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In order to furtherly proceed with the recycling of raw materials from e-wastes, PCBs must be treated in a hydrometallurgical process able to extract useful materials from them. This chapter presents some details of the hydrometallurgical pilot plant developed in FENIX.
Ionela Birloaga; Nicolo Maria Ippolito; Francesco Vegliò. A Mobile Pilot Plant for the Recovery of Precious and Critical Raw Materials. Tunable Low-Power Low-Noise Amplifier for Healthcare Applications 2021, 49 -63.
AMA StyleIonela Birloaga, Nicolo Maria Ippolito, Francesco Vegliò. A Mobile Pilot Plant for the Recovery of Precious and Critical Raw Materials. Tunable Low-Power Low-Noise Amplifier for Healthcare Applications. 2021; ():49-63.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIonela Birloaga; Nicolo Maria Ippolito; Francesco Vegliò. 2021. "A Mobile Pilot Plant for the Recovery of Precious and Critical Raw Materials." Tunable Low-Power Low-Noise Amplifier for Healthcare Applications , no. : 49-63.
The present paper is focused on the extraction of gold from high-grade e-waste, i.e., spent electronic connectors and plates, by leaching and electrowinning. These connectors are usually made up of an alloy covered by a layer of gold; sometimes, in some of them, a plastic part is also present. The applied leaching system consisted of an acid solution of diluted sulfuric acid (0.2 mol/L) with thiourea (20 g/L) as a reagent and ferric sulfate (21.8 g/L) as an oxidant. This system was applied on three different high-grade e-waste, namely: (1) Connectors with the partial gold-plated surface (Au concentration—1139 mg/kg); (2) different types of connectors with some of which with completely gold-plated surface (Au concentration—590 mg/kg); and (3) connectors and plates with the completely gold-plated surface (Au concentration—7900 mg/kg). Gold dissolution yields of 52, 94, and 49% were achieved from the first, second, and third samples, respectively. About 95% of Au recovery was achieved after 1.5 h of electrowinning at a current efficiency of only 4.06% and current consumption of 3.02 kWh/kg of Au from the leach solution of the third sample.
Nicolò Ippolito; Ionela Birloaga; Francesco Ferella; Marcello Centofanti; Francesco Vegliò. Preliminary Study on Gold Recovery from High Grade E-Waste by Thiourea Leaching and Electrowinning. Minerals 2021, 11, 235 .
AMA StyleNicolò Ippolito, Ionela Birloaga, Francesco Ferella, Marcello Centofanti, Francesco Vegliò. Preliminary Study on Gold Recovery from High Grade E-Waste by Thiourea Leaching and Electrowinning. Minerals. 2021; 11 (3):235.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNicolò Ippolito; Ionela Birloaga; Francesco Ferella; Marcello Centofanti; Francesco Vegliò. 2021. "Preliminary Study on Gold Recovery from High Grade E-Waste by Thiourea Leaching and Electrowinning." Minerals 11, no. 3: 235.
In this research, extraction and purification of molybdenum from a leach solution of molybdenite dissolution was performed. Cationic polyelectrolytes were used for the first time in this study for selective recovery of molybdenum. For this purpose, some water-soluble coagulants of KlarAid PC products were employed and the experimental results in terms of recovery percentages, optimum value of needed polyelectrolyte and their performance were investigated. In order to evaluate the extraction and purification process, the precipitated molybdenum compounds were studied by ICP-OES, XRD, FTIR, and SEM. The results showed that about 88% of molybdenum could be recovered in one step with a final estimated purity of 100%. Afterward, a relatively pure MoO3 product with a layered-structure was successfully synthesized by a simple heat treatment. Finally, the results showed that the proposed novel method, polyelectrolyte extraction (PX), could be an efficient alternative to other processes (i.e. ion exchange resins and solvent extraction) for selective recovery of metals from acid solution.
Hossein Shalchian; Francesco Ferella; Ionela Birloaga; Ida De Michelis; Francesco Vegliò. Recovery of molybdenum from leach solution using polyelectrolyte extraction. Hydrometallurgy 2019, 190, 105167 .
