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Dr. Yanyan Zhao
CSIRO Energy

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0 Fluid Dynamics
0 hydrometallurgical process
0 Nanomaterial synthesis methods and techniques
0 Nanofiltration,
0 Lithium ion battery recycling

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Review
Published: 09 March 2021 in Sustainable Chemistry
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The rapid growth, demand, and production of batteries to meet various emerging applications, such as electric vehicles and energy storage systems, will result in waste and disposal problems in the next few years as these batteries reach end-of-life. Battery reuse and recycling are becoming urgent worldwide priorities to protect the environment and address the increasing need for critical metals. As a review article, this paper reveals the current global battery market and global battery waste status from which the main battery chemistry types and their management, including reuse and recycling status, are discussed. This review then presents details of the challenges, opportunities, and arguments on battery second-life and recycling. The recent research and industrial activities in the battery reuse domain are summarized to provide a landscape picture and valuable insight into battery reuse and recycling for industries, scientific research, and waste management.

ACS Style

Yanyan Zhao; Oliver Pohl; Anand Bhatt; Gavin Collis; Peter Mahon; Thomas Rüther; Anthony Hollenkamp. A Review on Battery Market Trends, Second-Life Reuse, and Recycling. Sustainable Chemistry 2021, 2, 167 -205.

AMA Style

Yanyan Zhao, Oliver Pohl, Anand Bhatt, Gavin Collis, Peter Mahon, Thomas Rüther, Anthony Hollenkamp. A Review on Battery Market Trends, Second-Life Reuse, and Recycling. Sustainable Chemistry. 2021; 2 (1):167-205.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yanyan Zhao; Oliver Pohl; Anand Bhatt; Gavin Collis; Peter Mahon; Thomas Rüther; Anthony Hollenkamp. 2021. "A Review on Battery Market Trends, Second-Life Reuse, and Recycling." Sustainable Chemistry 2, no. 1: 167-205.

Research article
Published: 08 October 2019 in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research
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A new gas-liquid contacting device based on the formation of continuous rotating liquid sheets (RLS) has been developed. The device overcomes the gas velocity limitation set by the flooding point of conventional packed beds, maintains the intensity of gas-liquid contacting and significantly reduces the total pressure drop of the contacting device. Control of the flight path and stability of liquid sheets are the main challenges in the design and implementation of the RLS contactor. This study systematically investigated the formation and stability of liquid sheets from slot geometry, the effect of slot width, slot length, projection angle, contact angle and surface tension. The presence of internal overhang was found to be a key factor. Large radius stable sheets were formed in specific operating zones depending on the various slot geometries utilized. A flight path model was developed to enable design and operation of the parallel closely spaced liquid sheets.

ACS Style

Yanyan Zhao; David J. Grillmeier; Christopher Baard Solnordal; Clotilde C. Corsi; Leigh Thomas Wardhaugh. Development of the Rotating Liquid Sheet Contactor: Fundamental Studies and Modeling of Single Liquid Sheets from Slotted Tubes. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2019, 58, 20066 -20080.

AMA Style

Yanyan Zhao, David J. Grillmeier, Christopher Baard Solnordal, Clotilde C. Corsi, Leigh Thomas Wardhaugh. Development of the Rotating Liquid Sheet Contactor: Fundamental Studies and Modeling of Single Liquid Sheets from Slotted Tubes. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 2019; 58 (43):20066-20080.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yanyan Zhao; David J. Grillmeier; Christopher Baard Solnordal; Clotilde C. Corsi; Leigh Thomas Wardhaugh. 2019. "Development of the Rotating Liquid Sheet Contactor: Fundamental Studies and Modeling of Single Liquid Sheets from Slotted Tubes." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 58, no. 43: 20066-20080.

Journal article
Published: 18 June 2009 in Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy
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Infrared spectroscopy has been used to study nano- to micro-sized gallium oxyhydroxide α-GaO(OH), prepared using a low temperature hydrothermal route. Rod-like α-GaO(OH) crystals with average length of ∼2.5 μm and width of 1.5 μm were prepared when the initial molar ratio of Ga to OH was 1:3. β-Ga2O3 nano and micro-rods were prepared through the calcination of α-GaO(OH). The initial morphology of α-GaO(OH) is retained in the β-Ga2O3 nanorods. The combination of infrared and infrared emission spectroscopy complimented with dynamic thermal analysis were used to characterise the α-GaO(OH) nanotubes and the formation of β-Ga2O3 nanorods. Bands at around 2903 and 2836 cm−1 are assigned to the –OH stretching vibration of α-GaO(OH) nanorods. Infrared bands at around 952 and 1026 cm−1 are assigned to the Ga–OH deformation modes of α-GaO(OH). A significant number of bands are observed in the 620–725 cm−1 region and are assigned to GaO stretching vibrations.

