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The effects of the density and thickness of samples made from used cigarette butts on acoustic characteristics were analyzed in this study. All the analyzed samples showed high acoustic performance, indicating that the fabrication of acoustic absorbing material may be a good use for this problematic waste (due to its toxicity, continuous generation, lack of recycling method, etc.). An increase in either density or thickness shifted the absorption characteristics of the samples to lower frequencies and increased the overall absorption. The relationships of the frequency and value of the maximum absorption coefficient with thickness and/or density were analyzed. The shift of the maximum absorption coefficient value due to varying thickness is in good agreement with previous studies.
Valentín Gómez Escobar; Celia Moreno González; Guillermo Rey Gozalo. Analysis of the Influence of Thickness and Density on Acoustic Absorption of Materials Made from Used Cigarette Butts. Materials 2021, 14, 4524 .
AMA StyleValentín Gómez Escobar, Celia Moreno González, Guillermo Rey Gozalo. Analysis of the Influence of Thickness and Density on Acoustic Absorption of Materials Made from Used Cigarette Butts. Materials. 2021; 14 (16):4524.
Chicago/Turabian StyleValentín Gómez Escobar; Celia Moreno González; Guillermo Rey Gozalo. 2021. "Analysis of the Influence of Thickness and Density on Acoustic Absorption of Materials Made from Used Cigarette Butts." Materials 14, no. 16: 4524.
Noise levels measured in 27 cities with different areas (from 0.6 km2 to 59.27 km2) and populations (from approximately 2000 to 70,000 inhabitants) were compared with respect to five different urban characteristics (population, area, total street length, density, and linear density). Comparisons were conducted for both overall city noise levels and noise registered on five types of roads with different functionality using the Categorisation Method. The results showed that four of the five cities’ characteristics presented a significant correlation with the noise levels (all except for density). The calculated correlations were better for noise levels in the different categories than the overall noise values, with higher explained variability on the streets with more traffic. Therefore, the road categorisation method can be used not only to assess the noise variations within cities, but also to better explain the effect of noise on the analysed city characteristics. The results of the calculated relationships enable the estimation of noise levels both currently and in future urban developments of noise values on different types of streets.
Juan Miguel Barrigón Morillas; Guillermo Rey Gozalo; David Montes-González; Rosendo Vílchez-Gómez; Valentín Gómez Escobar. Variability of traffic noise pollution levels as a function of city size variables. Environmental Research 2021, 199, 111303 .
AMA StyleJuan Miguel Barrigón Morillas, Guillermo Rey Gozalo, David Montes-González, Rosendo Vílchez-Gómez, Valentín Gómez Escobar. Variability of traffic noise pollution levels as a function of city size variables. Environmental Research. 2021; 199 ():111303.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan Miguel Barrigón Morillas; Guillermo Rey Gozalo; David Montes-González; Rosendo Vílchez-Gómez; Valentín Gómez Escobar. 2021. "Variability of traffic noise pollution levels as a function of city size variables." Environmental Research 199, no. : 111303.
Birds generate vocalisations (songs and calls) to communicate. Acoustic communication may be hindered by habitat features so birds can use several strategies to favour sound transmission. Sound transmission depends on the acoustic properties of their habitats. Scree slopes, also known as ‘pedrizas’, are frequent in the Mediterranean forests of south and central western Spain. As the acoustic properties of these rocky grounds might favour sound transmission, we propose that birds might actively use ‘pedrizas’ to increase sound transmission. We assessed the following prediction of the hypothesis: the number of vocalisations recorded should be higher near the ‘pedrizas’ than in forest areas far away from ‘pedrizas’. Using portable recorders in the Mediterranean forest of Monfragüe National Park, we found that the number of recorded vocalisations was higher near the ‘pedrizas’. As this result was not due to differences in species richness, we consider it supports the prediction of the hypothesis. This is new evidence that birds might use a natural element within their habitat to increase sound transmission.
J. Pérez–González; G. Rey Gozalo; D. Montes González; S. J. Hidalgo de Trucios; J. M. Barrigón Morillas. Are quartzite scree slopes used by birds to promote sound transmission in the Mediterranean forest? Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 2021, 175 -194.
