This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
Nature based solutions (NBS) can be used in combination with reopening of piped rivers to support area development. In certain cases, piped rivers can run through disused landfills and this presents a complicating factor as the landfills provide the possibility for river water to be contaminated by waste. In Skien municipality close to Oslo, Norway, NBS are being considered as part of a potential reopening of the Kjørbekk stream. A 4 km stretch of the stream is contained in an aging pipe infrastructure that is buried under two disused landfills. The pipe infrastructure does not have the physical capacity to cope with an increase in precipitation that accompanies current climate change, and in certain areas, the pipe has started to leak. This means that surface water run off that cannot be accommodated by the pipe, as well as water that leaks from the pipe can become contaminated by the waste in the disused landfill. The water can furthermore be transported with the stream course to the final recipient, taking the contamination with it. Reopening the stream and providing new water pathways can alleviate these problems, but it must be carried out in such a way that contamination is not spread. This case study shows how certain NBS that focus on reducing the amount of water in contact with pollutants, reducing the amount of particle spreading, remediating contaminated water and remediating contaminated soil, could be implemented at the site and function as a catalyst for an incremental city development. Key Points: The kjørbekk stream runs in an old pipe infrastructure which is unable to accommodate the increase in rainfall predicted via climate change. The pipe runs through two disused landfill sites which were built without bottom membranes and waste in the landfill has the potential to contaminate excess rainfall water that it comes into contact with. Nature based solutions are being considered in combination with reopening of the kjørbekk stream, however they must ensure that the pollutants are not mobilized and do not result in a wider area becoming contaminated.
Sarah E. Hale; Marja Skotheim Folde; Unni Husby Melby; Elisabeth Ulrika Sjødahl; Andreas Botnen Smebye; Amy M. P. Oen. From landfills to landscapes—Nature‐based solutions for water management taking into account legacy contamination. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleSarah E. Hale, Marja Skotheim Folde, Unni Husby Melby, Elisabeth Ulrika Sjødahl, Andreas Botnen Smebye, Amy M. P. Oen. From landfills to landscapes—Nature‐based solutions for water management taking into account legacy contamination. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSarah E. Hale; Marja Skotheim Folde; Unni Husby Melby; Elisabeth Ulrika Sjødahl; Andreas Botnen Smebye; Amy M. P. Oen. 2021. "From landfills to landscapes—Nature‐based solutions for water management taking into account legacy contamination." Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management , no. : 1.
The construction and demolition of infrastructure can produce a surplus of excavated soils that ends up at landfills. This practice is not sustainable, and approaches are needed to reduce soil waste and minimize environmental and human health hazards. The “Reuse of urban soils and sites” Working Group in the European Large Geotechnical Institute Platform (ELGIP) works towards a safe and resource efficient use of excavated soils for construction. By considering relevant literature and practicals based on experience in the participating ELGIP countries (France, Norway, Portugal, Slovenia and Sweden), this study presents current practice related to the reuse of excavated soils, and the main barriers (regulatory, organizational, logistical and material quality) to effectively reuse them. Results show that there is no consensus on the best strategies to manage excavated soils in urban areas. This paper provides suggestions of ways in which stakeholders can increase reuse of excavated soils.
Sarah Hale; Antonio Roque; Gudny Okkenhaug; Erlend Sørmo; Thomas Lenoir; Christel Carlsson; Darya Kupryianchyk; Peter Flyhammar; Bojan Žlender. The Reuse of Excavated Soils from Construction and Demolition Projects: Limitations and Possibilities. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6083 .
AMA StyleSarah Hale, Antonio Roque, Gudny Okkenhaug, Erlend Sørmo, Thomas Lenoir, Christel Carlsson, Darya Kupryianchyk, Peter Flyhammar, Bojan Žlender. The Reuse of Excavated Soils from Construction and Demolition Projects: Limitations and Possibilities. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):6083.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSarah Hale; Antonio Roque; Gudny Okkenhaug; Erlend Sørmo; Thomas Lenoir; Christel Carlsson; Darya Kupryianchyk; Peter Flyhammar; Bojan Žlender. 2021. "The Reuse of Excavated Soils from Construction and Demolition Projects: Limitations and Possibilities." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 6083.
Sarah E. Hale; Stefan Ritter; Amy M. P. Oen; Loretta von der Tann. Grounding Environmental Sciences: The Missing Link to the Urban Underground. Environmental Science & Technology 2021, 55, 4197 -4198.
AMA StyleSarah E. Hale, Stefan Ritter, Amy M. P. Oen, Loretta von der Tann. Grounding Environmental Sciences: The Missing Link to the Urban Underground. Environmental Science & Technology. 2021; 55 (8):4197-4198.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSarah E. Hale; Stefan Ritter; Amy M. P. Oen; Loretta von der Tann. 2021. "Grounding Environmental Sciences: The Missing Link to the Urban Underground." Environmental Science & Technology 55, no. 8: 4197-4198.
The environmental behaviour of perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAA) and their precursors was investigated in lake Tyrifjorden, downstream a factory producing paper products coated with per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS). Low water concentrations (max 0.18 ng L-1 linear perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, L-PFOS) compared to biota (mean 149 µg kg-1 L-PFOS in perch livers) resulted in high bioaccumulation factors (L-PFOS BAFPerch liver: 8.05x105-5.14x106). Sediment concentrations were high, particularly for the PFOS precursor SAmPAP diester (max 1 872 µg kg-1). Biota-sediment accumulation factors (L-PFOS BSAFPerch liver: 22-559) were comparable to elsewhere, and concentrations of PFAA precursors and long chained PFAA in biota were positively correlated to the ratio of carbon isotopes (12C/13C), indicating positive correlations to dietary intake of benthic organisms. The sum fluorine from targeted analyses accounted for 54% of the extractable organic fluorine in sediment, and 9-108% in biota. This, and high trophic magnification factors (TMF, 3.7-9.3 for L-PFOS), suggests that hydrophobic precursors in sediments undergo transformation and are a main source of PFAA accumulation in top predator fish. Due to the combination of water exchange and dilution, transformation of larger hydrophobic precursors in sediments can be a source to PFAA, some of which are normally associated with uptake from water.
