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Management of dredged materials disposal is regulated by several environmental normative requirements, and it is often supported by the integration of chemical data with ecotoxicological characterization. The reliability of a bioassay to assess the potential toxicity of dredged sediments requires the selection of quality criteria that should be based on simple analytical methods and easily understandable hazard for politicians and environmental managers. The sea urchin embryo-toxicity bioassay is considered an essential component for evaluating the quality of sediments in harbour areas but its use, when based exclusively on the observation of normal vs. abnormal embryos, may alter the interpretation of the results, overestimating the risk assessment. To improve the reliability of this assay in establishing a causative relationship between quality of sediments and sea urchin embryonic development, here we developed and validated three Integrative Toxicity Indexes (ITI 2.0, ITI 3.0, ITI 4.0), modifying the already-known ITI (here ITI 1.0). Based on this aim, we used Taranto harbour as a model pilot-study to compare results to those obtained from standard criteria. Among the tested indexes, the ITI 4.0, discriminating strictly developmental delay and morphological defects from fertilized egg to gastrula stage, resulted in the most promising.
Rosa Bonaventura; Francesca Zito; Lorenzo Morroni; David Pellegrini; Francesco Regoli; Annalisa Pinsino. Development and validation of new analytical methods using sea urchin embryo bioassay to evaluate dredged marine sediments. Journal of Environmental Management 2020, 281, 111862 .
AMA StyleRosa Bonaventura, Francesca Zito, Lorenzo Morroni, David Pellegrini, Francesco Regoli, Annalisa Pinsino. Development and validation of new analytical methods using sea urchin embryo bioassay to evaluate dredged marine sediments. Journal of Environmental Management. 2020; 281 ():111862.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRosa Bonaventura; Francesca Zito; Lorenzo Morroni; David Pellegrini; Francesco Regoli; Annalisa Pinsino. 2020. "Development and validation of new analytical methods using sea urchin embryo bioassay to evaluate dredged marine sediments." Journal of Environmental Management 281, no. : 111862.
Sunscreens are emulsions of water and oil that contain filters capable of protecting against the detrimental effects of ultraviolet radiation (UV). The widespread use of cosmetic products based on nanoparticulate UV filters has increased concerns regarding their safety and compatibility with both the environment and human health. In the present work, we evaluated the effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TiO2 NP)-based UV filters with three different surface coatings on the development and immunity of the sea urchin, Paracentrotus lividus. A wide range of NP concentrations was analyzed, corresponding to different levels of dilution starting from the original cosmetic dispersion. Variations in surface coating, concentration, particle shape, and pre-dispersant medium (i.e., water or oil) influenced the embryonic development without producing a relevant developmental impairment. The most common embryonic abnormalities were related to the skeletal growth and the presence of a few cells, which were presumably involved in the particle uptake. Adult P. lividus immune cells exposed to silica-coated TiO2 NP-based filters showed a broad metabolic plasticity based on the biosynthesis of metabolites that mediate inflammation, phagocytosis, and antioxidant response. The results presented here highlight the biosafety of the TiO2 NP-based UV filters toward sea urchin, and the importance of developing safer-by-design sunscreens.
Riccardo Catalano; Jérôme Labille; Daniela Gaglio; Andi Alijagic; Elisabetta Napodano; Danielle Slomberg; Andrea Campos; Annalisa Pinsino. Safety Evaluation of TiO2 Nanoparticle-Based Sunscreen UV Filters on the Development and the Immunological State of the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 2102 .
AMA StyleRiccardo Catalano, Jérôme Labille, Daniela Gaglio, Andi Alijagic, Elisabetta Napodano, Danielle Slomberg, Andrea Campos, Annalisa Pinsino. Safety Evaluation of TiO2 Nanoparticle-Based Sunscreen UV Filters on the Development and the Immunological State of the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10 (11):2102.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRiccardo Catalano; Jérôme Labille; Daniela Gaglio; Andi Alijagic; Elisabetta Napodano; Danielle Slomberg; Andrea Campos; Annalisa Pinsino. 2020. "Safety Evaluation of TiO2 Nanoparticle-Based Sunscreen UV Filters on the Development and the Immunological State of the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus." Nanomaterials 10, no. 11: 2102.
Corrigendum: Assessing Sunscreen Lifecycle to Minimize Environmental Risk Posed by Nanoparticulate UV-Filters – A Review for Safer-by-Design Products
Jérôme Labille; Riccardo Catalano; Danielle Slomberg; Sylvie Motellier; Annalisa Pinsino; Pierre Hennebert; Catherine Santaella; Vincent Bartolomei. Corrigendum: Assessing Sunscreen Lifecycle to Minimize Environmental Risk Posed by Nanoparticulate UV-Filters – A Review for Safer-by-Design Products. Frontiers in Environmental Science 2020, 8, 1 .
AMA StyleJérôme Labille, Riccardo Catalano, Danielle Slomberg, Sylvie Motellier, Annalisa Pinsino, Pierre Hennebert, Catherine Santaella, Vincent Bartolomei. Corrigendum: Assessing Sunscreen Lifecycle to Minimize Environmental Risk Posed by Nanoparticulate UV-Filters – A Review for Safer-by-Design Products. Frontiers in Environmental Science. 2020; 8 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJérôme Labille; Riccardo Catalano; Danielle Slomberg; Sylvie Motellier; Annalisa Pinsino; Pierre Hennebert; Catherine Santaella; Vincent Bartolomei. 2020. "Corrigendum: Assessing Sunscreen Lifecycle to Minimize Environmental Risk Posed by Nanoparticulate UV-Filters – A Review for Safer-by-Design Products." Frontiers in Environmental Science 8, no. : 1.
