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Dr. Uzair Sajjad
National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan

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0 Artificial Intelligence
0 Surface Engineering
0 Thermal Management
0 boiling heat and mass transfer
0 Boiling heat transfer

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Thermal Management
boiling heat and mass transfer
Boiling heat transfer
Artificial Intelligence
Surface Engineering

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Short Biography

Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan

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Journal article
Published: 15 July 2021 in Processes
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This study examines the performance of three heat pump dryers: the original reference design, a modified drying chamber, and an external desiccant wheel design. Unlike most existing studies that normally adopt organic products as the drying materials, in this study we used moist sodium polyacrylate (Orbeez) as the drying material for consistent characterization of the heat pump performance. R-134a was adopted as the refrigerant for the heat pump system. The experiments were performed subject to different weights of Orbeez (drying material) at a constant volumetric flow rate of 100 m3/h. During experimentation, different parameters like the coefficient of performance (COPHP), drying rate, heat transfer rate by the condenser, moisture extraction rate, and specific moisture extraction rate were calculated. The average COPHP, mass transfer rate, heat transfer rate, MER, and SMER of the system were calculated as 3.9, 0.30 kg/s, 0.56 kW, 0.495 kg/h, and 1.614 kg/kWh, respectively. The maximum COP for the refrigeration system was achieved at lower test loads with the desiccant wheel. The moisture extraction rate for a lower test loading was higher than that for a higher test load due to the higher penetration of drying air at the lower test load, although the maximum test load showed the maximum relative humidity at the dryer outlet. The desiccant wheel showed good performance in terms of moisture extraction rate and COPHP, but it showed poor performance in terms of the specific moisture extraction rate due to the high power consumption (around 2.6 kW) of the desiccant dehumidifier. The moisture extraction rate (MER) for all designs increased to a maximum value, followed by consistent decline. However, the maximum MER for the desiccant design exceeded those for the other designs.

ACS Style

Kai-Shing Yang; Khalid Hamid; Shih-Kuo Wu; Uzair Sajjad; Chi-Chuan Wang. Experimental Analysis of a Heat Pump Dryer with an External Desiccant Wheel Dryer. Processes 2021, 9, 1216 .

AMA Style

Kai-Shing Yang, Khalid Hamid, Shih-Kuo Wu, Uzair Sajjad, Chi-Chuan Wang. Experimental Analysis of a Heat Pump Dryer with an External Desiccant Wheel Dryer. Processes. 2021; 9 (7):1216.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kai-Shing Yang; Khalid Hamid; Shih-Kuo Wu; Uzair Sajjad; Chi-Chuan Wang. 2021. "Experimental Analysis of a Heat Pump Dryer with an External Desiccant Wheel Dryer." Processes 9, no. 7: 1216.

Review
Published: 30 June 2021 in Coatings
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Titanium, stainless steel, and CoCrMo alloys are the most widely used biomaterials for orthopedic applications. The most common causes of orthopedic implant failure after implantation are infections, inflammatory response, least corrosion resistance, mismatch in elastic modulus, stress shielding, and excessive wear. To address the problems associated with implant materials, different modifications related to design, materials, and surface have been developed. Among the different methods, coating is an effective method to improve the performance of implant materials. In this article, a comprehensive review of recent studies has been carried out to summarize the impact of coating materials on metallic implants. The antibacterial characteristics, biodegradability, biocompatibility, corrosion behavior, and mechanical properties for performance evaluation are briefly summarized. Different effective coating techniques, coating materials, and additives have been summarized. The results are useful to produce the coating with optimized properties.

ACS Style

Muzamil Hussain; Syed Askari Rizvi; Naseem Abbas; Uzair Sajjad; Muhammad Shad; Mohsin Badshah; Asif Malik. Recent Developments in Coatings for Orthopedic Metallic Implants. Coatings 2021, 11, 791 .

