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Current European environmental sustainability standards call for achieving a reduction in energy consumption and CO2 emissions for a horizon set in the year 2050. It has been verified that buildings and cities have a higher incidence in this regard. It is necessary to have tools for initial assessment that can quickly analyse whether the improvement scenarios put forward by different organisations and governments will be able to meet the goals set at European level. Universities are an important factor for the intended change and therefore offer an excellent environment for testing such tools. A case study focusing on a university in northern Spain is presented, through an evaluation tool using 3D models including life-cycle assessment. Different reform scenarios are evaluated for two key years, 2030 and 2050. The novelty lies in considering, not only the impact of the operational phase but also the impact of the different stages of the life cycle and processes, obtaining an impact value closer to reality. The results indicate that, even with major retrofitting and adaptation efforts, the European targets are difficult to achieve by 2050. Moreover, solutions such as biomass help to achieve greenhouse gas reductions but not to improve energy efficiency.
Alba Arias; Iñigo Leon; Xabat Oregi; Cristina Marieta. Environmental Assessment of University Campuses: The Case of the University of Navarra in Pamplona (Spain). Sustainability 2021, 13, 8588 .
AMA StyleAlba Arias, Iñigo Leon, Xabat Oregi, Cristina Marieta. Environmental Assessment of University Campuses: The Case of the University of Navarra in Pamplona (Spain). Sustainability. 2021; 13 (15):8588.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlba Arias; Iñigo Leon; Xabat Oregi; Cristina Marieta. 2021. "Environmental Assessment of University Campuses: The Case of the University of Navarra in Pamplona (Spain)." Sustainability 13, no. 15: 8588.
This research aims to promote the use of natural materials in construction. Its purpose is to rediscover the interlacing of flat wooden strips. Attending to environmental criteria, it focuses on the study of wood from a locally produced tree, the chestnut, in the north of Spain. However, the proposed methodology can be universally replicated with local wood productions anywhere. The interweaving of flat wooden strips is linked to traditional basketry, which is at serious risk of disappearing in many places. A combined method based on the design of interlaced artifacts is proposed. For this purpose, the mechanical characteristics of the specific material tested were analyzed in advance. The elastic limit of the material was obtained, and this allowed simulating and optimizing the maximum curvatures of the flat strips in a 3D digital model. New geometric shapes were designed with new interlacing wefts and were built with the tested material. The digital models used serve as a record of the artifacts built, and can be posted on web platforms so that they can be universally replicated. This will allow for the preservation of this heritage of built artifacts using basketry techniques, enabling the proposed objective to be achieved.
Amaia Casado; Antonio Sánchez; Cristina Marieta; Iñigo Leon. Use of Flat Interwoven Wooden Strips in Architecture and Construction. Simulation and Optimization Using 3D Digital Models. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6383 .
AMA StyleAmaia Casado, Antonio Sánchez, Cristina Marieta, Iñigo Leon. Use of Flat Interwoven Wooden Strips in Architecture and Construction. Simulation and Optimization Using 3D Digital Models. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):6383.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmaia Casado; Antonio Sánchez; Cristina Marieta; Iñigo Leon. 2021. "Use of Flat Interwoven Wooden Strips in Architecture and Construction. Simulation and Optimization Using 3D Digital Models." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 6383.
Municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ash is a residue of municipal solid waste incineration whose recycling is currently a worldwide problem. Therefore, considerable efforts are being made to establish effective recovery techniques so MSWI can be used as a substitute for natural resources in construction, as in masonry blocks, roads and so on, or in the manufacture of new materials. MSWI fly ashes contain elements such as Ca, Si and Al, which make it possible for them to be used as raw material to manufacture cements. This paper presents the results obtained from the physicochemical characterization of two MSWI fly ashes from two Spanish cities. The research aims to explore the feasibility of using MSWI fly ash as raw material for sintering belite cements. The results show that MSWI fly ashes have a suitable composition. However, appropriate pre-treatment will be required to eliminate chloride and possible traces of heavy metals and to improve pozzolanic activity. Furthermore, the addition of vitreous silica in the proper proportions is required. The phases generated after calcination of the blend at 800 °C are not those corresponding to pure belite cements. Nevertheless, the possibility of using these ashes as supplementary cementitious material in the manufacture of eco-cements should be contemplated.
Cristina Marieta; Ana Guerrero; Iñigo Leon. Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash to produce eco-friendly binders for sustainable building construction. Waste Management 2020, 120, 114 -124.
