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Bio-Engineer and programmer. Specialized in Geoscience-web applications.
Exposure describes elements which are imperiled by natural hazards and susceptible to damage. The affiliated vulnerability characterizes the likelihood to experience damage regarding a given level of hazard intensity. Frequently, the compilation of exposure information is the costliest component (in terms of time and labor) in risk assessment. Existing data sets and models often describe exposure in an aggregated manner, e.g., by relying on statistical/census data for given administrative entities. Nowadays, earth observation techniques allow to collect spatially continuous information for large geographic areas while enabling a high geometric and temporal resolution. In parallel, modern data interpretation tools based on Artificial Intelligence concepts enable the extraction of thematic information from such data with a high accuracy and detail. Consequently, we exploit measurements from the earth observation missions TanDEM-X and Sentinel-2, which collect data on a global scale, to characterize the built environment in terms of fundamental morphologic properties, namely built-up density and height. Subsequently, we use this information to constrain existing exposure data in a spatial disaggregation approach. Thereby, we compare different methods for disaggregation and evaluate how different resolution properties of the earth observation data affect the risk assessment result. Results are presented for the city of Santiago de Chile, Chile, which is prone to natural hazards such as earthquakes. We present loss estimations and corresponding sensivity with respect to the resolution properties of the exposure data used in the model. Thereby, it can be noted how loss estimations vary substantially and that aggregated exposure information underestimates losses in our scenarios. As such, this study underlines the benefits of deploying modern earth observation technologies for refined exposure estimation and related loss estimation.
Christian Geiß; Patrick Aravena Pelizari; Peter Priesmeier; Angélica Rocio Soto Calderon; Elisabeth Schoepfer; Michael Langbein; Torsten Riedlinger; Hernán Santa María; Juan Camilo Gómez Zapata; Massimiliano Pittore; Hannes Taubenböck. Earth Observation Techniques for Spatial Disaggregation of Exposure Data . 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleChristian Geiß, Patrick Aravena Pelizari, Peter Priesmeier, Angélica Rocio Soto Calderon, Elisabeth Schoepfer, Michael Langbein, Torsten Riedlinger, Hernán Santa María, Juan Camilo Gómez Zapata, Massimiliano Pittore, Hannes Taubenböck. Earth Observation Techniques for Spatial Disaggregation of Exposure Data . . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristian Geiß; Patrick Aravena Pelizari; Peter Priesmeier; Angélica Rocio Soto Calderon; Elisabeth Schoepfer; Michael Langbein; Torsten Riedlinger; Hernán Santa María; Juan Camilo Gómez Zapata; Massimiliano Pittore; Hannes Taubenböck. 2021. "Earth Observation Techniques for Spatial Disaggregation of Exposure Data ." , no. : 1.
The inhabitants of Latacunga living in the surrounding of the Cotopaxi volcano (Ecuador) are exposed to several hazards and related disasters. After the last 2015 volcanic eruption, it became evident once again how important it is for the exposed population to understand their own social, physical, and systemic vulnerability. Effective risk communication is essential before the occurrence of a volcanic crisis. This study integrates quantitative risk and semi-quantitative social risk perceptions, aiming for risk-informed communities. We present the use of the RIESGOS demonstrator for interactive exploration and visualisation of risk scenarios. The development of this demonstrator through an iterative process with the local experts and potential end-users increases both the quality of the technical tool as well as its practical applicability. Moreover, the community risk perception in a focused area was investigated through online and field surveys. Geo-located interviews are used to map the social perception of volcanic risk factors. Scenario-based outcomes from quantitative risk assessment obtained by the RIESGOS demonstrator are compared with the semi-quantitative risk perceptions. We have found that further efforts are required to provide the exposed communities with a better understanding of the concepts of hazard scenario and intensity.
Juan Gomez-Zapata; Cristhian Parrado; Theresa Frimberger; Fernando Barragán-Ochoa; Fabio Brill; Kerstin Büche; Michael Krautblatter; Michael Langbein; Massimiliano Pittore; Hugo Rosero-Velásquez; Elisabeth Schoepfer; Harald Spahn; Camilo Zapata-Tapia. Community Perception and Communication of Volcanic Risk from the Cotopaxi Volcano in Latacunga, Ecuador. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1714 .