Håkon Austad Langberg; Gijs D. Breedveld; Gøril Aasen Slinde; Hege Mentzoni Grønning; Åse Høisæter; Morten Jartun; Thomas Rundberget; Bjorn Munro Jenssen; Sarah E. Hale. Fluorinated Precursor Compounds in Sediments as a Source of Perfluorinated Alkyl Acids (PFAA) to Biota. Environmental Science & Technology 2020, 54, 13077 -13089.
AMA StyleHåkon Austad Langberg, Gijs D. Breedveld, Gøril Aasen Slinde, Hege Mentzoni Grønning, Åse Høisæter, Morten Jartun, Thomas Rundberget, Bjorn Munro Jenssen, Sarah E. Hale. Fluorinated Precursor Compounds in Sediments as a Source of Perfluorinated Alkyl Acids (PFAA) to Biota. Environmental Science & Technology. 2020; 54 (20):13077-13089.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHåkon Austad Langberg; Gijs D. Breedveld; Gøril Aasen Slinde; Hege Mentzoni Grønning; Åse Høisæter; Morten Jartun; Thomas Rundberget; Bjorn Munro Jenssen; Sarah E. Hale. 2020. "Fluorinated Precursor Compounds in Sediments as a Source of Perfluorinated Alkyl Acids (PFAA) to Biota." Environmental Science & Technology 54, no. 20: 13077-13089.
A multi-season field trial was carried out to investigate the effect of the amendment of biochar, lime, ash and washed biochar on the growth of maize. A degraded, strongly acidic Ultisol (pHKCl 3.60), with a relatively high exchangeable aluminium content (2.4 cmolc/kg) and a low exchangeable calcium content (0.99 cmolc/kg), was used. Soil was treated once at the beginning of the field trial and crop growth was monitored over seven planting seasons (PS). All treatments increased maize yield. The average increases were; seven times for biochar, five times for lime, five times for washed biochar and eight times for ash treatment, when compared to the control across all PS. The effect of biochar, lime and ash treatments on maize yield were sustained over the seven PS. Soil pHKCl was significantly increased (p < 0.05 level) following the addition of all of the amendment materials. All treatments significantly reduced the concentration of Al3+ when compared to the control (p < 0.05), with the lowest concentrations for the lime and ash treatments. The ash treatment also increased the concentration of macronutrients (K, P and Mg) to the greatest extent. Results showed that there was a clear liming effect at play. The better performance of biochar compared to lime, despite lime having the highest pH and the lowest Al3+ concentration, can be explained by the additional K, Mg and P the biochar adds to the soil. Results also showed a clear nutrient addition effect where ash added the most nutrients. Overall, this work supports the fact that small scale farmers in Indonesia should produce biochar from their waste agricultural materials. Doing so not only provides an increase in crop productivity, but also sequesters carbon resulting in the best overall environmental benefit.
Sarah E. Hale; Neneng L. Nurida; Jubaedah; Jan Mulder; Erlend Sørmo; Ludovica Silvani; Samuel Abiven; Stephen Joseph; Sarasadat Taherymoosavi; Gerard Cornelissen. The effect of biochar, lime and ash on maize yield in a long-term field trial in a Ultisol in the humid tropics. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 719, 137455 .
AMA StyleSarah E. Hale, Neneng L. Nurida, Jubaedah, Jan Mulder, Erlend Sørmo, Ludovica Silvani, Samuel Abiven, Stephen Joseph, Sarasadat Taherymoosavi, Gerard Cornelissen. The effect of biochar, lime and ash on maize yield in a long-term field trial in a Ultisol in the humid tropics. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 719 ():137455.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSarah E. Hale; Neneng L. Nurida; Jubaedah; Jan Mulder; Erlend Sørmo; Ludovica Silvani; Samuel Abiven; Stephen Joseph; Sarasadat Taherymoosavi; Gerard Cornelissen. 2020. "The effect of biochar, lime and ash on maize yield in a long-term field trial in a Ultisol in the humid tropics." Science of The Total Environment 719, no. : 137455.
Most deforested lands in Brazil are occupied by low-productivity cattle ranching. Brazil is the second biggest meat producer worldwide and is projected to increase its agricultural output more than any other country. Biochar has been shown to improve soil properties and agricultural productivity when added to degraded soils, but these effects are context-dependent. The impact of biochar, fertilizer and inoculant on the productivity of forage grasses in Brazil (Brachiaria spp. and Panicum spp.) was investigated from environmental and socio-economic perspectives. We showed a 27% average increase in Brachiaria production over two years but no significant effects of amendment on Panicum yield. Biochar addition also increased the contents of macronutrients, soil pH and CEC. Each hectare amended with biochar saved 91 tonnes of CO2eq through land sparing effect, 13 tonnes of CO2eq sequestered in the soil, equating to U$455 in carbon payments. The costs of biochar production for smallholder farmers, mostly because of labour cost, outweighed the potential benefits of its use. Biochar is 617% more expensive than common fertilizers. Biochar could improve productivity of degraded pasturelands in Brazil if investments in efficient biochar production techniques are used and biochar is subsidized by low emission incentive schemes.
Agnieszka E. Latawiec; Bernardo B. N. Strassburg; André B. Junqueira; Ednaldo Araujo; Luiz Fernando D. De Moraes; Helena A. N. Pinto; Ana Castro; Marcio Rangel; Gustavo A. Malaguti; Aline F. Rodrigues; Luis Gustavo Barioni; Etelvino H. Novotny; Gerard Cornelissen; Maiara Mendes; Nilcileny Batista; Jose Guilherme Guerra; Everaldo Zonta; Catarina Jakovac; Sarah E. Hale. Biochar amendment improves degraded pasturelands in Brazil: environmental and cost-benefit analysis. Scientific Reports 2019, 9, 11993 -12.
