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Dr. Rafael Robina-Ramirez
Assistant Professor

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Tourism
0 host and guest
0 environment, social exchange
0 socioeconomic welfare
0 touristic activities

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Short Biography

Assistant Professor in the University of Extremadura (Spain). He is currently teaching Management at Extremadura University (Spain). He is the author of several books and articles. Nowadays, he is leading an Innovation Teaching Project at the Tourism Faculty in which 20 academics from the university are involved. The project´s main aim is to teach business ethics in a cross-sectional way, including empirical cases. He is researching about business and environmental ethics in its relation to teaching and learning methodologies.

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Journal article
Published: 22 August 2021 in Electronics
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One of the main problems of the sudden digital transition to online education due to the COVID-19 pandemic is the increased isolation of students. On the other hand, one of the main goals of higher education is to develop students’ cooperative competence. This experimental study presents an online learning environment, consisting of a set of web-based resources such as virtual laboratories, interactive activities, educational videos and a game-based learning methodology. The study also examines the influence of the combination of such resources with active and collaborative learning on the improvement of students’ relationships and the development of cooperative competence. To this end, an analysis was conducted based on the data collected from a core subject of the Computer Engineering and Computer Science Engineering degree courses. The answers of an online survey (n = 289) were examined by using the structural equation modeling technique (SEM). The results suggest that the proposed learning environment has a significant and positive impact on the two dimensions of relational coordination; communication and relationships, and plays a key role in the acquisition and development of cooperative competence. Findings also indicate that effective, accurate, frequent and timely communication, positively influences on students’ relationships. Additionally, this study addresses other important issues with significant theoretical and practical implications for higher education.

ACS Style

Rosa Estriegana; Jose-Amelio Medina-Merodio; Rafael Robina-Ramírez; Roberto Barchino. Analysis of Cooperative Skills Development through Relational Coordination in a Gamified Online Learning Environment. Electronics 2021, 10, 2032 .

AMA Style

Rosa Estriegana, Jose-Amelio Medina-Merodio, Rafael Robina-Ramírez, Roberto Barchino. Analysis of Cooperative Skills Development through Relational Coordination in a Gamified Online Learning Environment. Electronics. 2021; 10 (16):2032.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rosa Estriegana; Jose-Amelio Medina-Merodio; Rafael Robina-Ramírez; Roberto Barchino. 2021. "Analysis of Cooperative Skills Development through Relational Coordination in a Gamified Online Learning Environment." Electronics 10, no. 16: 2032.

Journal article
Published: 28 May 2021 in Cuadernos de Turismo
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Más de un centenar de trabajos académicos son presentados anualmente en las facultades españolas con el objetivo de obtener un título de Graduado en Turismo. Muchos de ellos, se mantienen inéditos, a pesar de la utilidad de los datos que recopilan, bien por aspectos formales o por la escasa envergadura que presentan en sí de manera aislada. En este trabajo, por tanto, se han recopilado y analizado los datos de una serie de estudios que han sido llevados a cabo por estudiantes de turismo, y cuyo objetivo era analizar la oferta y la demanda turística de zonas de baño de Extremadura con diferentes características: embalses, gargantas, balnearios y una antigua cantera. Todas ellas comparten fortalezas como la pertenencia a espacios protegidos y la cercanía a numerosos recursos turísticos pero se observan diferentes aprovechamientos en términos de oferta hotelera y de restauración. Respecto a la demanda, predomina el turismo nacional, con vínculos a las localidades cercanas y con una mayor concentración en los fines de semana. More than a hundred academic works are presented annually in Spanish faculties with the aim of obtaining a degree in Tourism. Many of them remain unpublished, despite the usefulness of their data, either because formal aspects or the limited size of their studies. In this work, we have collected and analyzed a sort of academic works in which tourist supply and demand of bathing areas of Extremadura (reservoirs, gorges and an old quarry) have been the core of the study. All of them share strengths such as belonging to protected areas and the proximity to numerous tourist resources but different uses are observed in terms of hotel and restaurant offer. Regarding demand, national tourism linked to nearby towns with a greater concentration on weekends is predominant.