AMA StyleJ. Pérez–González, G. Rey Gozalo, D. Montes González, S. J. Hidalgo de Trucios, J. M. Barrigón Morillas. Are quartzite scree slopes used by birds to promote sound transmission in the Mediterranean forest? Animal Biodiversity and Conservation. 2021; ():175-194.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Pérez–González; G. Rey Gozalo; D. Montes González; S. J. Hidalgo de Trucios; J. M. Barrigón Morillas. 2021. "Are quartzite scree slopes used by birds to promote sound transmission in the Mediterranean forest?" Animal Biodiversity and Conservation , no. : 175-194.
In this study, the differences between calculated and measured noise values were evaluated in situ through more than 550 measurements in two Ibero-American cities. These categorisation method-based noise measurements were performed at 216 sampling points located on five different types of urban roads. Two different calculation methods were used for noise modelling—XPS 31–133 and CNOSSOS-EU. In addition to the magnitude and average of the uncertainties, their biases were evaluated independently in the calculation. These uncertainties were analysed overall for each city and considering the type of urban road. The relationship between road traffic characteristics (flow and percentage for each vehicle class) and the type of uncertainty was also studied. A high percentage of the uncertainties of both methods are lower than 3 dB in both cities. However, the calculation methods are different from each other in terms of the distribution of errors for the various types of urban roads and the bias of the estimates. The XPS 31–133 method provides the worst estimates for sound measurements performed on residential streets, whereas the CNOSSOS method presents the largest estimation errors on main streets. In terms of the bias, the XPS 31–133 method overestimates the noise values, primarily in residential streets; this overestimation is explained by the increase in the flow and percentage of medium heavy vehicles. On the other hand, the CNOSSOS-EU method underestimates the noise values in a high percentage of measurements performed on the various types of urban roads. This underestimation is significantly related to the increase in light vehicles flow.
Guillermo Rey Gozalo; Valentín Gómez Escobar. Uncertainty evaluation of road traffic noise models in two Ibero-American cities. Applied Acoustics 2021, 180, 108134 .
AMA StyleGuillermo Rey Gozalo, Valentín Gómez Escobar. Uncertainty evaluation of road traffic noise models in two Ibero-American cities. Applied Acoustics. 2021; 180 ():108134.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuillermo Rey Gozalo; Valentín Gómez Escobar. 2021. "Uncertainty evaluation of road traffic noise models in two Ibero-American cities." Applied Acoustics 180, no. : 108134.
A characterization of the sound absorption of a sustainable material with scarce current use such as natural virgin cork is presented in this paper in order to explore further possible applications in the design of acoustic solutions. Different samples of virgin cork not bonded and various decorative panel formats were tested under random sound incidence conditions in a standardized reverberation chamber. The samples in which the outer bark of the cork was facing upwards showed a better behavior as an acoustic absorber, with sound absorption coefficient values generally greater than 0.6 for frequency bands between 1 and 5 kHz. The results obtained were compared with samples of some recycled materials available in the scientific literature, such as sheep wool and PET.
Juan Barrigón Morillas; David Montes González; Rosendo Vílchez-Gómez; Valentín Gómez Escobar; Rubén Maderuelo-Sanz; Guillermo Rey Gozalo; Pedro Atanasio Moraga. Virgin Natural Cork Characterization as a Sustainable Material for Use in Acoustic Solutions. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4976 .
AMA StyleJuan Barrigón Morillas, David Montes González, Rosendo Vílchez-Gómez, Valentín Gómez Escobar, Rubén Maderuelo-Sanz, Guillermo Rey Gozalo, Pedro Atanasio Moraga. Virgin Natural Cork Characterization as a Sustainable Material for Use in Acoustic Solutions. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (9):4976.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan Barrigón Morillas; David Montes González; Rosendo Vílchez-Gómez; Valentín Gómez Escobar; Rubén Maderuelo-Sanz; Guillermo Rey Gozalo; Pedro Atanasio Moraga. 2021. "Virgin Natural Cork Characterization as a Sustainable Material for Use in Acoustic Solutions." Sustainability 13, no. 9: 4976.