ACS Style

Jing (Jeanne) Yang; Yanyan Zhao; Ray L. Frost. Infrared and infrared emission spectroscopy of gallium oxide α-GaO(OH) nanostructures. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 2009, 74, 398 -403.

AMA Style

Jing (Jeanne) Yang, Yanyan Zhao, Ray L. Frost. Infrared and infrared emission spectroscopy of gallium oxide α-GaO(OH) nanostructures. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. 2009; 74 (2):398-403.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jing (Jeanne) Yang; Yanyan Zhao; Ray L. Frost. 2009. "Infrared and infrared emission spectroscopy of gallium oxide α-GaO(OH) nanostructures." Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 74, no. 2: 398-403.

Article
Published: 11 May 2009 in Journal of Materials Science
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It is important that one should have knowledge of the thermal stability of synthesized nanomaterials. In this research, thermal analyses of both dynamic and controlled rate thermal analysis (CRTA) combined with infrared emission spectroscopy have been used to determine the thermal stability of iron-doped boehmite. Iron-doped boehmite nanofibres with varying iron contents have been prepared at low temperature using hydrothermal treatment in the presence of non-ionic poly (ethylene oxide) surfactant. The TEM images show that the resulting nanostructures are predominantly nanofibres when Fe doping is less than 5%; in contrast, nanosheets are the dominant for 10% Fe-doped boehmite. No nanofibre was observed in the case of 20% Fe-doped boehmite, instead, nanotubes, nanosheets and iron-rich nanoparticles were formed. Both dynamic thermal analysis and CRTA show that Fe-doped boehmite nanomaterials dehydroxylate at higher temperatures than pure boehmite nanofibres. In general, the higher the doped Fe %, the higher the dehydroxylation temperature. The dehydroxylation temperature indicated in the infrared emission spectroscopy of doped boehmite nanomaterials is in harmony with those in other thermal analysis studies.

ACS Style

Yanyan Zhao; Jing Yang; Ray L. Frost; János Kristóf; Erzsébet Horváth. Synthesis, characterization and thermal analysis of Fe-doped boehmite nanofibres and nanosheets. Journal of Materials Science 2009, 44, 3662 -3673.

AMA Style

Yanyan Zhao, Jing Yang, Ray L. Frost, János Kristóf, Erzsébet Horváth. Synthesis, characterization and thermal analysis of Fe-doped boehmite nanofibres and nanosheets. Journal of Materials Science. 2009; 44 (14):3662-3673.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yanyan Zhao; Jing Yang; Ray L. Frost; János Kristóf; Erzsébet Horváth. 2009. "Synthesis, characterization and thermal analysis of Fe-doped boehmite nanofibres and nanosheets." Journal of Materials Science 44, no. 14: 3662-3673.

Journal article
Published: 04 May 2009 in Applied Surface Science
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Ga doped boehmite nanofibres with varying Ga content have been prepared at low temperatures using hydrothermal treatment in the presence of poly (ethylene oxide) surfactant. The resulting nanofibres were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic and controlled rate thermal analysis and infrared emission spectroscopy (IES), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), N2 adsorption/desorption. TEM results show that nanotubes are dominant when the doped gallium percentage is no more than 5%; nanosheets and an amorphous phase are observed in 10% and 20% gallium doped samples. N2 adsorption/desorption analysis reveals a large amount of micropores and mesopores are present in the resultant samples. Similar to iron and yttrium doped boehmite nanomaterials, remarkable larger BET specific area was achieved compared to pure boehmite nanomaterials. Both dynamic and controlled thermal analyses show that the gallium doped boehmite nanomaterials dehydrate at higher temperature than that of pure boehmite. Interestingly, the higher the crystallinity of the resultant nanotubes is, the higher the dehydration temperature. The IES spectra show that dehydroxylation of the resultant gallium doped boehmite nanomaterials starts at 250 °C and is complete by 450 °C, in harmony with the dynamic and controlled rate thermal analysis results.