ACS Style

Manuel Pulido Fernández; Rafael Robina Ramírez; Jacinto Garrido Velarde. APROXIMACIÓN AL TURISMO RELACIONADO CON LAS ZONAS DE BAÑO EN EXTREMADURA: UN META-ANÁLISIS A PARTIR DE TRABAJOS ACADÉMICOS INÉDITOS. Cuadernos de Turismo 2021, 365 -381.

AMA Style

Manuel Pulido Fernández, Rafael Robina Ramírez, Jacinto Garrido Velarde. APROXIMACIÓN AL TURISMO RELACIONADO CON LAS ZONAS DE BAÑO EN EXTREMADURA: UN META-ANÁLISIS A PARTIR DE TRABAJOS ACADÉMICOS INÉDITOS. Cuadernos de Turismo. 2021; (47):365-381.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manuel Pulido Fernández; Rafael Robina Ramírez; Jacinto Garrido Velarde. 2021. "APROXIMACIÓN AL TURISMO RELACIONADO CON LAS ZONAS DE BAÑO EN EXTREMADURA: UN META-ANÁLISIS A PARTIR DE TRABAJOS ACADÉMICOS INÉDITOS." Cuadernos de Turismo , no. 47: 365-381.

Journal article
Published: 24 May 2021 in Land
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The objective of this research is to obtain and analyze discursive information on the problems and solutions of the tourism sector in an eminently rural region, such as Extremadura, based on the opinions of stakeholders, in order to incorporate them into the evaluation and tourism planning of the region. More specifically, on the situation of the sector, perceptions on profitability and return on investment, the problem of overnight stays, and coordination between tourism agents and training demands, in order to make a sustainable tourism sector in a rural region. The research starts from the following premise: for tourism to be sustainable, stakeholders must participate in the strategic decision-making process. This paper aims, on the one hand, to clarify sufficiently the state of the art regarding the validity of focus groups and their analysis as a research methodology, explaining how to address the main challenges implied by this technique by reviewing a selection of research works that we consider relevant in this field. On the other hand, an analysis of the tourism sector in Extremadura is carried out based on these group dynamics. The main result, after analyzing the discourse of six focus groups, is that the different opinions of their members reveal, despite everything, that the training of human capital in the tourism sector in rural environments is a pending issue.

ACS Style

Marcelo Sánchez-Oro Sánchez; José Castro-Serrano; Rafael Robina-Ramírez. Stakeholders’ Participation in Sustainable Tourism Planning for a Rural Region: Extremadura Case Study (Spain). Land 2021, 10, 553 .

AMA Style

Marcelo Sánchez-Oro Sánchez, José Castro-Serrano, Rafael Robina-Ramírez. Stakeholders’ Participation in Sustainable Tourism Planning for a Rural Region: Extremadura Case Study (Spain). Land. 2021; 10 (6):553.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marcelo Sánchez-Oro Sánchez; José Castro-Serrano; Rafael Robina-Ramírez. 2021. "Stakeholders’ Participation in Sustainable Tourism Planning for a Rural Region: Extremadura Case Study (Spain)." Land 10, no. 6: 553.

Journal article
Published: 14 February 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The aim of this paper is to study the effects of the spread of the COVID-19 virus in different regions and its impact on the economy and regional tourist flows. To this end, the researchers have been guided by a set of propositions which they have tried to demonstrate with the results obtained. This research shows that the impact of the pandemic is still being evaluated. The analysis of the relationship between the tourism sector and the pandemic outbreak in Spain provides an instructive case study to assist tourism in its recovery process. The paper delves into the impacts on the main Spanish touristic regions during the pandemic and providing implications for tourism recovery. In Spain, the tourism sector is of major economic importance, becoming one of the most vulnerable countries when crisis affects this industry. The negative image of the country due to the high infection rates has had a negative impact on travel and tourism. The Balearic Islands have been the most affected region with an 87% decrease in tourist visitors. The trips made by Spanish residents inside the Spanish territory shows the first increase found in the series analyzed. Domestic tourism not only represents an opportunity for all regions in this critical situation, but the types of accommodation also play a key role.