Juan Miguel Barrigón Morillas; Rubén Maderuelo-Sanz; Pedro Atanasio-Moraga; Valentín Gómez Escobar; Rosendo Vílchez-Gómez; Guillermo Rey Gozalo; David Montes González. Short note: Virgin cork, a possible environmentally friendly by-product of the cork with acoustic properties for its use inside dwellings? Wood Research 2020, 65, 1025 -1030.
AMA StyleJuan Miguel Barrigón Morillas, Rubén Maderuelo-Sanz, Pedro Atanasio-Moraga, Valentín Gómez Escobar, Rosendo Vílchez-Gómez, Guillermo Rey Gozalo, David Montes González. Short note: Virgin cork, a possible environmentally friendly by-product of the cork with acoustic properties for its use inside dwellings? Wood Research. 2020; 65 (6):1025-1030.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan Miguel Barrigón Morillas; Rubén Maderuelo-Sanz; Pedro Atanasio-Moraga; Valentín Gómez Escobar; Rosendo Vílchez-Gómez; Guillermo Rey Gozalo; David Montes González. 2020. "Short note: Virgin cork, a possible environmentally friendly by-product of the cork with acoustic properties for its use inside dwellings?" Wood Research 65, no. 6: 1025-1030.
The European Noise Directive proposes using strategic noise maps as tools to assess populations affected by environmental noise. It recommends using computational methods instead of in situ measurements when possible. A sound source’s emission power is an important factor in the calculation of noise indicators. For traffic noise, this parameter is usually defined based on vehicle flow considering an emission spectrum that depends on the type of vehicle and its speed. This study analysed the possibility of using the categorisation method to propose an alternative method of defining a sound source’s emission power to develop noise maps. This was accomplished using previously published values of the emission power per unit length. Another method is also proposed that estimates traffic flows. To verify their estimation capacity, the results of both methods were compared with the values obtained from in situ measurements. The results demonstrated similar uncertainties in both methods and were in the range of expected average uncertainties compared to the results obtained by calculating a noise map with the measured experimental values. In particular, for the differences between calculations and measurements, in absolute values, the mean uncertainties were approximately 2 dBA in estimating different long-term noise indicators. For the differences, the mean of the uncertainties obtained via the categorisation method did not present significant differences for the null value for all the analysed noise indicators. Street stratification is a rapid and low-cost approach for road traffic noise mapping without increasing uncertainties.
Juan Miguel Barrigón Morillas; David Montes González; Valentín Gómez Escobar; Guillermo Rey Gozalo; Rosendo Vílchez-Gómez. A proposal for producing calculated noise mapping defining the sound power levels of roads by street stratification. Environmental Pollution 2020, 270, 116080 .
AMA StyleJuan Miguel Barrigón Morillas, David Montes González, Valentín Gómez Escobar, Guillermo Rey Gozalo, Rosendo Vílchez-Gómez. A proposal for producing calculated noise mapping defining the sound power levels of roads by street stratification. Environmental Pollution. 2020; 270 ():116080.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan Miguel Barrigón Morillas; David Montes González; Valentín Gómez Escobar; Guillermo Rey Gozalo; Rosendo Vílchez-Gómez. 2020. "A proposal for producing calculated noise mapping defining the sound power levels of roads by street stratification." Environmental Pollution 270, no. : 116080.
Noise pollution must be considered to achieve sustainable cities because current levels of exposure to environmental noise are a considerable risk to the health and quality of life of citizens. Urban features and sound levels were registered in 150 streets in the Chilean cities of Talca and Valdivia to analyze the relationship between both types of variables. Urban variables related to street location, urban land use, street geometry, road traffic control, and public and private transportation showed very significant correlations with the noise levels, and multiple regression models were developed from these variables for each city. Models using only urban variables in Valdivia and Talca explained 71% and 73%, respectively, of the variability of noise. The prediction error was similar in the different types of urban roads and did not exhibit significant differences between models developed in different cities. The urban models developed in one city could, therefore, be used in other similar cities. Considering the usefulness of these variables in urban planning, these models can be a useful tool for urban planners and decision-makers to implement action plans regarding noise pollution.
