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F.J. Pérez-Barbería
Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC) y Sec. Recursos Cinegéticos IDR, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 02071 Albacete, Spain

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Journal article
Published: 17 July 2021 in Biology
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Antlers are the only organ in the mammalian body that regenerates each year. They can reach growth rates of 1–3 cm/day in length and create more than 20 cm2/day of skin in the antler tips (their growth centers). Previous proteomic studies regarding antlers have focused on antler growth centers (tips) compared to the standard bone to detect the proteins involved in tissue growth. However, proteins of cell differentiation and regeneration will be more accurately detected considering more growing tissues. Thus, we set out to compare proteins expressed in antler tips (the highest metabolism rate and cell differentiation) vs. middle sections (moderate cell growth involving bone calcification), using ribs as controls. Samples were obtained in mid-June with antlers’ phenology corresponding to the middle of their growth period. Quantitative proteomic analysis identified 259 differentially abundant proteins mainly associated with antioxidant metabolic mechanisms, protein formation and Wnt signalling pathway, meanwhile, the mid antler section was linked to blood proteins. The high metabolic rate and subsequent risk of oxidative stress also seem to have resulted in strong antioxidant mechanisms. These results suggest that redox regulation of proteins is a key factor in the model of deer antler regeneration.

ACS Style

María López-Pedrouso; José Lorenzo; Tomás Landete-Castillejos; Louis Chonco; Francisco Pérez-Barbería; Andrés García; María-Pilar López-Garrido; Daniel Franco. SWATH-MS Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Deer Antler from Two Regenerating and Mineralizing Sections. Biology 2021, 10, 679 .

AMA Style

María López-Pedrouso, José Lorenzo, Tomás Landete-Castillejos, Louis Chonco, Francisco Pérez-Barbería, Andrés García, María-Pilar López-Garrido, Daniel Franco. SWATH-MS Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Deer Antler from Two Regenerating and Mineralizing Sections. Biology. 2021; 10 (7):679.

Chicago/Turabian Style

María López-Pedrouso; José Lorenzo; Tomás Landete-Castillejos; Louis Chonco; Francisco Pérez-Barbería; Andrés García; María-Pilar López-Garrido; Daniel Franco. 2021. "SWATH-MS Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Deer Antler from Two Regenerating and Mineralizing Sections." Biology 10, no. 7: 679.

Research article
Published: 22 April 2021 in PLOS ONE
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Climatic models predict scenarios in which ambient temperature will continue increasing worldwide. Under these climatic conditions, fitness and animal welfare of many populations are expected to suffer, especially those that live in captive or semi-natural conditions, where opportunities of heat abatement are limited. We undertook an experimental design to assess the effect of heat abatement that water sprinkling might have on Iberian red deer calf growth and behaviour from birth to weaning (135 days). One group of ten mother-calf pairs lived on plots with water sprinkling (treatment) available during summer’s hottest time of the day, while the control group (nine mother-calf pairs) occupied plots with no available water sprinkling. Treatment and control groups were fed ad libitum and swapped between plots every seven days to minimise any plot effect. Body weight was monitored weekly and individual behaviour was recorded once or twice a week at mid-day. We observed that calves had showers under the sprinklers and wallowed in mud puddles. The results clearly indicated that calves of the treatment group showed a significant increase in body weight at weaning in comparison with the control group, with no differences between sexes (treatment: male = 56.5 kg, female = 50.3 kg; control: male = 50.3 kg, female = 46.5 kg). Mother weight and mother age effects were negligible on calf body weight at weaning. The heavier the mother the faster was the rate of growth of its offspring, irrespective of calf sex. The model indicated that although males grew significantly slower than female calves in the control group, males grew faster than females when exposed to the treatment. Calves of the treatment group spent less time drinking, less time in the shade, similar time eating and more time in motion than calves of the control group. There were no behavioural differences between calf sexes of treatment and control groups. The results indicate the importance of providing animals with opportunities of heat abatement in hot environments to improve animal growth and welfare in farmed Iberian red deer.

ACS Style

F. J. Pérez-Barbería; I. Arroyo-González; A. J. García; M. P. Serrano; L. Gallego; T. Landete-Castillejos. Water sprinkling as a tool for heat abatement in farmed Iberian red deer: Effects on calf growth and behaviour. PLOS ONE 2021, 16, e0249540 .

AMA Style

F. J. Pérez-Barbería, I. Arroyo-González, A. J. García, M. P. Serrano, L. Gallego, T. Landete-Castillejos. Water sprinkling as a tool for heat abatement in farmed Iberian red deer: Effects on calf growth and behaviour. PLOS ONE. 2021; 16 (4):e0249540.

Chicago/Turabian Style

F. J. Pérez-Barbería; I. Arroyo-González; A. J. García; M. P. Serrano; L. Gallego; T. Landete-Castillejos. 2021. "Water sprinkling as a tool for heat abatement in farmed Iberian red deer: Effects on calf growth and behaviour." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4: e0249540.