We report that the immunogenicity of colloidal gold nanoparticles coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP–AuNPs) in a model organism, the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, can function as a proxy for humans for in vitro immunological studies. To profile the immune recognition and interaction from exposure to PVP–AuNP (1 and 10 μg mL−1), we applied an extensive nano-scale approach, including particle physicochemical characterisation involving immunology, cellular biology, and metabolomics. The interaction between PVP–AuNPs and soluble proteins of the sea urchin physiological coelomic fluid (blood equivalent) results in the formation of a protein “corona” surrounding the NP from three major proteins that influence the hydrodynamic size and colloidal stability of the particle. At the lower concentration of PVP–AuNPs, the P. lividus phagocytes show a broad metabolic plasticity based on the biosynthesis of metabolites mediating inflammation and phagocytosis. At the higher concentration of PVP–AuNPs, phagocytes activate an immunological response involving Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signalling pathway at 24 h of exposure. These results emphasise that exposure to PVP–AuNP drives inflammatory signalling by the phagocytes and the resolution at both the low and high concentrations of the PVP–AuNPs and provides more details regarding the immunogenicity of these NPs.
Andi Alijagic; Francesco Barbero; Daniela Gaglio; Elisabetta Napodano; Oldřich Benada; Olga Kofroňová; Victor F. Puntes; Neus G. Bastús; Annalisa Pinsino. Gold nanoparticles coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone and sea urchin extracellular molecules induce transient immune activation. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2020, 402, 123793 .
AMA StyleAndi Alijagic, Francesco Barbero, Daniela Gaglio, Elisabetta Napodano, Oldřich Benada, Olga Kofroňová, Victor F. Puntes, Neus G. Bastús, Annalisa Pinsino. Gold nanoparticles coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone and sea urchin extracellular molecules induce transient immune activation. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2020; 402 ():123793.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndi Alijagic; Francesco Barbero; Daniela Gaglio; Elisabetta Napodano; Oldřich Benada; Olga Kofroňová; Victor F. Puntes; Neus G. Bastús; Annalisa Pinsino. 2020. "Gold nanoparticles coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone and sea urchin extracellular molecules induce transient immune activation." Journal of Hazardous Materials 402, no. : 123793.
Sunscreens are of emerging concern regarding environmental effect. After leaving the skin either through bathing or washing, the ingredients contained in the product formulation can be released into rivers, lakes, seashores, and/or sewage treatment plants. Nanomaterials used as UV-filters are of particular concern in this context as they may have a negative effect on these systems. To assess the risks posed, the exposure and hazard of nanoparticulate UV-filters must be considered through the entire lifecycle of the sunscreen product. This includes not only usage, but also manufacturing and disposal at the end of life of the product, as some nanomaterials may be released into the environment at each stage. This includes also developing relevant approaches that take into account realistic scenarios of environmental release and fate. Nanoparticulate UV-filters typically consist of a mineral nanoparticle core (TiO2 or ZnO) coated with surface layers aimed at optimizing the dispersion in the formulation and at supressing any photo-sensibility. This coating plays a key role in the associated risk since it affects the nanoparticle surface properties, which control both fate and hazard. At present, knowledge gaps remain regarding the safety of nanomaterials used in sunscreen, as very few studies have focused on real sunscreen filters and formulations throughout their lifecycle so far. A literature review is proposed here from the design of nanoparticulate UV-filters and formulations, to the release, fate, and effect in the different compartments encountered along the product lifecycle. The resulting state of the art highlights knowledge gaps and will likely help regulators, manufacturers, and consumers choose appropriate guidance. By considering each development stage of the sunscreen, from the choice of the UV-filter(s) and its (their) integration into a cosmetic formulation to the knowledge of the risk involved in this choice all along the product lifecycle, an eco-design approach can be achieved where release or toxicity are reduced. Sustainability can thus be accounted for, during the design process, by making the appropriate choices (in advance) that help minimize or prevent the environmental impact of the sunscreen.
Jérôme Labille; Riccardo Catalano; Danielle Slomberg; Sylvie Motellier; Annalisa Pinsino; Pierre Hennebert; Catherine Santaella; Vincent Bartolomei. Assessing Sunscreen Lifecycle to Minimize Environmental Risk Posed by Nanoparticulate UV-Filters – A Review for Safer-by-Design Products. Frontiers in Environmental Science 2020, 8, 1 .
AMA StyleJérôme Labille, Riccardo Catalano, Danielle Slomberg, Sylvie Motellier, Annalisa Pinsino, Pierre Hennebert, Catherine Santaella, Vincent Bartolomei. Assessing Sunscreen Lifecycle to Minimize Environmental Risk Posed by Nanoparticulate UV-Filters – A Review for Safer-by-Design Products. Frontiers in Environmental Science. 2020; 8 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJérôme Labille; Riccardo Catalano; Danielle Slomberg; Sylvie Motellier; Annalisa Pinsino; Pierre Hennebert; Catherine Santaella; Vincent Bartolomei. 2020. "Assessing Sunscreen Lifecycle to Minimize Environmental Risk Posed by Nanoparticulate UV-Filters – A Review for Safer-by-Design Products." Frontiers in Environmental Science 8, no. : 1.