AMA StyleHossein Shalchian, Francesco Ferella, Ionela Birloaga, Ida De Michelis, Francesco Vegliò. Recovery of molybdenum from leach solution using polyelectrolyte extraction. Hydrometallurgy. 2019; 190 ():105167.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHossein Shalchian; Francesco Ferella; Ionela Birloaga; Ida De Michelis; Francesco Vegliò. 2019. "Recovery of molybdenum from leach solution using polyelectrolyte extraction." Hydrometallurgy 190, no. : 105167.
Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) is widely used as a solvent in the semiconductor industry. After the photo-impression process, it is necessary to remove the photoresist (PR) layer from the surface of the circuits; for this purpose, a TMAH solution is usually used. This chemical compound is highly toxic and corrosive and cannot be discharged into the environment. This study was carried out in collaboration with LFoundry (SMIC group), in order to prove the feasibility of biodegradation under aerobic conditions, using microorganisms coming from the LFoundry’s wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) at different operating conditions. The feed composition was modified in order to add a small but increasing amount of TMAH and PR. The aim was to verify if the increase of TMAH concentration was harmful to bacteria. The feed stream, containing TMAH and PR, was the only carbon source for the metabolism of the aerobic microorganisms. The results of this study demonstrated an effective biological degradation of TMAH and showed a total removal efficiency of more than 99.3%, with a final concentration of 7 mg/L. Moreover, the kinetic parameters of the Monod model were also calculated. The results obtained from the experimental campaign were used to design a pilot plant that will treat around 25 L/h of waste TMAH/PR solution.
Francesco Ferella; Valentina Innocenzi; Svetlana Zueva; Valentina Corradini; Nicolò M. Ippolito; Ionela P. Birloaga; Ida De Michelis; Marina Prisciandaro; Francesco Vegliò. Aerobic Treatment of Waste Process Solutions from the Semiconductor Industry: From Lab to Pilot Scale. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3923 .
AMA StyleFrancesco Ferella, Valentina Innocenzi, Svetlana Zueva, Valentina Corradini, Nicolò M. Ippolito, Ionela P. Birloaga, Ida De Michelis, Marina Prisciandaro, Francesco Vegliò. Aerobic Treatment of Waste Process Solutions from the Semiconductor Industry: From Lab to Pilot Scale. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (14):3923.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesco Ferella; Valentina Innocenzi; Svetlana Zueva; Valentina Corradini; Nicolò M. Ippolito; Ionela P. Birloaga; Ida De Michelis; Marina Prisciandaro; Francesco Vegliò. 2019. "Aerobic Treatment of Waste Process Solutions from the Semiconductor Industry: From Lab to Pilot Scale." Sustainability 11, no. 14: 3923.
The rare earth elements (REEs) were classified as critical raw materials for Europe for their economic relevance and the supply risk. Currently, most of REE production is concentrated in the Chinese area and it is used for the production of many technologies including: fluorescent lamps, fluid catalytic cracking catalysts and permanent magnets. At the end of their life, these products can cause management problems, mainly due to the hazardous component presence. Nevertheless, this critical issue is combined with the significant content of REEs, which makes them a potential resource of secondary raw materials. In this regard, the literature reports many processes for the waste exploitation, but the effective sustainability is often neglected. In this context, the present paper took into account three processes, one for each mentioned waste, to assess both the environmental and the economic aspects. The obtained results were allocated on the basis of metals market price proving an advantage for most of the elements, compared to the primary production. Following the paper evaluation, the fulfillment of the circular economy approach could reduce up to 200 times the impact in the climate change category and up to 70 times the cost due to the REE mining.
A. Amato; A. Becci; Ionela Birloaga; I. De Michelis; Francesco Ferella; V. Innocenzi; N.M. Ippolito; Carmen Pilar Jiménez-Gómez; F. Vegliò; F. Beolchini. Sustainability analysis of innovative technologies for the rare earth elements recovery. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2019, 106, 41 -53.