AMA StyleCristina Marieta, Ana Guerrero, Iñigo Leon. Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash to produce eco-friendly binders for sustainable building construction. Waste Management. 2020; 120 ():114-124.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristina Marieta; Ana Guerrero; Iñigo Leon. 2020. "Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash to produce eco-friendly binders for sustainable building construction." Waste Management 120, no. : 114-124.
The environmental energy sustainability of universities has aroused great interest in recent years. In this study, environmental impact assessment tools are used to analyse the environmental impacts of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) since 2015 and to identify reform scenarios to make the university more sustainable. University campuses can be considered to be small cities that impact the environment of the cities where they are located. The environmental impacts of the UPV/EHU Gipuzkoa campus and the impacts on the city of Donostia-San Sebastián in which the university is located are analysed. The environmental impacts are calculated using simulation tools based on three-dimensional models of the university campus and the city. These results are compared with actual impact results from monitoring. The simulation results differ from the monitoring results but provide a rapid determination of the best future scenarios for a more sustainable university by taking the impacts on the city into account. This study enables the university to align its efforts with the Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy.
Iñigo Leon; Xabat Oregi; Cristina Marieta. Contribution of University to Environmental Energy Sustainability in the City. Sustainability 2020, 12, 774 .
AMA StyleIñigo Leon, Xabat Oregi, Cristina Marieta. Contribution of University to Environmental Energy Sustainability in the City. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (3):774.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIñigo Leon; Xabat Oregi; Cristina Marieta. 2020. "Contribution of University to Environmental Energy Sustainability in the City." Sustainability 12, no. 3: 774.
The exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing Lactobacillus mali CUPV271 and Leuconostoc carnosum CUPV411 were isolated from Spanish ropy apple must and slimy ham, respectively. The polymers were purified from bacterial cultures’ supernatants and subjected to physicochemical and rheological characterization with the aim to evaluate their potential for future industrial utilization. Methylation analysis, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) revealed that both polymers were dextrans, partially branched at O-3 and O-4 positions of the main α-(1→6)-D-glucopyranose backbone. The molar masses of the EPS of L. mali and Lc. carnosum, were of 1.23 x 108 g/mol and 3.58 x 108 g/mol, respectively. The bacterial strains were tested for binding to the human Caco-2 cell line in the presence and absence of their respective dextran, revealing that the EPS production by L. mali decreased the binding capacity of the bacterium while the adhesiveness of Lc. carnosum did not change. As the structure and molecular mass of both dextrans were comparable, other characteristics of the dextrans were studied to explain this behavior. Atomic force micrographs showed some differences at the supramolecular level, suggesting that the different spatial distribution of the dextrans might be on the basis of the results of the adhesion studies. Both polysaccharides resulted to be amorphous materials with Tg around 226 °C and showed slightly different thermal degradation patterns. Rheologically, they showed to have a pseudoplastic behavior, but very different critical concentrations: 3.8% for the EPS of L. mali and 0.4% for that of Lc. carnosum.
María Goretti Llamas-Arriba; Ana I. Puertas; Alicia Prieto; Paloma López; Mónica Cobos; José I. Miranda; Cristina Marieta; Patricia Ruas-Madiedo; Ma Teresa Dueñas. Characterization of dextrans produced by Lactobacillus mali CUPV271 and Leuconostoc carnosum CUPV411. Food Hydrocolloids 2018, 89, 613 -622.
AMA StyleMaría Goretti Llamas-Arriba, Ana I. Puertas, Alicia Prieto, Paloma López, Mónica Cobos, José I. Miranda, Cristina Marieta, Patricia Ruas-Madiedo, Ma Teresa Dueñas. Characterization of dextrans produced by Lactobacillus mali CUPV271 and Leuconostoc carnosum CUPV411. Food Hydrocolloids. 2018; 89 ():613-622.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría Goretti Llamas-Arriba; Ana I. Puertas; Alicia Prieto; Paloma López; Mónica Cobos; José I. Miranda; Cristina Marieta; Patricia Ruas-Madiedo; Ma Teresa Dueñas. 2018. "Characterization of dextrans produced by Lactobacillus mali CUPV271 and Leuconostoc carnosum CUPV411." Food Hydrocolloids 89, no. : 613-622.
