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Puneet Verma
School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane 4001, Australia

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Journal article
Published: 28 August 2021 in Materials Science for Energy Technologies
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The simultaneous impact of a building's electricity consumption and thermal performance is analyzed in this paper by taking a thermal model of a retail building located in Ranchi, India. A Baseline design of retail building having a rectangular footprint area is compared with four buildings with different footprint areas (Rectangular, T, L, H and U), in the South-West orientation. The thermal models for lighting of retail building are developed using eQuest software, and results obtained were validated experimentally. Intensity of light is reduced by 35% in baseline building corresponding to the amount of energy saved by upgrading to a T8 fluorescent fixture from a T12 fluorescent fixture. Average daylight factor of retail building in hot summer was found to be 34.80% experimentally and 28.98% through simulation. Based on energy consumption it is found that, for temperate buildings with rectangular footprints, buildings with L footprints, and buildings with H footprints are preferable when targeting net-zero energy status. The results encourage architects and engineers to work out an effective framework to enhance the use of natural illumination energy and suitable lighting according to buildings layout.

ACS Style

Om Prakash; Asim Ahmad; Anil Kumar; S.M. Mozammil Hasnain; Ali Zare; Puneet Verma. Thermal performance and energy consumption analysis of retail buildings through daylighting: a numerical model with experimental validation. Materials Science for Energy Technologies 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Om Prakash, Asim Ahmad, Anil Kumar, S.M. Mozammil Hasnain, Ali Zare, Puneet Verma. Thermal performance and energy consumption analysis of retail buildings through daylighting: a numerical model with experimental validation. Materials Science for Energy Technologies. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Om Prakash; Asim Ahmad; Anil Kumar; S.M. Mozammil Hasnain; Ali Zare; Puneet Verma. 2021. "Thermal performance and energy consumption analysis of retail buildings through daylighting: a numerical model with experimental validation." Materials Science for Energy Technologies , no. : 1.

Review
Published: 23 February 2021 in Sustainability
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The transportation sector of the world is in the transformation stage, shifting from conventional fossil fuel-powered vehicles to zero or ultra-low tailpipe emission vehicles. To support this transformation, a proper charging station (CS) infrastructure in combination with information technology, smart distributed energy generating units, and favorable government policies are required. The motive of this paper is to address the key aspects to be taken care of while planning for the charging station infrastructure for electric vehicles. The paper also provides major indagation and developments in planning and technological aspects that are going on for the enhancement of the design and efficient management of charging station infrastructure. The paper addresses the present scenario of India related to electric vehicle charging station developments. The paper specially provides a critical review on the research and developments in the charging station infrastructure, the problems associated with it, and the efforts that are going on for its standardization to help the researchers address the problems.

ACS Style

Shubham Mishra; Shrey Verma; Subhankar Chowdhury; Ambar Gaur; Subhashree Mohapatra; Gaurav Dwivedi; Puneet Verma. A Comprehensive Review on Developments in Electric Vehicle Charging Station Infrastructure and Present Scenario of India. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2396 .

AMA Style

Shubham Mishra, Shrey Verma, Subhankar Chowdhury, Ambar Gaur, Subhashree Mohapatra, Gaurav Dwivedi, Puneet Verma. A Comprehensive Review on Developments in Electric Vehicle Charging Station Infrastructure and Present Scenario of India. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):2396.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shubham Mishra; Shrey Verma; Subhankar Chowdhury; Ambar Gaur; Subhashree Mohapatra; Gaurav Dwivedi; Puneet Verma. 2021. "A Comprehensive Review on Developments in Electric Vehicle Charging Station Infrastructure and Present Scenario of India." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 2396.

Journal article
Published: 24 January 2021 in Environmental Pollution
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This study investigates the morphology and nanostructure of soot particles during cold-start and hot-start engine operation of a diesel engine using oxygenated fuels. The soot samples were analysed using transmission electron microscopy. The oxygen content in the fuel was varied between 0 and 12%. The results showed that the primary particles during cold-start have significantly smaller size when compared to hot-start engine operation. The addition of oxygenated fuels also resulted in smaller sized primary particles. Smaller radius of gyration and higher fractal dimension of soot aggregates during cold-start would mean smaller aggregate size with a more compact structure. Shorter fringes with a higher inter-fringe spacing for cold-start would mean lower graphitisation of soot particles that could be related to higher oxidation reactivity of soot particles.

ACS Style

Puneet Verma; Mohammad Jafari; Ali Zare; Edmund Pickering; Yi Guo; Chiemeriwo Godday Osuagwu; Svetlana Stevanovic; Richard Brown; Zoran Ristovski. Soot particle morphology and nanostructure with oxygenated fuels: A comparative study into cold-start and hot-start operation. Environmental Pollution 2021, 275, 116592 .

AMA Style

Puneet Verma, Mohammad Jafari, Ali Zare, Edmund Pickering, Yi Guo, Chiemeriwo Godday Osuagwu, Svetlana Stevanovic, Richard Brown, Zoran Ristovski. Soot particle morphology and nanostructure with oxygenated fuels: A comparative study into cold-start and hot-start operation. Environmental Pollution. 2021; 275 ():116592.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Puneet Verma; Mohammad Jafari; Ali Zare; Edmund Pickering; Yi Guo; Chiemeriwo Godday Osuagwu; Svetlana Stevanovic; Richard Brown; Zoran Ristovski. 2021. "Soot particle morphology and nanostructure with oxygenated fuels: A comparative study into cold-start and hot-start operation." Environmental Pollution 275, no. : 116592.