The close phylogenetic relationship between Ciona robusta and vertebrates makes it a powerful model for studying innate immunity and the evolution of immune genes. To elucidate the nature and dynamics of the immune response, the molecular mechanisms by which bacterial infection is detected and translated into inflammation and how potential pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are involved in pathogen recognition in tunicate C. robusta (formerly known as Ciona intestinalis), we applied an approach combining bacterial infections, next-generation sequencing, qRT-PCR, bioinformatics and in silico analyses (criteria of a p-value < 0.05 and FDR < 0.05). A STRING analysis indicated a functional link between components of the Tlr/MyD88-dependent signalling pathway (Tlr2, MyD88, and Irak4) and components of the Nf-κB signalling pathway (Nf-κB, IκBα, and Ikkα) (p-value < 0.05, FDR < 0.05). A qRT-PCR analysis of immune genes selected from transcriptome data revealed Mif as more frequently expressed in the inflammatory response than inflammation mediator or effector molecules (e.g., Il-17s, Tnf-α, Tgf-β, Mmp9, Tlrs, MyD88, Irak4, Nf-κB, and galectins), suggesting close interplay between Mif cytokines and Nf-κB signalling pathway components in the biphasic activation of the inflammatory response. An in silico analyses of the 3′-UTR of Tlr2, MyD88, IκBα, Ikk, and Nf-κB transcripts showed the presence of GAIT elements, which are known to play key roles in the regulation of immune gene-specific translation in humans. These findings provide a new level of understanding of the mechanisms involved in the regulation of the C. robusta inflammatory response induced by LPS and suggest that in C. robusta, as in humans, a complex transcriptional and post-transcriptional control mechanism is involved in the regulation of several inflammatory genes.
Vincenzo Arizza; Angela Bonura; Laura La Paglia; Alfonso Urso; Annalisa Pinsino; Aiti Vizzini. Transcriptional and in silico analyses of MIF cytokine and TLR signalling interplay in the LPS inflammatory response of Ciona robusta. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 1 -16.
AMA StyleVincenzo Arizza, Angela Bonura, Laura La Paglia, Alfonso Urso, Annalisa Pinsino, Aiti Vizzini. Transcriptional and in silico analyses of MIF cytokine and TLR signalling interplay in the LPS inflammatory response of Ciona robusta. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):1-16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVincenzo Arizza; Angela Bonura; Laura La Paglia; Alfonso Urso; Annalisa Pinsino; Aiti Vizzini. 2020. "Transcriptional and in silico analyses of MIF cytokine and TLR signalling interplay in the LPS inflammatory response of Ciona robusta." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 1-16.
The interaction of a living organism with external foreign agents is a central issue for its survival and adaptation to the environment. Nanosafety should be considered within this perspective, and it should be examined that how different organisms interact with engineered nanomaterials (NM) by either mounting a defensive response or by physiologically adapting to them. Herein, the interaction of NM with one of the major biological systems deputed to recognition of and response to foreign challenges, i.e., the immune system, is specifically addressed. The main focus is innate immunity, the only type of immunity in plants, invertebrates, and lower vertebrates, and that coexists with adaptive immunity in higher vertebrates. Because of their presence in the majority of eukaryotic living organisms, innate immune responses can be viewed in a comparative context. In the majority of cases, the interaction of NM with living organisms results in innate immune reactions that eliminate the possible danger with mechanisms that do not lead to damage. While in some cases such interaction may lead to pathological consequences, in some other cases beneficial effects can be identified.
Diana Boraschi; Andi Alijagic; Manon Auguste; Francesco Barbero; Eleonora Ferrari; Szabolcs Hernadi; Craig Mayall; Sara Michelini; Natividad I. Navarro Pacheco; Alessandra Prinelli; Elmer Swart; Benjamin J. Swartzwelter; Neus G. Bastús; Laura Canesi; Damjana Drobne; Albert Duschl; Marie‐Ann Ewart; Jutta Horejs‐Hoeck; Paola Italiani; Birgit Kemmerling; Peter Kille; Petra Prochazkova; Victor F. Puntes; David J. Spurgeon; Claus Svendsen; Colin J. Wilde; Annalisa Pinsino. Addressing Nanomaterial Immunosafety by Evaluating Innate Immunity across Living Species. Small 2020, 16, e2000598 .
AMA StyleDiana Boraschi, Andi Alijagic, Manon Auguste, Francesco Barbero, Eleonora Ferrari, Szabolcs Hernadi, Craig Mayall, Sara Michelini, Natividad I. Navarro Pacheco, Alessandra Prinelli, Elmer Swart, Benjamin J. Swartzwelter, Neus G. Bastús, Laura Canesi, Damjana Drobne, Albert Duschl, Marie‐Ann Ewart, Jutta Horejs‐Hoeck, Paola Italiani, Birgit Kemmerling, Peter Kille, Petra Prochazkova, Victor F. Puntes, David J. Spurgeon, Claus Svendsen, Colin J. Wilde, Annalisa Pinsino. Addressing Nanomaterial Immunosafety by Evaluating Innate Immunity across Living Species. Small. 2020; 16 (21):e2000598.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDiana Boraschi; Andi Alijagic; Manon Auguste; Francesco Barbero; Eleonora Ferrari; Szabolcs Hernadi; Craig Mayall; Sara Michelini; Natividad I. Navarro Pacheco; Alessandra Prinelli; Elmer Swart; Benjamin J. Swartzwelter; Neus G. Bastús; Laura Canesi; Damjana Drobne; Albert Duschl; Marie‐Ann Ewart; Jutta Horejs‐Hoeck; Paola Italiani; Birgit Kemmerling; Peter Kille; Petra Prochazkova; Victor F. Puntes; David J. Spurgeon; Claus Svendsen; Colin J. Wilde; Annalisa Pinsino. 2020. "Addressing Nanomaterial Immunosafety by Evaluating Innate Immunity across Living Species." Small 16, no. 21: e2000598.
