwintering protection methods associated with the RCA trellis system. Ten cultivars under four rowcover treatments were evaluated for winter damage, vegetative growth, yield, and fruit quality. Thermo-couples monitored air temperature under each rowcover treatment. Results indicated that rowcovers differed in their ability to moderate winter air temperatures. However, temperature moderation differences from rowcovers did not correspond to plant growth differences. Instead, cultivar influenced plant growth differences. Plants under the thermal blanket with corn stover had greater yield and more berries, while fruit quality was unaffected by rowcover treatment. Differences were also found between cultivars for fruit quantity and quality. Although rowcovers enabled overwintering primocanes to produce fruit after winter temperatures reached −30 C, further research is recommended to improve winter protection techniques and the identification of higher-yielding floricane blackberry cultivars for production in the northern Great Plains.
David Mettler; Harlene Hatterman-Valenti. Rotating Cross-arm and Winter Rowcovers for Floricane Blackberry (Rubus Subgenus Rubus Watson) Production in North Dakota. HortScience 2018, 53, 1810 -1813.
AMA StyleDavid Mettler, Harlene Hatterman-Valenti. Rotating Cross-arm and Winter Rowcovers for Floricane Blackberry (Rubus Subgenus Rubus Watson) Production in North Dakota. HortScience. 2018; 53 (12):1810-1813.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid Mettler; Harlene Hatterman-Valenti. 2018. "Rotating Cross-arm and Winter Rowcovers for Floricane Blackberry (Rubus Subgenus Rubus Watson) Production in North Dakota." HortScience 53, no. 12: 1810-1813.
Field trials using sublethal doses of glyphosate, dicamba, or mixtures of both herbicides on dry edible pea (Pisum sativum), dry edible bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), and potato (Solanum tuberosum) were conducted at six locations to determine the injury potential if spray drift were to occur. All studies used three increasing sublethal doses of glyphosate and dicamba, which were labeled as low, medium, and high. The doses for each herbicide varied for the three crops because of expected sensitivity differences. Herbicide doses were targeted for the reproductive stage 1 with dry edible pea and dry edible bean, and at tuber initiation for potato. Visible injury 20 days after the treatment ranged from 0% to 13% for dry edible pea, 0% to 53% for dry edible bean, and 0% to 50% for potato. Compared with the nontreated, yield was least when doses included dicamba, regardless of the crop. Dry edible bean was the most sensitive crop to sublethal doses of dicamba, followed by dry edible pea and potato. Results from these six studies suggested that drift injury potential to dry edible pea, dry edible bean, and potato will be greater if a dicamba-resistant soybean (Glycine max) crop is adjacent and upwind compared with a glyphosate-resistant crop. Results also reinforce the need for diligence in the application of these herbicides in proximity to susceptible crops and the need to thoroughly clean sprayers before spraying a sensitive crop.
Harlene Hatterman-Valenti; Greg Endres; Brian Jenks; Michael Ostlie; Theresa Reinhardt; Andrew Robinson; John Stenger; Richard Zollinger. Defining Glyphosate and Dicamba Drift Injury to Dry Edible Pea, Dry Edible Bean, and Potato. HortTechnology 2017, 27, 502 -509.
AMA StyleHarlene Hatterman-Valenti, Greg Endres, Brian Jenks, Michael Ostlie, Theresa Reinhardt, Andrew Robinson, John Stenger, Richard Zollinger. Defining Glyphosate and Dicamba Drift Injury to Dry Edible Pea, Dry Edible Bean, and Potato. HortTechnology. 2017; 27 (4):502-509.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHarlene Hatterman-Valenti; Greg Endres; Brian Jenks; Michael Ostlie; Theresa Reinhardt; Andrew Robinson; John Stenger; Richard Zollinger. 2017. "Defining Glyphosate and Dicamba Drift Injury to Dry Edible Pea, Dry Edible Bean, and Potato." HortTechnology 27, no. 4: 502-509.