Conference paper
Published: 26 October 2020 in Materials Today: Proceedings
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Solar adsorption refrigeration systems are indispensable in the areas of cooling such as air conditioning, ice making, food preservation, medicine and vaccine storage etc in remote areas. It is cheaper than other devices and lack in noise and corrosion. It is completely an eco-friendly system which could be driven by low grade waste heat. Consumption of electricity is very less in this system as compared to other fields due to the elimination of compression process in adsorption refrigeration. Most of the adsorption system delivers a COP between 0.1 and 0.2 and exceptions are also there. Because of the technical, economic and environmental problems, researches are going on in these areas. Nowadays it is incorporated with vapour compression system to make hybrid system in order to achieve a greater COP and efficiency. This paper presents the basic and advanced aspects of adsorption refrigeration cycle and its hybrid arrangements with pre-existing system. This paper described the different types of conventional and novel adsorbent – adsorbate working pairs and provides detailed review about the past and present state of art research in this field.

ACS Style

Manish Kumar Ojha; Anoop Kumar Shukla; Puneet Verma; Ravindra Kannojiya. Recent progress and outlook of solar adsorption refrigeration systems. Materials Today: Proceedings 2020, 46, 5639 -5646.

AMA Style

Manish Kumar Ojha, Anoop Kumar Shukla, Puneet Verma, Ravindra Kannojiya. Recent progress and outlook of solar adsorption refrigeration systems. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2020; 46 ():5639-5646.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manish Kumar Ojha; Anoop Kumar Shukla; Puneet Verma; Ravindra Kannojiya. 2020. "Recent progress and outlook of solar adsorption refrigeration systems." Materials Today: Proceedings 46, no. : 5639-5646.

Review
Published: 23 October 2020 in Materials Today: Proceedings
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In the present scenario fluctuating oil prices and disrupting energy demand and supply chain of the world makes an energy-intensive country like India which mostly depends on the oil and gas import from gulf countries to fulfill its energy needs, vulnerable to energy security. Biodiesel has emerged as a potential alternative to diesel, but its production on a large scale has barriers such as high production cost. Waste Cooking Oil emerges as a cheaper option to biodiesel feedstock, thus reducing overall biodiesel production cost relative to other feedstocks. Additionally, it solves the waste oil disposal problem. The main aim of this review paper is to discuss and highlight the effects of different catalysts and process intensification techniques on the yield of biodiesel derived from the waste cooking oil (WCO). This review paper also provides an overview of the Indian scenario in the context of the collection mechanism for waste cooking oil and its potential for biodiesel production.

ACS Style

Ambar Gaur; Shubham Mishra; Subhankar Chowdhury; Prashant Baredar; Puneet Verma. A review on factor affecting biodiesel production from waste cooking oil: An Indian perspective. Materials Today: Proceedings 2020, 46, 5594 -5600.

AMA Style

Ambar Gaur, Shubham Mishra, Subhankar Chowdhury, Prashant Baredar, Puneet Verma. A review on factor affecting biodiesel production from waste cooking oil: An Indian perspective. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2020; 46 ():5594-5600.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ambar Gaur; Shubham Mishra; Subhankar Chowdhury; Prashant Baredar; Puneet Verma. 2020. "A review on factor affecting biodiesel production from waste cooking oil: An Indian perspective." Materials Today: Proceedings 46, no. : 5594-5600.

Review
Published: 10 August 2020 in Energies
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India is a nation with a diverse economy that requires tremendous resources to completely meet the desires of its compatriots in various sectors. In terms of energy resources and requirements, coal-based power plants can fulfill the bulk of these electricity needs. India is very reliant on coal, which is used in power plants as a primary energy source. However, the usage of coal energy at a higher level continuously pollutes the atmosphere. The Indian power market alone accounts for half of the country’s CO2 emissions, which implies that significant action is needed to contain environmental pollution. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a bridging technique and feasible alternative for the carbon fired plant processing of CO2. However, the application of CCS in coal-fired power stations is still uncommon in the nation. At the UNFCCC Paris Summit, India committed to reduce its carbon emission intensity by approximately 30–33% by 2030. In this work, several CCS systems, possible CO2 origins, and emission levels in India are discussed. Various advanced methods for CO2 capture and separation are also highlighted. Furthermore, the current work discusses CCS situations and the applications of CCS in India along with its manifold challenges.

ACS Style

Anoop Kumar Shukla; Zoheb Ahmad; Meeta Sharma; Gaurav Dwivedi; Tikendra Nath Verma; Siddharth Jain; Puneet Verma; Ali Zare. Advances of Carbon Capture and Storage in Coal-Based Power Generating Units in an Indian Context. Energies 2020, 13, 4124 .

AMA Style

Anoop Kumar Shukla, Zoheb Ahmad, Meeta Sharma, Gaurav Dwivedi, Tikendra Nath Verma, Siddharth Jain, Puneet Verma, Ali Zare. Advances of Carbon Capture and Storage in Coal-Based Power Generating Units in an Indian Context. Energies. 2020; 13 (16):4124.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anoop Kumar Shukla; Zoheb Ahmad; Meeta Sharma; Gaurav Dwivedi; Tikendra Nath Verma; Siddharth Jain; Puneet Verma; Ali Zare. 2020. "Advances of Carbon Capture and Storage in Coal-Based Power Generating Units in an Indian Context." Energies 13, no. 16: 4124.