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) are revolutionizing biomedicine due to their potential application as diagnostic and therapeutic agents. However, the TiO2NP immune-compatibility remains an open issue, even for ethical reasons. In this work, we investigated the immunomodulatory effects of TiO2NPs in an emergent proxy to human non-mammalian model for in vitro basic and translational immunology: the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. To highlight on the new insights into the evolutionarily conserved intracellular signaling and metabolism pathways involved in immune-TiO2NP recognition/interaction we applied a wide-ranging approach, including electron microscopy, biochemistry, transcriptomics and metabolomics. Findings highlight that TiO2NPs interact with immune cells suppressing the expression of genes encoding for proteins involved in immune response and apoptosis (e.g. NF-κB, FGFR2, JUN, MAPK14, FAS, VEGFR, Casp8), and boosting the immune cell antioxidant metabolic activity (e.g. pentose phosphate, cysteine-methionine, glycine-serine metabolism pathways). TiO2NP uptake was circumscribed to phagosomes/phagolysosomes, depicting harmless vesicular internalization. Our findings underlined that under TiO2NP-exposure sea urchin innate immune system is able to control inflammatory signaling, excite antioxidant metabolic activity and acquire immunological tolerance, providing a new level of understanding of the TiO2NP immune-compatibility that could be useful for the development in Nano medicines.
Andi Alijagic; Daniela Gaglio; Elisabetta Napodano; Roberta Russo; Caterina Costa; Oldřich Benada; Olga Kofroňová; Annalisa Pinsino. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles temporarily influence the sea urchin immunological state suppressing inflammatory-relate gene transcription and boosting antioxidant metabolic activity. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2019, 384, 121389 .
AMA StyleAndi Alijagic, Daniela Gaglio, Elisabetta Napodano, Roberta Russo, Caterina Costa, Oldřich Benada, Olga Kofroňová, Annalisa Pinsino. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles temporarily influence the sea urchin immunological state suppressing inflammatory-relate gene transcription and boosting antioxidant metabolic activity. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2019; 384 ():121389.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndi Alijagic; Daniela Gaglio; Elisabetta Napodano; Roberta Russo; Caterina Costa; Oldřich Benada; Olga Kofroňová; Annalisa Pinsino. 2019. "Titanium dioxide nanoparticles temporarily influence the sea urchin immunological state suppressing inflammatory-relate gene transcription and boosting antioxidant metabolic activity." Journal of Hazardous Materials 384, no. : 121389.
Extensive exploitation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) augments rapid release into the marine environment. When in contact with the body fluids of marine invertebrates, TiO2NPs undergo a transformation and adhere various organic molecules that shape a complex protein corona prior to contacting cells and tissues. To elucidate the potential extracellular signals that may be involved in the particle recognition by immune cells of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, we investigated the behavior of TiO2NPs in contact with extracellular proteins in vitro. Our findings indicate that TiO2NPs are able to interact with sea urchin proteins in both cell-free and cell-conditioned media. The two-dimensional proteome analysis of the protein corona bound to TiO2NP revealed that negatively charged proteins bound preferentially to the particles. The main constituents shaping the sea urchin cell-conditioned TiO2NP protein corona were proteins involved in cellular adhesion (Pl-toposome, Pl-galectin-8, Pl-nectin) and cytoskeletal organization (actin and tubulin). Immune cells (phagocytes) aggregated TiO2NPs on the outer cell surface and within well-organized vesicles without eliciting harmful effects on the biological activities of the cells. Cells showed an active metabolism, no oxidative stress or caspase activation. These results provide a new level of understanding of the extracellular proteins involved in the immune-TiO2NP recognition and interaction in vitro, confirming that primary immune cell cultures from P. lividus can be an optional model for swift and efficient immune-toxicological investigations.
Andi Alijagic; Oldřich Benada; Olga Kofroňová; Diego Cigna; Annalisa Pinsino. Sea Urchin Extracellular Proteins Design a Complex Protein Corona on Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle Surface Influencing Immune Cell Behavior. Frontiers in Immunology 2019, 10, 2261 .
AMA StyleAndi Alijagic, Oldřich Benada, Olga Kofroňová, Diego Cigna, Annalisa Pinsino. Sea Urchin Extracellular Proteins Design a Complex Protein Corona on Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle Surface Influencing Immune Cell Behavior. Frontiers in Immunology. 2019; 10 ():2261.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndi Alijagic; Oldřich Benada; Olga Kofroňová; Diego Cigna; Annalisa Pinsino. 2019. "Sea Urchin Extracellular Proteins Design a Complex Protein Corona on Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle Surface Influencing Immune Cell Behavior." Frontiers in Immunology 10, no. : 2261.
The effects of ocean acidification, a major anthropogenic impact on marine life, have been mainly investigated in laboratory/mesocosm experiments. We used the CO2 vents at Ischia as a natural laboratory to study the long-term effects of ocean acidification on the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus population resident in low-pH (7.8 ± 0.2) compared to that at two control sites (pH 8.02 ± 0.00; 8.02 ± 0.01). The novelty of the present study is the analysis of the sea urchin immune cells, the sentinels of environmental stress responses, by a wide-ranging approach, including cell morphology, biochemistry and proteomics. Immune cell proteomics showed that 311 proteins were differentially expressed in urchins across sites with a general shift towards antioxidant processes in the vent urchins. The vent urchin immune cells showed higher levels of total antioxidant capacity, up-regulation of phagosome and microsomal proteins, enzymes of ammonium metabolism, amino-acid degradation, and modulation of carbon metabolism proteins. Lipid-hydroperoxides and nitric oxide levels were not different in urchins from the different sites. No differences in the coelomic fluid pH, immune cell composition, animal respiration, nitrogen excretion and skeletal mineralogy were observed. Our results reveal the phenotypic plasticity of the immune system of sea urchins adapted to life at vent site, under conditions commensurate with near-future ocean acidification projections.
Oriana Migliaccio; Annalisa Pinsino; Elisa Maffioli; Abigail M. Smith; Claudio Agnisola; Valeria Matranga; Simona Nonnis; Gabriella Tedeschi; Maria Byrne; Maria Cristina Gambi; Anna Palumbo. Living in future ocean acidification, physiological adaptive responses of the immune system of sea urchins resident at a CO2 vent system. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 672, 938 -950.