AMA Style

Muzamil Hussain, Syed Askari Rizvi, Naseem Abbas, Uzair Sajjad, Muhammad Shad, Mohsin Badshah, Asif Malik. Recent Developments in Coatings for Orthopedic Metallic Implants. Coatings. 2021; 11 (7):791.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muzamil Hussain; Syed Askari Rizvi; Naseem Abbas; Uzair Sajjad; Muhammad Shad; Mohsin Badshah; Asif Malik. 2021. "Recent Developments in Coatings for Orthopedic Metallic Implants." Coatings 11, no. 7: 791.

Journal article
Published: 15 June 2021 in Sustainability
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Pakistan is facing a severe energy crisis due to its heavy dependency on the import of costly fossil fuels, which ultimately leads to expansive electricity generation, a low power supply, and interruptive load shedding. In this regard, the utilization of available renewable energy resources within the country for production of electricity can lessen this energy crisis. Livestock waste/manure is considered the most renewable and abundant material for biogas generation. Pakistan is primarily an agricultural country, and livestock is widely kept by the farming community, in order to meet their needs. According to the 2016–2018 data on the livestock population, poultry held the largest share at 45.8%, followed by buffaloes (20.6%), cattle (12.7%), goats (10.8%), sheep (8.4%), asses (1.3%), camels (0.25%), horses (0.1%), and mules (0.05%). Different animals produce different amounts of manure, based upon their size, weight, age, feed, and type. The most manure is produced by cattle (10–20 kg/day), while poultry produce the least (0.08–0.1 kg/day). Large quantities of livestock manure are produced from each province of Pakistan; Punjab province was the highest contributor (51%) of livestock manure in 2018. The potential livestock manure production in Pakistan was 417.3 million tons (Mt) in 2018, from which 26,871.35 million m3 of biogas could be generated—with a production potential of 492.6 petajoules (PJ) of heat energy and 5521.5 MW of electricity. Due to its favorable conditions for biodigester technologies, and through the appropriate development of anaerobic digestion, the currently prevailing energy crises in Pakistan could be eliminated.

ACS Style

Muhammad Khan; Muhammad Ahmad; Muhammad Sultan; Ihsanullah Sohoo; Prakash Ghimire; Azlan Zahid; Abid Sarwar; Muhammad Farooq; Uzair Sajjad; Peyman Abdeshahian; Maryam Yousaf. Biogas Production Potential from Livestock Manure in Pakistan. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6751 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Khan, Muhammad Ahmad, Muhammad Sultan, Ihsanullah Sohoo, Prakash Ghimire, Azlan Zahid, Abid Sarwar, Muhammad Farooq, Uzair Sajjad, Peyman Abdeshahian, Maryam Yousaf. Biogas Production Potential from Livestock Manure in Pakistan. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (12):6751.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Khan; Muhammad Ahmad; Muhammad Sultan; Ihsanullah Sohoo; Prakash Ghimire; Azlan Zahid; Abid Sarwar; Muhammad Farooq; Uzair Sajjad; Peyman Abdeshahian; Maryam Yousaf. 2021. "Biogas Production Potential from Livestock Manure in Pakistan." Sustainability 13, no. 12: 6751.

Journal article
Published: 08 June 2021 in International Journal of Multiphase Flow
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The existing nucleate pool boiling correlations have theoretical footings and their usefulness is restricted by the failure to effectively account for the surface effect. To tackle this problem, a high-fidelity approach based on deep learning has been developed to predict the nucleate boiling surfaces subject to various surface roughness. The proposed model accounts for the effect of surface roughness, roughness fabrication method, surface material, surface inclination, saturation temperature, and pressure on the pool boiling performance of dielectric liquids, water, and refrigerants. The proposed method can accurately predict the boiling heat transfer performance of roughened surfaces by including the most influential surface characteristics, testing conditions, and liquid thermophysical properties into the architecture of the developed model. Correlation matrix identifies that heat flux, surface inclination, surface roughness, thermal conductivity of surface material, liquid saturation temperature, and pressure are the prime factors to affect the nucleate boiling heat transfer coefficient. Different neural networks (DNNs) are built and tested in order to find an optimal model based on an experimental dataset of 13000 data points. The final selected model can estimate the investigated parameter with a coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.994 and mean absolute error (MAE) = 0.65. The suggested method can be utilized to predict the boiling heat transfer performance of a variety of roughened surfaces subject to different working fluids and testing conditions.