Guillermo Rey Gozalo; Enrique Suárez; Alexandra L. Montenegro; Jorge P. Arenas; Juan Miguel Barrigón Morillas; David Montes González. Noise Estimation Using Road and Urban Features. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9217 .
AMA StyleGuillermo Rey Gozalo, Enrique Suárez, Alexandra L. Montenegro, Jorge P. Arenas, Juan Miguel Barrigón Morillas, David Montes González. Noise Estimation Using Road and Urban Features. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):9217.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuillermo Rey Gozalo; Enrique Suárez; Alexandra L. Montenegro; Jorge P. Arenas; Juan Miguel Barrigón Morillas; David Montes González. 2020. "Noise Estimation Using Road and Urban Features." Sustainability 12, no. 21: 9217.
Noise pollution is a major environmental problem due to its impact on human health and implications for other spheres of society. Since road traffic is the main source of noise pollution, the use of measurement methodologies to accurately determine the environmental noise levels to which the façades of buildings in cities are exposed is an important issue. This paper presents an experimental study in urban environments that uses different configurations to evaluate the influence of the position of the microphone and the parking lanes on the levels of road traffic noise to which the population is exposed. In urban settings in which sound waves propagate without obstacles between the lanes of traffic and the receivers, broadband results for the differences between noise levels measured by microphones placed at heights of 4.0 and 1.5 m showed a significant increase with an increase in the distance between the microphone and sound source of between −0.8 and 0.9 dBA over a range from 2 to 8 m. This difference between the two microphones was greater at points where a lane of parked vehicles was located between the road traffic lanes and the receivers were placed near the façades of building. At the same heights, the broadband difference in sound levels ranged from 2.7 to 4.5 dBA. This acoustic shielding effect due to the presence of parked vehicles started to be relevant in the 250 Hz band and increased progressively with frequency. Taking into account these experimental results and the recommendations in the European Noise Directive, it would be important to apply corrections to sound indicators for road traffic noise that are related to the height of the microphone. Making a distinction between urban configurations with and without lines of parked vehicles between the microphone and the road traffic lanes would be advisable.
David Montes González; Juan Miguel Barrigón Morillas; Guillermo Rey Gozalo; Luís Godinho. Evaluation of exposure to road traffic noise: Effects of microphone height and urban configuration. Environmental Research 2020, 191, 110055 .
AMA StyleDavid Montes González, Juan Miguel Barrigón Morillas, Guillermo Rey Gozalo, Luís Godinho. Evaluation of exposure to road traffic noise: Effects of microphone height and urban configuration. Environmental Research. 2020; 191 ():110055.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid Montes González; Juan Miguel Barrigón Morillas; Guillermo Rey Gozalo; Luís Godinho. 2020. "Evaluation of exposure to road traffic noise: Effects of microphone height and urban configuration." Environmental Research 191, no. : 110055.
Participatory measurement of environmental sound levels has gained interest in recent years. The calibration of measuring instruments is currently the main technical limitation. It is often the responsibility of the users and can be a potential source of error or add costs to the measurement protocol. In this article, a calibration protocol is proposed, based on the low variability of the average noise emission of individual vehicles. The advantage of this protocol for the user is that it does not require specific equipment, i.e. reference sound source or device, or special knowledge in acoustics. The method consists in measuring the noise level of a few vehicles as they pass through at different measuring points. The measured levels are compared to the levels expected by a numerical model, the difference serving as an offset for subsequent measurements. The robustness of the protocol is first tested over a large experimental campaign, and it turns out that measuring the passage of 15 vehicles at 3 different locations limits the error to −1.8 ± 1.0 dB(A). Then, the protocol is tested in real conditions with a set of 8 smartphones. The comparison with a class 1 sound level meter on 6 control points shows an average error on all phones of −0.6 ± 1.2 dB(A).
Pierre Aumond; Arnaud Can; Guillermo Rey Gozalo; Nicolas Fortin; Enrique Suárez. Method for in situ acoustic calibration of smartphone-based sound measurement applications. Applied Acoustics 2020, 166, 107337 .