AMA StyleOriana Migliaccio, Annalisa Pinsino, Elisa Maffioli, Abigail M. Smith, Claudio Agnisola, Valeria Matranga, Simona Nonnis, Gabriella Tedeschi, Maria Byrne, Maria Cristina Gambi, Anna Palumbo. Living in future ocean acidification, physiological adaptive responses of the immune system of sea urchins resident at a CO2 vent system. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 672 ():938-950.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOriana Migliaccio; Annalisa Pinsino; Elisa Maffioli; Abigail M. Smith; Claudio Agnisola; Valeria Matranga; Simona Nonnis; Gabriella Tedeschi; Maria Byrne; Maria Cristina Gambi; Anna Palumbo. 2019. "Living in future ocean acidification, physiological adaptive responses of the immune system of sea urchins resident at a CO2 vent system." Science of The Total Environment 672, no. : 938-950.
The sea urchin is an emergent model system for studying basic and translational immunology. Here we report a new method for the harvesting and maintenance of primary immune cells isolated from adult Paracentrotus lividus, a common Mediterranean sea urchin species. This optimised method uses Coelomocyte Culture Medium, containing a high-affinity Ca2+ chelator, as the ideal harvesting and anti-clotting vehicle and short-term culture medium (≤48 h), and artificial seawater as the master medium that maintains cell survival and in vitro–ex vivo physiological homeostasis over 2 weeks. Gradually reducing the amount of anticoagulant solution in the medium and regularly replacing the medium led to improved culture viability. Access to a robust and straightforward in vitro–ex vivo system will expedite our understanding of deuterostome immunity as well as underscore the potential of sea urchin with respect to biomedicine and regulatory testing.
Annalisa Pinsino; Andi Alijagic. Sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus immune cells in culture: formulation of the appropriate harvesting and culture media and maintenance conditions. Biology Open 2019, 8, 1 .
AMA StyleAnnalisa Pinsino, Andi Alijagic. Sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus immune cells in culture: formulation of the appropriate harvesting and culture media and maintenance conditions. Biology Open. 2019; 8 (3):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnnalisa Pinsino; Andi Alijagic. 2019. "Sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus immune cells in culture: formulation of the appropriate harvesting and culture media and maintenance conditions." Biology Open 8, no. 3: 1.
Widely appreciated in gastronomy, many harvested and farmed Crustacean species are a great economic resource in the fishery business, throughout the world. Factors like pollutants and/or improper management in on-board/on-shore practices may adversely affect their edible quality and shelf-life. Recent studies from applied scientific research have been supporting the fishing industry and trading companies, in order to improve post-harvest practices and offer a safe and competitive product of high quality. Here, we developed an innovative molecular approach to get basic information on crustacean quality by using the European lobster Nephrops norvegicus (Linnaeus, 1758). For the first time, we investigated muscle-exudates of thawed lobsters for the presence of nucleic acids and analysed mRNA targets selected at NCBI to test their potential use as biomarkers of quality in frozen-thawed seafood. By RT-PCRs and sequencing we validated small amplicons of Actin, Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI), Calpain M, Prophenoloxidase (ppo) and Crustin-like antimicrobial peptide. In comparative One Step RT-PCR and/or One Step RT-qPCR assays, we analysed their amplification profiles at 1, 4 and 7 days after thawing (a.t.), in lobsters maintained to checked temperatures from capture. Based on amplification efficiency (AE), inversely correlated to the time after thawing and loss of RNA targets integrity, we identified new highly sensitive, species specific early indicators of quality. Our results highlight the advantage of using amplicons from exudates in different food science applications including authenticity/traceability, and provide new insights for the development of scientific tools applicable to crustacean quality monitoring on industrial-scale.
Caterina Costa; Annalisa Pinsino; Rosa Bonaventura; Roberta Russo; Francesca Zito; Valeria Matranga. A pilot study for an innovative approach highlighting Actin and COI mRNAs as potential biomarkers of quality of the edible crustacean Nephrops norvegicus (Linnaeus, 1758). Food Control 2018, 97, 58 -66.
AMA StyleCaterina Costa, Annalisa Pinsino, Rosa Bonaventura, Roberta Russo, Francesca Zito, Valeria Matranga. A pilot study for an innovative approach highlighting Actin and COI mRNAs as potential biomarkers of quality of the edible crustacean Nephrops norvegicus (Linnaeus, 1758). Food Control. 2018; 97 ():58-66.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCaterina Costa; Annalisa Pinsino; Rosa Bonaventura; Roberta Russo; Francesca Zito; Valeria Matranga. 2018. "A pilot study for an innovative approach highlighting Actin and COI mRNAs as potential biomarkers of quality of the edible crustacean Nephrops norvegicus (Linnaeus, 1758)." Food Control 97, no. : 58-66.
L. Courtney Smith; Vincenzo Arizza; Megan A. Barela Hudgell; Gianpaolo Barone; Andrea G. Bodnar; Katherine M. Buckley; Vincenzo Cunsolo; Nolwenn M. Dheilly; Nicola Franchi; Sebastian D. Fugmann; Ryohei Furukawa; Jose Garcia-Arraras; John H. Henson; Taku Hibino; Zoe H. Irons; Chun Li; Cheng Man Lun; Audrey J. Majeske; Matan Oren; Patrizia Pagliara; Annalisa Pinsino; David A. Raftos; Jonathan P. Rast; Bakary Samasa; Domenico Schillaci; Catherine S. Schrankel; Loredana Stabili; Klara Stensväg; Elisse Sutton. Correction to: Echinodermata: The Complex Immune System in Echinoderms. Advances in Comparative Immunology 2018, E1 -E1.