ACS Style

Uzair Sajjad; Imtiyaz Hussain; Chi-Chuan Wang. A high-fidelity approach to correlate the nucleate pool boiling data of roughened surfaces. International Journal of Multiphase Flow 2021, 142, 103719 .

AMA Style

Uzair Sajjad, Imtiyaz Hussain, Chi-Chuan Wang. A high-fidelity approach to correlate the nucleate pool boiling data of roughened surfaces. International Journal of Multiphase Flow. 2021; 142 ():103719.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Uzair Sajjad; Imtiyaz Hussain; Chi-Chuan Wang. 2021. "A high-fidelity approach to correlate the nucleate pool boiling data of roughened surfaces." International Journal of Multiphase Flow 142, no. : 103719.

Review
Published: 02 June 2021 in Applied Thermal Engineering
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Dielectric liquids possess great potential for thermal management of electronic devices for containing features like environmental benign and are free from electrical hazards. One of the highly efficient cooling schemes with dielectric liquids is via pool boiling in immersion cooling. The present study reviews role of surface engineering in enhanced pool boiling highly wetting dielectric liquids. The current review consolidates the data of pool boiling of engineered surfaces in terms of heat transfer coefficient (HTC), critical heat flux (CHF), and temperature excursion. The engineered surfaces are classified with respect to their fabrication techniques (additive, subtractive, or combined). The enhanced pool boiling performance of these engineered surfaces is reported and discussed for both saturated and subcooled testing conditions. Also, discussions are made on some of the engineered surfaces that deteriorate the performance subjected to pool boiling of dielectric liquids. The promising engineered surfaces in terms of improved boiling performance (higher HTC and CHF) are highlighted as well. Moreover, the existing prediction methods (correlations, mechanistic models, and artificial intelligence based models) are evaluated. Finally, the research gaps in the pool boiling of dielectric liquids in terms of the surface engineering along with the prediction methods are identified.

ACS Style

Uzair Sajjad; Ali Sadeghianjahromi; Hafiz Muhammad Ali; Chi-Chuan Wang. Enhanced pool boiling of dielectric and highly wetting liquids – A review on surface engineering. Applied Thermal Engineering 2021, 195, 117074 .

AMA Style

Uzair Sajjad, Ali Sadeghianjahromi, Hafiz Muhammad Ali, Chi-Chuan Wang. Enhanced pool boiling of dielectric and highly wetting liquids – A review on surface engineering. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2021; 195 ():117074.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Uzair Sajjad; Ali Sadeghianjahromi; Hafiz Muhammad Ali; Chi-Chuan Wang. 2021. "Enhanced pool boiling of dielectric and highly wetting liquids – A review on surface engineering." Applied Thermal Engineering 195, no. : 117074.

Journal article
Published: 05 March 2021 in Sustainability
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Poultry are one of the most vulnerable species of its kind once the temperature-humidity nexus is explored. This is so because the broilers lack sweat glands as compared to humans and undergo panting process to mitigate their latent heat (moisture produced in the body) in the air. As a result, moisture production inside poultry house needs to be maintained to avoid any serious health and welfare complications. Several strategies such as compressor-based air-conditioning systems have been implemented worldwide to attenuate the heat stress in poultry, but these are not economical. Therefore, this study focuses on the development of low-cost and environmentally friendly improved evaporative cooling systems (DEC, IEC, MEC) from the viewpoint of heat stress in poultry houses. Thermodynamic analysis of these systems was carried out for the climatic conditions of Multan, Pakistan. The results appreciably controlled the environmental conditions which showed that for the months of April, May, and June, the decrease in temperature by direct evaporative cooling (DEC), indirect evaporative cooling (IEC), and Maisotsenko-Cycle evaporative cooling (MEC) systems is 7–10 °C, 5–6.5 °C, and 9.5–12 °C, respectively. In case of July, August, and September, the decrease in temperature by DEC, IEC, and MEC systems is 5.5–7 °C, 3.5–4.5 °C, and 7–7.5 °C, respectively. In addition, drop in temperature-humidity index (THI) values by DEC, IEC, and MEC is 3.5–9 °C, 3–7 °C, and 5.5–10 °C, respectively for all months. Optimum temperature and relative humidity conditions are determined for poultry birds and thereby, systems’ performance is thermodynamically evaluated for poultry farms from the viewpoint of THI, temperature-humidity-velocity index (THVI), and thermal exposure time (ET). From the analysis, it is concluded that MEC system performed relatively better than others due to its ability of dew-point cooling and achieved THI threshold limit with reasonable temperature and humidity indexes.