Over the past few years, town planners and architects have been facing increasing demands regarding the performance of urban development projects in terms of environment, quality of life and socio-economic issues. For this reason, several tools capable of assessing their environmental impacts have been developed. NEST (Neighbourhood Evaluation for Sustainable Territories) is a particularly interesting one since it permits performing simultaneous environmental, economic and social analyses at a district scale, in addition to evaluating refurbishment scenarios, with a life cycle perspective. Nowadays, universities can be considered as “small cities” due to their large size, population, and the many complex activities that take place on the campuses; thus, they have a direct and indirect impact on the environment. In this article, the authors present the results obtained from the environmental evaluation of the four campuses of the University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), using NEST. First, the evaluation consisted of analysing baseline environmental impacts of the four campuses, and then, in order to reduce environmental impacts, the authors presented numerous refurbishment scenarios for the campuses, according to national and international declarations concerning sustainable development in higher education.
Iñigo Leon; Xabat Oregi; Cristina Marieta. Environmental assessment of four Basque University campuses using the NEST tool. Sustainable Cities and Society 2018, 42, 396 -406.
AMA StyleIñigo Leon, Xabat Oregi, Cristina Marieta. Environmental assessment of four Basque University campuses using the NEST tool. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2018; 42 ():396-406.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIñigo Leon; Xabat Oregi; Cristina Marieta. 2018. "Environmental assessment of four Basque University campuses using the NEST tool." Sustainable Cities and Society 42, no. : 396-406.
Cristina Marieta; Aloña Retegi; Iñigo Leon. ¿Peligra la escultura del Peine del Viento por la fuerza del oleaje que lo azota? Diseño de un ABP orientado al aprendizaje activo en la formación de Arquitectos Técnicos. JIDA 2016, 1 .
AMA StyleCristina Marieta, Aloña Retegi, Iñigo Leon. ¿Peligra la escultura del Peine del Viento por la fuerza del oleaje que lo azota? Diseño de un ABP orientado al aprendizaje activo en la formación de Arquitectos Técnicos. JIDA. 2016; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristina Marieta; Aloña Retegi; Iñigo Leon. 2016. "¿Peligra la escultura del Peine del Viento por la fuerza del oleaje que lo azota? Diseño de un ABP orientado al aprendizaje activo en la formación de Arquitectos Técnicos." JIDA , no. : 1.
Iñigo Leon; M Sagarna; F Mora; C Marieta; J Otaduy. El empleo de la tecnología BIM en la docencia vinculada a la Arquitectura: aprendizaje cooperativo y colaborativo basado en Proyectos reales entre diferentes asignaturas. JIDA 2016, 1 .
AMA StyleIñigo Leon, M Sagarna, F Mora, C Marieta, J Otaduy. El empleo de la tecnología BIM en la docencia vinculada a la Arquitectura: aprendizaje cooperativo y colaborativo basado en Proyectos reales entre diferentes asignaturas. JIDA. 2016; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIñigo Leon; M Sagarna; F Mora; C Marieta; J Otaduy. 2016. "El empleo de la tecnología BIM en la docencia vinculada a la Arquitectura: aprendizaje cooperativo y colaborativo basado en Proyectos reales entre diferentes asignaturas." JIDA , no. : 1.
A. Retegi; C. Marieta; N. Gabilondo; M.A. Corcuera; A. Eceiza. FROM REALITY TO THEORY, OR HOW ACQUIRE THE COMPETENCES OF THE MATERIALS SUBJECT COURSE IN THE DEGREE IN BUILDING ENGINEERING FROM A REAL BUILDING. EDULEARN16 Proceedings 2016, 1, 7045 -7052.
AMA StyleA. Retegi, C. Marieta, N. Gabilondo, M.A. Corcuera, A. Eceiza. FROM REALITY TO THEORY, OR HOW ACQUIRE THE COMPETENCES OF THE MATERIALS SUBJECT COURSE IN THE DEGREE IN BUILDING ENGINEERING FROM A REAL BUILDING. EDULEARN16 Proceedings. 2016; 1 ():7045-7052.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Retegi; C. Marieta; N. Gabilondo; M.A. Corcuera; A. Eceiza. 2016. "FROM REALITY TO THEORY, OR HOW ACQUIRE THE COMPETENCES OF THE MATERIALS SUBJECT COURSE IN THE DEGREE IN BUILDING ENGINEERING FROM A REAL BUILDING." EDULEARN16 Proceedings 1, no. : 7045-7052.