Review
Published: 18 March 2021 in Sustainability
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The vision of rewilding is to return ecosystems to a “natural” or “self-willed” state with trophic complexity, dispersal (and connectivity) and stochastic disturbance in place. The concept is gaining traction, particularly in Europe where significant land abandonment has taken place in recent years. However, in reality, the purest form of rewilding (Rewilding Max) is constrained by a number of context-specific factors whereby it may not be possible to restore the native species that form part of the trophic structure of the ecosystem if they are extinct (for example, mammoths, Mammuthus spp., aurochs, Bos taurus primigenius). In addition, populations/communities of native herbivores/predators may not be able to survive or be acceptable to the public in small scale rewilding projects close to areas of high human density or agricultural land. Therefore, the restoration of natural trophic complexity and disturbance regimes within rewilding projects requires careful consideration if the broader conservation needs of society are to be met. Here we highlight the importance of herbivory as a key factor in rewilding. We argue that the use of the suite of livestock species, and in particular traditional breeds, offers the opportunity, under both land sharing/sparing strategies, to reinstate a more “natural” form of herbivory but still retain the option for management interventions (Rewilding Lite). It will even be possible to gain economic returns (ecotourism, sale of livestock products) from these systems, which will make them more acceptable to state and private landowners. We develop our case based on the advantages of using landraces versus de-domestication strategies, and on the implementation of eco-shepherding herbivory as a restoration tool in fine mosaics of agriculture/natural patches. If this approach is adopted, then larger areas can be given over to conservation, because of the potential broader benefits to society from these spaces and the engagement of farmers in practices that are closer to their traditions.

ACS Style

Iain Gordon; F. Pérez-Barbería; Adrian Manning. Rewilding Lite: Using Traditional Domestic Livestock to Achieve Rewilding Outcomes. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3347 .

AMA Style

Iain Gordon, F. Pérez-Barbería, Adrian Manning. Rewilding Lite: Using Traditional Domestic Livestock to Achieve Rewilding Outcomes. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (6):3347.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Iain Gordon; F. Pérez-Barbería; Adrian Manning. 2021. "Rewilding Lite: Using Traditional Domestic Livestock to Achieve Rewilding Outcomes." Sustainability 13, no. 6: 3347.

Journal article
Published: 22 September 2020 in Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia
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ACS Style

Lidiane Fagundes Da Silva Monteiro; Aline Moreira Portella De Melo; Martina Pérez Serrano; Roberto Germano Costa; Valdi De Lima; Ariosvaldo Nunes De Medeiros; José Manuel Lorenzo. Suitability of different levels of sunflower cake from biodiesel production as feed ingredient for lamb production. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 2020, 49, 1 .

AMA Style

Lidiane Fagundes Da Silva Monteiro, Aline Moreira Portella De Melo, Martina Pérez Serrano, Roberto Germano Costa, Valdi De Lima, Ariosvaldo Nunes De Medeiros, José Manuel Lorenzo. Suitability of different levels of sunflower cake from biodiesel production as feed ingredient for lamb production. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia. 2020; 49 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lidiane Fagundes Da Silva Monteiro; Aline Moreira Portella De Melo; Martina Pérez Serrano; Roberto Germano Costa; Valdi De Lima; Ariosvaldo Nunes De Medeiros; José Manuel Lorenzo. 2020. "Suitability of different levels of sunflower cake from biodiesel production as feed ingredient for lamb production." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 49, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2020 in Journal of Dairy Science
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We studied changes in chemical composition, somatic cell count, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) and M (IgM) content in red deer (Cervus elaphus) colostrum during the transition to milk at different times after parturition (<5 h, 24 h, 48 h, 2 wk, and 4 wk). The production level was higher at 2 and 4 wk of lactation than during the first day after parturition, with intermediate values at 48 h postpartum. Fat content did not vary during the study period. However, total protein and casein contents were particularly high in the initial 5 h after parturition, decreasing to approximately 50% after 24 h postpartum. Conversely, lactose concentration was low in the beginning (<5 h), increasing gradually throughout the study. Similarly, dry matter dropped during the first 24 h and then remained constant throughout the study. Urea content decreased during the study, showing a slight recovery at 4 wk. Somatic cell count was higher during the first hours after parturition and gradually decreased throughout the study period. The IgG content was higher before 5 h postpartum than at 24 h postpartum. After 5 h, the level of IgG decreased progressively until it reached 0.18 mg/mL at 4 wk of lactation. We observed a similar pattern for IgM content, but it decreased more quickly than IgG and was not detected after 2 wk. In the case of deer, milk should be considered transitional from 24 to 48 h after parturition, and samples collected after 2 wk can be considered mature milk.

ACS Style

J.A. de la Vara; M.I. Berruga; M.P. Serrano; Emilio L. Cano; A. García; T. Landete-Castillejos; L. Gallego; A. Argüello; M. Carmona; A. Molina. Short communication: Red deer (Cervus elaphus) colostrum during its transition to milk. Journal of Dairy Science 2020, 103, 5662 -5667.

AMA Style

J.A. de la Vara, M.I. Berruga, M.P. Serrano, Emilio L. Cano, A. García, T. Landete-Castillejos, L. Gallego, A. Argüello, M. Carmona, A. Molina. Short communication: Red deer (Cervus elaphus) colostrum during its transition to milk. Journal of Dairy Science. 2020; 103 (6):5662-5667.

Chicago/Turabian Style

J.A. de la Vara; M.I. Berruga; M.P. Serrano; Emilio L. Cano; A. García; T. Landete-Castillejos; L. Gallego; A. Argüello; M. Carmona; A. Molina. 2020. "Short communication: Red deer (Cervus elaphus) colostrum during its transition to milk." Journal of Dairy Science 103, no. 6: 5662-5667.