AMA StylePierre Aumond, Arnaud Can, Guillermo Rey Gozalo, Nicolas Fortin, Enrique Suárez. Method for in situ acoustic calibration of smartphone-based sound measurement applications. Applied Acoustics. 2020; 166 ():107337.
Chicago/Turabian StylePierre Aumond; Arnaud Can; Guillermo Rey Gozalo; Nicolas Fortin; Enrique Suárez. 2020. "Method for in situ acoustic calibration of smartphone-based sound measurement applications." Applied Acoustics 166, no. : 107337.
Classically, one mean vehicle representative of each category is used by both static and dynamic traffic noise prediction models. The spectrum associated with this mean vehicle is determined from a linear statistical regression analysis based on measurement campaigns on a track or in situ. However, the variability of individual vehicle emissions can influence predictions and hinder comparison between static and dynamic models. In order to estimate the induced bias, statistical analysis of the distributions of sound power levels emitted by the individual passage of vehicles during 82 measurement campaigns was carried out. The results show that 92% of the residual regression distributions are Gaussian and that standard deviations can reach 3.6 dBA. The value of the proposed correction term for this case study could reach 1.4 dBA for light vehicles and 1.2 dBA for heavy vehicles. This analysis also shows that the variability in sound power levels and thus the corresponding corrections are higher at the lowest speeds that correspond to urban driving conditions.
Guillermo Rey Gozalo; Pierre Aumond; Arnaud Can. Variability in sound power levels: Implications for static and dynamic traffic models. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 2020, 84, 102339 .
AMA StyleGuillermo Rey Gozalo, Pierre Aumond, Arnaud Can. Variability in sound power levels: Implications for static and dynamic traffic models. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 2020; 84 ():102339.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuillermo Rey Gozalo; Pierre Aumond; Arnaud Can. 2020. "Variability in sound power levels: Implications for static and dynamic traffic models." Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 84, no. : 102339.
The use of strategic noise maps as a means for estimating population exposure to environmental noise and defining action plans to mitigate its effects on human health has become a reality since the publication of the European Noise Directive. In this context, it is known that some differences can be found between the values obtained for sound indicators through simulation and measurements due to different causes. One of these factors is the presence of elements in urban environments not currently considered in calculation methods but certainly present in validation measurements. This paper presents an assessment of the acoustic shielding effect due to parked vehicles on urban streets using computational methods. First of all, a process of validation of the software model by means of different simulation methods and in situ measurements was carried out. Then, a study was developed varying different variables related to urban planning and noise modelling, as well as considering different typologies of real streets according to a categorisation method. Broadband results show that this shielding effect can be significant in common configurations in urban environments, even to receiver heights of 4 m considered as a reference in strategic noise maps. The magnitude of this effect varied depending on the distances between the building façade, parked vehicles and sound sources, as well as the receiver height. Differences up to 4 dBA in sound levels were found in several configurations between situations without and with cars parked at 4 m, although in some specific cases it reached up to 8 dBA. Therefore, results of this study indicated that parking lane shielding effect should be considered in calculations and validation measurements for strategic noise maps in order to obtain an adequate estimation of population exposure to road traffic noise.
David Montes González; Juan Miguel Barrigón Morillas; Guillermo Rey Gozalo; Luis Godinho. Effect of parking lanes on assessing the impact of road traffic noise on building façades. Environmental Research 2020, 184, 109299 .
AMA StyleDavid Montes González, Juan Miguel Barrigón Morillas, Guillermo Rey Gozalo, Luis Godinho. Effect of parking lanes on assessing the impact of road traffic noise on building façades. Environmental Research. 2020; 184 ():109299.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid Montes González; Juan Miguel Barrigón Morillas; Guillermo Rey Gozalo; Luis Godinho. 2020. "Effect of parking lanes on assessing the impact of road traffic noise on building façades." Environmental Research 184, no. : 109299.