A (1→3)-β-d-Glucan produced by Lactobacillus suebicus CUPV221 strain was investigated by tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TM-AFM), to compare its supramolecular structure and conformation with two commercial polysaccharides: curdlan and scleroglucan. It was found that the β-d-Glucan was a (1→3)(1→2)-β-d-Glucan and at room temperature formed three-dimensional networks by entanglements between strands, as does scleroglucan. However, (1→3)(1→2)-β-d-Glucan strands seemed to be more stiff than those of scleroglucan. It was also observed that curdlan samples deposited from 5 mM NaOH aqueous solution showed supermolecular assemblies, recognized in the literature as micelles, which are controlled by hydrophobic hydration. The (1→3)(1→2)-β-d-Glucan in alkaline aqueous solutions produced different supramolecular structures depending on pH, and at 0.4 M NaOH (pH 13.16), denaturation took place. After neutralizing the alkaline solution with HCl, the formation of short linear, circular, and hairpin structures was observed.
Ana Isabel Puertas; Mª Teresa Dueñas; Cristina Marieta. Supramolecular Structure and Renaturation of a (1→3)-β-d-Glucan Compared with Curdlan and Scleroglucan. Fibers 2014, 2, 255 -263.
AMA StyleAna Isabel Puertas, Mª Teresa Dueñas, Cristina Marieta. Supramolecular Structure and Renaturation of a (1→3)-β-d-Glucan Compared with Curdlan and Scleroglucan. Fibers. 2014; 2 (3):255-263.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna Isabel Puertas; Mª Teresa Dueñas; Cristina Marieta. 2014. "Supramolecular Structure and Renaturation of a (1→3)-β-d-Glucan Compared with Curdlan and Scleroglucan." Fibers 2, no. 3: 255-263.
M.A. Corcuera; L. Rueda; B. Fernandez D’Arlas; A. Arbelaiz; C. Marieta; I. Mondragon; A. Eceiza. Microstructure and properties of polyurethanes derived from castor oil. Polymer Degradation and Stability 2010, 95, 2175 -2184.
AMA StyleM.A. Corcuera, L. Rueda, B. Fernandez D’Arlas, A. Arbelaiz, C. Marieta, I. Mondragon, A. Eceiza. Microstructure and properties of polyurethanes derived from castor oil. Polymer Degradation and Stability. 2010; 95 (11):2175-2184.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM.A. Corcuera; L. Rueda; B. Fernandez D’Arlas; A. Arbelaiz; C. Marieta; I. Mondragon; A. Eceiza. 2010. "Microstructure and properties of polyurethanes derived from castor oil." Polymer Degradation and Stability 95, no. 11: 2175-2184.
Polyols derived from renewables resources are good candidates to obtaining segmented polyurethane elastomers. Diisocyanates with different chemical structure, aliphatic and aromatic, have been used to synthesize by a two step polymerization procedure polyurethane elastomers with different hard segment content. Microphase separation and thermal stability have been studied using attenuated total reflectionFourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA). The analysis of the H‐bonded and non H‐bonded urethane carbonyl stretching vibration in the amide I region, the glass transition temperature of the soft and hard segments and the melting temperature and enthalpies of hard segment reveal that aliphatic diisocyanate based polyurethanes present higher phase separation degree and harder segment crystallinity and also superior thermal stability than aromatic diisocyanate‐based polyurethanes.
Mª Angeles Corcuera; Lorena Rueda; Borja Fernández D’Arlas; Ainara Saralegi; Cristina Marieta; Aitor Arbelaiz; Iñaki Mondragon; Arantxa Eceiza; A. D’Amore; Domenico Acierno; Luigi Grassia. Effect of Diisocyanate Structure on Thermal Properties and Microstructure of Polyurethanes Based on Polyols Derived from Renewable Resources. V INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TIMES OF POLYMERS (TOP) AND COMPOSITES 2010, 1 .