Journal article
Published: 11 May 2020 in Fuel
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The rising pollution levels resulting from vehicular emissions and limited reserves of petroleum based fuels have left mankind in pursuit of alternatives to diesel. There have been stringent regulations generated by authorities around the world regarding vehicular emissions from internal combustion engines. To this end, researchers have been exploring different sources of alternative fuels such as biodiesel produced from non-edible oil sources such as Karanja, Jatropha accompanied by the alcohol fuels, methanol, ethanol, butanol and propanol. This work has experimentally investigated the impacts of various blends of Karanja biodiesel with a chain of fewer alcohols (ethanol, 2-propanol, methanol, 1-butanol and 1-pentanol) to identify the potential of higher alcohols in the production of biodiesel and application to the diesel engine. The results showed that the brake thermal efficiency was decreased by 3.3%, while an increased brake specific fuel consumption was recorded for KOPnE20 by 11.75% compared to the mineral diesel fuel, which could be attributed to the higher calorific values of the respective fuels. The emission results indicated that the carbon dioxide emission increased by 32.25% while the nitrogen of oxide emission decreased by 6.72% for KOPnE20 compared to the diesel fuel at full load condition.

ACS Style

Puneet Verma; Gaurav Dwivedi; Arun Kumar Behura; Devendra Kumar Patel; Tikendra Nath Verma; Arivalagan Pugazhendhi. Experimental investigation of diesel engine fuelled with different alkyl esters of Karanja oil. Fuel 2020, 275, 117920 .

AMA Style

Puneet Verma, Gaurav Dwivedi, Arun Kumar Behura, Devendra Kumar Patel, Tikendra Nath Verma, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi. Experimental investigation of diesel engine fuelled with different alkyl esters of Karanja oil. Fuel. 2020; 275 ():117920.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Puneet Verma; Gaurav Dwivedi; Arun Kumar Behura; Devendra Kumar Patel; Tikendra Nath Verma; Arivalagan Pugazhendhi. 2020. "Experimental investigation of diesel engine fuelled with different alkyl esters of Karanja oil." Fuel 275, no. : 117920.

Articles
Published: 24 April 2020 in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects
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Solar clean energy can be harnessed by several methods using technologies like solar heating, photovoltaic cell, solar architecture, photosynthesis. Solar energy is converted either by active technologies or by passive technologies by the method they capture and distribute solar energy. In view of this, the paper represents the optimization result on Nusselt number and thermal efficiency for 3 sides roughened solar air heater using the hybrid approach of response surface method (RSM) and multi objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm. The values of input parameters are taken according to the experimental values. The value of the output parameters, Nusselt Number and thermal efficiency are found to be in the range of 65–80 and 63–75%, respectively, for the optimum value of the input parameters are Reynolds number, 12000–13000, the relative roughness pitch, 10, the relative roughness height 0.03–0.04 and the rate of mass flow is 0.04 kg/s using MOPSO approach, and the optimum solution is identified by application of maximum deviation theory (MDT) approach. A confirmative test has been conducted to validate the optimum results obtained with an error of 3.39 percentages.

ACS Style

Chinmaya Prasad Mohanty; Arun Kumar Behura; Manas Ranjan Singh; Bishwa Nath Prasad; Ashwini Kumar; Gaurav Dwivedi; Puneet Verma. Parametric performance optimization of three sides roughened solar air heater. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 2020, 1 -21.

AMA Style

Chinmaya Prasad Mohanty, Arun Kumar Behura, Manas Ranjan Singh, Bishwa Nath Prasad, Ashwini Kumar, Gaurav Dwivedi, Puneet Verma. Parametric performance optimization of three sides roughened solar air heater. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects. 2020; ():1-21.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chinmaya Prasad Mohanty; Arun Kumar Behura; Manas Ranjan Singh; Bishwa Nath Prasad; Ashwini Kumar; Gaurav Dwivedi; Puneet Verma. 2020. "Parametric performance optimization of three sides roughened solar air heater." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects , no. : 1-21.

Journal article
Published: 07 March 2020 in Energy Conversion and Management
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This study investigates the effect of engine temperature during cold start and hot start engine operation on particulate matter emissions and engine performance parameters. In addition to a fundamental study on cold start operation and the effect of lubricating oil during combustion, this research introduces important knowledge about regulated particulate number emissions and particulate size distribution during cold start, which is an emerging area in the literature. A further aspect of this work is to introduce waste lubricating oil as a fuel. By using diesel and two blends of diesel with 1 and 5% waste lubricating oil in a 6-cylinder turbocharged engine on a cold start custom test, this investigation studied particle number (PN), friction losses and combustion instability with diesel and waste lubricating oil fuel blends. In order to understand and explain the results the following were also studied: particle size distribution and median diameter, engine oil, coolant and exhaust gas temperatures, start of injection, friction mean effective pressure (FMEP), mechanical efficiency, coefficient of variation (CoV) of engine speed, CoV of indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) and maximum rate of pressure rise were also studied. The results showed that during cold start the increase in engine temperature was associated with an increase in PN and size of particles, and a decrease in FMEP and maximum rate of pressure rise. Compared to a warmed up engine, during cold start, PN, start of injection and mechanical efficiency were lower; while FMEP, CoV of IMEP and maximum rate of pressure rise were higher. Adding 5% waste lubricating oil to the fuel was associated with a decrease in PN (during cold start), decreased particle size, maximum rate of pressure rise and CoV of IMEP and was associated with an increase in PN and nucleation mode particles (during hot start) and FMEP.