AMA StyleA. Amato, A. Becci, Ionela Birloaga, I. De Michelis, Francesco Ferella, V. Innocenzi, N.M. Ippolito, Carmen Pilar Jiménez-Gómez, F. Vegliò, F. Beolchini. Sustainability analysis of innovative technologies for the rare earth elements recovery. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2019; 106 ():41-53.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Amato; A. Becci; Ionela Birloaga; I. De Michelis; Francesco Ferella; V. Innocenzi; N.M. Ippolito; Carmen Pilar Jiménez-Gómez; F. Vegliò; F. Beolchini. 2019. "Sustainability analysis of innovative technologies for the rare earth elements recovery." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 106, no. : 41-53.
Ionela Birloaga; Francesco Veglio. Hydrometallurgical processing of waste printed circuit boards. Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Recycling 2018, 95 -113.
AMA StyleIonela Birloaga, Francesco Veglio. Hydrometallurgical processing of waste printed circuit boards. Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Recycling. 2018; ():95-113.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIonela Birloaga; Francesco Veglio. 2018. "Hydrometallurgical processing of waste printed circuit boards." Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Recycling , no. : 95-113.
The core of this paper is to expose the current situation on generation and treatment of five streams that present Ag in their composition. During the last two decades, large amounts of silver recovered from primary ores has been used in the manufacturing of electrical and electronic devices. Between these devices, the current situation for printed circuit boards (component which is found in each device that make use of an electrical field) and spent plasma monitors is shown. Moreover, the button cells, which are a special category of waste at the end of their life, are also presented within this article. The spent effluents of photographic industry, X-Ray films and laboratory waste represent two other important secondary resource of silver and therefore their situation and current hydrometallurgical methods of processing will be also present within this paper.
Ionela Birloaga; Francesco Vegliò. Overview on hydrometallurgical procedures for silver recovery from various wastes. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 2018, 6, 2932 -2938.
AMA StyleIonela Birloaga, Francesco Vegliò. Overview on hydrometallurgical procedures for silver recovery from various wastes. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2018; 6 (2):2932-2938.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIonela Birloaga; Francesco Vegliò. 2018. "Overview on hydrometallurgical procedures for silver recovery from various wastes." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 6, no. 2: 2932-2938.
Within this chapter, considering the literature data, the main characteristics of all the WEEEs are provided. This was rigorously performed using different data source. In addition, the current legislation has been analyzed and presented within this chapter. Was shown that in the heterogeneous composition of these waste, both dangerous and valuable elements are present. These can be considered as important secondary resource to supply the current deficit for the new products manufacturing.
Ionela Birloaga; Francesco Vegliò. WEEE characterization, division, and regulation. Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Recycling 2018, 1 -12.
AMA StyleIonela Birloaga, Francesco Vegliò. WEEE characterization, division, and regulation. Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Recycling. 2018; ():1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIonela Birloaga; Francesco Vegliò. 2018. "WEEE characterization, division, and regulation." Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Recycling , no. : 1-12.
Within this book the most relevant works in the treatment of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) by aqueous-based methods have been exposed. This chapter has presents the main conclusions regarding all the data presented within the book. In addition, further recommendations regarding WEEE treatment are also provided.
Ionela Birloaga; Francesco Veglio. Conclusions and further recommendations. Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Recycling 2018, 385 -388.
AMA StyleIonela Birloaga, Francesco Veglio. Conclusions and further recommendations. Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Recycling. 2018; ():385-388.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIonela Birloaga; Francesco Veglio. 2018. "Conclusions and further recommendations." Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Recycling , no. : 385-388.