ACS Style

Khawar Shahzad; Muhammad Sultan; Muhammad Bilal; Hadeed Ashraf; Muhammad Farooq; Takahiko Miyazaki; Uzair Sajjad; Imran Ali; Muhammad Hussain. Experiments on Energy-Efficient Evaporative Cooling Systems for Poultry Farm Application in Multan (Pakistan). Sustainability 2021, 13, 2836 .

AMA Style

Khawar Shahzad, Muhammad Sultan, Muhammad Bilal, Hadeed Ashraf, Muhammad Farooq, Takahiko Miyazaki, Uzair Sajjad, Imran Ali, Muhammad Hussain. Experiments on Energy-Efficient Evaporative Cooling Systems for Poultry Farm Application in Multan (Pakistan). Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2836.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Khawar Shahzad; Muhammad Sultan; Muhammad Bilal; Hadeed Ashraf; Muhammad Farooq; Takahiko Miyazaki; Uzair Sajjad; Imran Ali; Muhammad Hussain. 2021. "Experiments on Energy-Efficient Evaporative Cooling Systems for Poultry Farm Application in Multan (Pakistan)." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2836.

Journal article
Published: 19 February 2021 in Energies
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This study provides insights into the feasibility of a desiccant dehumidification-based Maisotsenko cycle evaporative cooling (M-DAC) system for greenhouse air-conditioning application. Conventional cooling techniques include direct evaporative cooling, refrigeration systems, and passive/active ventilation. which are commonly used in Pakistan; however, they are either not feasible due to their energy cost, or they cannot efficiently provide an optimum microclimate depending on the regions, the growing seasons, and the crop being cultivated. The M-DAC system was therefore proposed and evaluated as an alternative solution for air conditioning to achieve optimum levels of vapor pressure deficit (VPD) for greenhouse crop production. The objective of this study was to investigate the thermodynamic performance of the proposed system from the viewpoints of the temperature gradient, relative humidity level, VPD, and dehumidification gradient. Results showed that the standalone desiccant air-conditioning (DAC) system created maximum dehumidification gradient (i.e., 16.8 g/kg) and maximum temperature gradient (i.e., 8.4 °C) at 24.3 g/kg and 38.6 °C ambient air conditions, respectively. The DAC coupled with a heat exchanger (DAC+HX) created a temperature gradient nearly equal to ambient air conditions, which is not in the optimal range for greenhouse growing conditions. Analysis of the M-DAC system showed that a maximum air temperature gradient, i.e., 21.9 °C at 39.2 °C ambient air condition, can be achieved, and is considered optimal for most greenhouse crops. Results were validated with two microclimate models (OptDeg and Cft) by taking into account the optimality of VPD at different growth stages of tomato plants. This study suggests that the M-DAC system is a feasible method to be considered as an efficient solution for greenhouse air-conditioning under the climate conditions of Multan (Pakistan).

ACS Style

Hadeed Ashraf; Muhammad Sultan; Redmond Shamshiri; Farrukh Abbas; Muhammad Farooq; Uzair Sajjad; Hafiz Md-Tahir; Muhammad Mahmood; Fiaz Ahmad; Yousaf Taseer; Aamir Shahzad; Badar Niazi. Dynamic Evaluation of Desiccant Dehumidification Evaporative Cooling Options for Greenhouse Air-Conditioning Application in Multan (Pakistan). Energies 2021, 14, 1097 .