ACS Style

Ali Zare; Timothy A. Bodisco; Puneet Verma; Mohammad Jafari; Meisam Babaie; Liping Yang; Mostafizur Rahman; Andrew Banks; Zoran D. Ristovski; Russell Brown; Svetlana Stevanovic. Emissions and performance with diesel and waste lubricating oil: A fundamental study into cold start operation with a special focus on particle number size distribution. Energy Conversion and Management 2020, 209, 112604 .

AMA Style

Ali Zare, Timothy A. Bodisco, Puneet Verma, Mohammad Jafari, Meisam Babaie, Liping Yang, Mostafizur Rahman, Andrew Banks, Zoran D. Ristovski, Russell Brown, Svetlana Stevanovic. Emissions and performance with diesel and waste lubricating oil: A fundamental study into cold start operation with a special focus on particle number size distribution. Energy Conversion and Management. 2020; 209 ():112604.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ali Zare; Timothy A. Bodisco; Puneet Verma; Mohammad Jafari; Meisam Babaie; Liping Yang; Mostafizur Rahman; Andrew Banks; Zoran D. Ristovski; Russell Brown; Svetlana Stevanovic. 2020. "Emissions and performance with diesel and waste lubricating oil: A fundamental study into cold start operation with a special focus on particle number size distribution." Energy Conversion and Management 209, no. : 112604.

Journal article
Published: 20 January 2020 in Carbon
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Four types of fuels blended with diesel in scaling proportion were used in a diesel engine to generate 13 different soot samples. The samples were characterised for their thermal-induced oxidation process with DSC and TGA from which the mass loss during each of three phases and 6 critical temperatures was obtained per sample. With the same samples, soot chemical structure was characterised by Raman, XPS and TEM. This analysis provided information on different carbon chemical structures, O/C ratio on the sample surface, and nanostructure (fringe length and tortuosity). It was observed that generally for oxygenated fuel blends, the soot samples are more reactive, have more O functional groups on the carbon layer edge plane and have smaller polyaromatic layer size than reference diesel soots, while aromatic fuel blends show the opposite trends. However, the trend was not distinctive for all the samples analysed. Nevertheless, the two groups of data are highly correlated which implies that the chemical structure is the underlying reason dominating the soot reactivity. Specifically, the soot samples with more O functional groups and/or C–C bonds on the edge plane, are more reactive, they lose more mass at the lower temperature range and require lower temperature to initiate oxidation.

ACS Style

Yi Guo; Zoran Ristovski; Elizabeth Graham; Svetlana Stevanovic; Puneet Verma; Mohammad Jafari; Branka Miljevic; Richard Brown. The correlation between diesel soot chemical structure and reactivity. Carbon 2020, 161, 736 -749.

AMA Style

Yi Guo, Zoran Ristovski, Elizabeth Graham, Svetlana Stevanovic, Puneet Verma, Mohammad Jafari, Branka Miljevic, Richard Brown. The correlation between diesel soot chemical structure and reactivity. Carbon. 2020; 161 ():736-749.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yi Guo; Zoran Ristovski; Elizabeth Graham; Svetlana Stevanovic; Puneet Verma; Mohammad Jafari; Branka Miljevic; Richard Brown. 2020. "The correlation between diesel soot chemical structure and reactivity." Carbon 161, no. : 736-749.

Journal article
Published: 11 December 2019 in Fuel
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Nitrogen (N) content in algae hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) biocrude is high (5–8 wt%) and generally presumed to result in high NOx emissions during combustion. However, to our knowledge a very limited previous work on diesel engine performance and emissions of N-containing fuels. In order to investigate this issue, pyridine, an N-heterocyclic compound commonly found in algae biocrude, was blended with diesel fuel. This study investigated the influence of N in fuels, using a surrogate fuel to simulate algal biocrude, to determine the combustion behavior and emissions profile of an industrial multi-cylinder diesel engine. The presence of N in the fuel affected its physical properties. Density was slightly higher than neat diesel, while the viscosity, the flash point and the higher heating value (HHV) of the N-containing fuels reduced with increasing N content. The flash point of N-containing fuels were reduced, which affects the storage and transportation of the fuel. The engine load between 25 and 75% was observed to have an effect on engine performance parameters. Compared to diesel, N-containing fuels emitted both lower carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbons (HC). Increasing nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions were observed with increasing N content in the fuels. At 50% and 75% loads, NOx emissions from N0.1 (0.1 wt% N), N0.5 (0.5 wt% N) and N2 (2 wt% N) were lower than for EUROIII. Particulate matter (PM) was lower for N-containing fuels compared to diesel fuel except for N0.1.

ACS Style

Farah Obeid; Thuy Chu Van; Eva Johanna Horchler; Yi Guo; Puneet Verma; Branka Miljevic; Richard J. Brown; Zoran Ristovski; Timothy A. Bodisco; Thomas Rainey. Engine performance and emissions of high nitrogen-containing fuels. Fuel 2019, 264, 116805 .