Francis O. Adeola; Alessia Amato; Francesca Beolchini; Ionela Birloaga; Ernesto De La Torre; Ida De Michelis; Sebastián Gámez; Masahiro Goto; Valentina Innocenzi; Arda Işıldar; Muammer Kaya; Bernd Kopacek; Fukiko Kubota; Eddy Pazmiño; Angela Serpe; Cristian Tunsu; Francesco Veglio; Svetlana Zueva; Arda Isildar. List of contributors. Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Recycling 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleFrancis O. Adeola, Alessia Amato, Francesca Beolchini, Ionela Birloaga, Ernesto De La Torre, Ida De Michelis, Sebastián Gámez, Masahiro Goto, Valentina Innocenzi, Arda Işıldar, Muammer Kaya, Bernd Kopacek, Fukiko Kubota, Eddy Pazmiño, Angela Serpe, Cristian Tunsu, Francesco Veglio, Svetlana Zueva, Arda Isildar. List of contributors. Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Recycling. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancis O. Adeola; Alessia Amato; Francesca Beolchini; Ionela Birloaga; Ernesto De La Torre; Ida De Michelis; Sebastián Gámez; Masahiro Goto; Valentina Innocenzi; Arda Işıldar; Muammer Kaya; Bernd Kopacek; Fukiko Kubota; Eddy Pazmiño; Angela Serpe; Cristian Tunsu; Francesco Veglio; Svetlana Zueva; Arda Isildar. 2018. "List of contributors." Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Recycling , no. : 1.
The following sections are included: Introduction Gold: Generalities Hydrometallurgical Systems for Gold Recovery from WPCBS Halide Leaching Process of Gold Thioureation Process for Au Recovery Conclusions References
Ionela Birloaga; F. Vegliò; Syed Sabir. Study on the Influence of Various Factors in the Hydrometallurgical Processing of Waste Electronic Materials for Gold Recovery. The Recovery of Gold from Secondary Sources 2016, 197 -220.
AMA StyleIonela Birloaga, F. Vegliò, Syed Sabir. Study on the Influence of Various Factors in the Hydrometallurgical Processing of Waste Electronic Materials for Gold Recovery. The Recovery of Gold from Secondary Sources. 2016; ():197-220.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIonela Birloaga; F. Vegliò; Syed Sabir. 2016. "Study on the Influence of Various Factors in the Hydrometallurgical Processing of Waste Electronic Materials for Gold Recovery." The Recovery of Gold from Secondary Sources , no. : 197-220.
Ionela Birloaga; Francesco Vegliò. Study of multi-step hydrometallurgical methods to extract the valuable content of gold, silver and copper from waste printed circuit boards. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 2016, 4, 20 -29.
AMA StyleIonela Birloaga, Francesco Vegliò. Study of multi-step hydrometallurgical methods to extract the valuable content of gold, silver and copper from waste printed circuit boards. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2016; 4 (1):20-29.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIonela Birloaga; Francesco Vegliò. 2016. "Study of multi-step hydrometallurgical methods to extract the valuable content of gold, silver and copper from waste printed circuit boards." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 4, no. 1: 20-29.
This study refers to two chemical leaching systems for the base and precious metals extraction from waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs); sulfuric acid with hydrogen peroxide have been used for the first group of metals, meantime thiourea with the ferric ion in sulfuric acid medium were employed for the second one. The cementation process with zinc, copper and iron metal powders was attempted for solutions purification. The effects of hydrogen peroxide volume in rapport with sulfuric acid concentration and temperature were evaluated for oxidative leaching process. 2M H2SO4 (98% w/v), 5% H2O2, 25 °C, 1/10 S/L ratio and 200 rpm were founded as optimal conditions for Cu extraction. Thiourea acid leaching process, performed on the solid filtrate obtained after three oxidative leaching steps, was carried out with 20 g/L of CS(NH2)2, 6g/L of Fe(3+), 0.5M H2SO4, The cross-leaching method was applied by reusing of thiourea liquid suspension and immersing 5 g/L of this reagent for each other experiment material of leaching. This procedure has lead to the doubling and, respectively, tripling, of gold and silver concentrations into solution. These results reveal a very efficient, promising and environmental friendly method for WPCBs processing.
Ionela Birloaga; Vasile Coman; Bernd Kopacek; Francesco Vegliò. An advanced study on the hydrometallurgical processing of waste computer printed circuit boards to extract their valuable content of metals. Waste Management 2014, 34, 2581 -2586.
