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Ghulam Rasool Madni
Department of Economics and Business Administration, Lower Mall Campus, University of Education, Lahore 54000, Pakistan

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Journal article
Published: 28 April 2021 in Sustainability
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It is widely accepted that the economic and social system may be more efficient by reforming institutions. Institutional reforms are attempts to change the rules affecting human interactions and these reforms are fundamental for development and economic prosperity. The reforms can be divided into two categories; political and economic institutional reforms. It is need of the hour to determine the category of reform that is more suitable for developing countries. Moreover, a vast literature describes the impact of institutional reforms but little focused on exploring their impacts on macroeconomic activities. So, this study is an effort to determine the impact of institutional reforms on macroeconomic variables by considering the panel data of 122 developing countries covering the time span from 1996 to 2019. The study applied treatment analysis using the difference-in-differences technique to gauge the effects of reforms. Besides, it will be interesting to know the causes triggering the institutional reforms in developing countries. The findings of the study reveal that economic reforms are more important as compared with political reforms to grow the economies. The countries focusing on political reforms are not able to overcome the economic crisis. Moreover, both types of reforms do not cause each other in these countries.

ACS Style

Jin Zhao; Ghulam Madni; Muhammad Anwar; Syeda Zahra. Institutional Reforms and Their Impact on Economic Growth and Investment in Developing Countries. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4941 .

AMA Style

Jin Zhao, Ghulam Madni, Muhammad Anwar, Syeda Zahra. Institutional Reforms and Their Impact on Economic Growth and Investment in Developing Countries. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (9):4941.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jin Zhao; Ghulam Madni; Muhammad Anwar; Syeda Zahra. 2021. "Institutional Reforms and Their Impact on Economic Growth and Investment in Developing Countries." Sustainability 13, no. 9: 4941.

Article
Published: 04 March 2021 in Journal of the Knowledge Economy
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Preventing the environment is a gigantic challenge for policy-makers as well as for researchers nowadays. The environment is not distressed by only economic activities, but social factors like institutional quality, ethnic diversity, and political freedom also play an important role for environmental performance in developing economies. This paper is an effort explaining the impact of social, political, and economic activities on environment in 116 developing economies for the time span of 1996–2019. For the purpose, panel autoregressive distributed lags technique is employed to determine long-run relation among variables. The findings of the study reveal that GDP growth, financial sector, and energy consumption in these economies are causing to increase the carbon dioxide emissions while institutional quality, ethnic fractionalization, and political freedom have their crucial role to reduce the level of environmental deterioration. The policy-makers may adopt a policy of social interconnection among various ethnic groups, high-quality institutions, political freedom to all, and inclusive financial development for less pollutant environment in these economies.

ACS Style

Ghulam Rasool Madni; Muhammad Awais Anwar; Nawaz Ahmad. Socio-economic Determinants of Environmental Performance in Developing Countries. Journal of the Knowledge Economy 2021, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Ghulam Rasool Madni, Muhammad Awais Anwar, Nawaz Ahmad. Socio-economic Determinants of Environmental Performance in Developing Countries. Journal of the Knowledge Economy. 2021; ():1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ghulam Rasool Madni; Muhammad Awais Anwar; Nawaz Ahmad. 2021. "Socio-economic Determinants of Environmental Performance in Developing Countries." Journal of the Knowledge Economy , no. : 1-12.

Research article
Published: 14 January 2021 in PLOS ONE
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The effects of economic development on natural environment is explored by momentous literature, this study focuses on exploring the role of institutional quality for environmental protection in the selected One Belt One Road (OBOR) economies. The main goal of the paper is to find the threshold level of institutional quality that may minimize CO2 emissions in the atmosphere due to widespread industrialization and transportation. The data is selected for the panel of 33 OBOR economies over the time period of 1986–2018. The panel threshold regression technique is applied to determine the threshold level of institutional quality. The estimated results of the study reveal that 2.315 is the threshold level of institutional quality in selected partner OBOR countries. If quality of institutions is above the threshold level then CO2 emission do not contribute significantly for environmental deterioration in spite of growing industrialization and transportation and vice versa. The study emphasized to improve the institutional quality up to threshold level to get potential gains from industrialization and transportation.