AMA StyleAgnieszka E. Latawiec, Bernardo B. N. Strassburg, André B. Junqueira, Ednaldo Araujo, Luiz Fernando D. De Moraes, Helena A. N. Pinto, Ana Castro, Marcio Rangel, Gustavo A. Malaguti, Aline F. Rodrigues, Luis Gustavo Barioni, Etelvino H. Novotny, Gerard Cornelissen, Maiara Mendes, Nilcileny Batista, Jose Guilherme Guerra, Everaldo Zonta, Catarina Jakovac, Sarah E. Hale. Biochar amendment improves degraded pasturelands in Brazil: environmental and cost-benefit analysis. Scientific Reports. 2019; 9 (1):11993-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgnieszka E. Latawiec; Bernardo B. N. Strassburg; André B. Junqueira; Ednaldo Araujo; Luiz Fernando D. De Moraes; Helena A. N. Pinto; Ana Castro; Marcio Rangel; Gustavo A. Malaguti; Aline F. Rodrigues; Luis Gustavo Barioni; Etelvino H. Novotny; Gerard Cornelissen; Maiara Mendes; Nilcileny Batista; Jose Guilherme Guerra; Everaldo Zonta; Catarina Jakovac; Sarah E. Hale. 2019. "Biochar amendment improves degraded pasturelands in Brazil: environmental and cost-benefit analysis." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1: 11993-12.
Designer biochars can be used to remediate organic and inorganic contaminant polluted soils. Here, a waste timber biochar (BC), a coconut shell activated biochar (aBC) and a wood shrub iron enriched designer biochar (Fe-BC) were investigated. Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) contaminated soils with different total organic carbon (TOC) contents (1.6 and 34.2%) were amended with six doses of BC and aBC. Two shooting range soils (TOC 5.2 and 10.2%) contaminated with heavy metals (mainly Pb and Sb) were amended with four doses of BC and Fe-BC. An amendment of 20% BC reduced the PFOS leachate concentration by 86% for the low TOC soil but was not effective for the high TOC soil. An amendment of 1% aBC reduced PFOS leachate concentrations by over >96% for both soils. For the low TOC shooting range soil, a 20% amendment of BC reduced Pb and Sb leaching by 61% and 12%, respectively. An amendment of 20% Fe-BC to soil with low TOC reduced Pb and Sb leaching by 99% and 40%, respectively. The need for “designer” biochars using processes such as iron enrichment or activation should be considered depending on the TOC of the soil, the type of contaminants and remediation goals.
Ludovica Silvani; Gerard Cornelissen; Andreas Botnen Smebye; Yaxin Zhang; Gudny Okkenhaug; Andrew R. Zimmerman; Gorm Thune; Hilmar Sævarsson; Sarah E. Hale. Can biochar and designer biochar be used to remediate per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) and lead and antimony contaminated soils? Science of The Total Environment 2019, 694, 133693 .
AMA StyleLudovica Silvani, Gerard Cornelissen, Andreas Botnen Smebye, Yaxin Zhang, Gudny Okkenhaug, Andrew R. Zimmerman, Gorm Thune, Hilmar Sævarsson, Sarah E. Hale. Can biochar and designer biochar be used to remediate per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) and lead and antimony contaminated soils? Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 694 ():133693.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLudovica Silvani; Gerard Cornelissen; Andreas Botnen Smebye; Yaxin Zhang; Gudny Okkenhaug; Andrew R. Zimmerman; Gorm Thune; Hilmar Sævarsson; Sarah E. Hale. 2019. "Can biochar and designer biochar be used to remediate per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) and lead and antimony contaminated soils?" Science of The Total Environment 694, no. : 133693.
The use of aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs) has resulted in hot spots polluted with poly- and perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs). The phase out of long-chained perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) from AFFFs resulted in the necessity for alternatives, and short-chained PFAAs and fluorotelomer-based surfactants have been used. Here, the distribution of PFAS contamination in the marine environment surrounding a military site in Norway was investigated. Up to 30 PFASs were analyzed in storm, leachate, and fjord water; marine sediments; marine invertebrates (snails, green shore crab, great spider crab, and edible crab); and teleost fish (Atlantic cod, European place, and Lemon sole). Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) was the most abundantly detected PFAS. Differences in PFAS accumulation levels were observed among species, likely reflecting different exposure routes among trophic levels and different capabilities for depuration and/or enzymatic degradation. In agreement with previous literature, almost no 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (6:2 FTS) was detected in teleost fish. However, this study is one of the first to report considerable concentrations of 6:2 FTS in marine invertebrates, suggesting bioaccumulation. Biota monitoring and risk assessments of sites contaminated with fluorotelomer sulfonates (FTSs) and related compounds should not be limited to fish, but should also include invertebrates.
Håkon A. Langberg; Gijs D. Breedveld; Hege M. Grønning; Marianne Kvennås; Bjørn M. Jenssen; Sarah E. Hale. Bioaccumulation of Fluorotelomer Sulfonates and Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Marine Organisms Living in Aqueous Film-Forming Foam Impacted Waters. Environmental Science & Technology 2019, 53, 10951 -10960.
AMA StyleHåkon A. Langberg, Gijs D. Breedveld, Hege M. Grønning, Marianne Kvennås, Bjørn M. Jenssen, Sarah E. Hale. Bioaccumulation of Fluorotelomer Sulfonates and Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Marine Organisms Living in Aqueous Film-Forming Foam Impacted Waters. Environmental Science & Technology. 2019; 53 (18):10951-10960.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHåkon A. Langberg; Gijs D. Breedveld; Hege M. Grønning; Marianne Kvennås; Bjørn M. Jenssen; Sarah E. Hale. 2019. "Bioaccumulation of Fluorotelomer Sulfonates and Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Marine Organisms Living in Aqueous Film-Forming Foam Impacted Waters." Environmental Science & Technology 53, no. 18: 10951-10960.