AMA Style

Farah Obeid, Thuy Chu Van, Eva Johanna Horchler, Yi Guo, Puneet Verma, Branka Miljevic, Richard J. Brown, Zoran Ristovski, Timothy A. Bodisco, Thomas Rainey. Engine performance and emissions of high nitrogen-containing fuels. Fuel. 2019; 264 ():116805.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Farah Obeid; Thuy Chu Van; Eva Johanna Horchler; Yi Guo; Puneet Verma; Branka Miljevic; Richard J. Brown; Zoran Ristovski; Timothy A. Bodisco; Thomas Rainey. 2019. "Engine performance and emissions of high nitrogen-containing fuels." Fuel 264, no. : 116805.

Journal article
Published: 21 October 2019 in Energy Conversion and Management
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Rising concerns over environmental and health issues of internal combustion engines, along with growing energy demands, have motivated investigation into alternative fuels derived from biomasses, such as biodiesel. Investigating engine and exhaust emission behaviour of such alternative fuels is vital in order to assess suitability for further utilisation. Since many parameters are relevant, an effective multivariate analysis tool is required to identify the underlying factors that affect the engine performance and exhaust emissions. This study utilises principal component analysis (PCA) to present a comprehensive correlation of various engine performance and emission parameters in a compression ignition engine using diesel, biodiesel and triacetin. The results show that structure-borne acoustic emission is strongly correlated with engine parameters. Brake specific NOx, primary particle diameter and fringe length increases by increasing the rate of pressure rise. Longer ignition delay and higher engine speeds can increase the nucleation particle emissions. Higher air-fuel equivalence ratio can increase the oxidative potential of the soot by increasing fringe distance and tortuosity. The availability of oxygen in the cylinder, from the intake air or fuel, can increase soot aggregate compactness. Fuel oxygen content reduces particle mass and particle number in the accumulation mode; however, they increase the proportion of oxygenated organic species. PCA results for particle chemical and physical characteristics show that soot particles reactivity increases with fuel oxygen content.

ACS Style

Mohammad Jafari; Puneet Verma; Timothy A. Bodisco; Ali Zare; Nicholas C. Surawski; Pietro Borghesani; Svetlana Stevanovic; Yi Guo; Joel Alroe; Chiemeriwo Godday Osuagwu; Andelija Milic; Branka Miljevic; Zoran D. Ristovski; Richard J Brown. Multivariate analysis of performance and emission parameters in a diesel engine using biodiesel and oxygenated additive. Energy Conversion and Management 2019, 201, 112183 .

AMA Style

Mohammad Jafari, Puneet Verma, Timothy A. Bodisco, Ali Zare, Nicholas C. Surawski, Pietro Borghesani, Svetlana Stevanovic, Yi Guo, Joel Alroe, Chiemeriwo Godday Osuagwu, Andelija Milic, Branka Miljevic, Zoran D. Ristovski, Richard J Brown. Multivariate analysis of performance and emission parameters in a diesel engine using biodiesel and oxygenated additive. Energy Conversion and Management. 2019; 201 ():112183.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Jafari; Puneet Verma; Timothy A. Bodisco; Ali Zare; Nicholas C. Surawski; Pietro Borghesani; Svetlana Stevanovic; Yi Guo; Joel Alroe; Chiemeriwo Godday Osuagwu; Andelija Milic; Branka Miljevic; Zoran D. Ristovski; Richard J Brown. 2019. "Multivariate analysis of performance and emission parameters in a diesel engine using biodiesel and oxygenated additive." Energy Conversion and Management 201, no. : 112183.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2019 in Journal of Aerosol Science
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ACS Style

Puneet Verma; Edmund Pickering; Natascha Savic; Ali Zare; Richard J Brown; Zoran Ristovski. Comparison of manual and automatic approaches for characterisation of morphology and nanostructure of soot particles. Journal of Aerosol Science 2019, 136, 91 -105.

AMA Style

Puneet Verma, Edmund Pickering, Natascha Savic, Ali Zare, Richard J Brown, Zoran Ristovski. Comparison of manual and automatic approaches for characterisation of morphology and nanostructure of soot particles. Journal of Aerosol Science. 2019; 136 ():91-105.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Puneet Verma; Edmund Pickering; Natascha Savic; Ali Zare; Richard J Brown; Zoran Ristovski. 2019. "Comparison of manual and automatic approaches for characterisation of morphology and nanostructure of soot particles." Journal of Aerosol Science 136, no. : 91-105.

Journal article
Published: 18 September 2019 in Fuel
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Over the years, oxygenated fuels such as biodiesel and alcohol fuels have been useful in reducing particulate matter (PM) emissions of diesel engines. The presence of oxygen in the fuel impacts the soot oxidation process and thus the morphology and nanostructural characteristics of soot particles change. The nanostructure characteristics of soot particles hold an importance for their oxidation reactivity and toxicity. Higher reactivity and exposure of soot particles to oxygen will affect the regeneration and filtration efficiency of diesel particulate filters. In this study, we investigate the impact of oxygen functional groups on morphology and nanostructure of soot particles by blending different types of essential oil in diesel. The test fuels were prepared by mixing orange oil, tea tree oil, eucalyptus oil and coconut biodiesel to keep an overall oxygen content of 0 and 2.2%. Transmission electron microscopy was used to investigate the physical changes in the nanostructure of soot particles. The primary particle diameter decreases, and fractal dimension of soot aggregates increases for oxygenated fuels. Microscopy reveals that the arrangement of carbon lamellae within the soot particles changes significantly with use of oxygenated as observed by the changes in fringe length, fringe tortuosity and fringe separation distance. Lower fringe length, higher fringe tortuosity and fringe separation distance shows disordered arrangement of carbon layers with more possibility of oxygen attack. The different structural characteristics for oils having same oxygen content shows that formation and structure of soot particles strongly depend upon chemical structure and composition of the fuel.