AMA StyleL. Courtney Smith, Vincenzo Arizza, Megan A. Barela Hudgell, Gianpaolo Barone, Andrea G. Bodnar, Katherine M. Buckley, Vincenzo Cunsolo, Nolwenn M. Dheilly, Nicola Franchi, Sebastian D. Fugmann, Ryohei Furukawa, Jose Garcia-Arraras, John H. Henson, Taku Hibino, Zoe H. Irons, Chun Li, Cheng Man Lun, Audrey J. Majeske, Matan Oren, Patrizia Pagliara, Annalisa Pinsino, David A. Raftos, Jonathan P. Rast, Bakary Samasa, Domenico Schillaci, Catherine S. Schrankel, Loredana Stabili, Klara Stensväg, Elisse Sutton. Correction to: Echinodermata: The Complex Immune System in Echinoderms. Advances in Comparative Immunology. 2018; ():E1-E1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleL. Courtney Smith; Vincenzo Arizza; Megan A. Barela Hudgell; Gianpaolo Barone; Andrea G. Bodnar; Katherine M. Buckley; Vincenzo Cunsolo; Nolwenn M. Dheilly; Nicola Franchi; Sebastian D. Fugmann; Ryohei Furukawa; Jose Garcia-Arraras; John H. Henson; Taku Hibino; Zoe H. Irons; Chun Li; Cheng Man Lun; Audrey J. Majeske; Matan Oren; Patrizia Pagliara; Annalisa Pinsino; David A. Raftos; Jonathan P. Rast; Bakary Samasa; Domenico Schillaci; Catherine S. Schrankel; Loredana Stabili; Klara Stensväg; Elisse Sutton. 2018. "Correction to: Echinodermata: The Complex Immune System in Echinoderms." Advances in Comparative Immunology , no. : E1-E1.
The Echinodermata are an ancient phylum of benthic marine invertebrates with a dispersal-stage planktonic larva. These animals have innate immune systems characterized initially by clearance of foreign particles, including microbes, from the body cavity of both larvae and adults, and allograft tissue rejection in adults. Immune responsiveness is mediated by a variety of adult coelomocytes and larval mesenchyme cells. Echinoderm diseases from a range of pathogens can lead to mass die-offs and impact aquaculture, but some individuals can recover. Genome sequences of several echinoderms have identified genes with immune function, including expanded families of Toll-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, and scavenger receptors with cysteine-rich domains, plus signaling pathways and cytokines. The set of transcription factors that regulate proliferation and differentiation of the cellular immune system are conserved and indicate the ancestral origins of hematopoiesis. Both larval and adult echinoderms are in constant contact with potential pathogens in seawater, and they respond to infection by phagocytosis and encapsulation, and employ proteins that function in immune detection and response. Antipathogen responses include activation of the SpTransformer genes, a complement system, and the production of many types of antimicrobial peptides. Echinoderms have homologues of the recombinase activating genes plus all associated genes that function in vertebrates for immunoglobulin gene family rearrangement, although their gene targets are unknown. The echinoderm immune system has been characterized as unexpectedly complex, robust, and flexible. Many echinoderms have very long life-spans that correlate with an excellent capacity for cell damage repair. In many marine ecosystems, echinoderms are keystone predators and herbivores, and therefore are species that can serve as optimal sentinels of environmental health. Coelomocytes can be employed in sensor systems to test for the presence of marine pollutants. When Elie Metchnikoff inserted a rose prickle into a larval sea star and observed chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and encapsulation by the mesenchyme cells, he initiated not only the field of immunology but also that of comparative immunology, of which the echinoderms have been an important part.
L. Courtney Smith; Vincenzo Arizza; Megan A. Barela Hudgell; Gianpaolo Barone; Andrea G. Bodnar; Katherine M. Buckley; Vincenzo Cunsolo; Nolwenn M. Dheilly; Nicola Franchi; Sebastian D. Fugmann; Ryohei Furukawa; Jose Garcia-Arraras; John H. Henson; Taku Hibino; Zoe H. Irons; Chun Li; Cheng Man Lun; Audrey J. Majeske; Matan Oren; Patrizia Pagliara; Annalisa Pinsino; David A. Raftos; Jonathan P. Rast; Bakary Samasa; Domenico Schillaci; Catherine S. Schrankel; Loredana Stabili; Klara Stensväg; Elisse Sutton. Echinodermata: The Complex Immune System in Echinoderms. Advances in Comparative Immunology 2018, 409 -501.
AMA StyleL. Courtney Smith, Vincenzo Arizza, Megan A. Barela Hudgell, Gianpaolo Barone, Andrea G. Bodnar, Katherine M. Buckley, Vincenzo Cunsolo, Nolwenn M. Dheilly, Nicola Franchi, Sebastian D. Fugmann, Ryohei Furukawa, Jose Garcia-Arraras, John H. Henson, Taku Hibino, Zoe H. Irons, Chun Li, Cheng Man Lun, Audrey J. Majeske, Matan Oren, Patrizia Pagliara, Annalisa Pinsino, David A. Raftos, Jonathan P. Rast, Bakary Samasa, Domenico Schillaci, Catherine S. Schrankel, Loredana Stabili, Klara Stensväg, Elisse Sutton. Echinodermata: The Complex Immune System in Echinoderms. Advances in Comparative Immunology. 2018; ():409-501.