ACS Style

Libertad Moreno-Luna; Rafael Robina-Ramírez; Marcelo Sánchez-Oro Sánchez; José Castro-Serrano. Tourism and Sustainability in Times of COVID-19: The Case of Spain. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 1859 .

AMA Style

Libertad Moreno-Luna, Rafael Robina-Ramírez, Marcelo Sánchez-Oro Sánchez, José Castro-Serrano. Tourism and Sustainability in Times of COVID-19: The Case of Spain. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (4):1859.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Libertad Moreno-Luna; Rafael Robina-Ramírez; Marcelo Sánchez-Oro Sánchez; José Castro-Serrano. 2021. "Tourism and Sustainability in Times of COVID-19: The Case of Spain." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4: 1859.

Journal article
Published: 15 January 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The health crisis caused by the outbreak of the COVID-19 disease has devastated the worldwide hospitality sector. The current situation has led many countries to implement drastic rules to stop the spread of the virus. According to the Spanish health authority decisions need to be made in the context of uncertainty and lack of knowledgeable experiences through a gradual and asymmetric de-escalation process planned in four phases. Although the vast majority of studies refer to economic risks and impacts on tourist flows and economic income, few of them explicitly investigates safety and health measures that hotel managers should implement to their customers. Over a population of 12,740 hotels, 823 Spanish hotel managers have been involved in a participatory study. With the aim of assessing the actions taken to stop the spread of the virus, empirical research was implemented. A model presented four variables and 13 indicators which have been previously tested among hotel managers in the tourism sector. Five conclusions are drawn from the hypotheses: (1) Mass testing surveillance in customers and employees should be quick, affordable, and homogeneous throughout the European Union. (2) Training measures need to be taken by both public authorities and the private sector to reach a knowledgeable crisis management team with high commitment to the customer’s health and safety. (3) Protocols established by public authorities should be observed and adjusted gradually not only in hotels but also in tourist arrivals. (4) Healthy measures need to be periodically updated. (5) Each hotel should set up a surveillance process to guarantee the safety to their customers.

ACS Style

Rafael Robina-Ramírez; Jose-Amelio Medina-Merodio; Libertad Moreno-Luna; Héctor Jiménez-Naranjo; Marcelo Sánchez-Oro. Safety and Health Measures for COVID-19 Transition Period in the Hotel Industry in Spain. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 718 .

AMA Style

Rafael Robina-Ramírez, Jose-Amelio Medina-Merodio, Libertad Moreno-Luna, Héctor Jiménez-Naranjo, Marcelo Sánchez-Oro. Safety and Health Measures for COVID-19 Transition Period in the Hotel Industry in Spain. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (2):718.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rafael Robina-Ramírez; Jose-Amelio Medina-Merodio; Libertad Moreno-Luna; Héctor Jiménez-Naranjo; Marcelo Sánchez-Oro. 2021. "Safety and Health Measures for COVID-19 Transition Period in the Hotel Industry in Spain." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2: 718.

Article
Published: 10 September 2020 in Teaching Theology & Religion
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Religious schools in Spain and Italy have been focused for centuries on spreading the Bible's message among students. In the beginning of the sacred scriptures, there is a mandate to protect nature as God's steward of creation; however, that reality has played a secondary role amongst believers and educational institutions. 180 Spanish and 135 Italian religious schools participated in the study. Through structural equation modeling (SEM‐PLS), hypotheses were defined based on the understanding of sustainability as a moral issue. Results underscored that religious schools should protect nature by combining religion and environmental science.

ACS Style

Rafael Robina‐Ramírez; Cecilio Cotano‐Olivera. Driving private schools to go "green": The case of Spanish and Italian religious schools. Teaching Theology & Religion 2020, 23, 175 -188.