AMA Style

Hadeed Ashraf, Muhammad Sultan, Redmond Shamshiri, Farrukh Abbas, Muhammad Farooq, Uzair Sajjad, Hafiz Md-Tahir, Muhammad Mahmood, Fiaz Ahmad, Yousaf Taseer, Aamir Shahzad, Badar Niazi. Dynamic Evaluation of Desiccant Dehumidification Evaporative Cooling Options for Greenhouse Air-Conditioning Application in Multan (Pakistan). Energies. 2021; 14 (4):1097.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hadeed Ashraf; Muhammad Sultan; Redmond Shamshiri; Farrukh Abbas; Muhammad Farooq; Uzair Sajjad; Hafiz Md-Tahir; Muhammad Mahmood; Fiaz Ahmad; Yousaf Taseer; Aamir Shahzad; Badar Niazi. 2021. "Dynamic Evaluation of Desiccant Dehumidification Evaporative Cooling Options for Greenhouse Air-Conditioning Application in Multan (Pakistan)." Energies 14, no. 4: 1097.

Article
Published: 18 February 2021 in Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry
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Owing to the high nucleation site density and relatively robust behavior, sintered coated surfaces are of great interest for thermal management via pool boiling in many industries/applications such as desalination, electronics cooling, petrochemical, and power sector. The coated surfaces have been extensively used to improve the performance of the pool boiling process over the years. Regardless of a large amount of experimental data on the pool boiling of coated surfaces, no accurate mathematical/empirical approaches have been developed to estimate the heat transfer coefficient of these surfaces. The present study develops an AI-based method to estimate the pool boiling heat transfer coefficient for coated porous surfaces. The proposed AI method can handle the complex nature of the coating characteristics such as porosity, coating thickness, and particle size. Via using deep neural networks, the proposed method is applicable for highly wetting fluids (dielectric liquids), refrigerants, and low-wetting liquid (water). Correlation matrix analysis confirms that porosity, coating thickness, particle size, wall superheat, and surface inclination as well as the thermophysical properties of the working fluids are the best independent variables to estimate the considered parameter. Different deep neural networks are designed and evaluated to find the optimized model in terms of its predictive accuracy by experimental data (373 points). The best model with an input layer, three hidden layers, and an output layer (11–30–15–1–1) was able to predict the heat transfer coefficient with overall R2 = 0.976 and (mean absolute error) MAE% = 5.74. The proposed approach is simple and can be employed to optimize the sintered coated surfaces for different cooling applications.

ACS Style

Uzair Sajjad; Imtiyaz Hussain; Khalid Hamid; Showkat Ahmad Bhat; Hafiz Muhammad Ali; Chi-Chuan Wang. A deep learning method for estimating the boiling heat transfer coefficient of porous surfaces. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 2021, 145, 1911 -1923.

AMA Style

Uzair Sajjad, Imtiyaz Hussain, Khalid Hamid, Showkat Ahmad Bhat, Hafiz Muhammad Ali, Chi-Chuan Wang. A deep learning method for estimating the boiling heat transfer coefficient of porous surfaces. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2021; 145 (4):1911-1923.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Uzair Sajjad; Imtiyaz Hussain; Khalid Hamid; Showkat Ahmad Bhat; Hafiz Muhammad Ali; Chi-Chuan Wang. 2021. "A deep learning method for estimating the boiling heat transfer coefficient of porous surfaces." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 145, no. 4: 1911-1923.

Journal article
Published: 10 February 2021 in Journal of Materials Research and Technology
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The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of roughness fabrication methods on the corrosion resistance of Al-5050 alloy. The surfaces having roughness (0.45–6.2 μm) are generated by polishing, machining, and sandblasting. The surfaces are tested in 3.5wt%NaCl aqua solution with the voltage from −0.2 to 1.0 V with a scan rate of 0.1mv/s. Tafel curves are plotted to determine the corrosion current density (Icorr) and the corrosion potential (Ecorr). In addition to this, corrosion behavior is analyzed by the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Before and after corrosion experiments, surface morphology of the samples is analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy. Also, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis is carried out to investigate the corrosion products present on the surface of the Al-5050 alloy. The results indicate that the corrosion rate is increased with an increase in the surface roughness. The machined max surface shows 21.9% higher corrosion rate compared to the polished surface. Sandblasted surface due to protective layer and homogeneity in surface roughness experiences less corrosion rate than the machined max surface. The larger and deeper grooves in the machined surface lead to severe pitting and higher corrosion. The type of surface roughness plays a significant role in corrosion behavior and cathodic and anodic kinetics.