ACS Style

Jing Yang; Yanyan Zhao; Ray L. Frost. Surface analysis, TEM, dynamic and controlled rate thermal analysis, and infrared emission spectroscopy of gallium doped boehmite nanofibres and nanosheets. Applied Surface Science 2009, 255, 7925 -7936.

AMA Style

Jing Yang, Yanyan Zhao, Ray L. Frost. Surface analysis, TEM, dynamic and controlled rate thermal analysis, and infrared emission spectroscopy of gallium doped boehmite nanofibres and nanosheets. Applied Surface Science. 2009; 255 (18):7925-7936.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jing Yang; Yanyan Zhao; Ray L. Frost. 2009. "Surface analysis, TEM, dynamic and controlled rate thermal analysis, and infrared emission spectroscopy of gallium doped boehmite nanofibres and nanosheets." Applied Surface Science 255, no. 18: 7925-7936.

Journal article
Published: 02 May 2009 in Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
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Yttrium doped boehmite nanofibres with varying yttrium content have been prepared at low temperatures using hydrothermal treatment in the presence of the surfactant polyethylene oxide (PEO). The resultant nanofibres were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermogravimetric analysis. TEM images showed the resulting nanostructures are predominantly nanofibres when Y doping is less than 5%. When the doping was at the 10 or 20% content Y(OH)3 nanorods were formed. The nanorods show similar morphology to GaO(OH) nanorods. The doped boehmite and the subsequent nanofibres were analyzed by thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric methods. The boehmite nanofibres produced thermally transform at higher temperatures than boehmite crystals and boehmite platelets. In general two thermal decomposition steps are observed at around 45 and 379 degrees C assigned to dehydration and dehydroxylation. The dehydration step is attributed to interstitial water trapped between the boehmite layers. The dehydroxylation steps in the boehmite samples with doping above 3% are strongly asymmetric and additional peaks are resolved in the thermal analysis patterns. This peak becomes clear in the 10 and 20% Y doped boehmite samples and is attributed to the thermal decomposition of the Y(OH)3 nanorods.

ACS Style

Yanyan Zhao; RayL. Frost. XRD, TEM and thermal analysis of yttrium doped boehmite nanofibres. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 2009, 9, 3181 -3187.

AMA Style

Yanyan Zhao, RayL. Frost. XRD, TEM and thermal analysis of yttrium doped boehmite nanofibres. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. 2009; 9 (5):3181-3187.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yanyan Zhao; RayL. Frost. 2009. "XRD, TEM and thermal analysis of yttrium doped boehmite nanofibres." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 9, no. 5: 3181-3187.

Article
Published: 12 August 2008 in Journal of thermal analysis
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Yttrium doped boehmite nanofibres with varying yttrium content have been prepared at low temperatures using a hydrothermal treatment in the presence of poly(ethylene oxide) surfactant (PEO). The resultant nanofibres were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM images showed the resulting nanostructures are predominantly nanofibres when Y-doping is less than 5%; in contrast Y-rich phases were formed when doping was around 10%. The doped boehmite and the subsequent nanofibres/nanotubes were analyzed by thermogravimetric and controlled rate thermal analysis methods. The boehmite nanofibres produced in this research thermally transform at higher temperatures than boehmite crystals and boehmite platelets. Boehmite nanofibres decompose at higher temperatures than non-hydrothermally treated boehmite.

ACS Style

Yanyan Zhao; R. L. Frost; Veronika Vágvölgyi; E. R. Waclawik; J. Kristóf; Erzsébet Horváth. XRD, TEM and thermal analysis of yttrium doped boehmite nanofibres and nanosheets. Journal of thermal analysis 2008, 94, 219 -226.

AMA Style

Yanyan Zhao, R. L. Frost, Veronika Vágvölgyi, E. R. Waclawik, J. Kristóf, Erzsébet Horváth. XRD, TEM and thermal analysis of yttrium doped boehmite nanofibres and nanosheets. Journal of thermal analysis. 2008; 94 (1):219-226.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yanyan Zhao; R. L. Frost; Veronika Vágvölgyi; E. R. Waclawik; J. Kristóf; Erzsébet Horváth. 2008. "XRD, TEM and thermal analysis of yttrium doped boehmite nanofibres and nanosheets." Journal of thermal analysis 94, no. 1: 219-226.