The prevention or reduction of the exposure of the population to environmental noise is the fundamental objective of the European Noise Directive (END). To this end, strategic noise maps are considered as the basic tool and on-site measurements play an important role in its successful implementation. In this regard, the ISO 1996 standards are the reference for the measurement and assessment of environmental noise, but their application may be complex in many cases. It is therefore necessary to find urban scenarios in which the effects of the placement of the measuring equipment with respect to the façade on noise exposure levels can be analysed. In this study, an educational building was selected for an analysis of the differences in the weekly sound level from road traffic between a microphone flush-mounted on a plate at the façade and another placed between 0.5 and 2.0 m from it. The recommendations in Annex B of ISO 1996-2 were followed in the placement of the microphones. A broadband analysis shows that similar results were found for the four distances analysed, but that variations of up to 0.6 dBA above the reference value arose. An analogous study using frequency octave bands shows differences higher than 2 dB between the measured configurations for bands under 250 Hz. Based on the distance range given in ISO 1996-2 for the position of a microphone in front of a reflecting surface, the results suggest that the most appropriate option for accurately assessing the sound level incident on the façade of buildings is to place the microphone at a distance of 2 m if the guidelines of the ISO 1996-2 standard can be met.
David Montes González; Juan Miguel Barrigón Morillas; Guillermo Rey Gozalo; Pedro Atanasio Moraga. Microphone position and noise exposure assessment of building façades. Applied Acoustics 2019, 160, 107157 .
AMA StyleDavid Montes González, Juan Miguel Barrigón Morillas, Guillermo Rey Gozalo, Pedro Atanasio Moraga. Microphone position and noise exposure assessment of building façades. Applied Acoustics. 2019; 160 ():107157.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid Montes González; Juan Miguel Barrigón Morillas; Guillermo Rey Gozalo; Pedro Atanasio Moraga. 2019. "Microphone position and noise exposure assessment of building façades." Applied Acoustics 160, no. : 107157.
Guillermo Rey Gozalo; Valentín Gómez Escobar; Juan Miguel Barrigón Morillas; David Montes González; Pedro Atanasio Moraga. Statistical attribution of errors in urban noise modeling. Applied Acoustics 2019, 153, 20 -29.
AMA StyleGuillermo Rey Gozalo, Valentín Gómez Escobar, Juan Miguel Barrigón Morillas, David Montes González, Pedro Atanasio Moraga. Statistical attribution of errors in urban noise modeling. Applied Acoustics. 2019; 153 ():20-29.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuillermo Rey Gozalo; Valentín Gómez Escobar; Juan Miguel Barrigón Morillas; David Montes González; Pedro Atanasio Moraga. 2019. "Statistical attribution of errors in urban noise modeling." Applied Acoustics 153, no. : 20-29.
Urban green spaces have a beneficial effect on the health and well-being of citizens. The features of such spaces and users’ satisfaction with them determine the type and frequency of activities conducted inside parks. Understanding the relationships among these aspects is important for promoting adequate designs for these spaces. On the other hand, the limited availability of urban surface area in many cities determines the size of parks. The effect of size on people’s satisfaction and their use of parks is an aspect that has not been studied in depth in the scientific literature. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationships between citizens’ perceptions of the parks’ features and their uses as a function of their size. For this purpose, surveys were conducted in large and small green spaces. The results showed the importance of considering noise in the management of both types of parks to improve overall satisfaction. In addition, overall satisfaction was related to visual aspects (conservation) in large parks, and social aspects (safety and users) in small parks. Suitably designed canine and play areas in large parks and functionality for the streets surrounding small parks can contribute to reducing noise annoyance. This study showed that the size of green spaces has a positive correlation with the frequency of walking, exercising and relaxing. Furthermore, improving some environmental features would also help to increase the frequency of these activities. In this regard, the existence of groves played an important role in promoting physical activity in both types of parks, and the quality of the air and the absence of noise contributed to relaxation in large parks.
Guillermo Rey Gozalo; Juan Miguel Barrigón Morillas; David Montes González. Perceptions and use of urban green spaces on the basis of size. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2019, 46, 126470 .
AMA StyleGuillermo Rey Gozalo, Juan Miguel Barrigón Morillas, David Montes González. Perceptions and use of urban green spaces on the basis of size. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2019; 46 ():126470.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuillermo Rey Gozalo; Juan Miguel Barrigón Morillas; David Montes González. 2019. "Perceptions and use of urban green spaces on the basis of size." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 46, no. : 126470.