AMA StyleJuan Gomez-Zapata, Cristhian Parrado, Theresa Frimberger, Fernando Barragán-Ochoa, Fabio Brill, Kerstin Büche, Michael Krautblatter, Michael Langbein, Massimiliano Pittore, Hugo Rosero-Velásquez, Elisabeth Schoepfer, Harald Spahn, Camilo Zapata-Tapia. Community Perception and Communication of Volcanic Risk from the Cotopaxi Volcano in Latacunga, Ecuador. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):1714.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan Gomez-Zapata; Cristhian Parrado; Theresa Frimberger; Fernando Barragán-Ochoa; Fabio Brill; Kerstin Büche; Michael Krautblatter; Michael Langbein; Massimiliano Pittore; Hugo Rosero-Velásquez; Elisabeth Schoepfer; Harald Spahn; Camilo Zapata-Tapia. 2021. "Community Perception and Communication of Volcanic Risk from the Cotopaxi Volcano in Latacunga, Ecuador." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 1714.
In order to assess the building portfolio composition for a particular natural hazard risk assessment application, it is necessary to classify the built environment into schemas containing building classes. The building classes should also address the attributes which may control their vulnerability towards the different hazards associated with their failure mechanisms, which along with their respective fragility functions are representative of a particular study area. In the case of volcanic risk, former efforts have been carried out in developing volcanic related fragility functions, this has been done mostly for European, Atlantic islands and South Asian building types (SEDIMER, MIA VITA, VOLDIES, EXPLORIS, SAFELAND projects). However, in other parts of the globe, particular construction practices, materials, and even occupancies may describe very diverse building types with different degrees of vulnerability which may or not be compatible with the existing schemas and fragility functions (Spence et al. 2005, Zuccaro et al. 2013, Mavrouli et al. 2013, Jenkins et al. 2014, Torres-Corredor et al. 2017).
As highlighted by Zuccaro et al. 2018, since in the case of volcanic active areas, the built environment will not only be exposed to a single hazard but to several compound or cascading hazards (e.g. tephra fall, pyroclastic flows, lahars), with different time intervals between them, a dynamic vulnerability with cumulated damage on the physical assets would be the baseline upon a multi-risk- volcanic framework should be described. In this similar context, single- hazard but still multi-state fragility functions have been very recently used in order to set up damage descriptions independently on the reference building schema. We propose to generalize this novel approach and further extend it in the volcanic risk assessment context. To do so, the very first step was to generate a multi-hazard- building- taxonomy containing a set of exhaustive mutually exclusive building attributes. Upon that framework, a probabilistic mapping across single- hazards- building- schemas and damage states has been achieved.
This methodological approach has been tested under the RIESGOS project over a selected study area of the Latin American Andes Region. In this region, cities close to active volcanos have been experienced a non-structured grow, which is translated into a significantly vulnerable population living in non- engineering buildings that are highly exposed to volcanic hazards. The Cotopaxi region in Ecuador has been chosen in order to explore the ash falls and lahars damage contributions with several scenarios in terms of volcanic explosivity index (VEI). Local lahars simulations have been obtained at different resolutions. Moreover, probabilistic ash- fall maps have been recently obtained after exhaustive ash fall and wind direction measurements. Lahar flow- velocity and ash- fall load pressure were respectively used as intensity measures. Furthermore, local and foreign building schemas that define the building exposure models have been constrained through ancillary data, cadastral information, and remote individual building inspections, to then been associated with a multi-state fragility function. These ingredients have been integrated into this novel methodological scenario-based- multi-risk- volcanic assessment.
Michael Langbein; Juan Camilo Gomez- Zapata; Theresa Frimberger; Nils Brinckmann; Roberto Torres- Corredor; Daniel Andrade; Camilo Zapata- Tapia; Massimiliano Pittore; Elisabeth Schoepfer. Scenario- based multi- risk assessment on exposed buildings to volcanic cascading hazards. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleMichael Langbein, Juan Camilo Gomez- Zapata, Theresa Frimberger, Nils Brinckmann, Roberto Torres- Corredor, Daniel Andrade, Camilo Zapata- Tapia, Massimiliano Pittore, Elisabeth Schoepfer. Scenario- based multi- risk assessment on exposed buildings to volcanic cascading hazards. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael Langbein; Juan Camilo Gomez- Zapata; Theresa Frimberger; Nils Brinckmann; Roberto Torres- Corredor; Daniel Andrade; Camilo Zapata- Tapia; Massimiliano Pittore; Elisabeth Schoepfer. 2020. "Scenario- based multi- risk assessment on exposed buildings to volcanic cascading hazards." , no. : 1.