Journal article
Published: 25 July 2008 in Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
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Yttrium doped boehmite nanofibers with varying yttrium content have been synthesized at low temperatures using a soft-chemistry route in the presence of polyglycol ether surfactant. The effect of yttrium content, hydrothermal temperature on the growth of boehmite nanostructures was systematically studied. Nanofibers were formed in all samples with varying doped Y% treated at 100 °C; large Y(OH)3 crystals were also formed at high yttrium doping. Treated at an elevated temperatures resulted in a remarkable changes in size and morphology for samples with the same doped Y content. The resultant nanofibers were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), N2 adsorption and thermogravimetric analysis. The detailed characterization and discussion on the Y doped nanostructures are presented.

ACS Style

Yanyan Zhao; Ray L. Frost. Synthesis and surface characterization of yttrium doped boehmite nanofibers. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 2008, 326, 289 -299.

AMA Style

Yanyan Zhao, Ray L. Frost. Synthesis and surface characterization of yttrium doped boehmite nanofibers. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 2008; 326 (1):289-299.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yanyan Zhao; Ray L. Frost. 2008. "Synthesis and surface characterization of yttrium doped boehmite nanofibers." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 326, no. 1: 289-299.

Research article
Published: 21 July 2008 in Journal of Raman Spectroscopy
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Raman spectroscopy complemented by infrared spectroscopy was used to characterise both gallium oxyhydroxide (α‐GaO(OH)) and gallium oxide (β‐Ga2O3) nanorods synthesised with and without the surfactants using a soft chemical methodology at low temperatures. Nano‐ to micro‐sized gallium oxyhydroxide and gallium oxide materials were characterised and analysed by both X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Rod‐like GaO(OH) crystals with average length of ∼2.5 µm and width of 1.5 µm were obtained. Upon thermally treating gallium oxyhydroxide GaO(OH) to 900 °C, β‐Ga2O3 was synthesised retaining the initial GaO(OH) morphology. Raman spectroscopy has been used to study the structure of nanorods of GaO(OH) and Ga2O3 crystals. Raman spectroscopy shows bands characteristic of GaO(OH) at 950 and ∼1000 cm−1 attributed to GaOH deformation modes. Bands at 261, 275, 433 and 522 cm−1 are assigned to vibrational modes involving GaOH units. Bands observed at 320, 346, 418 and 472 cm−1 are assigned to the deformation modes of Ga2O6 octahedra. Two sharp infrared bands at 2948 and 2916 cm−1 are attributed to the GaO(OH) symmetric stretching vibrations. Raman spectroscopy of Ga2O3 provides bands at 630, 656 and 767 cm−1 which are assigned to the bending and stretching of GaO4 units. Raman bands at 417 and 475 cm−1 are attributed to the symmetric stretching modes of GaO2 units. The Raman bands at 319 and 347 cm−1 are assigned to the bending modes of GaO2 units. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

ACS Style

Yanyan Zhao; Ray L. Frost. Raman spectroscopy and characterisation of α-gallium oxyhydroxide and β-gallium oxide nanorods. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 2008, 39, 1494 -1501.

AMA Style

Yanyan Zhao, Ray L. Frost. Raman spectroscopy and characterisation of α-gallium oxyhydroxide and β-gallium oxide nanorods. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy. 2008; 39 (10):1494-1501.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yanyan Zhao; Ray L. Frost. 2008. "Raman spectroscopy and characterisation of α-gallium oxyhydroxide and β-gallium oxide nanorods." Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 39, no. 10: 1494-1501.