This work showed for the first time that organic nutrient transformation techniques based on locally available materials (manure, green waste and advanced biochar) can increase fertilizing efficiency of the resulting substrate by a factor of three compared with other organic amendments without biochar. We used three different composting methods to investigate the techniques of organic nutrient transformations; i) conventional composting (composting process completed without turning the piles) ii) aerobic composting (composting process with manual turning of piles) and iii) bokashi composting (anaerobic lacto-fermentation). Composting was carried out in the absence (compost alone) and the presence of biochar (co-composted). Biochar was produced locally from an invasive forest shrub ‘Eupatorium adenophorum’. A pot trial with maize grown in silty loam soil was carried out to investigate the agronomic effect produced using three above-mentioned composting methods that were compared with conventional mineral fertilizers (NPK). Significant effects of co-composted bokashi-biochar (60 t ha−1) were observed on maize growth, which increased biomass by 243% compared to mineral NPK, also showing better growth effects than conventional and aerobic composting amendments. Improved soil available nutrients (available P and other exchangeable base cations (K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+)) were probably the cause of the superior growth effect of co-composted bokashi-biochar.
Naba Raj Pandit; Hans-Peter Schmidt; Jan Mulder; Sarah E. Hale; Olivier Husson; Gerard Cornelissen. Nutrient effect of various composting methods with and without biochar on soil fertility and maize growth. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 2019, 66, 250 -265.
AMA StyleNaba Raj Pandit, Hans-Peter Schmidt, Jan Mulder, Sarah E. Hale, Olivier Husson, Gerard Cornelissen. Nutrient effect of various composting methods with and without biochar on soil fertility and maize growth. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science. 2019; 66 (2):250-265.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNaba Raj Pandit; Hans-Peter Schmidt; Jan Mulder; Sarah E. Hale; Olivier Husson; Gerard Cornelissen. 2019. "Nutrient effect of various composting methods with and without biochar on soil fertility and maize growth." Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 66, no. 2: 250-265.
A pot experiment was carried out in which aged polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) contaminated soil was amended with biochar, and three phases: earthworms, turnips and polyethylene (PE) passive samplers, were added simultaneously in order to investigate changes in bioavailability of PCB following biochar amendment. Two biochars were used: one made from rice husk in Indonesia using local techniques and the other made from mixed wood shavings using more advanced technology. The biochars were amended at 1 and 4% doses. The overall accumulation of PCBs to the phases followed the order: earthworm lipid > PE > turnip. The rice husk biochar reduced PCB accumulation to a greater degree than the mixed wood biochar for all phases, however there was no effect of dose for either biochar. Earthworm uptake was reduced between 52% and 91% for rice husk biochar and by 19% to 63% for mix wood biochar. Turnip uptake was not significantly reduced by biochar amendment. Phase to soil accumulation factors (PSAF) were around 0.5 for turnips, approximately 5 for PE and exceeded 100 for earthworms. This study demonstrates that both biochars can be a sustainable alternative for in situ soil remediation and that PE can be used as tool to simulate the uptake in earthworms and thus remediation effectiveness.
Ludovica Silvani; Sigurbjörg Hjartardottir; Lucie Bielská; Lucia Škulcová; Gerard Cornelissen; Luca Nizzetto; Sarah E. Hale. Can polyethylene passive samplers predict polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) uptake by earthworms and turnips in a biochar amended soil? Science of The Total Environment 2019, 662, 873 -880.
AMA StyleLudovica Silvani, Sigurbjörg Hjartardottir, Lucie Bielská, Lucia Škulcová, Gerard Cornelissen, Luca Nizzetto, Sarah E. Hale. Can polyethylene passive samplers predict polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) uptake by earthworms and turnips in a biochar amended soil? Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 662 ():873-880.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLudovica Silvani; Sigurbjörg Hjartardottir; Lucie Bielská; Lucia Škulcová; Gerard Cornelissen; Luca Nizzetto; Sarah E. Hale. 2019. "Can polyethylene passive samplers predict polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) uptake by earthworms and turnips in a biochar amended soil?" Science of The Total Environment 662, no. : 873-880.
Within this study different biochars (BC) with widely varying characteristics have been tested as materials for the adsorption of hexachlorocyclohexane's (HCH) isomers (α, β, γ and δ) from water. Three BCs produced from digestate (700 °C), greenhouse tomato waste (550 °C) and durian shell (400 °C) were tested. The BCs demonstrated variable physico-chemical characteristics, especially with respect to surface area, with CO2-surface area ranging from 5.4 to 328.6 m2 g−1 and iron content ranging from 0.0733 to 11.17 g kg−1. Isotherm tests were carried out to understand which mechanisms drive HCH uptake to BC, to assess whether stereochemistry affects adsorption and to assess whether competitive sorption occurs. Log KF values ranged from 3.7 to 5.8 (μg kg−1) (μg L−1)−n for the various isomers on the three biochars. No competition (t-test, P < 0.0001) was observed between α-, β-, γ- and δ-HCH. Freundlich adsorption constants of α-, γ- and δ-HCH followed the order: BC digestate > BC greenhouse tomato waste > BC durian shell, in contrast to β-HCH which followed the order: BC durian shell > BC greenhouse tomato waste > BC digestate. In addition to stereochemistry, sorption coefficients were affected most strongly by BC surface area and iron content, in addition to specific HCH BC matrix interactions. In this study the iron content of a carbonaceous material has been investigated, for the first time, as a factor that can affect the sorption of HCHs.
Ludovica Silvani; Gerard Cornelissen; Sarah E. Hale. Sorption of α-, β-, γ- and δ-hexachlorocyclohexane isomers to three widely different biochars: Sorption mechanisms and application. Chemosphere 2018, 219, 1044 -1051.