Chicago/Turabian StyleL. Courtney Smith; Vincenzo Arizza; Megan A. Barela Hudgell; Gianpaolo Barone; Andrea G. Bodnar; Katherine M. Buckley; Vincenzo Cunsolo; Nolwenn M. Dheilly; Nicola Franchi; Sebastian D. Fugmann; Ryohei Furukawa; Jose Garcia-Arraras; John H. Henson; Taku Hibino; Zoe H. Irons; Chun Li; Cheng Man Lun; Audrey J. Majeske; Matan Oren; Patrizia Pagliara; Annalisa Pinsino; David A. Raftos; Jonathan P. Rast; Bakary Samasa; Domenico Schillaci; Catherine S. Schrankel; Loredana Stabili; Klara Stensväg; Elisse Sutton. 2018. "Echinodermata: The Complex Immune System in Echinoderms." Advances in Comparative Immunology , no. : 409-501.
The sea urchin embryo-toxicity test is widely used to assess the toxicity of contaminants and environmental matrices. In standard guideline and literature studies, the classical toxicity criteria are based on distinguishing between normal and abnormal embryos at pluteus stage. The aim of this research was to further expand the potentiality of the recently developed Integrative Toxicity Index (ITI), investigating the reversibility of the effects induced by various trace metals (cadmium, copper, lead and zinc) on sea urchin development. For this purpose, embryos were observed after different periods of exposure and recovery to metals. Results were analysed comparing ITI with standard criteria, thus moving from the simple observation of general effects to the classification of their severity. The onset and reversibility of effects by trace metals were more efficiently discriminated by the use of the ITI, which recognized and weighted the delay and degree of various abnormalities. Above, this study was expected to provide new insights into the capability of each metal to induce anomalies leading to a block or delay in embryogenesis of the embryos to recover normal development after metal exposure, thus adding further ecological value to the sea urchin bioassay.
L. Morroni; A. Pinsino; D. Pellegrini; F. Regoli. Reversibility of trace metals effects on sea urchin embryonic development. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2018, 148, 923 -929.
AMA StyleL. Morroni, A. Pinsino, D. Pellegrini, F. Regoli. Reversibility of trace metals effects on sea urchin embryonic development. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2018; 148 ():923-929.
Chicago/Turabian StyleL. Morroni; A. Pinsino; D. Pellegrini; F. Regoli. 2018. "Reversibility of trace metals effects on sea urchin embryonic development." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 148, no. : 923-929.
The deep-water rose shrimp, Parapenaeus longirostris, is a target species of the Mediterranean fisheries mostly caught by trawlers offshore, processed, and frozen on board. The effects of thawing on shrimp muscle exudate collected at 0, 1, 2, 3 days after thawing were investigated. In total, 70-kDa heat-shock protein (Hsp70), alpha (α)-enolase, and manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) were selected as metabolic and stress-related proteins and analyzed by immunoblotting on exudates. Data were compared for the amount of exudates collected and the pH values. Among the investigated proteins, only the Hsp70 levels showed a decrease related to the post-thawing period and correlated with both the significant increase of the exudate amount and the pH values. These data strongly suggest the potential use of Hsp70 as an early predictive biomarker for quality of the P. longirostris shrimp after thawing.
Annalisa Pinsino; Rosa Bonaventura; Caterina Costa; Roberta Russo; Francesca Zito; Valeria Guarrasi; Valeria Matranga. The 70-kDa Heat-shock Protein as a Potential Biomarker of Quality of the Parapenaeus longirostris Shrimp Flesh. Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology 2017, 27, 122 -130.
AMA StyleAnnalisa Pinsino, Rosa Bonaventura, Caterina Costa, Roberta Russo, Francesca Zito, Valeria Guarrasi, Valeria Matranga. The 70-kDa Heat-shock Protein as a Potential Biomarker of Quality of the Parapenaeus longirostris Shrimp Flesh. Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology. 2017; 27 (1):122-130.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnnalisa Pinsino; Rosa Bonaventura; Caterina Costa; Roberta Russo; Francesca Zito; Valeria Guarrasi; Valeria Matranga. 2017. "The 70-kDa Heat-shock Protein as a Potential Biomarker of Quality of the Parapenaeus longirostris Shrimp Flesh." Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology 27, no. 1: 122-130.
Among currently identified issues presenting risks and benefits to human and ocean health, engineered nanoparticles (ENP) represent a priority. Predictions of their economic and social impact appear extraordinary, but their release in the environment at an uncontrollable rate is in striking contrast with the extremely limited number of studies on environmental impact, especially on the marine environment. The sea urchin has a remarkable sensing environmental system whose function and diversity came into focus during the recent years, after sea urchin genome sequencing. The complex immune system may be the basis wherefore sea urchins can adapt to a dynamic environment and survive even in hazardous conditions both in the adult and in the embryonic life. This review is aimed at discussing the literature in nanotoxicological/ecotoxicological studies with a focus on stress and innate immune signaling in sea urchins. In addition, here we introduce our current development of in vitro-driven probes that could be used to dissect ENP aftermaths, suggesting their future use in immune-nanotoxicology.
Andi Alijagic; Annalisa Pinsino. Probing safety of nanoparticles by outlining sea urchin sensing and signaling cascades. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2017, 144, 416 -421.
AMA StyleAndi Alijagic, Annalisa Pinsino. Probing safety of nanoparticles by outlining sea urchin sensing and signaling cascades. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2017; 144 ():416-421.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndi Alijagic; Annalisa Pinsino. 2017. "Probing safety of nanoparticles by outlining sea urchin sensing and signaling cascades." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 144, no. : 416-421.