ACS Style

Uzair Sajjad; Aqeel Abbas; Ali Sadeghianjahromi; Naseem Abbas; Jane-Sunn Liaw; Chi-Chuan Wang. Enhancing corrosion resistance of Al 5050 alloy based on surface roughness and its fabrication methods; an experimental investigation. Journal of Materials Research and Technology 2021, 11, 1859 -1867.

AMA Style

Uzair Sajjad, Aqeel Abbas, Ali Sadeghianjahromi, Naseem Abbas, Jane-Sunn Liaw, Chi-Chuan Wang. Enhancing corrosion resistance of Al 5050 alloy based on surface roughness and its fabrication methods; an experimental investigation. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 2021; 11 ():1859-1867.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Uzair Sajjad; Aqeel Abbas; Ali Sadeghianjahromi; Naseem Abbas; Jane-Sunn Liaw; Chi-Chuan Wang. 2021. "Enhancing corrosion resistance of Al 5050 alloy based on surface roughness and its fabrication methods; an experimental investigation." Journal of Materials Research and Technology 11, no. : 1859-1867.

Review
Published: 30 January 2021 in International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer
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Indirect evaporative cooler with dew point cooling has great potential to replace the conventional mechanical vapor compression system in air conditioning industry. In this paper, a detailed review has been conducted on recent developments in the indirect evaporative cooling (IEC) systems as well as their associated design parameters and operating conditions for higher cooling effectiveness and cooling capacity. The current review also consolidates the design and performance of various indirect evaporative cooling systems (such as classical indirect evaporative cooler, regenerative, dew point cooler, and Maisotsenko cycle based cooler). Furthermore, integration of these indirect evaporative cooling systems with other cycles is elaborated. In addition, the thermal management potential of the indirect evaporative coolers in various applications is highlighted. It is found that major design parameters include system configuration, inlet airflow conditions, channel geometry, and evaporative material. It is also found that counter-flow arrangement with higher inlet air temperature, lower inlet air humidity, smaller channel height, smaller inlet air velocity, higher channel length, and higher working to intake air ratio, triangular shape of channel with fabric evaporative material yields higher cooling effectiveness and efficiency. This review indicates that the IEC systems could be a potential replacement for the conventional vapor compression cycle based cooling systems in buildings and other applications.

ACS Style

Uzair Sajjad; Naseem Abbas; Khalid Hamid; Saleem Abbas; Imtiyaz Hussain; Syed Muhammad Ammar; Muhammad Sultan; Hafiz Muhammad Ali; Muzamil Hussain; Tauseef- Ur- Rehman; Chi Chuan Wang. A review of recent advances in indirect evaporative cooling technology. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 2021, 122, 105140 .

AMA Style

Uzair Sajjad, Naseem Abbas, Khalid Hamid, Saleem Abbas, Imtiyaz Hussain, Syed Muhammad Ammar, Muhammad Sultan, Hafiz Muhammad Ali, Muzamil Hussain, Tauseef- Ur- Rehman, Chi Chuan Wang. A review of recent advances in indirect evaporative cooling technology. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer. 2021; 122 ():105140.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Uzair Sajjad; Naseem Abbas; Khalid Hamid; Saleem Abbas; Imtiyaz Hussain; Syed Muhammad Ammar; Muhammad Sultan; Hafiz Muhammad Ali; Muzamil Hussain; Tauseef- Ur- Rehman; Chi Chuan Wang. 2021. "A review of recent advances in indirect evaporative cooling technology." International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 122, no. : 105140.