ACS Style

Puneet Verma; Mohammad Jafari; S M Ashrafur Rahman; Edmund Pickering; Svetlana Stevanovic; Ashley Dowell; Richard J Brown; Zoran Ristovski. The impact of chemical composition of oxygenated fuels on morphology and nanostructure of soot particles. Fuel 2019, 259, 116167 .

AMA Style

Puneet Verma, Mohammad Jafari, S M Ashrafur Rahman, Edmund Pickering, Svetlana Stevanovic, Ashley Dowell, Richard J Brown, Zoran Ristovski. The impact of chemical composition of oxygenated fuels on morphology and nanostructure of soot particles. Fuel. 2019; 259 ():116167.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Puneet Verma; Mohammad Jafari; S M Ashrafur Rahman; Edmund Pickering; Svetlana Stevanovic; Ashley Dowell; Richard J Brown; Zoran Ristovski. 2019. "The impact of chemical composition of oxygenated fuels on morphology and nanostructure of soot particles." Fuel 259, no. : 116167.

Journal article
Published: 17 September 2019 in Environmental Pollution
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Emissions from ships at berth are small compared to the total ship emissions; however, they are one of the main contributors to pollutants in the air of densely-populated areas, consequently heavily affecting public health. This is due to auxiliary marine engines being used to generate electric power and steam for heating and providing services. The present study has been conducted on an engine representative of a marine auxiliary, which was a heavy duty, six-cylinder, turbocharged and after-cooled engine with a high pressure common rail injection system. Engine performance and emission characterisations during cold start are the focus of this paper, since cold start is significantly influential. Three tested fuels were used, including the reference diesel and two IMO (International Maritime Organization) compliant spiked fuels. The research engine was operated at a constant speed and 25% load condition after 12 h cooled soak. Results show that during cold start, significant heat generated from combustion is used to heat the engine block, coolant and lubricant. During the first minute, compared to the second minute, emissions of particle number (PN), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) were approximately 10, 4, 2 and 1.5 times higher, respectively. The engine control unit (ECU) plays a vital role in reducing engine emissions by changing the engine injection strategy based on the engine coolant temperature. IMO-compliant fuels, which were higher viscosity fuels associated with high sulphur content, resulted in an engine emission increase during cold start. It should be taken into account that auxiliary marine diesel engines, working at partial load conditions during cold start, contribute considerably to emissions in coastal areas. It demonstrates a need to implement practical measures, such as engine pre-heating, to obtain both environmental and public health advantages in coastal areas.

ACS Style

Thuy Chu Van; Ali Zare; Mohammad Jafari; Timothy A. Bodisco; Nicholas Surawski; Puneet Verma; Kabir Suara; Zoran Ristovski; Thomas Rainey; Svetlana Stevanovic; Richard J. Brown. Effect of cold start on engine performance and emissions from diesel engines using IMO-Compliant distillate fuels. Environmental Pollution 2019, 255, 113260 .

AMA Style

Thuy Chu Van, Ali Zare, Mohammad Jafari, Timothy A. Bodisco, Nicholas Surawski, Puneet Verma, Kabir Suara, Zoran Ristovski, Thomas Rainey, Svetlana Stevanovic, Richard J. Brown. Effect of cold start on engine performance and emissions from diesel engines using IMO-Compliant distillate fuels. Environmental Pollution. 2019; 255 ():113260.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Thuy Chu Van; Ali Zare; Mohammad Jafari; Timothy A. Bodisco; Nicholas Surawski; Puneet Verma; Kabir Suara; Zoran Ristovski; Thomas Rainey; Svetlana Stevanovic; Richard J. Brown. 2019. "Effect of cold start on engine performance and emissions from diesel engines using IMO-Compliant distillate fuels." Environmental Pollution 255, no. : 113260.

Journal article
Published: 23 May 2019 in Energies
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Rising pollution levels resulting from vehicular emissions and the depletion of petroleum-based fuels have left mankind in pursuit of alternatives. There are stringent regulations around the world to control the particulate matter (PM) emissions from internal combustion engines. To this end, researchers have been exploring different measures to reduce PM emissions such as using modern combustion techniques, after-treatment systems such as diesel particulate filter (DPF) and gasoline particulate filter (GPF), and alternative fuels. Alternative fuels such as biodiesel (derived from edible, nonedible, and waste resources), alcohol fuels (ethanol, n-butanol, and n-pentanol), and fuel additives have been investigated over the last decade. PM characterization and toxicity analysis is still growing as researchers are developing methodologies to reduce particle emissions using various approaches such as fuel modification and after-treatment devices. To address these aspects, this review paper studies the PM characteristics, health issues, PM physical and chemical properties, and the effect of alternative fuels such as biodiesel, alcohol fuels, and oxygenated additives on PM emissions from diesel engines. In addition, the correlation between physical and chemical properties of alternate fuels and the characteristics of PM emissions is explored.