Research article
Published: 01 June 2020 in PLOS ONE
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Climate models agree in predicting scenarios of global warming. In endothermic species heat stress takes place when they are upper their thermal neutral zone. Any physiological or behavioural mechanism to mitigate heat stress is at the cost of diverting energy from other physiological functions, with negative repercussions for individual fitness. Tolerance to heat stress differs between species, age classes and sexes, those with the highest metabolic rates being the most sensitive to stressing thermal environments. This is especially important during the first months of life, when most growth takes place. Red deer (Cervus elaphus) is supposedly well adapted to a wide range of thermal environments, based on its worldwide distribution range, but little is known about the direct effect that heat stress may have on calf growth. We assessed the effect that heat stress, measured by heat stress indices and physical environment variables (air temperature, relative air humidity, wind speed and solar radiation), have on calf and mother body weights from calf´s birth to weaning. We used 9265 longitudinal weekly body weight records of calf and mother across 19 years in captive Iberian red deer. We hypothesised that (i) heat stress in hot environments has a negative effect on calf growth, especially in males, as they are more energetically demanding to produce than females; and that (ii) the body weight of the mother through lactation should be negatively affected by heat stress. Our results supported hypothesis (i) but not so clearly hypothesis (ii). By weaning (day 143) calves growing under low heat stress environment grew up to 1.2 kg heavier than those growing in high heat stress environment, and males were more affected by heat stress than females. The results have implications in animal welfare, geographical clines in body size and adaptation to climate change.

ACS Style

F. J. Pérez-Barbería; A. J. García; J. Cappelli; T. Landete-Castillejos; M. P. Serrano; L. Gallego. Heat stress reduces growth rate of red deer calf: Climate warming implications. PLOS ONE 2020, 15, e0233809 .

AMA Style

F. J. Pérez-Barbería, A. J. García, J. Cappelli, T. Landete-Castillejos, M. P. Serrano, L. Gallego. Heat stress reduces growth rate of red deer calf: Climate warming implications. PLOS ONE. 2020; 15 (6):e0233809.

Chicago/Turabian Style

F. J. Pérez-Barbería; A. J. García; J. Cappelli; T. Landete-Castillejos; M. P. Serrano; L. Gallego. 2020. "Heat stress reduces growth rate of red deer calf: Climate warming implications." PLOS ONE 15, no. 6: e0233809.

Research article
Published: 28 April 2020 in PLOS ONE
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Cementum is a bone connective tissue that provides a flexible attachment for the tooth to the alveolar bone in many mammalian species. It does not undergo continuous remodelling, unlike non-dental bone, which combined with its growth pattern of seasonal layering makes this tissue uniquely suitable as a proxy for tracking changes in body repair investment throughout an animal´s life. We tested functional and sexual selection hypotheses on the rate of cementum deposition related to the highly polygynous mating strategy of red deer. We used a sample of 156 first lower molars from wild Scottish red deer of known age between 1 and 17 years old, approximately balanced by sex and age class. Cementum deposition on the inter-radicular pad increased with age at a constant average rate of 0.26 mm per year, with no significant differences between sexes. Cementum deposition was independent of (i) tooth wear, other than that associated with age, and (ii) enamel and dentine micro-hardness. The results partially supported the hypothesis that the main function of cementum is the repositioning of the tooth to maintain opposing teeth in occlusion. However, teeth that had more wear or males´ teeth that had faster rates of tooth wear than those of females did not present the expected higher rates of cementum deposition.

ACS Style

F. J. Pérez-Barbería; F. E. Guinness; M. López-Quintanilla; A. J. García; L. Gallego; J. Cappelli; M. P. Serrano; T. Landete-Castillejos. What do rates of deposition of dental cementum tell us? Functional and evolutionary hypotheses in red deer. PLOS ONE 2020, 15, e0231957 .

AMA Style

F. J. Pérez-Barbería, F. E. Guinness, M. López-Quintanilla, A. J. García, L. Gallego, J. Cappelli, M. P. Serrano, T. Landete-Castillejos. What do rates of deposition of dental cementum tell us? Functional and evolutionary hypotheses in red deer. PLOS ONE. 2020; 15 (4):e0231957.

Chicago/Turabian Style

F. J. Pérez-Barbería; F. E. Guinness; M. López-Quintanilla; A. J. García; L. Gallego; J. Cappelli; M. P. Serrano; T. Landete-Castillejos. 2020. "What do rates of deposition of dental cementum tell us? Functional and evolutionary hypotheses in red deer." PLOS ONE 15, no. 4: e0231957.

Journal article
Published: 18 January 2020 in Science of The Total Environment
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Despite the importance of atmospheric methane as a potent greenhouse gas and the significant contribution from ruminant enteric fermentation on methane emissions at a global scale, little effort has been made to consider the influence that different plant-based natural diets have on methane emissions in grazing systems. Heathland is an ericaceous dwarf-shrub-dominated habitat widespread across the northern hemisphere, in Europe, provides valuable ecosystem services in areas with poor soils, such as water flow regulation, land-based carbon skin, energy reservoir and habitat of key game species. We (i) measured methane emissions from red deer (Cervus elaphus) and sheep (Ovis aries) fed mixed diets of natural grass plus ericaceous species (either Calluna vulgaris or Vaccinium myrtillus) using open-circuit respiration chambers; and (ii) modelled the results to estimate methane emissions from red deer and sheep populations inhabiting heathland habitats across Europe under different scenarios of grass-based mixed diets with varying proportions of ericaceous species. Our results indicated that methane emissions per unit of digestible organic matter intake decreased as the proportion of ericaceous species in diet increased, but this relationship was complex because of the significant interaction between the proportion of ericaceous species in the diet and digestible organic matter intake. According to our estimates red deer and sheep populations across European heathlands produce 129.7 kt·y−1 methane (se = 1.79) based on a hypothetical grass-ericaceous species mixed diet containing 30% of ericaceous species; this is 0.5% of total methane emissions from human activity across Europe (24,755 kt·y−1), and a reduction in methane emissions of 63.8 kt·y−1 against the same deer and sheep populations, if assumed to consume a grass-only diet. We suggest the implementation of carbon credits as a measure to value the relevance of heathland systems to promote biodiversity and its potential contribution to reduce methane emissions in ruminant grazing systems.