AMA StyleMª Angeles Corcuera, Lorena Rueda, Borja Fernández D’Arlas, Ainara Saralegi, Cristina Marieta, Aitor Arbelaiz, Iñaki Mondragon, Arantxa Eceiza, A. D’Amore, Domenico Acierno, Luigi Grassia. Effect of Diisocyanate Structure on Thermal Properties and Microstructure of Polyurethanes Based on Polyols Derived from Renewable Resources. V INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TIMES OF POLYMERS (TOP) AND COMPOSITES. 2010; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMª Angeles Corcuera; Lorena Rueda; Borja Fernández D’Arlas; Ainara Saralegi; Cristina Marieta; Aitor Arbelaiz; Iñaki Mondragon; Arantxa Eceiza; A. D’Amore; Domenico Acierno; Luigi Grassia. 2010. "Effect of Diisocyanate Structure on Thermal Properties and Microstructure of Polyurethanes Based on Polyols Derived from Renewable Resources." V INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TIMES OF POLYMERS (TOP) AND COMPOSITES , no. : 1.
Tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TM-AFM) has been used to analyze the supramolecular structure and conformation of the (1-->3)(1-->2)-beta-D-glucan produced by Lactobacillus suebicus CUPV221 isolated from cider. Solutions for TM-AFM observation were prepared by dispersing the solid glucan in distilled water and in alkaline aqueous solutions. It was found that from the distilled water at 10 mg/L or higher concentrations, the (1-->3)(1-->2)-beta-D-glucan forms networks. The heat resistance of the networks depends on the concentration. From the alkaline aqueous solutions, different supramolecular structures were observed depending on the pH. From the weakest alkaline solution, a fairly rough morphology with a high density of spikelike growth features was revealed. As the ionic force of the medium increased, the sizes of the spikelike growth features diminished, and even many disaggregated fibers could be found. At 0.4 M NaOH (pH 13.16), the aggregates had disappeared almost totally. NaOH aqueous solutions (0.1 and 0.4 M) were used to carry out the study of conformation. At 0.1 M NaOH, the aggregates were partially detached, and many free microfibers were found to which a helical conformation could be assigned due to their stiffness and rodlike character. At 0.4 M NaOH, the beginning of the dissociation of the helical structures was seen.
Cristina Marieta; Idoia Ibarburu; Maite Dueñas; Ana Irastorza. Supramolecular Structure and Conformation of a (1→3)(1→2)-β-d-Glucan fromLactobacillus suebicusCUPV221 as Observed by Tapping Mode Atomic Force Microscopy. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2009, 57, 6183 -6188.
AMA StyleCristina Marieta, Idoia Ibarburu, Maite Dueñas, Ana Irastorza. Supramolecular Structure and Conformation of a (1→3)(1→2)-β-d-Glucan fromLactobacillus suebicusCUPV221 as Observed by Tapping Mode Atomic Force Microscopy. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2009; 57 (14):6183-6188.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristina Marieta; Idoia Ibarburu; Maite Dueñas; Ana Irastorza. 2009. "Supramolecular Structure and Conformation of a (1→3)(1→2)-β-d-Glucan fromLactobacillus suebicusCUPV221 as Observed by Tapping Mode Atomic Force Microscopy." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 57, no. 14: 6183-6188.
The phase‐separation behavior and morphology of polycarbonate‐based polyurethanes were investigated as a function of the soft‐segment molecular weight and chemical structure and the 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate/1,4‐butanediol based hard‐segment contents. Polarized optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy images showed that the surface morphologies changed as the soft‐segment molecular weight and hard‐segment content varied and also when the sample preparation conditions were modified. An increase in the soft‐ and hard‐segment lengths led to increased phase separation with respect to the lower molecular weight soft segment, and this showed an interlocked and connected morphology of intermixed soft and hard domains. The surface morphology of phase‐separated polyurethanes with hard segments composed of more than four to five 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate units contained globular hard‐segment domains formed by spherulites, in which the size and connectivity between the branched lamellae changed with the hard‐segment size. Interlamellar areas related to the soft segment were seen in the spherulites. Variations in the hard‐segment spherulites were observed for polyurethanes based on soft segments of different molecular weights. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Arantxa Eceiza; M. Larrañaga; Koro de la Caba; Galder Kortaberria; Cristina Marieta; Mª Angeles Corcuera; I. Mondragon. Structure–property relationships of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers based on polycarbonate diols. Journal of Polymer Science 2008, 108, 3092 -3103.
AMA StyleArantxa Eceiza, M. Larrañaga, Koro de la Caba, Galder Kortaberria, Cristina Marieta, Mª Angeles Corcuera, I. Mondragon. Structure–property relationships of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers based on polycarbonate diols. Journal of Polymer Science. 2008; 108 (5):3092-3103.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArantxa Eceiza; M. Larrañaga; Koro de la Caba; Galder Kortaberria; Cristina Marieta; Mª Angeles Corcuera; I. Mondragon. 2008. "Structure–property relationships of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers based on polycarbonate diols." Journal of Polymer Science 108, no. 5: 3092-3103.