There has been increasing interest in new sustainable materials that can be used as construction materials. Among them, sound-absorbing materials have an important role in both acoustical room conditioning and in room insulation. As a proposal for recycling, one of the most common residues in the world, cigarette butts, is studied. Samples were prepared with used cigarette butts as acoustical absorbent materials. Several samples were prepared and grouped by similarity. Variability analyses of the samples prepared in each group were performed. Moreover, the analysis of some possible influences on absorption properties, such as the length of butts, presence of burnt regions, presence of wrapping paper, etc., were analyzed. The results show the potentiality of this residue to be used as an acoustical absorbent since the absorption coefficients found are greater than 0.8 for frequencies over 2000 Hz. The observed variability in the study group and samples can be considered low, as it was below 2% for the major part of frequencies. Influences on the absorption coefficient, for both the length and status of the butts, were statistically confirmed.
Valentín Gómez Escobar; Guillermo Rey Gozalo; Carlos J. Pérez. Variability and Performance Study of the Sound Absorption of Used Cigarette Butts. Materials 2019, 12, 2584 .
AMA StyleValentín Gómez Escobar, Guillermo Rey Gozalo, Carlos J. Pérez. Variability and Performance Study of the Sound Absorption of Used Cigarette Butts. Materials. 2019; 12 (16):2584.
Chicago/Turabian StyleValentín Gómez Escobar; Guillermo Rey Gozalo; Carlos J. Pérez. 2019. "Variability and Performance Study of the Sound Absorption of Used Cigarette Butts." Materials 12, no. 16: 2584.
Due to the particular characteristics of hospitals, these buildings are highly sensitive to environmental noise. However, they are usually located close or within urban agglomerations. Hence, hospitals are, in many cases, exposed to high levels of environmental noise. A study of one of the main hospitals in the Extremadura region (Spain) is presented here to allow a global assessment of the acoustic impact of outdoor sound sources. Both long- and short-term measurements were carried out, and a software model was developed. The measured values exceed the World Health Organisation reference value of 50 dBA for daytime and evening, and are even higher than the 55 dBA limit at which severe annoyance is generated. Taking into account the results obtained, the noise impact on this hospital is primarily influenced by three sound sources: road traffic, cooling towers of the hospital and the emergency helicopter. Their relative importance depends on the facade under consideration. It can therefore be concluded that the overall situation of the hospital needs to be improved. Thus, a series of solutions are proposed for a possible action plan based on interventions regarding the main sound sources and the location of the most sensitive areas to environmental noise.
David Montes-González; Juan Miguel Barrigón-Morillas; Valentín Gómez Escobar; Rosendo Vílchez-Gómez; Guillermo Rey-Gozalo; Pedro Atanasio-Moraga; Juan Antonio Méndez-Sierra. Environmental Noise around Hospital Areas: A Case Study. Environments 2019, 6, 41 .
AMA StyleDavid Montes-González, Juan Miguel Barrigón-Morillas, Valentín Gómez Escobar, Rosendo Vílchez-Gómez, Guillermo Rey-Gozalo, Pedro Atanasio-Moraga, Juan Antonio Méndez-Sierra. Environmental Noise around Hospital Areas: A Case Study. Environments. 2019; 6 (4):41.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid Montes-González; Juan Miguel Barrigón-Morillas; Valentín Gómez Escobar; Rosendo Vílchez-Gómez; Guillermo Rey-Gozalo; Pedro Atanasio-Moraga; Juan Antonio Méndez-Sierra. 2019. "Environmental Noise around Hospital Areas: A Case Study." Environments 6, no. 4: 41.