ACS Style

Francisco Javier Pérez-Barbería; Robert William Mayes; Javier Giráldez; David Sánchez-Pérez. Ericaceous species reduce methane emissions in sheep and red deer: Respiration chamber measurements and predictions at the scale of European heathlands. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 714, 136738 .

AMA Style

Francisco Javier Pérez-Barbería, Robert William Mayes, Javier Giráldez, David Sánchez-Pérez. Ericaceous species reduce methane emissions in sheep and red deer: Respiration chamber measurements and predictions at the scale of European heathlands. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 714 ():136738.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francisco Javier Pérez-Barbería; Robert William Mayes; Javier Giráldez; David Sánchez-Pérez. 2020. "Ericaceous species reduce methane emissions in sheep and red deer: Respiration chamber measurements and predictions at the scale of European heathlands." Science of The Total Environment 714, no. : 136738.

Journal article
Published: 03 January 2020 in Animals
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The benefits of Cu supplementation have been reported for male deer and cows. In deer, supplementation with this mineral is frequent in males even in animals receiving balanced diets. The benefits of Cu supplementation for antler cortical thickness in adult deer and for deer meat characteristics have also been demonstrated. Since Cu supplementation of cows has positive effects to achieve optimal offspring growth, it could be interesting to assess such effects for hinds since this mineral is transported across the placenta and has an important role in animal growth. Our results in lactating hinds showed that Cu supplementation decreased the number of somatic cells, improving the health quality of the milk and indicating a lower risk of mastitis. It also increased Ca and K content of milk, although not that of Cu. This is the first study demonstrating that Cu supplementation during late-gestation and lactation in hinds fed a balanced diet could be a good strategy to reduce somatic cell count (improving the health quality of milk) and modify the mineral profile of milk increasing its Ca content. This study describes the effects that Cu supplementation of late-gestating and lactating females (hinds) of Iberian red deer fed a balanced diet have on milk production, composition, and somatic cell count (SCC). Experimental hinds (n = 9) were subcutaneously injected every 42 days with Cu (0.83 mg Cu/kg body weight) from day 202 of gestation until the end of lactation (week 18). Control hinds (n = 8) were injected with a physiological saline solution with the same volume and at the same frequency as the experimental group. Copper supplementation decreased the SCC from 1.64 to 1.36 log 10/mL (p = 0.003) and modified the milk mineral profile. In particular, milk from hinds supplemented with Cu had more Ca (p = 0.02), Mg (p = 0.06), and K (p = 0.03) than milk from control hinds. However, Cu supplementation did not influence the Cu content of milk. Therefore, it can be concluded that Cu supplementation of hinds fed a balanced diet from late-gestation to the end of lactation could be a good strategy to reduce SCC and modify the mineral profile of milk increasing its Ca content.

ACS Style

Martina Pérez Serrano; Andrés José García; Tomás Landete-Castillejos; Jamil Cappelli; José Ángel Gómez; Francisco Hidalgo; Laureano Gallego. Parenteral Cu Supplementation of Late-Gestating and Lactating Iberian Red Deer Hinds Fed a Balanced Diet Reduces Somatic Cell Count and Modifies Mineral Profile of Milk. Animals 2020, 10, 83 .

AMA Style

Martina Pérez Serrano, Andrés José García, Tomás Landete-Castillejos, Jamil Cappelli, José Ángel Gómez, Francisco Hidalgo, Laureano Gallego. Parenteral Cu Supplementation of Late-Gestating and Lactating Iberian Red Deer Hinds Fed a Balanced Diet Reduces Somatic Cell Count and Modifies Mineral Profile of Milk. Animals. 2020; 10 (1):83.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Martina Pérez Serrano; Andrés José García; Tomás Landete-Castillejos; Jamil Cappelli; José Ángel Gómez; Francisco Hidalgo; Laureano Gallego. 2020. "Parenteral Cu Supplementation of Late-Gestating and Lactating Iberian Red Deer Hinds Fed a Balanced Diet Reduces Somatic Cell Count and Modifies Mineral Profile of Milk." Animals 10, no. 1: 83.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2019 in Ecological Indicators
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ACS Style

Javier Perez-Barberia. Tooth wear as a practical indicator of sexual differences in senescence and mastication investment in ecology studies. Ecological Indicators 2019, 103, 735 -744.

AMA Style

Javier Perez-Barberia. Tooth wear as a practical indicator of sexual differences in senescence and mastication investment in ecology studies. Ecological Indicators. 2019; 103 ():735-744.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Javier Perez-Barberia. 2019. "Tooth wear as a practical indicator of sexual differences in senescence and mastication investment in ecology studies." Ecological Indicators 103, no. : 735-744.

Original article
Published: 08 February 2019 in European Journal of Wildlife Research
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Control and mitigation of disease in wild ungulate populations are one of the major challenges in wildlife management. Despite the importance of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes for immune response, assessment of diversity on these genes is still rare for European deer populations. Here, we conducted the first assessment of variation at the second exon of the MHC DRB in wild populations of Scottish highland red deer, the largest continuous population of red deer in Europe. Allelic diversity at these loci was high, with 25 alleles identified. Selection analyses indicated c. 22% of amino acids encoded under episodic positive selection. Patterns of MHC allelic distribution were not congruent with neutral population genetic structure (estimated with 16 nuclear microsatellite markers) in the study area, the latter showing a marked differentiation between populations located at either side of the Great Glen. This study represents a first step towards building an immunogenetic map of red deer populations across Scotland to aid future management strategies for this ecologically and economically important species.