Polystyrene nanoparticles have been shown to pose serious risk to marine organisms including sea urchin embryos based on their surface properties and consequently behaviour in natural sea water. The aim of this study is to investigate the toxicity pathways of amino polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NH, 50 nm) in Paracentrotus lividus embryos in terms of development and signalling at both protein and gene levels. Two sub-lethal concentrations of 3 and 4 μg/mL of PS-NH were used to expose sea urchin embryos in natural sea water (PS-NH as aggregates of 143 ± 5 nm). At 24 and 48 h post-fertilisation (hpf) embryonic development was monitored and variations in the levels of key proteins involved in stress response and development (Hsp70, Hsp60, MnSOD, Phospho-p38 Mapk) as well as the modulation of target genes (Pl-Hsp70, Pl-Hsp60, Pl-Cytochrome b, Pl-p38 Mapk, Pl-Caspase 8, Pl-Univin) were measured. At 48 hpf various striking teratogenic effects were observed such as the occurrence of cells/masses randomly distributed, severe skeletal defects and delayed development. At 24 hpf a significant up-regulation of Pl-Hsp70, Pl-p38 Mapk, Pl-Univin and Pl-Cas8 genes was found, while at 48 hpf only for Pl-Univin was observed. Protein profile showed different patterns as a significant increase of Hsp70 and Hsp60 only after 48 hpf compared to controls. Conversely, P-p38 Mapk protein significantly increased at 24 hpf and decreased at 48 hpf. Our findings highlight that PS-NH are able to disrupt sea urchin embryos development by modulating protein and gene profile providing new understandings into the signalling pathways involved.
Annalisa Pinsino; Elisa Bergami; Camilla Della Torre; Maria Luisa Vannuccini; Piero Addis; Marco Secci; Kenneth A. Dawson; Valeria Matranga; Ilaria Corsi. Amino-modified polystyrene nanoparticles affect signalling pathways of the sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) embryos. Nanotoxicology 2017, 11, 201 -209.
AMA StyleAnnalisa Pinsino, Elisa Bergami, Camilla Della Torre, Maria Luisa Vannuccini, Piero Addis, Marco Secci, Kenneth A. Dawson, Valeria Matranga, Ilaria Corsi. Amino-modified polystyrene nanoparticles affect signalling pathways of the sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) embryos. Nanotoxicology. 2017; 11 (2):201-209.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnnalisa Pinsino; Elisa Bergami; Camilla Della Torre; Maria Luisa Vannuccini; Piero Addis; Marco Secci; Kenneth A. Dawson; Valeria Matranga; Ilaria Corsi. 2017. "Amino-modified polystyrene nanoparticles affect signalling pathways of the sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) embryos." Nanotoxicology 11, no. 2: 201-209.
The sea urchin embryo toxicity test is classically used to assess the noxious effects of contaminated marine waters and sediments. In Italian guidelines on quality of dredged sediments, the standard toxicity criteria used for this assay are based on a single endpoint at 48 hours of development, corresponding to the pluteus stage. Different typologies of abnormalities, including those which occur at earlier stages, are not categorized, thus preventing the evaluation of the actual teratogenic hazards. A new integrative toxicity index has been developed in this study based on the analysis of two developmental stages, at 24 and 48 h post-fertilization, and the differentiation between development delays and germ layers impairments: the new toxicity index is calculated by integrating the frequency of abnormal embryos with the severity of such abnormalities. When tested on dredged sediments, the evaluation of increasing levels of toxicity affecting embryonic outcomes enhanced the capability to discriminate different samples, appearing particularly relevant to validate the sea urchin embryo toxicity assay, and supporting its utility in practical applications such as the sediments classification in harbor areas.
L. Morroni; Annalisa Pinsino; D. Pellegrini; F. Regoli; V. Matranga. Development of a new integrative toxicity index based on an improvement of the sea urchin embryo toxicity test. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2016, 123, 2 -7.
AMA StyleL. Morroni, Annalisa Pinsino, D. Pellegrini, F. Regoli, V. Matranga. Development of a new integrative toxicity index based on an improvement of the sea urchin embryo toxicity test. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2016; 123 ():2-7.
Chicago/Turabian StyleL. Morroni; Annalisa Pinsino; D. Pellegrini; F. Regoli; V. Matranga. 2016. "Development of a new integrative toxicity index based on an improvement of the sea urchin embryo toxicity test." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 123, no. : 2-7.
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) are one of the most widespread-engineered particles in use for drug delivery, cosmetics, and electronics. However, TiO2NP safety is still an open issue, even for ethical reasons. In this work, we investigated the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus immune cell model as a proxy to humans, to elucidate a potential pathway that can be involved in the persistent TiO2NP-immune cell interaction in vivo. Morphology, phagocytic ability, changes in activation/inactivation of a few mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK, ERK), variations of other key proteins triggering immune response (Toll-like receptor 4-like, Heat shock protein 70, Interleukin-6) and modifications in the expression of related immune response genes were investigated. Our findings indicate that TiO2NPs influence the signal transduction downstream targets of p38 MAPK without eliciting an inflammatory response or other harmful effects on biological functions. We strongly recommend sea urchin immune cells as a new powerful model for nano-safety/nano-toxicity investigations without the ethical normative issue.
Annalisa Pinsino; Roberta Russo; Rosa Bonaventura; Andrea Brunelli; Antonio Marcomini; Valeria Matranga. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles stimulate sea urchin immune cell phagocytic activity involving TLR/p38 MAPK-mediated signalling pathway. Scientific Reports 2015, 5, 14492 .
AMA StyleAnnalisa Pinsino, Roberta Russo, Rosa Bonaventura, Andrea Brunelli, Antonio Marcomini, Valeria Matranga. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles stimulate sea urchin immune cell phagocytic activity involving TLR/p38 MAPK-mediated signalling pathway. Scientific Reports. 2015; 5 (1):14492.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnnalisa Pinsino; Roberta Russo; Rosa Bonaventura; Andrea Brunelli; Antonio Marcomini; Valeria Matranga. 2015. "Titanium dioxide nanoparticles stimulate sea urchin immune cell phagocytic activity involving TLR/p38 MAPK-mediated signalling pathway." Scientific Reports 5, no. 1: 14492.