Research article
Published: 09 April 2008 in Journal of Raman Spectroscopy
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The thermo‐Raman spectra of synthesised α‐gallium oxyhydroxide nanorod prove that the transition of α‐gallium oxyhydroxide to β‐gallium oxide nanorods occurs above 350 °C but below 400 °C. Scanning electron microscopy proves that the morphology of the α‐gallium oxyhydroxide nanorods is retained upon calcination to β‐gallium oxide. X‐ray diffraction patterns show that the nanorods are α‐gallium oxyhydroxide converting upon calcination to β‐gallium oxide. Intense Raman bands are observed at 190, 262, 275, 430, 520, 605, and 695 cm−1, which undergo a red shift of ∼5 cm−1 upon heating to 350 °C. Upon thermal treatment above 350 °C, the Raman spectrum shows a significantly different pattern. Raman bands are observed at 155, 212, 280, 430, 570, and 685 cm−1. The thermo‐Raman spectra are in harmony with the TG and DTG patterns, which show that the reaction of α‐gallium oxyhydroxide to β‐gallium oxide occurs at 365 °C. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

ACS Style

Yanyan Zhao; Jing Yang; Ray L. Frost. Raman spectroscopy of the transition of α-gallium oxyhydroxide to β-gallium oxide nanorods. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 2008, 39, 1327 -1331.

AMA Style

Yanyan Zhao, Jing Yang, Ray L. Frost. Raman spectroscopy of the transition of α-gallium oxyhydroxide to β-gallium oxide nanorods. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy. 2008; 39 (10):1327-1331.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yanyan Zhao; Jing Yang; Ray L. Frost. 2008. "Raman spectroscopy of the transition of α-gallium oxyhydroxide to β-gallium oxide nanorods." Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 39, no. 10: 1327-1331.

Research article
Published: 01 March 2008 in The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
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Micro- to nano-sized GaOOH nanorods and particles were prepared under varying hydrothermal conditions without any surfactant and additive using gallium nitrate and sodium hydroxide as starting materials. The combination of X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), small area electron diffraction (SAED), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and FT-IR was employed to characterize the resulting gallium oxide hydroxide nanorods. Detailed results and the possible growth mechanism are presented.

ACS Style

Yanyan Zhao; Ray L. Frost; Jing Yang; Wayde N. Martens. Size and Morphology Control of Gallium Oxide Hydroxide GaO(OH), Nano- to Micro-Sized Particles by Soft-Chemistry Route without Surfactant. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2008, 112, 3568 -3579.

AMA Style

Yanyan Zhao, Ray L. Frost, Jing Yang, Wayde N. Martens. Size and Morphology Control of Gallium Oxide Hydroxide GaO(OH), Nano- to Micro-Sized Particles by Soft-Chemistry Route without Surfactant. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 2008; 112 (10):3568-3579.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yanyan Zhao; Ray L. Frost; Jing Yang; Wayde N. Martens. 2008. "Size and Morphology Control of Gallium Oxide Hydroxide GaO(OH), Nano- to Micro-Sized Particles by Soft-Chemistry Route without Surfactant." The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 112, no. 10: 3568-3579.

Research article
Published: 01 November 2007 in The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
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Nano- to microsized gallium oxide was prepared with and without surfactant via a hydrothermal route at low temperature through different synthesis procedures. Rodlike GaOOH crystals with average length of ∼2.5 μm and width of 1.5 μm were prepared when the initial molar ratio of Ga to OH was 1:3. β-Ga2O3 materials were derived from GaOOH by calcination at 900 °C, and the initial morphology was retained. γ-Ga2O3 nanotubes up to 65 nm in length, with internal and external diameters of around 0.8 and 3 nm, were achieved directly in solution with and without surfactant under hydrothermal treatment condition at 100 °C when the initial molar ratio of Ga to OH was 1:5. The combination of X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 adsorption, small area electron diffraction (SAED), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) were employed to characterize the resulting nano- to microsized structures. Cationic and nonionic surfactants were used in this study. Detailed results are presented.

ACS Style

Yanyan Zhao; And Ray L. Frost; Wayde N. Martens. Synthesis and Characterization of Gallium Oxide Nanostructures via a Soft-Chemistry Route. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2007, 111, 16290 -16299.

AMA Style

Yanyan Zhao, And Ray L. Frost, Wayde N. Martens. Synthesis and Characterization of Gallium Oxide Nanostructures via a Soft-Chemistry Route. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 2007; 111 (44):16290-16299.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yanyan Zhao; And Ray L. Frost; Wayde N. Martens. 2007. "Synthesis and Characterization of Gallium Oxide Nanostructures via a Soft-Chemistry Route." The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 111, no. 44: 16290-16299.

