This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
Pakistan is facing severe water shortages, so using the available water efficiently is essential for maximizing crop production. This can be achieved through efficient irrigation practices. Field studies were carried out to determine the dynamics of soil water and the efficiency of water utilization for maize grown under five irrigation techniques (flood-irrigated flatbed, furrow-irrigated ridge, furrow-irrigated raised bed, furrow-irrigated raised bed with plastic mulch, and sprinkler-irrigated flatbed). Spring and summer maize was grown for two years. The Irrigation Management System (IManSys) was used to estimate the irrigation requirements, evapotranspiration, and other water balance components for this study’s different experimental treatments based on site-specific crop, soil, and weather parameters. The results showed that the flood irrigation flatbed (FIF) treatment produced the highest evapotranspiration, leaf area index (LAI), and biomass yield compared to other treatments. However, this treatment did not produce the highest grain yield and had the lowest water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (WUEi) compared to the furrow-irrigated raised-bed treatment. The furrow-irrigated raised bed with plastic mulch (FIRBM) treatment improved grain yield, WUE, WUEi , and harvest index compared to the flood irrigation flatbed (FIF) treatment. The results showed a strong correlation between measured and estimated net irrigation requirements and evapotranspiration, with high r 2 values (0.93, 0.99, 0.98, and 0.98) for the spring- and summer-sown maize. It was concluded that the FIRBM treatments improved the grain yield, WUE, and WUEi, which ultimately enhanced sustainable crop production. The growing of summer-sown maize in Pakistan has the potential for sustainable maize production under the semiarid and arid climate.
Abdul Khan; Muhammad Imran; Anwar-Ul-Hassan Khan; Ali Fares; Jiří Šimůnek; Tanveer Ul-Haq; Abdulaziz Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni; Shafaqat Ali. Performance of Spring and Summer-Sown Maize under Different Irrigation Strategies in Pakistan. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2757 .
AMA StyleAbdul Khan, Muhammad Imran, Anwar-Ul-Hassan Khan, Ali Fares, Jiří Šimůnek, Tanveer Ul-Haq, Abdulaziz Alsahli, Mohammed Alyemeni, Shafaqat Ali. Performance of Spring and Summer-Sown Maize under Different Irrigation Strategies in Pakistan. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2757.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdul Khan; Muhammad Imran; Anwar-Ul-Hassan Khan; Ali Fares; Jiří Šimůnek; Tanveer Ul-Haq; Abdulaziz Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni; Shafaqat Ali. 2021. "Performance of Spring and Summer-Sown Maize under Different Irrigation Strategies in Pakistan." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2757.
Continuous use of mineral fertilizers can worsen soil quality, leading to declining productivity and soil pollution. An effective integrated fertilizer strategy is required to help the agriculture cropping system to apply nutrients according to the site-specific need. Thus, to explore the role of application of site-specific and integrated nutrient management (INM), treatments containing 02 fertilizer doses and 03 management techniques for the application of soil organic matter (SOM), P & K were studied in Punjab Pakistan’s rice-wheat system. It is noted that the level of SOM can be improved by repeated application of the Municipal Solid Waste Compost (MSWC). INM treatments contributed a nonsignificant increase of 7% to 10% in the level of SOM relative to the initial level of 0.82%. The target soil P level of 19.0 ppm is achieved in this study by following a McLean model that is very close to the recommended P level of 21.0 ppm. There is also a decreasing trend in soil level K and negative balance K. Site-specific application of fertilizer envisages the superiority of 6.2% increase in soil P over conventional application in spite of the fact that the total site-recipe of P was 341.0 kg ha-1 applied is very lower than conventionally applied P which was 600.0 kg ha-1 in three years. Ranking of the best to the least favorable indices is documented as P>SOM>K.
Muhammad Akram Qazi; Naveed Iqbal Khan; Farah Umar; Ashfaq Ahmad Rahi; Saima Nazar; Niaz Ahmed; Abdul Ghaffar; Khalid Mehmood Mughal; Imtiaz Ahmad Warraich; Zubaida Hamid; Mahreen Khalid; Umair Riaz. Integrated and Site-Specific Fertilizer Application Role in Rice-Wheat Cropping System. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 2021, 30, 1777 -1784.
AMA StyleMuhammad Akram Qazi, Naveed Iqbal Khan, Farah Umar, Ashfaq Ahmad Rahi, Saima Nazar, Niaz Ahmed, Abdul Ghaffar, Khalid Mehmood Mughal, Imtiaz Ahmad Warraich, Zubaida Hamid, Mahreen Khalid, Umair Riaz. Integrated and Site-Specific Fertilizer Application Role in Rice-Wheat Cropping System. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 2021; 30 (2):1777-1784.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Akram Qazi; Naveed Iqbal Khan; Farah Umar; Ashfaq Ahmad Rahi; Saima Nazar; Niaz Ahmed; Abdul Ghaffar; Khalid Mehmood Mughal; Imtiaz Ahmad Warraich; Zubaida Hamid; Mahreen Khalid; Umair Riaz. 2021. "Integrated and Site-Specific Fertilizer Application Role in Rice-Wheat Cropping System." Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 30, no. 2: 1777-1784.