ACS Style

Puneet Verma; Svetlana Stevanovic; Ali Zare; Gaurav Dwivedi; Thuy Chu Van; Morgan Davidson; Thomas Rainey; Richard J. Brown; Zoran D. Ristovski. An Overview of the Influence of Biodiesel, Alcohols, and Various Oxygenated Additives on the Particulate Matter Emissions from Diesel Engines. Energies 2019, 12, 1987 .

AMA Style

Puneet Verma, Svetlana Stevanovic, Ali Zare, Gaurav Dwivedi, Thuy Chu Van, Morgan Davidson, Thomas Rainey, Richard J. Brown, Zoran D. Ristovski. An Overview of the Influence of Biodiesel, Alcohols, and Various Oxygenated Additives on the Particulate Matter Emissions from Diesel Engines. Energies. 2019; 12 (10):1987.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Puneet Verma; Svetlana Stevanovic; Ali Zare; Gaurav Dwivedi; Thuy Chu Van; Morgan Davidson; Thomas Rainey; Richard J. Brown; Zoran D. Ristovski. 2019. "An Overview of the Influence of Biodiesel, Alcohols, and Various Oxygenated Additives on the Particulate Matter Emissions from Diesel Engines." Energies 12, no. 10: 1987.

Research article
Published: 15 May 2019 in Energy & Fuels
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In order to comply with strict emission standards, a reduction in diesel particle matter (DPM) emissions can be addressed by minimising particle formation and by optimising particle oxidation in the combustion chamber and in the exhaust and diesel particulate filter systems. The characterisation of soot morphology and nanostructure is necessary to understand the soot formation and oxidation processes. Furthermore, understanding these characteristics is important because they affect the aerodynamic behaviour of diesel particulate matter in the exhaust system, diesel particulate filter systems, and the environment. This study aims to investigate the influence of fuel oxygen content and engine operating modes on the morphology and nanostructure of soot particles. The oxygen content in the fuel was varied from 0% to 4.32% and 6.48% by using diesel and 20 and 30% butanol blends (by volume) with diesel. As the oxygen content increased, corresponding nano-structure characteristics fringe length and separation distance increased and fringe tortuosity decreased. Changes to the nanostructure properties will have an influence on the operation of diesel particle filters, particularly during the regeneration processes. However, other characteristics such as influence of these fuels on particle mass and number emissions, performance parameters and gaseous emissions will also have a significant influence on implementing these fuels in modern diesel vehicles.

ACS Style

Puneet Verma; Mohammad Jafari; Yi Guo; Edmund Pickering; Svetlana Stevanovic; Timothy A. Bodisco; Joseph F. S. Fernando; Dmitri Golberg; Peter R Brooks; Richard J. Brown; Zoran Danil Ristovski. Experimental Analysis of the Morphology and Nanostructure of Soot Particles for Butanol/Diesel Blends at Different Engine Operating Modes. Energy & Fuels 2019, 33, 5632 -5646.

AMA Style

Puneet Verma, Mohammad Jafari, Yi Guo, Edmund Pickering, Svetlana Stevanovic, Timothy A. Bodisco, Joseph F. S. Fernando, Dmitri Golberg, Peter R Brooks, Richard J. Brown, Zoran Danil Ristovski. Experimental Analysis of the Morphology and Nanostructure of Soot Particles for Butanol/Diesel Blends at Different Engine Operating Modes. Energy & Fuels. 2019; 33 (6):5632-5646.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Puneet Verma; Mohammad Jafari; Yi Guo; Edmund Pickering; Svetlana Stevanovic; Timothy A. Bodisco; Joseph F. S. Fernando; Dmitri Golberg; Peter R Brooks; Richard J. Brown; Zoran Danil Ristovski. 2019. "Experimental Analysis of the Morphology and Nanostructure of Soot Particles for Butanol/Diesel Blends at Different Engine Operating Modes." Energy & Fuels 33, no. 6: 5632-5646.

Journal article
Published: 17 April 2019 in Combustion and Flame
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The share of biofuels in the fuel market has increased over the last several decades. This is related to their potential to reduce the emissions including particulate matter. It has been frequently reported that the fuel oxygen content is the main reason for the reduction in particulate matter emissions. To understand the effect of fuel oxygen content on morphology and nanostructure characteristics of soot particles, different fuels such as diesel, coconut biodiesel and triacetin were tested in a diesel engine with various mixing proportions. The fuel blending was done in such a way that overall oxygen content of fuel was kept in range of 0% to 14% (wt.%). The soot particles were sampled from the engine exhaust system and analysed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) at low and high spatial resolution. The TEM images were post-processed with the help of an in-house developed image analysis program to determine the morphology and nanostructure characteristics. The results show that oxygenated fuel blends emit smaller sized soot particles forming compact aggregates. The investigation of the internal structure of soot particles show disordered arrangement of graphene layers for fuels up to 11.01% fuel oxygen content (pure biodiesel); however, the opposite trend was observed for fuel blends with triacetin which could be related to the presence of oxygen in a different chemical functional group.

ACS Style

Puneet Verma; Edmund Pickering; Mohammad Jafari; Yi Guo; Svetlana Stevanovic; Joseph Fernando; Dmitri Golberg; Peter Brooks; Richard J Brown; Zoran Ristovski. Influence of fuel-oxygen content on morphology and nanostructure of soot particles. Combustion and Flame 2019, 205, 206 -219.