An investigation was carried out on the crystallization process of poly(l-lactid acid) by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Experimental results were generated by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy over a wide range of frequency and temperature in both the wholly amorphous state and during crystallization. The variation of the average relaxation time was studied during crystallization at 80 degrees C and the temperature dependence of this relaxation time for wholly amorphous and crystallized samples was analysed. This behaviour was modelled by Havriliak-Negami and Vogel-Fulcher equations. The sensitivity of the segmental dynamics to the degree of crystallinity was analysed, taking into account the relaxing segments and the thickness of the amorphous layer between lamellae. The morphologies obtained during crystallization processes at 80, 130 and 150 degrees C were monitored by atomic force microscopy at both the lamellar level and by analysing the multilayered superstructures formed. Hedrites, intermediate structures between single lamellar crystals and mature spherulites, were found to appear at the highest temperatures, whereas no evidence of hedrites was found at 80 degrees C, the spherulites seemed to be constructed from a framework of individual dominant lamellae that splay apart and branch. Complementary to the atomic force microscopy study, the evolution of the obtained morphologies was also followed by optical microscopy. Supporting evidence about the thermal behaviour of the polymers was obtained with differential scanning calorimetry.
Galder Kortaberria; C. Marieta; A. Jimeno; P. Arruti; I. Mondragon; María Del Puy Arruti. Crystallization of poly(l-lactid acid) monitored by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Journal of Microscopy 2006, 224, 277 -289.
AMA StyleGalder Kortaberria, C. Marieta, A. Jimeno, P. Arruti, I. Mondragon, María Del Puy Arruti. Crystallization of poly(l-lactid acid) monitored by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Journal of Microscopy. 2006; 224 (3):277-289.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGalder Kortaberria; C. Marieta; A. Jimeno; P. Arruti; I. Mondragon; María Del Puy Arruti. 2006. "Crystallization of poly(l-lactid acid) monitored by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy." Journal of Microscopy 224, no. 3: 277-289.
Agnieszka Tercjak; Elena Serrano; M. D. Martin; C. Marieta; I. Mondragon. Influence of PS-b-PEO diblock copolymers on the compatibility of syndiotactic polystyrene modified epoxy blends. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2006, 102, 479 -488.
AMA StyleAgnieszka Tercjak, Elena Serrano, M. D. Martin, C. Marieta, I. Mondragon. Influence of PS-b-PEO diblock copolymers on the compatibility of syndiotactic polystyrene modified epoxy blends. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 2006; 102 (1):479-488.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgnieszka Tercjak; Elena Serrano; M. D. Martin; C. Marieta; I. Mondragon. 2006. "Influence of PS-b-PEO diblock copolymers on the compatibility of syndiotactic polystyrene modified epoxy blends." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 102, no. 1: 479-488.
The copolymerization of hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) with N, N, N′, N′-tetraglycidyl-4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (TGDDM) has been studied for several stoichiometric ratios. The rheological, thermal and dynamic mechanical behaviors of these systems were examined. Kinetic studies by differential scanning calorimetry, in both isothermal and dynamic modes, showed a first-order kinetics. Activation energies were also obtained by rheological measurements, through gelation times at different temperatures, with results in agreement with calorimetric results. The dynamic mechanical behavior was studied to analyse the influence of both stoichiometric ratio and cure schedule in the viscoelastic properties of the mixtures.
Marian Angeles Corcuera; Koro De La Caba; Nagore Gabilondo; Cristina Marieta; Galder Kortaberria; Arantxa Eceiza. Rheokinetic and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Tetrafunctional Epoxy/anhydride Mixtures. Influence of Stoichiometry and Cure Conditions. High Performance Polymers 2006, 18, 17 -30.
AMA StyleMarian Angeles Corcuera, Koro De La Caba, Nagore Gabilondo, Cristina Marieta, Galder Kortaberria, Arantxa Eceiza. Rheokinetic and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Tetrafunctional Epoxy/anhydride Mixtures. Influence of Stoichiometry and Cure Conditions. High Performance Polymers. 2006; 18 (1):17-30.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarian Angeles Corcuera; Koro De La Caba; Nagore Gabilondo; Cristina Marieta; Galder Kortaberria; Arantxa Eceiza. 2006. "Rheokinetic and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Tetrafunctional Epoxy/anhydride Mixtures. Influence of Stoichiometry and Cure Conditions." High Performance Polymers 18, no. 1: 17-30.