ACS Style

Sílvia Pérez-Espona; Will Goodall-Copestake; Anna Savirina; Jekaterina Bobovikova; Carles Molina-Rubio; Javier Perez-Barberia. First assessment of MHC diversity in wild Scottish red deer populations. European Journal of Wildlife Research 2019, 65, 22 .

AMA Style

Sílvia Pérez-Espona, Will Goodall-Copestake, Anna Savirina, Jekaterina Bobovikova, Carles Molina-Rubio, Javier Perez-Barberia. First assessment of MHC diversity in wild Scottish red deer populations. European Journal of Wildlife Research. 2019; 65 (2):22.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sílvia Pérez-Espona; Will Goodall-Copestake; Anna Savirina; Jekaterina Bobovikova; Carles Molina-Rubio; Javier Perez-Barberia. 2019. "First assessment of MHC diversity in wild Scottish red deer populations." European Journal of Wildlife Research 65, no. 2: 22.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2019 in Animal
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Supplementation with copper (Cu) improves deer antler characteristics, but it could modify meat quality and increase its Cu content to levels potentially harmful for humans. Here, we studied the effects of Cu bolus supplementation by means on quality and composition of sternocephalicus (ST) and rectus abdominis (RA) muscles (n=13 for each one) from yearling male red deer fed with a balanced diet. Each intraruminal bolus, containing 3.4 g of Cu, was administered orally in the treatment group to compare with the control group. Meat traits studied were pH at 24 h postmortem (pH24), colour, chemical composition, cholesterol content, fatty acid (FA) composition, amino acid (AA) profile and mineral content. In addition, the effect of Cu supplementation on mineral composition of liver and serum (at 0 and 90 days of treatment) was analysed. No interactions between Cu supplementation and muscle were observed for any trait. Supplementation with Cu increased the protein content of meat (P<0.01). However, Cu content of meat, liver and serum was not modified by supplementation. In fact, Cu content of meat (1.20 and 1.34 mg/kg for Cu supplemented and control deer, respectively) was much lower in both groups than 5 mg/kg of fresh weight allowed legally for food of animal origin. However, bolus of Cu tended to increase the meat content of zinc and significantly increased (P<0.05) the hepatic contents of sodium and lead. Muscles studied had different composition and characteristics. The RA muscle had significantly higher protein content (P<0.001), monounsaturated FA content (P<0.05) and essential/non-essential AA ratio (P<0.01) but lower pH24 (P<0.01) and polyunsaturated FA content (P=0.001) than the ST muscle. In addition, RA muscle had 14.4% less cholesterol (P=0.001) than ST muscle. Also, mineral profile differed between muscles with higher content of iron, significantly higher (P<0.001) content of zinc and lower content of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus (P<0.05) for ST muscle compared with RA. Therefore, supplementation with Cu modified deer meat characteristics, but it did not increase its concentration to toxic levels, making it a safe practice from this perspective. Despite the lower content of polyunsaturated FA, quality was better for RA than for ST muscle based on its higher content of protein with more essential/non-essential AA ratio and lower pH24 and cholesterol content.

ACS Style

M. P. Serrano; A. Maggiolino; J. M. Lorenzo; Pasquale De Palo; A. García; Tomás Landete Castillejos; P. Gambín; J. Cappelli; R. Domínguez; Martina Pérez; L. Gallego. Meat quality of farmed red deer fed a balanced diet: effects of supplementation with copper bolus on different muscles. Animal 2019, 13, 888 -896.

AMA Style

M. P. Serrano, A. Maggiolino, J. M. Lorenzo, Pasquale De Palo, A. García, Tomás Landete Castillejos, P. Gambín, J. Cappelli, R. Domínguez, Martina Pérez, L. Gallego. Meat quality of farmed red deer fed a balanced diet: effects of supplementation with copper bolus on different muscles. Animal. 2019; 13 (4):888-896.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. P. Serrano; A. Maggiolino; J. M. Lorenzo; Pasquale De Palo; A. García; Tomás Landete Castillejos; P. Gambín; J. Cappelli; R. Domínguez; Martina Pérez; L. Gallego. 2019. "Meat quality of farmed red deer fed a balanced diet: effects of supplementation with copper bolus on different muscles." Animal 13, no. 4: 888-896.

Research article
Published: 01 January 2019 in Animal Production Science
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In the present study we assessed the effects of Cu supplementation and antler growth stage on mineral composition of serum and hard antler in red deer fed a balanced diet. Correlations between minerals were analysed for serum, for antlers, and between serum versus mature antler. Blood samples were drawn at Days –36, 54, 132 and 197 of the start of antler growth (SAG). Hard antlers were cut at Day 165 from SAG. The Cu supplemented group (n = 9) was injected with 0.83 mg Cu/kg of bodyweight, whereas the control group (n = 9) was injected with a physiological saline solution, both every 42 days between Days –36 (Cu supplied after blood sampling) and 132 from SAG. Supplementation with Cu increased (P < 0.05) the contents of P and Cu in serum but did not affect the antler mineral profile. Serum contents of Mg, Na, S, B and Cu increased during the antler growth, whereas contents of K, Al and Fe decreased in the same period (P < 0.001). At Day 54 from SAG in Cu group, serum P content correlated negatively with antler Ca content whereas Zn of serum and antler correlated positively (P < 0.05). The maximum number of correlations between the mineral profile of serum and hard antler was achieved at Day 132 from SAG (3.3, 4.7 and 12.9% for Days –36, 54 and 132, respectively). In conclusion, the analysis of specific minerals in serum could be used to detect in advance some mineral deficiencies in the antler.