Research article
Published: 17 August 2007 in Langmuir
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The growth of boehmite nanostructures at low temperature using a soft chemistry route with and without (PEO) surfactant is presented. Remarkably long boehmite 1D nanotubes/nanofibers were formed within a significantly short time by changing the reaction mechanism of aluminum hydroxide. By using the PEO surfactant as a templating agent, boehmite nanotubes up to 170 nm in length with internal and external diameters of 2−5 and 3−7 nm, respectively, were formed at 100 °C. A slightly higher temperature (120 °C) resulted in the formation of lath-like nanofibers with an average length of 250 nm. Using the cationic surfactant CTAB, nanotubes rather than nanofibers were formed at 120 °C. Without surfactant, nanotubes counted for around 20% of the entire sample. A regular interval supply of fresh boehmite precipitate resulted in a larger crystallite size distribution of nanotubes. The morphology of nanotubes was more uniform in samples without the regular addition of aluminum hydroxide. Moreover, for the same hydrothermal time, the final nanotubes for nanomaterials without a regular interval supply of fresh aluminum hydroxide precipitate were longer than those with a regular aluminum hydroxide precipitate supply, which is in contrast to previously published results. Higher Al/PEO concentrations resulted in the formation of shorter nanotubes. A detailed characterization and mechanism are presented.

ACS Style

Yanyan Zhao; Ray L. Frost; Wayde Martens; Huai Yong Zhu. Growth and Surface Properties of Boehmite Nanofibers and Nanotubes at Low Temperatures Using a Hydrothermal Synthesis Route. Langmuir 2007, 23, 9850 -9859.

AMA Style

Yanyan Zhao, Ray L. Frost, Wayde Martens, Huai Yong Zhu. Growth and Surface Properties of Boehmite Nanofibers and Nanotubes at Low Temperatures Using a Hydrothermal Synthesis Route. Langmuir. 2007; 23 (19):9850-9859.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yanyan Zhao; Ray L. Frost; Wayde Martens; Huai Yong Zhu. 2007. "Growth and Surface Properties of Boehmite Nanofibers and Nanotubes at Low Temperatures Using a Hydrothermal Synthesis Route." Langmuir 23, no. 19: 9850-9859.

Article
Published: 11 July 2007 in Journal of thermal analysis
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Iron doped boehmite nanofibres with varying iron content have been prepared at low temperatures using a hydrothermal treatment in the presence of poly(ethylene oxide) surfactant. The resultant nanofibres were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM images showed the resulting nanostructures are predominantly nanofibres when Fe doping is no more than 5%; in contrast nanosheets were formed if Fe doping was above 5%. For the 10% Fe doped boehmite, a mixed morphology of nanofibres and nanosheets were obtained. Nanotubes instead of nanofibres were observed in samples with 20% added iron. The Fe doped boehmite and the subsequent nanofibres/nanotubes were analysed by thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric methods. Boehmite nanofibres decompose at higher temperatures than non-hydrothermally treated boehmite and nano-sheets decompose at lower temperatures than the nanofibres.

ACS Style

Yanyan Zhao; R. L. Frost; W. N. Martens; H. Y. Zhu. XRD, TEM and thermal analysis of Fe doped boehmite nanofibres and nanosheets. Journal of thermal analysis 2007, 90, 755 -760.

AMA Style

Yanyan Zhao, R. L. Frost, W. N. Martens, H. Y. Zhu. XRD, TEM and thermal analysis of Fe doped boehmite nanofibres and nanosheets. Journal of thermal analysis. 2007; 90 (3):755-760.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yanyan Zhao; R. L. Frost; W. N. Martens; H. Y. Zhu. 2007. "XRD, TEM and thermal analysis of Fe doped boehmite nanofibres and nanosheets." Journal of thermal analysis 90, no. 3: 755-760.

Research article
Published: 21 March 2007 in The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
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Gallium-doped boehmite nanostructures with varying Ga content have been prepared at low temperatures via a soft-chemistry route in the presence of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) surfactant. The effect of Ga content, hydrothermal temperature, and mixing procedures on the growth of boehmite nanostructures was systematically studied. The resultant boehmite nanostructures were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Nanotubes with an average length of ∼90 nm and internal and external diameters of 2−5 nm and 3−7 nm, respectively, were formed when the added Ga molar percentage was ≤5%; when the added Ga percentage was >10%, an amorphous phase dominated the sample with a mixture of nanosheets, nanotubes, and nanoribbons being formed. Synthesis at slightly higher temperatures (120 °C) for an added Ga molar percentage of ≤5% resulted in longer nanotubes. For high-Ga-content boehmites, large crystals were formed when hydrothermally treated at 120 °C. The detailed characterization of the resultant Ga-doped boehmite nanostructures is presented.