A. Eceiza; K. de la Caba; G. Kortaberria; N. Gabilondo; C. Marieta; M.A. Corcuera; I. Mondragon. Influence of molecular weight and chemical structure of soft segment in reaction kinetics of polycarbonate diols with 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate. European Polymer Journal 2005, 41, 3051 -3059.
AMA StyleA. Eceiza, K. de la Caba, G. Kortaberria, N. Gabilondo, C. Marieta, M.A. Corcuera, I. Mondragon. Influence of molecular weight and chemical structure of soft segment in reaction kinetics of polycarbonate diols with 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate. European Polymer Journal. 2005; 41 (12):3051-3059.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Eceiza; K. de la Caba; G. Kortaberria; N. Gabilondo; C. Marieta; M.A. Corcuera; I. Mondragon. 2005. "Influence of molecular weight and chemical structure of soft segment in reaction kinetics of polycarbonate diols with 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate." European Polymer Journal 41, no. 12: 3051-3059.
A vinyl ester (VE) resin was modified with different concentrations of a liquid polymer, polyoxypropylenetriamine (POPTA), in order to study the changes produced during curing and in its final properties. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements were made to obtain both the styrene and vinyl ester unsaturations conversions during the cure of the resin. The glass transition region was analysed by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), which showed the constancy of glass transition temperature with modifier content. The mechanical properties of the mixtures were also analysed and the results have been related to the flexural behaviour of the cured neat resin.
Koro De La Caba; Arantxa Eceiza; Cristina Marieta; Maria Angeles Corcuera; Pedro Remiro; Iñaki Mondragon. Properties of a Vinyl Ester Resin Modified with a Liquid Polymer. High Performance Polymers 2005, 17, 605 -616.
AMA StyleKoro De La Caba, Arantxa Eceiza, Cristina Marieta, Maria Angeles Corcuera, Pedro Remiro, Iñaki Mondragon. Properties of a Vinyl Ester Resin Modified with a Liquid Polymer. High Performance Polymers. 2005; 17 (4):605-616.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKoro De La Caba; Arantxa Eceiza; Cristina Marieta; Maria Angeles Corcuera; Pedro Remiro; Iñaki Mondragon. 2005. "Properties of a Vinyl Ester Resin Modified with a Liquid Polymer." High Performance Polymers 17, no. 4: 605-616.
Composites of carbon fiber and cyanate ester matrix have been investigated. The research has been focused on the interfacial behaviour. The influence of carbon fiber surface treatments, sizing and oxidation, and also modification of thermoset matrix by the addition of a thermoplastic, has been analysed. In order to relate the interfacial behaviour with the characteristics of the components, a physico-chemical characterisation of the carbon fibers and of the cyanate ester resins has been carried out. Thereafter, the apparent interfacial shear strength, the interlaminar shear strength and the Mode II delamination fracture toughness, GIIC, have been measured by pull-out test, short beam-shear test, and end-notched flexure test, respectively. For fractographic analysis the surfaces of laminates fractured under Mode II deformation have also been examined by scanning electron microscopy.
C. Marieta; E. Schulz; L. Irusta; N. Gabilondo; Agnieszka Tercjak; I. Mondragon. Evaluation of fiber surface treatment and toughening of thermoset matrix on the interfacial behaviour of carbon fiber-reinforced cyanate matrix composites. Composites Science and Technology 2005, 65, 2189 -2197.
AMA StyleC. Marieta, E. Schulz, L. Irusta, N. Gabilondo, Agnieszka Tercjak, I. Mondragon. Evaluation of fiber surface treatment and toughening of thermoset matrix on the interfacial behaviour of carbon fiber-reinforced cyanate matrix composites. Composites Science and Technology. 2005; 65 (14):2189-2197.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC. Marieta; E. Schulz; L. Irusta; N. Gabilondo; Agnieszka Tercjak; I. Mondragon. 2005. "Evaluation of fiber surface treatment and toughening of thermoset matrix on the interfacial behaviour of carbon fiber-reinforced cyanate matrix composites." Composites Science and Technology 65, no. 14: 2189-2197.