AMA StyleLudovica Silvani, Gerard Cornelissen, Sarah E. Hale. Sorption of α-, β-, γ- and δ-hexachlorocyclohexane isomers to three widely different biochars: Sorption mechanisms and application. Chemosphere. 2018; 219 ():1044-1051.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLudovica Silvani; Gerard Cornelissen; Sarah E. Hale. 2018. "Sorption of α-, β-, γ- and δ-hexachlorocyclohexane isomers to three widely different biochars: Sorption mechanisms and application." Chemosphere 219, no. : 1044-1051.
Produced water (PW) represents the largest volume waste stream in oil and gas production operations from most offshore platforms. PW is difficult to monitor as releases are rapidly diluted and concentrations can reach trace levels. The use of passive samplers can over come this. Here polyethylene (PE) was calibrated for a diverse range of PW pollutants. Zebrafish were exposed to dilutions of PW and passive sampler extracts in order to investigate the relationship between freely dissolved chemical concentrations and acute toxic effects. The raw PW had an LC50 of 13% (percentage of PW in the standardized zebrafish medium). Observed non-viable deformations to embryos (at 5 hpf) included heart and yolk edema, head, spine and tail deformations. The dose-response relationship of lethal effects showed that if 0.0041 g of PE is exposed to this PW, then extracted, 50% of exposed D. rerio will suffer lethal effects. The sum of tested freely dissolved concentrations that led to 50% lethal effects (mortality and non-viable deformations) was 2.32 × 10-4 mg/L for PW and 7.92 × 10-2 mg/L for PE. This implies that exposure to raw PW was more toxic than exposure to PE extracts. This toxicity was attributed both to the presence of contaminants as well as PW salinity. Passive samplers are able to detect very low freely dissolved pollutant concentrations which is important for assessing the spatial dilution of PW releases. Bioassays provide complimentary information as they account for all toxic compounds including those that are not taken up by passive samplers.
Sarah E. Hale; Lucia Škulcová; Marek Pípal; Gerard Cornelissen; Amy M.P. Oen; Espen Eek; Lucie Bielská. Monitoring wastewater discharge from the oil and gas industry using passive sampling and Danio rerio bioassay as complimentary tools. Chemosphere 2018, 216, 404 -412.
AMA StyleSarah E. Hale, Lucia Škulcová, Marek Pípal, Gerard Cornelissen, Amy M.P. Oen, Espen Eek, Lucie Bielská. Monitoring wastewater discharge from the oil and gas industry using passive sampling and Danio rerio bioassay as complimentary tools. Chemosphere. 2018; 216 ():404-412.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSarah E. Hale; Lucia Škulcová; Marek Pípal; Gerard Cornelissen; Amy M.P. Oen; Espen Eek; Lucie Bielská. 2018. "Monitoring wastewater discharge from the oil and gas industry using passive sampling and Danio rerio bioassay as complimentary tools." Chemosphere 216, no. : 404-412.
Poor water and nutrient retention are the major soil fertility limitations in the low productivity agricultural soils of Nepal. The addition of biochar to these soils is one way these hindrances can be overcome. In the present study, six different biochar doses (control, 5 t ha−1, 10 t ha−1, 15 t ha−1, 25 t ha−1 and 40 t ha−1) were applied to a moderately acidic silty loam soil from Rasuwa, Nepal and the effects on soil physicochemical properties and maize and mustard yield over three years (i.e., six cropping seasons), were investigated. Biochar addition did not show significant effects on maize and mustard grain yield in the first year, however significant positive effects (p < 0.01) were observed during the second and third years. During the second year, maize grain yield significantly increased by 50%, 47% and 93% and mustard grain yield by 96%, 128% and 134% at 15 t ha−1, 25 t ha−1 and 40 t ha−1 of biochar respectively. A similar significant increase in yield of both crops was observed in the third year. Yields for both maize and mustard correlated significantly (p < 0.001) with plant available P, K+, pH, total OC%, CEC, base saturation, and increased as a function of biochar addition. On the basis of the measured crop yields for the various biochar doses, a cost-benefit analysis was carried out, and gross margin was calculated to optimize biochar dose for local farming practice. Total costs included financial cost (farm input, labor and biochar production cost), health cost and methane emission cost during biochar production. Health costs were a minor factor (<2% of total biochar preparation cost), whereas methane emission costs were significant (up to 30% of biochar cost, depending on the C price). Total income comprised sale of crops and carbon sequestration credits. The cost-benefit analysis showed that the optimal biochar application dose was 15 t ha−1 for all C price scenarios, increasing gross margin by 21% and 53%, respectively, for 0 and 42 US$ per ton CO2 price scenarios. In the current situation, only the 0 US$ price scenario is realistic for rural farmers in Nepal, but this still gives benefits of biochar amendment, which are capped at a 15 t ha−1 biochar addition.
Naba Raj Pandit; Jan Mulder; Sarah E. Hale; Andrew R. Zimmerman; Bishnu Hari Pandit; Gerard Cornelissen. Multi-year double cropping biochar field trials in Nepal: Finding the optimal biochar dose through agronomic trials and cost-benefit analysis. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 637-638, 1333 -1341.
AMA StyleNaba Raj Pandit, Jan Mulder, Sarah E. Hale, Andrew R. Zimmerman, Bishnu Hari Pandit, Gerard Cornelissen. Multi-year double cropping biochar field trials in Nepal: Finding the optimal biochar dose through agronomic trials and cost-benefit analysis. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 637-638 ():1333-1341.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNaba Raj Pandit; Jan Mulder; Sarah E. Hale; Andrew R. Zimmerman; Bishnu Hari Pandit; Gerard Cornelissen. 2018. "Multi-year double cropping biochar field trials in Nepal: Finding the optimal biochar dose through agronomic trials and cost-benefit analysis." Science of The Total Environment 637-638, no. : 1333-1341.