Elemental sulfur is commonly applied for powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) protection on winegrape (Vitis sp.). The product may be used in a diversified, integrated disease management system to help prevent fungicide resistance to products with other modes of action. Additionally, sulfur may be used as a control option in organic systems. Applications of sulfur have been known to cause phytotoxic injury to susceptible winegrape cultivars, particularly those stemming from fox grape (Vitis labrusca) parentage. To improve recommendations to producers in the northern Great Plains region of the United States, a comparison of injury incidence and severity, as well as effects on yield characteristics was undertaken for 13 regional cultivars exposed to three sulfur rates (0, 2.4, and 4.8 lb/acre a.i.) at a North Dakota State University Research Station near Absaraka, ND. Overall, four cultivars (Bluebell, Baltica, Sabrevois, and King of the North) of the 13 cultivars tested showed phytotoxic symptoms. Injury severity and incidence of these cultivars differed between years and across rates. ‘Bluebell’ showed consistent and severe sulfur injury symptoms. Injury to the other three susceptible cultivars tended to vary by the given environment, with King of the North generally showing the lowest injury response. Injury symptoms were not found to be associated with the overall yield or cluster weight. Results suggest that alternative spray programs that exclude sulfur-based fungicides should be recommended for ‘Bluebell’, ‘Baltica’, ‘Sabrevois’, and ‘King of the North’, whereas sulfur-based fungicides may be applied to ‘Alpenglow’, ‘ES 12-6-18’, ‘Frontenac’, ‘Frontenac Gris’, ‘La Crescent’, ‘Marquette’, ‘Somerset Seedless’, ‘St. Croix’, and ‘Valiant’. Observations on fruit ripening in 2014 suggest that future research is needed to determine if a reduction of fruit quality may occur in some seasons with repeated sulfur applications or with successive annual sulfur applications for susceptible cultivars if used in an organic production system.
Nagehan D. Köycü; John E. Stenger; Harlene M. Hatterman-Valenti. Cold Climate Winegrape Cultivar Sensitivity to Sulfur in the Northern Great Plains Region of the United States. HortTechnology 2017, 27, 235 -239.
AMA StyleNagehan D. Köycü, John E. Stenger, Harlene M. Hatterman-Valenti. Cold Climate Winegrape Cultivar Sensitivity to Sulfur in the Northern Great Plains Region of the United States. HortTechnology. 2017; 27 (2):235-239.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNagehan D. Köycü; John E. Stenger; Harlene M. Hatterman-Valenti. 2017. "Cold Climate Winegrape Cultivar Sensitivity to Sulfur in the Northern Great Plains Region of the United States." HortTechnology 27, no. 2: 235-239.
Field experiments were conducted in 2007 and 2008 near Oakes, North Dakota (ND), USA, to evaluate if strip tillage could be incorporated into a production system of seeded onion (Allium cepa) to eliminate the standard use of a barley (Hordeum vulgare) companion crop with conventional, full width tillage, yet support common early-season weed control programs. A split-factor design was used with tillage (conventional and strip tillage) as the main plot and herbicide treatments (bromoxynil, DCPA, oxyfluorfen, and pendimethalin) as sub-plots. Neither tillage nor herbicide treatments affected onion stand counts. Common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) densities were lower in strip tillage compared to conventional tillage up to three weeks after the post-emergence applied herbicides. In general, micro-rate post-emergence herbicide treatments provided greater early-season broadleaf weed control than pre-emergence herbicide treatments. Onion yield and grade did not differ among herbicide treatments because the mid-season herbicide application provided sufficient control/suppression of the early-season weed escapes that these initial weed escapes did not impact onion yield or bulb diameter. In 2007, onion in the strip tillage treatment were larger in diameter resulting in greater total and marketable yields compared to conventional tillage. Marketable onion yield was 82.1 Mg ha−1 in strip tillage and 64.9 Mg ha−1 in conventional tillage. Results indicate that strip tillage use in direct-seeded onion production was beneficial, especially when growing conditions were conducive to higher yields and that the use of strip tillage in onion may provide an alternative to using a companion crop as it did not interfere with either early-season weed management system.
Sarah Gegner-Kazmierczak; Harlene Hatterman-Valenti. Strip Tillage and Early-Season Broadleaf Weed Control in Seeded Onion (Allium cepa). Agriculture 2016, 6, 11 .