ACS Style

Yanyan Zhao; And Ray L. Frost; Wayde N. Martens. Gallium-Doped Boehmite Nanotubes and Nanoribbons. A TEM, EDX, XRD, BET, and TG Study. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2007, 111, 5313 -5324.

AMA Style

Yanyan Zhao, And Ray L. Frost, Wayde N. Martens. Gallium-Doped Boehmite Nanotubes and Nanoribbons. A TEM, EDX, XRD, BET, and TG Study. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 2007; 111 (14):5313-5324.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yanyan Zhao; And Ray L. Frost; Wayde N. Martens. 2007. "Gallium-Doped Boehmite Nanotubes and Nanoribbons. A TEM, EDX, XRD, BET, and TG Study." The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 111, no. 14: 5313-5324.

Research article
Published: 01 February 2007 in Langmuir
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Iron-doped boehmite nanofibers with varying iron contents have been prepared at low temperatures using hydrothermal treatment in the presence of poly(ethylene oxide) surfactant. The resulting nanofibers were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and N2 adsorption. TEM images showed that the resulting nanostructures are predominantly nanofibers when the doped iron content is less than 5% (mol/mol); in contrast, nanosheets were formed when iron doping was above 4%. Nanotubes instead of nanofibers and iron-rich particles were observed in samples with 20% added iron. A detailed characterization and discussion on the iron-doped nanofibers is presented.

ACS Style

Yanyan Zhao; Wayde N. Martens; Thor E. Bostrom; Huai Yong Zhu; Ray L. Frost. Synthesis, Characterization, and Surface Properties of Iron-Doped Boehmite Nanofibers. Langmuir 2007, 23, 2110 -2116.

AMA Style

Yanyan Zhao, Wayde N. Martens, Thor E. Bostrom, Huai Yong Zhu, Ray L. Frost. Synthesis, Characterization, and Surface Properties of Iron-Doped Boehmite Nanofibers. Langmuir. 2007; 23 (4):2110-2116.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yanyan Zhao; Wayde N. Martens; Thor E. Bostrom; Huai Yong Zhu; Ray L. Frost. 2007. "Synthesis, Characterization, and Surface Properties of Iron-Doped Boehmite Nanofibers." Langmuir 23, no. 4: 2110-2116.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2006 in Journal of Membrane Science
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This paper reports the effect of membrane pretreatment using different organic solvents on the performance of polyamide, polyimide and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membranes in methanol solutions. Membrane pretreatment using acetone, methanol and toluene results in significant changes of membrane flux and rejection for polyamide- and polyimide-based membranes (Desal-DK and STARMEM 228) due to membrane swelling. The Performance of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based membrane (MPF-50) in methanol solutions was not significantly affected by membrane pretreatment.

ACS Style

Yanyan Zhao; Qipeng Yuan. Effect of membrane pretreatment on performance of solvent resistant nanofiltration membranes in methanol solutions. Journal of Membrane Science 2006, 280, 195 -201.

AMA Style

Yanyan Zhao, Qipeng Yuan. Effect of membrane pretreatment on performance of solvent resistant nanofiltration membranes in methanol solutions. Journal of Membrane Science. 2006; 280 (1-2):195-201.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yanyan Zhao; Qipeng Yuan. 2006. "Effect of membrane pretreatment on performance of solvent resistant nanofiltration membranes in methanol solutions." Journal of Membrane Science 280, no. 1-2: 195-201.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2006 in Journal of Membrane Science
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This paper reports rejection of organic solutes with molecular weight (MW) in a range of 180–600 in aqueous and organic solvents through several commercial solvent resistant nanofiltration membranes (SRNF). The organic solutes investigated include charged and neutral molecules and the selected solvents are water, water–methanol mixture, methanol, ethanol, acetone and ethyl acetate. The higher rejection in water than in organic solvents was observed for Desal-DK, MPF-44 and STARMEM™ series membranes. However, MPF-50 showed “uncommon” rejection characteristics of higher rejection in organic solvents (methanol, ethanol and acetone) than in water for neutral molecules compared to charged molecules. The rejection was analysed in accordance with the charge effect and hydration/solvation mechanism.