ACS Style

M. P. Serrano; J. Cappelli; A. García; L. Gallego; Tomás Landete Castillejos. Evolution of blood serum mineral composition during antler growth and rut as consequence of Cu supplementation in captive red deer and its effects in mature antler composition. Animal Production Science 2019, 59, 1886 .

AMA Style

M. P. Serrano, J. Cappelli, A. García, L. Gallego, Tomás Landete Castillejos. Evolution of blood serum mineral composition during antler growth and rut as consequence of Cu supplementation in captive red deer and its effects in mature antler composition. Animal Production Science. 2019; 59 (10):1886.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. P. Serrano; J. Cappelli; A. García; L. Gallego; Tomás Landete Castillejos. 2019. "Evolution of blood serum mineral composition during antler growth and rut as consequence of Cu supplementation in captive red deer and its effects in mature antler composition." Animal Production Science 59, no. 10: 1886.

Evaluation study
Published: 12 December 2018 in PLOS ONE
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Interactions between domestic and wild species has become a global problem of growing interest. Global Position Systems (GPS) allow collection of vast records of time series of animal spatial movement, but there is need for developing analytical methods to efficiently use this information to unravel species interactions. This study assesses different methods to infer interactions and their symmetry between individual animals, social groups or species. We used two data sets, (i) a simulated one of the movement of two grazing species under different interaction scenarios by-species and by-individual, and (ii) a real time series of GPS data on the movements of sheep and deer grazing a large moorland plot. Different time series transformations were applied to capture the behaviour of the data (convex hull area, kth nearest neighbour distance, distance to centre of mass, Voronoi tessellation area, distance to past position) to assess their efficiency in inferring the interactions using different techniques (cross correlation, Granger causality, network properties). The results indicate that the methods are more efficient assessing by-group interaction than by-individual interaction, and different transformations produce different outputs of the nature of the interaction. Both species maintained a consistent by-species grouping structure. The results do not provide clear evidence of inter-species interaction based on the traditional framework of niche partitioning in the guild of large herbivores. In view of the transformation-dependent results, it seems that in our experimental framework both species co-exist showing complex interactions. We provide guidelines for the use of the different transformations with respect to study aims and data quality. The study attempts to provide behavioural ecologists with tools to infer animal interactions and their symmetry based on positional data recorded by visual observation, conventional telemetry or GPS technology.

ACS Style

Edward Hollingdale; Francisco Javier Pérez-Barbería; David McPetrie Walker. Inferring symmetric and asymmetric interactions between animals and groups from positional data. PLOS ONE 2018, 13, e0208202 .

AMA Style

Edward Hollingdale, Francisco Javier Pérez-Barbería, David McPetrie Walker. Inferring symmetric and asymmetric interactions between animals and groups from positional data. PLOS ONE. 2018; 13 (12):e0208202.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Edward Hollingdale; Francisco Javier Pérez-Barbería; David McPetrie Walker. 2018. "Inferring symmetric and asymmetric interactions between animals and groups from positional data." PLOS ONE 13, no. 12: e0208202.

Research note
Published: 17 October 2018 in BMC Research Notes
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Studying animal vocal aging has potential implication in the field of animal welfare and for modeling human voice aging. The objective was to examine, using a repeated measures approach, the between-year changes of weight, social discomfort score (bites of other hinds on hind pelt), body condition score (fat reserves) and acoustic variables of the nasal (closed-mouth) and the oral (open-mouth) contact calls produced by farmed red deer hinds (Cervus elaphus) toward their young. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed that with an increase of hind age for 1 year, the acoustic variables of their nasal contact calls (the beginning and maximum fundamental frequencies, the depth of frequency modulation and the peak frequency) decreased, whereas in their oral contact calls only the end fundamental frequency decreased. Duration and power quartiles did not change in any call type. Body weight and body condition score increased between years, whereas discomfort score decreased. Results of this study revealed directly the short-term effects of aging on the acoustics of the nasal contact calls in the same hinds. This study also confirmed that elevated emotional arousal during emission of the oral contact masks the effects of aging on vocalization in female red deer.

ACS Style

Ilya A. Volodin; Olga V. Sibiryakova; Nina A. Vasilieva; Elena V. Volodina; Vera A. Matrosova; Andrés J. Garcia; Francisco J. Pérez-Barbería; Laureano Gallego; Tomás Landete-Castillejos. Between-year vocal aging in female red deer (Cervus elaphus). BMC Research Notes 2018, 11, 737 .

AMA Style

Ilya A. Volodin, Olga V. Sibiryakova, Nina A. Vasilieva, Elena V. Volodina, Vera A. Matrosova, Andrés J. Garcia, Francisco J. Pérez-Barbería, Laureano Gallego, Tomás Landete-Castillejos. Between-year vocal aging in female red deer (Cervus elaphus). BMC Research Notes. 2018; 11 (1):737.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ilya A. Volodin; Olga V. Sibiryakova; Nina A. Vasilieva; Elena V. Volodina; Vera A. Matrosova; Andrés J. Garcia; Francisco J. Pérez-Barbería; Laureano Gallego; Tomás Landete-Castillejos. 2018. "Between-year vocal aging in female red deer (Cervus elaphus)." BMC Research Notes 11, no. 1: 737.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2018 in Behavioural Processes
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Group living is the behavioural response that results when individuals assess the costs vs benefits of sociality, and these trade-offs vary across an animal's life. Here we quantitatively assess how periparturient condition (mother/non-mother) and births affect the dynamics of social interactions of a gregarious ungulate, and how such can help to explain evolutionary hypotheses of the mother-offspring bond. To achieve this we used data of the individual movement of a group of Scottish blackface sheep (Ovis aries) marked with GPS collars and properties of mathematical graphs (networks). Euclidean pair-wise distance between sheep were threshold at different percentiles to determine network links, and these thresholds have a profound effect on the connectivity of the resulting network. Births increased the average pair-wise distance between mothers, and between mothers and non-mothers, with less effect on the distance between non-mothers. Mothers occupied peripheral positions within the flock, more evident following births. Associations between individuals (i.e. network community change) were highly dynamic, though mothers were less likely to change community than non-mothers, especially after births. Births hampered individual communication within the flock (assessed via network closeness centrality), especially in mothers. Overall leadership (lead positioning relative to flock movement) was not associated to reproductive condition, and individual leadership rank was not affected by births. A ten minute GPS acquisition time was adequate to capture complex social dynamics in sheep movement. The results on motheŕs isolation behaviour support the hypotheses of selection for maternal imprint facilitation, reducing risks to nursing alien offspring, and group/multilevel on group formation.