AMA Style

Puneet Verma, Edmund Pickering, Mohammad Jafari, Yi Guo, Svetlana Stevanovic, Joseph Fernando, Dmitri Golberg, Peter Brooks, Richard J Brown, Zoran Ristovski. Influence of fuel-oxygen content on morphology and nanostructure of soot particles. Combustion and Flame. 2019; 205 ():206-219.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Puneet Verma; Edmund Pickering; Mohammad Jafari; Yi Guo; Svetlana Stevanovic; Joseph Fernando; Dmitri Golberg; Peter Brooks; Richard J Brown; Zoran Ristovski. 2019. "Influence of fuel-oxygen content on morphology and nanostructure of soot particles." Combustion and Flame 205, no. : 206-219.

Journal article
Published: 11 March 2019 in Fuel
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The study investigates the impact of the physical properties of biodiesel particulate matter on the performance of diesel particulate filters (DPF). Filtration efficiency (FE) and pressure drop (PD), as a function of loading time, were studied on a DPF for a range of biodiesel fuels with varying fuel molecular oxygen content from 0% (diesel) to 14%. The change in the oxygen content of the fuel resulted in diesel particle matter (DPM) with significantly different physical properties. FE and PD were investigated during the deep bed filtration stage, chosen because it presents the start of the loading process, which is a crucial step for high performance filtration. Firstly, we investigated the influence of the size distribution of various particles on the deep bed filtration, wherein size distributions of PM were measured before and after the DPF. The results show that for all fuels the FE is higher for smaller particles, as diffusion is the dominant process governing the filtration in tested conditions. Further we found that FE for biodiesel particles were up to 10% lower than for diesel particles at the beginning of the loading process, but with that difference diminishing as the filter fully loads. This result is attributed to the increase in the particulate fractal dimension with a higher biodiesel fraction resulting in more compact particles with lower diffusion coefficients. In addition, the study also demonstrated that the change of FE during the loading process is dependent on the physical properties of DPM. DPF performs differently for biodiesel soot as compared to diesel soot, with biodiesel soot causing higher PD for the same mass of the soot loaded on the DPF. This effect was attributed to the smaller primary particulate size of the biodiesel particles. The results presented in this study will further facilitate understanding of the filtration processes of particulate matter and validate detailed filtration models for the prediction of the filtration efficiency (FE) and pressure drop (PD) depending on the particle morphological properties.

ACS Style

Yi Guo; Svetlana Stevanovic; Puneet Verma; Mohammad Jafari; Nassib Jabbour; Reece Brown; Luke Cravigan; Joel Alroe; Chiemeriwo Godday Osuagwu; Richard Brown; Barbara D'Anna; Zoran Ristovski. An experimental study of the role of biodiesel on the performance of diesel particulate filters. Fuel 2019, 247, 67 -76.

AMA Style

Yi Guo, Svetlana Stevanovic, Puneet Verma, Mohammad Jafari, Nassib Jabbour, Reece Brown, Luke Cravigan, Joel Alroe, Chiemeriwo Godday Osuagwu, Richard Brown, Barbara D'Anna, Zoran Ristovski. An experimental study of the role of biodiesel on the performance of diesel particulate filters. Fuel. 2019; 247 ():67-76.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yi Guo; Svetlana Stevanovic; Puneet Verma; Mohammad Jafari; Nassib Jabbour; Reece Brown; Luke Cravigan; Joel Alroe; Chiemeriwo Godday Osuagwu; Richard Brown; Barbara D'Anna; Zoran Ristovski. 2019. "An experimental study of the role of biodiesel on the performance of diesel particulate filters." Fuel 247, no. : 67-76.

Conference paper
Published: 05 December 2018 in Materials Today: Proceedings
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The crude oil prices in world market is increasing day by day and focus is being shifted to find out substitutes of petroleum diesel and biodiesel has emerged out to be potential alternative fuel. In earlier times, biodiesel was mainly being produced from edible oils but that has led negative impact due to scarcity of food crops in developing nations. So non-edible oils are found to be suitable for biodiesel production and Pongamia oil is selected as it is 2nd in availability among non-edible oils. Main hindrance towards production of biodiesel is the technologies adopted. Up till now, only methanol and to a lesser extent ethanol has been preferred for transesterification. There is scope of using higher alcohols for production of biodiesel and as n-butanol can be obtained from renewable sources, it also holds good prospect. As per the literature, optimised reaction parameters have been studied and followed for transesterification reactions to reduce the cost of production which includes, 1% Catalyst Concentration of NaOH by weight of oil, 6:1 alcohol to oil molar ratio, 60 °C reaction temperature and 60 minutes reaction time. Yield of biodiesel prepared from different short chain alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol and n-butanol) and fuel properties were compared for optimising the selection of alcohol.

ACS Style

Puneet Verma; M.P. Sharma; Gaurav Dwivedi. Effect of Short Chain Alcohols on Yield of Biodiesel Produced from Pongamia Oil. Materials Today: Proceedings 2018, 5, 22916 -22921.

AMA Style

Puneet Verma, M.P. Sharma, Gaurav Dwivedi. Effect of Short Chain Alcohols on Yield of Biodiesel Produced from Pongamia Oil. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2018; 5 (11):22916-22921.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Puneet Verma; M.P. Sharma; Gaurav Dwivedi. 2018. "Effect of Short Chain Alcohols on Yield of Biodiesel Produced from Pongamia Oil." Materials Today: Proceedings 5, no. 11: 22916-22921.