Spatial differentiation in evaluation of environmental impacts in life cycle assessment (LCA) may give more accurate and realistic results, especially in cases where impacts occur at a local or regional scale and where sensitivity of receiving ecosystems differs from generic conditions. However, from a decision maker's perspective it is of interest to investigate whether the use of spatially differentiated impact assessment methods in addition leads to better decisions. Biochar production and agricultural utilization in Indonesia is an example of a micro-level decision-support case where spatial differentiation could be relevant. To study the influence of spatial differentiation on implementation of biochar as a waste management strategy and the choice of best performing biochar production techniques, agricultural utilization systems and geographic locations, comparisons were made between four communities living on different Indonesian islands, three biochar production techniques and two types of fertilizer. Results showed that the differences in impact scores between generic and spatially differentiated impact scores were an order of magnitude different for some of the considered impact categories. These differences influenced the identification of which system performed best when considering total damage to human health, which was mainly due to differences in accounting for impacts arising from water use. By contrast, trade-offs between impact categories combined with relatively small contribution of some spatially differentiated impacts rendered spatial differentiation less relevant with regard to total damage to ecosystems. Total impact scores were influenced to a greater extent by variations in inventories determining environmental burden and benefits, than by differences between generic and spatially differentiated characterization factors. Hence, irrespective of the scenario and type of damage considered, both generic and spatially differentiated assessments showed that implementing biochar technology in Indonesia is expected to bring environmental benefits. It was shown that spatial differentiation in impact assessment did not necessary lead to better decisions in this case study. This may suggest that depending on the goal of the LCA, practitioners should consider potential benefits of implementing spatially differentiated life cycle impact assessment methods as opposed to potential benefits from collecting site-specific inventories.
Mikołaj Owsianiak; Gerard Cornelissen; Sarah E. Hale; Henrik Lindhjem; Magnus Sparrevik. Influence of spatial differentiation in impact assessment for LCA-based decision support: Implementation of biochar technology in Indonesia. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 200, 259 -268.
AMA StyleMikołaj Owsianiak, Gerard Cornelissen, Sarah E. Hale, Henrik Lindhjem, Magnus Sparrevik. Influence of spatial differentiation in impact assessment for LCA-based decision support: Implementation of biochar technology in Indonesia. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 200 ():259-268.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMikołaj Owsianiak; Gerard Cornelissen; Sarah E. Hale; Henrik Lindhjem; Magnus Sparrevik. 2018. "Influence of spatial differentiation in impact assessment for LCA-based decision support: Implementation of biochar technology in Indonesia." Journal of Cleaner Production 200, no. : 259-268.
Heavy clay soils are globally widespread but their poor drainage and poor aeration limit their use for agriculture. This study was designed to test the effect of the amendment of biochar (BC) from woody shrubs on drainage/saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), soil aeration/air capacity, available water capacity and biomass and grain yields of maize. In a field experiment, BC from Gliricidia sepium was applied in planting basins or rip lines at 2.5% and 5% w/w in addition to a control without BC. The maize biomass and grain yields were higher in BC treated plots compared to control (p0.05). In contrast, bulk density decreased linearly by 0.011±0.002 g cm-3 per percent BC added (p<0.001). Ksat and air capacity of the soil were 288 cm day-1 and 30.9%, respectively falling within the generally accepted optimal range. Both Ksat and air capacity followed a significant quadratic relation (p<0.05) upon BC addition, decreasing at low BC doses, reaching a minimum at 3–5% BC and increasing at higher doses. Results allowed a partial attribution of the yield increases to changes in soil physical properties such as changes in bulk density and not clearly to Ksat and air capacity.
Alfred Obia; Jan Mulder; Sarah E. Hale; Neneng Laela Nurida; Gerard Cornelissen. The potential of biochar in improving drainage, aeration and maize yields in heavy clay soils. PLOS ONE 2018, 13, e0196794 .
AMA StyleAlfred Obia, Jan Mulder, Sarah E. Hale, Neneng Laela Nurida, Gerard Cornelissen. The potential of biochar in improving drainage, aeration and maize yields in heavy clay soils. PLOS ONE. 2018; 13 (5):e0196794.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlfred Obia; Jan Mulder; Sarah E. Hale; Neneng Laela Nurida; Gerard Cornelissen. 2018. "The potential of biochar in improving drainage, aeration and maize yields in heavy clay soils." PLOS ONE 13, no. 5: e0196794.
This work addresses the effect of biochar amendment to soil on contaminant sorption, bioavailability, and ecotoxicity. A distinction between positive primary amendment effects caused by reduced toxicity resulting from contaminant sorption, and negative secondary amendment effects of the biochars themselves was seen. Two biochars (one from high technology and one from low technology production processes) representing real world biochars were tested for the adsorption of pyrene, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) 52), and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE). Sorption by both biochars was similar, both for compounds in single and mixed isotherms, in the presence and absence of soil. p,p'-DDE natively contaminated and spiked soils were amended with biochar (0, 1, 5, and 10%) and bioavailability, operationally defined bioaccessibility and ecotoxicity were assessed using polyethylene (PE), polymeric resin (XAD) and Folsomia candida, respectively. At the highest biochar dose (10%), bioavailability and bioaccessibility decreased by >37% and >41%, respectively, compared to unamended soils. Mortality of F. candida was not observed at any biochar dose, while reproductive effects were dose dependent. F. candida benefited from the reduction of p,p'-DDE bioavailability upon 1% and 5% biochar addition to contaminated soils while at 10% dose, these positive effects were nullified by biochar-induced toxicity. p,p'-DDE toxicity corrected for such secondary effects was predicted well by both PE uptake and XAD extraction.
Lucie Bielská; Lucia Škulcová; Natália Neuwirthová; Gerard Cornelissen; Sarah E. Hale. Sorption, bioavailability and ecotoxic effects of hydrophobic organic compounds in biochar amended soils. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 624, 78 -86.