AMA StyleIonela Birloaga, Vasile Coman, Bernd Kopacek, Francesco Vegliò. An advanced study on the hydrometallurgical processing of waste computer printed circuit boards to extract their valuable content of metals. Waste Management. 2014; 34 (12):2581-2586.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIonela Birloaga; Vasile Coman; Bernd Kopacek; Francesco Vegliò. 2014. "An advanced study on the hydrometallurgical processing of waste computer printed circuit boards to extract their valuable content of metals." Waste Management 34, no. 12: 2581-2586.
The present lab-scale experimental study presents the process of leaching waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) in order to recover gold by thioureation. Preliminary tests have shown that copper adversely affects gold extraction; therefore an oxidative leaching pre-treatment was performed in order to remove base metals. The effects of sulfuric acid concentration, hydrogen peroxide volume and temperature on the metal extraction yield were studied by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The highest copper extraction yields were 76.12% for sample A and 18.29% for sample D, after leaching with 2 M H2SO4, 20 ml of 30% H2O2 at 30 °C for 3 h. In order to improve Cu removal, a second leaching was performed only on sample A, resulting in a Cu extraction yield of 90%. Other experiments have shown the negative effect of the stirring rate on copper dissolution. The conditions used for the process of gold extraction by thiourea were: 20 g/L thiourea, 6 g/L ferric ion, 10 g/L sulfuric acid, 600 rpm stirring rate. To study the influence of temperature and particle size, this process was tested on pins manually removed from computer central processing units (CPUs) and on waste CPU for 3½ h. A gold extraction yield of 69% was obtained after 75% of Cu was removed by a double oxidative leaching treatment of WPCBs with particle sizes smaller than 2 mm.
Ionela Birloaga; Ida de Michelis; Francesco Ferella; Mihai Buzatu; Francesco Vegliò. Study on the influence of various factors in the hydrometallurgical processing of waste printed circuit boards for copper and gold recovery. Waste Management 2013, 33, 935 -941.
AMA StyleIonela Birloaga, Ida de Michelis, Francesco Ferella, Mihai Buzatu, Francesco Vegliò. Study on the influence of various factors in the hydrometallurgical processing of waste printed circuit boards for copper and gold recovery. Waste Management. 2013; 33 (4):935-941.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIonela Birloaga; Ida de Michelis; Francesco Ferella; Mihai Buzatu; Francesco Vegliò. 2013. "Study on the influence of various factors in the hydrometallurgical processing of waste printed circuit boards for copper and gold recovery." Waste Management 33, no. 4: 935-941.
Used batteries contain numerous metals in high concentrations and if not disposed of with proper care, they can negatively affect our environment. These metals represent 83% of all spent batteries and therefore it is important to recover metals such as Zn and Mn, and reuse them for the production of new batteries. The recovery of Zn and Mn from used batteries, in particular from Zn-C and alkaline ones has been researched using hydrometallurgical methods. After comminution and classification of elemental components, the electrode paste resulting from these processes was treated by chemical leaching. Prior to the leaching process the electrode paste has been subjected to two washing steps, in order to remove the potassium, which is an inconvenient element in this type of processes. To simultaneously extract Zn and Mn from this paste, the leaching method in alkaline medium (NaOH solution) and acid medium (sulphuric acid solution) was used. Also, to determine the efficiency of extraction of Zn and Mn from used batteries, the following variables were studied: reagents concentration, S/L ratio, temperature, time. The best results for extraction yield of Zn and Mn were obtained under acid leaching conditions (2M H2SO4, 1h, 80°C).
Traian Buzatu; Gabriela Popescu; Ionela Birloaga; Simona Săceanu. Study concerning the recovery of zinc and manganese from spent batteries by hydrometallurgical processes. Waste Management 2013, 33, 699 -705.
AMA StyleTraian Buzatu, Gabriela Popescu, Ionela Birloaga, Simona Săceanu. Study concerning the recovery of zinc and manganese from spent batteries by hydrometallurgical processes. Waste Management. 2013; 33 (3):699-705.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTraian Buzatu; Gabriela Popescu; Ionela Birloaga; Simona Săceanu. 2013. "Study concerning the recovery of zinc and manganese from spent batteries by hydrometallurgical processes." Waste Management 33, no. 3: 699-705.