ACS Style

Qiong Wu; Ghulam Rasool Madni. Environmental protection in selected one belt one road economies through institutional quality: Prospering transportation and industrialization. PLOS ONE 2021, 16, e0240851 .

AMA Style

Qiong Wu, Ghulam Rasool Madni. Environmental protection in selected one belt one road economies through institutional quality: Prospering transportation and industrialization. PLOS ONE. 2021; 16 (1):e0240851.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qiong Wu; Ghulam Rasool Madni. 2021. "Environmental protection in selected one belt one road economies through institutional quality: Prospering transportation and industrialization." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1: e0240851.

Research article
Published: 27 August 2020 in PLoS ONE
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Several factors influence the environmental performance simultaneously but ethnic fractionalization, political freedom, financial development and institutional quality have a substantial impact to explain the environmental performance across economies. This study focuses to explore that how environmental performance is affected by these economic, political and social indicators by using the annual data of 163 developed and developing countries covering the time period of 1996-2016.The data is collected from World Development Indicators, World Governance Indicators, Freedom House and Cline Centre. The stationarity of variables is analyzed through LLC, IPS and ADF Fisher Chi-square test. Before applying panel ARDL approach to find out the long run relationship among variables, order of integration is determined through Pedroni’s cointegration test. The findings of study highlight that ethnic diversity; institutional quality and political freedom play a significant role to decrease CO2emissions while energy consumption, GDP growth and financial development are increasing the environmental degradation. Ethnic diversity is a source of creative and innovative approaches about problem solving of environmental degradation. Political freedom allows people to participate in decision making that posits much compliance with environmental agreements. The foreign direct investment is attracted by good quality institutions which cause to advent of more environment friendly technology along with attractions for further innovations that may helpful to reduce CO2 emissions. Contrary, GDP growth, financial development and energy consumption enhance the industrialization and urbanization leading to increase the level of CO2 emissions. It is suggested for policy makers that cohesion among different ethnic groups; improving institutional quality; providing political freedom to people and inclusive financial sector will acknowledge the less pollutant environment.

ACS Style

Chong Wang; Peter W. Cardon; Jing Liu; Ghulam Rasool Madni. Social and economic factors responsible for environmental performance: A global analysis. PLoS ONE 2020, 15, e0237597 .

AMA Style

Chong Wang, Peter W. Cardon, Jing Liu, Ghulam Rasool Madni. Social and economic factors responsible for environmental performance: A global analysis. PLoS ONE. 2020; 15 (8):e0237597.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chong Wang; Peter W. Cardon; Jing Liu; Ghulam Rasool Madni. 2020. "Social and economic factors responsible for environmental performance: A global analysis." PLoS ONE 15, no. 8: e0237597.

Research article
Published: 29 July 2020 in International Journal of Finance & Economics
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Institutional role to perpetuate the relationship between financial development and income inequality has significant importance from policy perspectives. The broadening income inequality and its procurement through financial sector is attracting the worldwide attention of researchers now days. This study is an attempt to investigate the relationship of income inequality and financial development varying with level of institutional quality. To this end, unbalanced panel data set for 124 countries covering the time span 1990–2015 is used applying the instrumental variable threshold regression approach. The estimated results highlight that embedded efficient institutional framework of a country assures more income equality with financial development. Moreover, GDP growth increases the income inequality if institutional quality is below the threshold level while educational attainment is a major factor to decrease it. In respect of policy implications, financial sector may be fruity to overcome income inequality if policy makers bring the level of institutional quality up to threshold level of that country.

ACS Style

Ghulam Rasool Madni; Awais Anwar. Meditation for level of institutional quality to combat income inequality through financial development. International Journal of Finance & Economics 2020, 26, 2766 -2775.

AMA Style

Ghulam Rasool Madni, Awais Anwar. Meditation for level of institutional quality to combat income inequality through financial development. International Journal of Finance & Economics. 2020; 26 (2):2766-2775.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ghulam Rasool Madni; Awais Anwar. 2020. "Meditation for level of institutional quality to combat income inequality through financial development." International Journal of Finance & Economics 26, no. 2: 2766-2775.