AMA StyleSarah Gegner-Kazmierczak, Harlene Hatterman-Valenti. Strip Tillage and Early-Season Broadleaf Weed Control in Seeded Onion (Allium cepa). Agriculture. 2016; 6 (2):11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSarah Gegner-Kazmierczak; Harlene Hatterman-Valenti. 2016. "Strip Tillage and Early-Season Broadleaf Weed Control in Seeded Onion (Allium cepa)." Agriculture 6, no. 2: 11.
Field experiments at Oakes, ND, USA in 2010 and Carrington, ND, USA in 2011 were conducted to evaluate the potential for cover crops grown in the Northern Great Plains, USA in order to reduce weed emergence and density in irrigated potatoes. Treatments included five cover crop treatments and three cover crop termination treatments. Termination of cover crops was done with glyphosate, disk-till, and roto-till. Cover crop biomass accumulation was greatest for rye/canola and triticale at Oakes, and hairy vetch and hairy vetch/rye at Carrington. Cover crop and termination affected weed control 14, 29, and 51 days after planting (DAP) at Oakes. Weed control at Carrington was at least 90% for all cover crop and termination treatments at all three evaluation timings. Marketable yield at Oakes was greater when roto-till was used to terminate the cover crops compared with disk-till or herbicide, which is beneficial for organic systems where herbicides are not used. Marketable yield at Carrington was not affected by cover crop or termination treatments. Results suggest that cover crops can successfully be integrated into irrigated potato production for weed control with yields equal to no cover crop, and with attention to potential mechanical difficulties.
G.H. Mehring; J.E. Stenger; H.M. Hatterman-Valenti. Weed Control with Cover Crops in Irrigated Potatoes. Agronomy 2016, 6, 3 .
AMA StyleG.H. Mehring, J.E. Stenger, H.M. Hatterman-Valenti. Weed Control with Cover Crops in Irrigated Potatoes. Agronomy. 2016; 6 (1):3.
Chicago/Turabian StyleG.H. Mehring; J.E. Stenger; H.M. Hatterman-Valenti. 2016. "Weed Control with Cover Crops in Irrigated Potatoes." Agronomy 6, no. 1: 3.
A juneberry (Amelanchier alnifolia) cultivar trial was conducted to evaluate fruit yield, quality, and other characteristics for juneberry cultivars and a native biotype. One-year old micropropagated material was transplanted and established in North Dakota in 2004. The native biotype is available as a conservation plant from Towner State Nursery (Towner, ND) and was included as a readily available juneberry for producers. Fruit diameter, soluble solids content, yield (total and marketable), and plant size measurements were taken during the 2010 and 2011 season. ‘Martin’, the native biotype, ‘Parkhill’, ‘Pembina’, ‘Regent’, and ‘Thiessen’ produced the highest total yield in 2010, whereas ‘Parkhill’ had the highest total yield in 2011, followed by ‘Thiessen’ and then ‘Martin’. Cultivars Martin, Parkhill, and Thiessen produced the highest marketable yield over the 2-year study. ‘Martin’ and ‘Thiessen’ fruit were larger and heavier than the rest of the cultivars. The largest plants were ‘Martin’, ‘Parkhill’, ‘Regent’, and ‘Thiessen’. Soluble solids concentrations were similar among all cultivars. Cultivars Martin or Thiessen should be recommended to commercial producers wanting a high yielding cultivar with uniform fruit ripening, whereas Parkhill should be recommended to producers with a you-pick operation wanting a high yielding cultivar with an extended fruit ripening period.
Naa Korkoi Ardayfio; Harlene Hatterman-Valenti. Juneberry Cultivar Evaluation in North Dakota. HortTechnology 2015, 25, 747 -751.
AMA StyleNaa Korkoi Ardayfio, Harlene Hatterman-Valenti. Juneberry Cultivar Evaluation in North Dakota. HortTechnology. 2015; 25 (6):747-751.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNaa Korkoi Ardayfio; Harlene Hatterman-Valenti. 2015. "Juneberry Cultivar Evaluation in North Dakota." HortTechnology 25, no. 6: 747-751.