AMA StyleLucie Bielská, Lucia Škulcová, Natália Neuwirthová, Gerard Cornelissen, Sarah E. Hale. Sorption, bioavailability and ecotoxic effects of hydrophobic organic compounds in biochar amended soils. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 624 ():78-86.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLucie Bielská; Lucia Škulcová; Natália Neuwirthová; Gerard Cornelissen; Sarah E. Hale. 2018. "Sorption, bioavailability and ecotoxic effects of hydrophobic organic compounds in biochar amended soils." Science of The Total Environment 624, no. : 78-86.
Low fertility limits crop production on acidic soils dominating much of the humid tropics. Biochar may be used as a soil enhancer, but little consensus exists on its effect on crop yield. Here we use a controlled, replicated and long-term field study in Sumatra, Indonesia, to investigate the longevity and mechanism of the effects of two contrasting biochars (produced from rice husk and cacao shell, and applied at dosages of 5 and 15 t ha−1) on maize production in a highly acidic Ultisol (pHKCl 3.6). Compared to rice husk biochar, cacao shell biochar exhibited a higher pH (9.8 vs. 8.4), CEC (197 vs. 20 cmolc kg−1) and acid neutralizing capacity (217 vs. 45 cmolc kg−1) and thus had a greater liming potential. Crop yield effects of cacao shell biochar (15 t ha−1) were also much stronger than those of rice husk biochar, and could be related to more favorable Ca/Al ratios in response to cacao shell biochar (1.0 to 1.5) compared to rice husk biochar (0.3 to 0.6) and nonamended plots (0.15 to 0.6). The maize yield obtained with the cacao shell biochar peaked in season 2, continued to have a good effect in seasons 3–4, and faded in season 5. The yield effect of the rice husk biochar was less pronounced and already faded from season 2 onwards. Crop yields were correlated with the pH-related parameters Ca/Al ratio, base saturation and exchangeable K. The positive effects of cocoa shell biochar on crop yield in this Ultisol were at least in part related to alleviation of soil acidity. The fading effectiveness after multiple growth seasons, possibly due to leaching of the biochar-associated alkalinity, indicates that 15 t ha−1 of cocoa shell biochar needs to be applied approximately every third season in order to maintain positive effects on yield.
Gerard Cornelissen; Jubaedah; Neneng L. Nurida; Sarah E. Hale; Vegard Martinsen; Ludovica Silvani; Jan Mulder. Fading positive effect of biochar on crop yield and soil acidity during five growth seasons in an Indonesian Ultisol. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 634, 561 -568.
AMA StyleGerard Cornelissen, Jubaedah, Neneng L. Nurida, Sarah E. Hale, Vegard Martinsen, Ludovica Silvani, Jan Mulder. Fading positive effect of biochar on crop yield and soil acidity during five growth seasons in an Indonesian Ultisol. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 634 ():561-568.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGerard Cornelissen; Jubaedah; Neneng L. Nurida; Sarah E. Hale; Vegard Martinsen; Ludovica Silvani; Jan Mulder. 2018. "Fading positive effect of biochar on crop yield and soil acidity during five growth seasons in an Indonesian Ultisol." Science of The Total Environment 634, no. : 561-568.
This work presents the results of an international interlaboratory comparison on ex situ passive sampling in sediments. The main objectives were to map the state of the science in passively sampling sediments, identify sources of variability, provide recommendations and practical guidance for standardized passive sampling, and advance the use of passive sampling in regulatory decision making by increasing confidence in the use of the technique. The study was performed by a consortium of 11 laboratories and included experiments with 14 passive sampling formats on 3 sediments for 25 target chemicals (PAHs and PCBs). The resulting overall interlaboratory variability was large (a factor of ∼10), but standardization of methods halved this variability. The remaining variability was primarily due to factors not related to passive sampling itself, i.e., sediment heterogeneity and analytical chemistry. Excluding the latter source of variability, by performing all analyses in one laboratory, showed that passive sampling results can have a high precision and a very low intermethod variability (
Michiel T. O. Jonker; Stephan A. van der Heijden; Dave Adelman; Jennifer N. Apell; Robert M. Burgess; Yongju Choi; Loretta A. Fernandez; Geanna M. Flavetta; Upal Ghosh; Philip M. Gschwend; Sarah E. Hale; Mehregan Jalalizadeh; Mohammed Khairy; Mark A. Lampi; Wenjian Lao; Rainer Lohmann; Michael J. Lydy; Keith A. Maruya; Samuel A. Nutile; Amy M. P. Oen; Magdalena I. Rakowska; Danny Reible; Tatsiana P. Rusina; Foppe Smedes; Yanwen Wu. Advancing the Use of Passive Sampling in Risk Assessment and Management of Sediments Contaminated with Hydrophobic Organic Chemicals: Results of an International Ex Situ Passive Sampling Interlaboratory Comparison. Environmental Science & Technology 2018, 52, 3574 -3582.