ACS Style

Javier Perez-Barberia; David Walker. Dynamics of social behaviour at parturition in a gregarious ungulate. Behavioural Processes 2018, 150, 75 -84.

AMA Style

Javier Perez-Barberia, David Walker. Dynamics of social behaviour at parturition in a gregarious ungulate. Behavioural Processes. 2018; 150 ():75-84.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Javier Perez-Barberia; David Walker. 2018. "Dynamics of social behaviour at parturition in a gregarious ungulate." Behavioural Processes 150, no. : 75-84.

Journal article
Published: 06 March 2018 in Journal of Animal Science
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This study describes the effects of Mn supplementation of 20 late-gestating and lactating Iberian red deer (Cervuselaphushispanicus) females (hinds) fed a balanced diet on milk production and milk composition over the lactation period. Body weight of their calves at birth and at weaning was also evaluated. In addition, the effect of lactation stage was studied. For these purposes, 2 groups of hinds, one composed by 12 individuals (experimental) and the other by 8 individuals (control) were compared. Experimental hinds were s.c. injected weekly with Mn (2 mg Mn/kg BW) from d 140 of gestation until the end of lactation (wk 18; forced weaning by physical separation). Control hinds were injected with a physiological saline solution with the same volume and at the same frequency as the experimental group. Serum Mn content of hinds was assessed just before the first Mn injection and at wk 10 of lactation to assess whether the injected Mn increased Mn concentrations in blood. No differences were observed for BW of calves at birth but calves whose mothers were injected with Mn tended (P = 0.07) to have greater gain of BW from birth to weaning in proportion of BW at birth compared to calves from control hinds. In addition, supplementation with Mn increased (P ≤ 0.05) daily milk production by 10.2%, milk fat content by 11.2%, and total fat yield by 17.8%. Also, milk from hinds supplemented with Mn had more Ca (P < 0.001) and P (P < 0.05) than milk from control hinds. Manganese supplementation did not influence Mn serum content when blood was analyzed at wk 10 of lactation, but increased the Mn content of milk by 18.3% (P < 0.001). Lactation stage affected (P < 0.001) fat, protein, lactose and DM. Their contents increased as lactation proceeded, and protein was substituted by fat. Therefore, results suggest that Mn supplementation of hinds is recommended, even when they are fed a balanced diet, to increase milk production and the content of fat, Ca, P and Mn of milk.

ACS Style

M P Serrano; P Gambín; T Landete-Castillejos; A Garcia; J Cappelli; F J Pérez-Barbería; J A Gomez; L Gallego. Effects of Mn supplementation in late-gestating and lactating red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) on milk production, milk composition, and calf growth. Journal of Animal Science 2018, 96, 2038 -2049.

AMA Style

M P Serrano, P Gambín, T Landete-Castillejos, A Garcia, J Cappelli, F J Pérez-Barbería, J A Gomez, L Gallego. Effects of Mn supplementation in late-gestating and lactating red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) on milk production, milk composition, and calf growth. Journal of Animal Science. 2018; 96 (5):2038-2049.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M P Serrano; P Gambín; T Landete-Castillejos; A Garcia; J Cappelli; F J Pérez-Barbería; J A Gomez; L Gallego. 2018. "Effects of Mn supplementation in late-gestating and lactating red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) on milk production, milk composition, and calf growth." Journal of Animal Science 96, no. 5: 2038-2049.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Animal
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Although the conventional in situ ruminal degradability method is a relevant tool to describe the nutritional value of ruminant feeds, its need for rumen-fistulated animals may impose a restriction on its use when considering animal welfare issues and cost. The aim of the present work was to develop a ruminal degradability technique which avoids using surgically prepared animals. The concept was to orally dose a series of porous bags containing the test feeds at different times before slaughter, when the bags would be removed from the rumen for degradation measurement. Bags, smaller than those used in the conventional nylon bag technique, were made from woven nylon fabric, following two shape designs (rectangular flat shape, tetrahedral shape) and were fitted with one of three types of device for preventing their regurgitation. These bags were used in two experiments with individually housed non-pregnant, non-lactating sheep, as host animals for the in situ ruminal incubation of forage substrates. The bags were closed at the top edge by machine stitching and wrapped in tissue paper before oral dosing. Standard times for ruminal incubation of substrates in all of the tests were 4, 8, 16, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h before slaughter. The purpose of the first experiment was to compare the effectiveness of the three anti-regurgitation device designs, constructed from nylon cable ties ('Z-shaped', ARD1; 'double Z-shaped', ARD2; 'umbrella-shaped', ARD3), and to observe whether viable degradation curves could be generated using grass hay as the substrate. In the second experiment, three other substrates (perennial ryegrass, red clover and barley straw) were compared using flat and tetrahedral bags fitted with type ARD1 anti-regurgitation devices. Non-linear mixed-effect regression models were used to fit asymptotic exponential curves of the percentage dry matter loss of the four substrates against time of incubation in the reticulorumen, and the effect of type of anti-regurgitation device and the shape of nylon bag. All three devices were highly successful at preventing regurgitation with 93% to 100% of dosed bags being recovered in the reticulorumen at slaughter. Ruminal degradation data obtained for tested forages were in accordance with those expected from the conventional degradability technique using fistulated animals, with no significant differences in the asymptotic values of degradation curves between bag shape or anti-regurgitation device. The results of this research demonstrate the potential for using a small bag technique with intact sheep to characterise the in situ ruminal degradability of roughages.

