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Background: Eupatilin is an active flavon extracted from the Artemisia species and has properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer. We examined the effect of eupatilin using fine particulate matter (FPM) and human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) to confirm the potential of eupatilin as a therapeutic agent for respiratory diseases caused by FPM. Methods: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were checked by flow cytometry to identify if FPM and eupatilin affect ROS production. Western blotting was performed to identify the mechanism of action of eupatilin in FPM-exposed BEAS-2B cells. Results: When cells were exposed to FPM above 12.5 μg/mL concentration for 24 h, ROS production increased significantly compared to the control. When eupatilin was added to cells exposed to FPM, the ROS level decreased proportionally with the eupatilin dose. The phosphorylation of Akt, NF-κB p65, and p38 MAPK induced by FPM was significantly reduced by eupatilin, respectively. Conclusion: FPM cause respiratory disease by producing ROS in bronchial epithelial cells. Eupatilin has been shown to inhibit ROS production through altering signaling pathways. The ROS inhibiting property of eupatilin can be exploited in FPM induced respiratory disorders.
Dong Lee; Jeong-Min Oh; Hyunsu Choi; Sung Kim; Soo Kim; Byung Kim; Jin Cho; Joohyung Lee; Ji-Sun Kim. Eupatilin Inhibits Reactive Oxygen Species Generation via Akt/NF-κB/MAPK Signaling Pathways in Particulate Matter-Exposed Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Toxics 2021, 9, 38 .
AMA StyleDong Lee, Jeong-Min Oh, Hyunsu Choi, Sung Kim, Soo Kim, Byung Kim, Jin Cho, Joohyung Lee, Ji-Sun Kim. Eupatilin Inhibits Reactive Oxygen Species Generation via Akt/NF-κB/MAPK Signaling Pathways in Particulate Matter-Exposed Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Toxics. 2021; 9 (2):38.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDong Lee; Jeong-Min Oh; Hyunsu Choi; Sung Kim; Soo Kim; Byung Kim; Jin Cho; Joohyung Lee; Ji-Sun Kim. 2021. "Eupatilin Inhibits Reactive Oxygen Species Generation via Akt/NF-κB/MAPK Signaling Pathways in Particulate Matter-Exposed Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells." Toxics 9, no. 2: 38.
Particulate matter (PM), which contains organic compounds and toxic metals, is the major cause of air pollution. PM enters the body, causing various health problems. Although the effects of PM on the lower respiratory tract have been extensively investigated, the effects on the upper respiratory tract (including the nasal cavity) require further evaluation. To investigate the effect of fluticasone propionate (FP) on nasal fibroblasts exposed to UPM. Samples of inferior turbinate tissue were obtained from six patients. The fibroblasts isolated from these samples were exposed to UPM and/or FP. The expression of interleukin (IL)-6, CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL) 1, IL-1β, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in nasal fibroblasts was analysed using real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The protein levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) were analysed by western blotting. FP reversed the UPM-induced reduction in cell viability. The mRNA and protein levels of IL-6, CXCL1, IL-1β, and TNF-α were significantly increased by UPM. FP reversed the UPM-induced increases in the protein levels of NF-κB and phosphorylated-STAT3 in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, TNF-α, an inducer of NF-κB, reversed the FP-induced reduction in the levels of signalling molecules. UPM induces the expression of IL-6, CXCL1, IL-1β, and TNF-α in nasal fibroblasts and this effect is reversed by FP via the STAT3 and NF-κB signalling pathways. These results suggest that FP has therapeutic potential for nasal diseases related to UPM, such as allergic and chronic rhinitis.
Ji-Sun Kim; Hyunsu Choi; Jeong-Min Oh; Yoon-Ho Kim; Sung Won Kim; Soo Whan Kim; Byung Guk Kim; Jin Hee Cho; Joohyung Lee; Dong Chang Lee. Effect of fluticasone propionate on human nasal fibroblasts exposed to urban particulate matter. Auris Nasus Larynx 2019, 47, 415 -424.
AMA StyleJi-Sun Kim, Hyunsu Choi, Jeong-Min Oh, Yoon-Ho Kim, Sung Won Kim, Soo Whan Kim, Byung Guk Kim, Jin Hee Cho, Joohyung Lee, Dong Chang Lee. Effect of fluticasone propionate on human nasal fibroblasts exposed to urban particulate matter. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2019; 47 (3):415-424.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJi-Sun Kim; Hyunsu Choi; Jeong-Min Oh; Yoon-Ho Kim; Sung Won Kim; Soo Whan Kim; Byung Guk Kim; Jin Hee Cho; Joohyung Lee; Dong Chang Lee. 2019. "Effect of fluticasone propionate on human nasal fibroblasts exposed to urban particulate matter." Auris Nasus Larynx 47, no. 3: 415-424.