ACS Style

Yanyan Zhao; Qipeng Yuan. A comparison of nanofiltration with aqueous and organic solvents. Journal of Membrane Science 2006, 279, 453 -458.

AMA Style

Yanyan Zhao, Qipeng Yuan. A comparison of nanofiltration with aqueous and organic solvents. Journal of Membrane Science. 2006; 279 (1-2):453-458.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yanyan Zhao; Qipeng Yuan. 2006. "A comparison of nanofiltration with aqueous and organic solvents." Journal of Membrane Science 279, no. 1-2: 453-458.

Conference paper
Published: 01 January 2006 in 2006 International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
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The modification of nanostructured materials is of great interest due to controllable and unusual properties inherent in such materials. In this paper, iron doped boehmite nanofibres, nanotubes and nanosheets with varying iron content have been prepared through low temperature hydrothermal treatment in the presence of poly (ethylene oxide) surfactant. The combination of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and N2 adsorption were employed to characterize the resulting nanostructures. TEM images showed that the resulting nanostructures are predominantly nanofibres when iron content is less than 5 % (mol/mol); in contrast nanosheets were formed when iron doping was above 5%. Nanotubes instead of nanofibres and iron rich particles were observed in samples with 20 % added iron. XRD showed that the iron doped nanostructures are boehmite (gamma-AlOOH), with EDX analysis indicating the maximum iron content in the boehmite nanostructures is about 4.3%. Nitrogen adsorption results indicate a lowering of the surface area for the iron doped phase in comparison to that of undoped boehmite nanofibres. Further study is required to determine the magnetic and optical properties of the iron doped boehmite nanostructures for their prospective applications. A detailed characterization of the iron doped nanofibres is presented.

ACS Style

Yanyan Zhao; Wayde Martens; Huai Yong Zhu; Ray L. Frost. Synthesis and characterisation of iron doped boehmite nanofibres, nanotubes and nanosheets. 2006 International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 2006, 1 .

AMA Style

Yanyan Zhao, Wayde Martens, Huai Yong Zhu, Ray L. Frost. Synthesis and characterisation of iron doped boehmite nanofibres, nanotubes and nanosheets. 2006 International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. 2006; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yanyan Zhao; Wayde Martens; Huai Yong Zhu; Ray L. Frost. 2006. "Synthesis and characterisation of iron doped boehmite nanofibres, nanotubes and nanosheets." 2006 International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 18 November 2005 in Thin Solid Films
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The topic of guided self-assembly of Ge and InAs quantum dots on Si (001) substrates via epitaxy is discussed. A buried misfit dislocation network can be used to guide the assembly process through the associated strain field. Patterned substrates can also be used to guide the assembly process. This paper discusses the recent experimental and theoretical studies of the guided assembly process with an emphasis on what remains to be understood.

ACS Style

Z.M. Zhao; T.S. Yoon; W. Feng; B.Y. Li; J.H. Kim; J. Liu; O. Hulko; Y.H. Xie; H.M. Kim; K.B. Kim; H.J. Kim; K.L. Wang; C. Ratsch; R. Caflisch; D.Y. Ryu; T.P. Russell. The challenges in guided self-assembly of Ge and InAs quantum dots on Si. Thin Solid Films 2005, 508, 195 -199.

AMA Style

Z.M. Zhao, T.S. Yoon, W. Feng, B.Y. Li, J.H. Kim, J. Liu, O. Hulko, Y.H. Xie, H.M. Kim, K.B. Kim, H.J. Kim, K.L. Wang, C. Ratsch, R. Caflisch, D.Y. Ryu, T.P. Russell. The challenges in guided self-assembly of Ge and InAs quantum dots on Si. Thin Solid Films. 2005; 508 (1):195-199.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Z.M. Zhao; T.S. Yoon; W. Feng; B.Y. Li; J.H. Kim; J. Liu; O. Hulko; Y.H. Xie; H.M. Kim; K.B. Kim; H.J. Kim; K.L. Wang; C. Ratsch; R. Caflisch; D.Y. Ryu; T.P. Russell. 2005. "The challenges in guided self-assembly of Ge and InAs quantum dots on Si." Thin Solid Films 508, no. 1: 195-199.