ACS Style

J.H. Pagella; R.W. Mayes; Javier Perez-Barberia; E.R. Ørskov. The development of an intraruminal nylon bag technique using non-fistulated animals to assess the rumen degradability of dietary plant materials. Animal 2018, 12, 54 -65.

AMA Style

J.H. Pagella, R.W. Mayes, Javier Perez-Barberia, E.R. Ørskov. The development of an intraruminal nylon bag technique using non-fistulated animals to assess the rumen degradability of dietary plant materials. Animal. 2018; 12 (1):54-65.

Chicago/Turabian Style

J.H. Pagella; R.W. Mayes; Javier Perez-Barberia; E.R. Ørskov. 2018. "The development of an intraruminal nylon bag technique using non-fistulated animals to assess the rumen degradability of dietary plant materials." Animal 12, no. 1: 54-65.

Research article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Behaviour
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In female terrestrial mammals, vocal aging has only been studied in humans and pandas. In cervids displaying convergent sex dimorphism of vocal apparatus with humans, vocal aging is only investigated in males. This cross-sectional study examined acoustic variables of nasal (closed-mouth) and oral (open-mouth) contact calls of 32 farmed Iberian red deer hinds (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) aged of 4-18 years and their relationships with caller´s age, weight, social discomfort score (bites of other hinds on hind pelt) and body condition score (fat reserves). Decrease of fundamental frequency was associated with age in both oral and nasal calls, but more prominently in the nasal calls. An increase in call duration, peak frequency and power quartiles was associated with a higher degree of bites due to social aggression. Weight and body condition weakly influenced acoustic traits. We discuss that vocal aging of hinds parallels that of vocal aging in human females.

ACS Style

Ilya A. Volodin; Olga V. Sibiryakova; Nina A. Vasilieva; Elena V. Volodina; Vera A. Matrosova; Andrés J. Garcia; Francisco J. Pérez-Barbería; Laureano Gallego; Tomás Landete-Castillejos. Old and young female voices: effects of body weight, condition and social discomfort on the vocal aging in red deer hinds (Cervus elaphus). Behaviour 2018, 155, 915 -939.

AMA Style

Ilya A. Volodin, Olga V. Sibiryakova, Nina A. Vasilieva, Elena V. Volodina, Vera A. Matrosova, Andrés J. Garcia, Francisco J. Pérez-Barbería, Laureano Gallego, Tomás Landete-Castillejos. Old and young female voices: effects of body weight, condition and social discomfort on the vocal aging in red deer hinds (Cervus elaphus). Behaviour. 2018; 155 (10-12):915-939.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ilya A. Volodin; Olga V. Sibiryakova; Nina A. Vasilieva; Elena V. Volodina; Vera A. Matrosova; Andrés J. Garcia; Francisco J. Pérez-Barbería; Laureano Gallego; Tomás Landete-Castillejos. 2018. "Old and young female voices: effects of body weight, condition and social discomfort on the vocal aging in red deer hinds (Cervus elaphus)." Behaviour 155, no. 10-12: 915-939.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2017 in Science of The Total Environment
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Methane (CH) emissions by human activities have more than doubled since the 1700s, and they contribute to global warming. One of the sources of CH is produced by incomplete oxidation of feed in the ruminant's gut. Domestic ruminants produce most of the emissions from animal sources, but emissions by wild ruminants have been poorly estimated. This study (i) scales CH against body mass in 503 experiments in ruminants fed herbage, and assesses the effect of different sources of variation, using published and new data; and (ii) it uses these models to produce global estimates of CH emissions from wild ruminants. The incorporation of phylogeny, diet and technique of measuring in to a model that scales log CHgd against log body mass (kg), reduces the slope, from 1.075 to 0.868, making it not significantly steeper than the scaling coefficient of metabolic requirements to body mass. Scaling models that include dry matter intake (DMI) and dietary fiber indicate that although both increase CH, dietary fiber depresses CH as the levels of DMI increases. Cattle produces more CH per unit of DMI than red deer, sheep or goat, and there are no significant differences between CH produced by red deer and sheep. The average estimates of global emissions from wild ruminants calculated using different models are smaller (1.094-2.687Tgy) than those presented in the reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (15Tgyr). Potential causes to explain such discrepancy are the uncertainty on the world's wild ruminant population size, and the use of methane output from cattle, a high methane producer, as representative methane output of wild ruminants. The main limitation researchers' face in calculating accurate global CH emissions from wild ungulates is a lack of reliable information on their population sizes.

ACS Style

F.J. Pérez-Barbería. Scaling methane emissions in ruminants and global estimates in wild populations. Science of The Total Environment 2017, 579, 1572 -1580.

AMA Style

F.J. Pérez-Barbería. Scaling methane emissions in ruminants and global estimates in wild populations. Science of The Total Environment. 2017; 579 ():1572-1580.

Chicago/Turabian Style

F.J. Pérez-Barbería. 2017. "Scaling methane emissions in ruminants and global estimates in wild populations." Science of The Total Environment 579, no. : 1572-1580.