Research article
Published: 27 December 2019 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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Belt and Road initiative has been proposed by China to initiate the cooperation among relevant countries in sector of energy and Trade. The study investigate highlighting the relationship between industrial value added per capita, transport freight and CO2 emission among the partner countries of Belt and Road initiatives by using panel of 33 economies from 1986-2017. Study includes panel autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) to estimate the long-run relationship among variables. Estimated results of pool mean group (PMG) indicates that increase in industrial value added per capita and transport freight deteriorates the quality of environment in long-run. However, short-run results of granger causality reveals positive and unidirectional causality running from industrial value added per capita to emission of CO2 while transport freight and CO2 emission shows bidirectional causality. The study emphasized to formulate environment friendly policies in industrial and transport sector.

ACS Style

Awais Anwar; Nawaz Ahmad; Ghulam Rasool Madni. Industrialization, Freight Transport and Environmental Quality: Evidence from Belt and Road Initiative Economies. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2019, 27, 7053 -7070.

AMA Style

Awais Anwar, Nawaz Ahmad, Ghulam Rasool Madni. Industrialization, Freight Transport and Environmental Quality: Evidence from Belt and Road Initiative Economies. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2019; 27 (7):7053-7070.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Awais Anwar; Nawaz Ahmad; Ghulam Rasool Madni. 2019. "Industrialization, Freight Transport and Environmental Quality: Evidence from Belt and Road Initiative Economies." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 7: 7053-7070.

Journal article
Published: 30 July 2019 in International and Multidisciplinary Journal of Social Sciences
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This study is an effort to explore the determinants of violent crimes by using the panel data of 34 countries covering the time span from 2000 to 2014. The robust least square technique is applied for empirical analysis. The findings of the study reveal that the economic complexity, institutions and per capita income have significant negative impact while economic misery and population growth have significant positive relationship on violent crimes. Moreover, efficient institutions have prime importance to curb the crimes in a society. The better provision of knowledge and highly skilled labor force in an efficient institutional environment for alleviation of crimes is suggested as a policy tool. Additionally, serious efforts to decrease the economic misery and population growth are need of the hour to overcome the crimes.

ACS Style

Ghulam Rasool Madni; Bismillah Khan. Siege of Violent Crimes through Economic Complexity and Institutions. International and Multidisciplinary Journal of Social Sciences 2019, 8, 146 .

AMA Style

Ghulam Rasool Madni, Bismillah Khan. Siege of Violent Crimes through Economic Complexity and Institutions. International and Multidisciplinary Journal of Social Sciences. 2019; 8 (2):146.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ghulam Rasool Madni; Bismillah Khan. 2019. "Siege of Violent Crimes through Economic Complexity and Institutions." International and Multidisciplinary Journal of Social Sciences 8, no. 2: 146.

Article
Published: 16 May 2018 in Social Indicators Research
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Institutions play a vital role for smooth and sustained functioning of economies as well as to excel the living standard of economic agents but there is no consensus upon factors explaining the institutional quality. This study is an attempt of how ethnic diversity, income inequality and public spending are encompassed to affect the institutional quality, illustrated by the example of a developing country, Pakistan, applying ARDL approach covering time span of 1984–2015. It is found that ethnic diversity and income inequality are associated with deterioration of institutions and public spending is likely to improve them. Ethnic diversity has to be managed endogenously to avoid its adverse effects on institutions while there is dire need to squeeze the widening gap between rich and poor. The findings of the study reveal that public spending needs to be contribute more at present for building the institutional quality.

ACS Style

Ghulam Rasool Madni. Probing Institutional Quality Through Ethnic Diversity, Income Inequality and Public Spending. Social Indicators Research 2018, 142, 581 -595.

AMA Style

Ghulam Rasool Madni. Probing Institutional Quality Through Ethnic Diversity, Income Inequality and Public Spending. Social Indicators Research. 2018; 142 (2):581-595.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ghulam Rasool Madni. 2018. "Probing Institutional Quality Through Ethnic Diversity, Income Inequality and Public Spending." Social Indicators Research 142, no. 2: 581-595.