Noise pollution distribution in each city around the world is necessarily influenced by its own design. A lot of factor associated to urban planning have a considerable effect on volume of traffic, vehicles distribution, traffic conditions, etc. And it is know that, from a temporal and spatial point of view, the most important source of noise in cities is road traffic. For that, good relationships between urban planning and different factors such as urban density, urban morphology, urban land use, street distribution, street environment and green spaces are being founded. In this way, the fact of finding a sustainable city could be closer, at least with respect to noise pollution. A good knowledge of these relationships would allow better prediction, analysis and prevention of such pollution through an effective design of urban environments. However, although in the first decade of XXI century these relationships were treated in some works, only some aspects of these problems were considered, essentially focused on street functionality. In the last years, this topic has reached more important development and more studies focused on the analysis of the relationships between the distributions of pollution and urbanism. This work makes a revision of spatial sampling methodologies for noise pollution assessment in relation with urban planning and a review of studies that have analysed the relationships between urban noise and different specifics aspects of urban design.
Juan Miguel Barrigón Morillas; Guillermo Rey Gozalo; David Montes González; Pedro Atanasio Moraga; Rosendo Vílchez-Gómez. Noise Pollution and Urban Planning. Current Pollution Reports 2018, 4, 208 -219.
AMA StyleJuan Miguel Barrigón Morillas, Guillermo Rey Gozalo, David Montes González, Pedro Atanasio Moraga, Rosendo Vílchez-Gómez. Noise Pollution and Urban Planning. Current Pollution Reports. 2018; 4 (3):208-219.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan Miguel Barrigón Morillas; Guillermo Rey Gozalo; David Montes González; Pedro Atanasio Moraga; Rosendo Vílchez-Gómez. 2018. "Noise Pollution and Urban Planning." Current Pollution Reports 4, no. 3: 208-219.
Nowadays, urban design without green spaces is inconceivable. Environmental, social, and economic benefits generated by green spaces are essential to maintain the health and quality of life of the population and to control pollution. Therefore, urban planners and city leaders should know the interactions between the features of green spaces, the sociodemographic characteristics of users, and the type of use. In addition, in some studies, noise was found to be an essential factor in the perception of these green spaces. For this purpose, surveys and sound measurements were carried out simultaneously in different locations of the main green spaces of Cáceres city. The results of this study show that noise satisfaction has the greatest significant relationship with overall satisfaction with green spaces. Different features, including satisfaction with the absence of noise, can explain 71.4% of the overall satisfaction. Road traffic is the most annoying sound source, but the degree of noise annoyance is lower than that estimated for other urban environments with similar sound levels. Walking and talking activities, emotions of fear and irritability, and interruptions to conversation are most often affected by noise in these urban environments. Another conclusion obtained is that the highest significant correlation coefficients are between noise perception by users and both the equivalent continuous linear weighted sound level and sharpness. Lastly, the green-space use determines differences and significant relationships with the sociodemographic characteristics. Also, the places in green spaces where people frequently perform walking and relaxation activities have the lowest sound levels. Therefore, noise is a statistically relevant factor to be considered in the design of green spaces.
Guillermo Rey Gozalo; Juan Miguel Barrigón Morillas; David Montes González; Pedro Atanasio Moraga. Relationships among satisfaction, noise perception, and use of urban green spaces. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 624, 438 -450.
AMA StyleGuillermo Rey Gozalo, Juan Miguel Barrigón Morillas, David Montes González, Pedro Atanasio Moraga. Relationships among satisfaction, noise perception, and use of urban green spaces. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 624 ():438-450.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuillermo Rey Gozalo; Juan Miguel Barrigón Morillas; David Montes González; Pedro Atanasio Moraga. 2018. "Relationships among satisfaction, noise perception, and use of urban green spaces." Science of The Total Environment 624, no. : 438-450.
David Montes Gonzalez; Juan Miguel Barrigón Morillas; Guillermo Rey Gozalo. Acoustic behaviour of plates made of different materials for measurements with the microphone flush mounted. Applied Acoustics 2018, 132, 135 -141.
AMA StyleDavid Montes Gonzalez, Juan Miguel Barrigón Morillas, Guillermo Rey Gozalo. Acoustic behaviour of plates made of different materials for measurements with the microphone flush mounted. Applied Acoustics. 2018; 132 ():135-141.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid Montes Gonzalez; Juan Miguel Barrigón Morillas; Guillermo Rey Gozalo. 2018. "Acoustic behaviour of plates made of different materials for measurements with the microphone flush mounted." Applied Acoustics 132, no. : 135-141.