Assessment at North Dakota State University is considered to be a conversation about learning outcomes enriched by data with a goal of improving student learning. On the classroom level, this focuses on developing techniques to assess course-related knowledge and skills but may also include techniques to assess learner reactions to teaching and their course-related learning, study skills, and self-confidence. On the program level, this consists of an assessment plan and a corresponding assessment report. These assessment plans identify how the entire curriculum will be assessed over time, whereas the report documents plan implementation. The report consists of the activities designed to collect information on the success of each course. These activities may be direct, indirect, or non-measures of student learning. The direct measures along with a few indirect measures provide answers to the university assessment committee on student learning assessment questions: “what did you do?,” “what did you learn?,” and “what will you do differently as a result of what you learned?”
Harlene Hatterman-Valenti. North Dakota State University Horticulture and Forestry Program Assessment. HortTechnology 2010, 20, 678 -682.
AMA StyleHarlene Hatterman-Valenti. North Dakota State University Horticulture and Forestry Program Assessment. HortTechnology. 2010; 20 (4):678-682.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHarlene Hatterman-Valenti. 2010. "North Dakota State University Horticulture and Forestry Program Assessment." HortTechnology 20, no. 4: 678-682.
Weed control is necessary to ensure success in early stages of juneberry (Amelanchier alnifolia) orchard development; however, juneberry growers have limited chemical weed control options. A field trial was initiated at Prosper, ND, to evaluate the efficacy of physical and chemical weed control methods and their effects on juneberry growth. Woven landscape fabric most effectively eliminated weed emergence, whereas winter rye (Secale cereale) cover crop allowed the most weeds to emerge throughout the study. During both years, a hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) companion crop provided poor early- to midseason weed control, but weed suppression increased over time as hairy vetch grew to cover open areas. However, hairy vetch was very competitive with juneberry, reducing crop height, width, and overall growth. Plants within the herbicide treatments (glyphosate at 0.75 lb/acre plus oryzalin at 2 lb/acre and linuron at 1.7 lb/acre followed by flumioxazin at 1 oz/acre) and the hand-weeded control, which was weeded three times each year, had the greatest growth.
Deborah Willard; Harlene Hatterman Valenti. Juneberry Growth Is Affected by Weed Control Methods. HortTechnology 2008, 18, 75 -79.
AMA StyleDeborah Willard, Harlene Hatterman Valenti. Juneberry Growth Is Affected by Weed Control Methods. HortTechnology. 2008; 18 (1):75-79.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDeborah Willard; Harlene Hatterman Valenti. 2008. "Juneberry Growth Is Affected by Weed Control Methods." HortTechnology 18, no. 1: 75-79.
Field trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of planting configurations (raised bed and no bed) and reservoir tillage on onion (Allium cepa) yield and grade when a cereal grass or cool-season broadleaf species was used as a companion crop. Total onion yield, the number of plants harvested, percentage of single centers, and cull-sized bulb yields did not differ among planting configurations. However, planting onion seed in raised beds with reservoir tillage resulted in more large-diameter bulbs compared to planting without a bed configuration. Raised beds also had fewer small-sized bulbs than the non-bed configuration. Companion crop influence on onion yield and grade varied among environments (location plus year). In general, canola (Brassica napus) as a companion crop increased the yield of small-sized bulbs and decreased total yield and the yield of large-sized bulbs. These results were attributed to poor canola control from the initial bromoxynil plus oxyfluorfen application because each label restricts application until onions have reached the two true-leaf stage. Onion yield and grade with barley (Hordeum vulgare) as a companion crop was similar to that of onion with no companion crop except during 2002 (Carrington) when rain delayed the postemergence grass herbicide application and lowered onion yield.
Harlene M. Hatterman-Valenti; Paul E. Hendrickson. Companion Crop and Planting Configuration Effect on Onion. HortTechnology 2006, 16, 12 -15.
AMA StyleHarlene M. Hatterman-Valenti, Paul E. Hendrickson. Companion Crop and Planting Configuration Effect on Onion. HortTechnology. 2006; 16 (1):12-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHarlene M. Hatterman-Valenti; Paul E. Hendrickson. 2006. "Companion Crop and Planting Configuration Effect on Onion." HortTechnology 16, no. 1: 12-15.