AMA StyleMichiel T. O. Jonker, Stephan A. van der Heijden, Dave Adelman, Jennifer N. Apell, Robert M. Burgess, Yongju Choi, Loretta A. Fernandez, Geanna M. Flavetta, Upal Ghosh, Philip M. Gschwend, Sarah E. Hale, Mehregan Jalalizadeh, Mohammed Khairy, Mark A. Lampi, Wenjian Lao, Rainer Lohmann, Michael J. Lydy, Keith A. Maruya, Samuel A. Nutile, Amy M. P. Oen, Magdalena I. Rakowska, Danny Reible, Tatsiana P. Rusina, Foppe Smedes, Yanwen Wu. Advancing the Use of Passive Sampling in Risk Assessment and Management of Sediments Contaminated with Hydrophobic Organic Chemicals: Results of an International Ex Situ Passive Sampling Interlaboratory Comparison. Environmental Science & Technology. 2018; 52 (6):3574-3582.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichiel T. O. Jonker; Stephan A. van der Heijden; Dave Adelman; Jennifer N. Apell; Robert M. Burgess; Yongju Choi; Loretta A. Fernandez; Geanna M. Flavetta; Upal Ghosh; Philip M. Gschwend; Sarah E. Hale; Mehregan Jalalizadeh; Mohammed Khairy; Mark A. Lampi; Wenjian Lao; Rainer Lohmann; Michael J. Lydy; Keith A. Maruya; Samuel A. Nutile; Amy M. P. Oen; Magdalena I. Rakowska; Danny Reible; Tatsiana P. Rusina; Foppe Smedes; Yanwen Wu. 2018. "Advancing the Use of Passive Sampling in Risk Assessment and Management of Sediments Contaminated with Hydrophobic Organic Chemicals: Results of an International Ex Situ Passive Sampling Interlaboratory Comparison." Environmental Science & Technology 52, no. 6: 3574-3582.
The addition of biochar to soils can improve soil fertility and increase agricultural productivity. We carried out a field experiment in which biochar produced from Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp. was added to low-fertility Brazilian planosol and tested to increase the yield of maize (Zea mays) and snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in sequential, organic cultivation. Biochar was applied at a 15 t/ha rate, combined or not with Azospirillum Brasiliense inoculation and organic fertilizer (Bokashi). The application of biochar resulted in an increase in soil pH and of the content of macronutrients such as phosphorus and potassium. Contrary to evidence from elsewhere, biochar had a limited effect on increasing maize yield. In the case of beans, when combined with fertilizer, biochar increased the production of beans pods and biomass, but the significant increase was observed only for inoculation. Beans are the principal component of Brazilian diet and increasing productivity of beans is of upmost importance for the poorest in Brazil, and in other tropical countries.
Ana Castro; Nilcileny Da Silva Batista; Agnieszka Latawiec; Aline Rodrigues; Bernardo Strassburg; Daniel Silva; Ednaldo Araujo; Luiz De Moraes; Jose Guerra; Gabriel Galvão; Helena Alves-Pinto; Maiara Mendes; Juliana Dos Santos; Marcio Rangel; Mariela Figueredo; Gerard Cornelissen; Sarah Hale. The Effects of Gliricidia-Derived Biochar on Sequential Maize and Bean Farming. Sustainability 2018, 10, 578 .
AMA StyleAna Castro, Nilcileny Da Silva Batista, Agnieszka Latawiec, Aline Rodrigues, Bernardo Strassburg, Daniel Silva, Ednaldo Araujo, Luiz De Moraes, Jose Guerra, Gabriel Galvão, Helena Alves-Pinto, Maiara Mendes, Juliana Dos Santos, Marcio Rangel, Mariela Figueredo, Gerard Cornelissen, Sarah Hale. The Effects of Gliricidia-Derived Biochar on Sequential Maize and Bean Farming. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (3):578.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna Castro; Nilcileny Da Silva Batista; Agnieszka Latawiec; Aline Rodrigues; Bernardo Strassburg; Daniel Silva; Ednaldo Araujo; Luiz De Moraes; Jose Guerra; Gabriel Galvão; Helena Alves-Pinto; Maiara Mendes; Juliana Dos Santos; Marcio Rangel; Mariela Figueredo; Gerard Cornelissen; Sarah Hale. 2018. "The Effects of Gliricidia-Derived Biochar on Sequential Maize and Bean Farming." Sustainability 10, no. 3: 578.
We studied the role of biochar in improving soil fertility for maize production. The effects of biochar on the alleviation of three potential physical-chemical soil limitations for maize growth were investigated, i.e. water stress, nutrient stress and acid stress. Experiments involved soils with two dosages of biochar (0.5% and 2% w:w), as well as ones without biochar, in combination with four different dosages of NPK fertilizer, water and lime. Biochar was produced from the invasive shrubby weed Eupatorium adenophorum using flame curtain kilns. This is the first study to alleviate one by one the water stress, nutrient stress and acid stress in order to investigate the mechanisms of biochar effects on soil fertility. Biochar addition increased soil moisture, potassium (K) and plant available phosphorous (P-AL), which all showed significant positive relationship (p < 0.001) with above ground biomass of maize. However, biochar was much more effective at abundant soil watering (+ 311% biomass) than at water-starved conditions (+ 67% biomass), indicating that biochar did increase soil moisture, but that this was not the main reason for the positive biomass growth effects. Biochar addition did have a stronger effect under nutrient-stressed conditions (+ 363%) than under abundant nutrient application (+ 132%). Biochar amendment increased soil pH, but liming and pH had no effect on maize dry biomass, so acidity stress alleviation was not the mechanism of biochar effects on soil fertility. In conclusion, the alleviation of nutrient stress was the probably the main factor contributing to the increased maize biomass production upon biochar addition to this moderately acidic Inceptisol.
Naba Raj Pandit; Jan Mulder; Sarah E. Hale; Vegard Martinsen; Hans-Peter Schmidt; Gerard Cornelissen. Biochar improves maize growth by alleviation of nutrient stress in a moderately acidic low-input Nepalese soil. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 625, 1380 -1389.
AMA StyleNaba Raj Pandit, Jan Mulder, Sarah E. Hale, Vegard Martinsen, Hans-Peter Schmidt, Gerard Cornelissen. Biochar improves maize growth by alleviation of nutrient stress in a moderately acidic low-input Nepalese soil. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 625 ():1380-1389.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNaba Raj Pandit; Jan Mulder; Sarah E. Hale; Vegard Martinsen; Hans-Peter Schmidt; Gerard Cornelissen. 2018. "Biochar improves maize growth by alleviation of nutrient stress in a moderately acidic low-input Nepalese soil." Science of The Total Environment 625, no. : 1380-1389.