AMA Style

Rafael Robina‐Ramírez, Cecilio Cotano‐Olivera. Driving private schools to go "green": The case of Spanish and Italian religious schools. Teaching Theology & Religion. 2020; 23 (3):175-188.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rafael Robina‐Ramírez; Cecilio Cotano‐Olivera. 2020. "Driving private schools to go "green": The case of Spanish and Italian religious schools." Teaching Theology & Religion 23, no. 3: 175-188.

Journal article
Published: 04 September 2020 in Sustainability
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This paper delved into host and guests’ social exchange influences on their social and economic welfare at the International Tagus Natural Park. In this developing touristic territory, a preliminary study was surveyed in-depth. Among Portuguese and Spanish bordering villages, interviews with hosts were conducted. Two focus groups were set up to analyse the host and guests’ reciprocal behaviour as well as social reciprocity in the context of a pilot participative programme. Eventually, 194 questionnaires collected among Spanish and Portuguese hosts through a structural equation modelling of causal relationships data were analysed. Theoretical and practical conclusions can be drawn from the study. Social exchange has driven hosts to focus on promoting social values, emotions, attitudes and social reciprocity to welcome guests as complementary income to raise their standard of living. Visitors provide supplemented incomes to impoverished hosts. However, the seasonal and unstable job opportunities guests create display negative effects among locals.

ACS Style

Rafael Robina-Ramírez; Marcelo Sánchez-Oro; Mª Cabezas-Hernández; Margarita Calleja-Aldana. Host and Guest Social Exchange in Developing Tourist Sites: The Case of the International Tagus Natural Park. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7248 .

AMA Style

Rafael Robina-Ramírez, Marcelo Sánchez-Oro, Mª Cabezas-Hernández, Margarita Calleja-Aldana. Host and Guest Social Exchange in Developing Tourist Sites: The Case of the International Tagus Natural Park. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (18):7248.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rafael Robina-Ramírez; Marcelo Sánchez-Oro; Mª Cabezas-Hernández; Margarita Calleja-Aldana. 2020. "Host and Guest Social Exchange in Developing Tourist Sites: The Case of the International Tagus Natural Park." Sustainability 12, no. 18: 7248.

Journal article
Published: 22 August 2020 in Environments
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The main goal of this study was to identify the problems that are putting the viability of watering ponds at risk. For doing that, we have analyzed five different study cases: (I) livestock consumption, Mediterranean climate (rangelands of SW Spain), (II) multifunctional ponds (Arroyo de la Luz, Spain), (III) ecotourism (Valdepajares de Tajo, Spain), (IV) crop irrigation and fish farming, semi-arid climate (the wilaya of Ouargla, Algeria), and (V) livestock consumption, humid subtropical climate (Prudentópolis, Brazil). The identification of problems was made through surveys, personal interviews, local knowledge and literature review as well as through the analysis of water quality parameters such as the concentration of phosphates and fecal coliforms in some ponds. We have identified problems of water shortage (ca. 50% of rangeland farmers), pollution induced by agriculture (maximum values of phosphates = 1.33 mg L−1) and livestock farming (maximum value of fecal coliforms ≈ 7000 cfu mL−1), low potability for human consumption (score: 2.8/7.0), invasive species such as Azolla filiculoides (10 out of 17 watering ponds), high water temperature for aquaculture in summer (Algeria) and the increase of turbidity in nearby water courses due to the actions of free-fattening pigs (Brazil), among many other problems. We conclude an extra effort by stakeholders is still needed in order to agree mitigation strategies.

ACS Style

Manuel Pulido; Alberto Alfonso-Torreño; Jesús Barrena-González; Rafael Robina-Ramírez; Mohamed Amine Abdennour. Identifying Problems in Watering Ponds with Different Purposes. Environments 2020, 7, 63 .

AMA Style

Manuel Pulido, Alberto Alfonso-Torreño, Jesús Barrena-González, Rafael Robina-Ramírez, Mohamed Amine Abdennour. Identifying Problems in Watering Ponds with Different Purposes. Environments. 2020; 7 (9):63.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manuel Pulido; Alberto Alfonso-Torreño; Jesús Barrena-González; Rafael Robina-Ramírez; Mohamed Amine Abdennour. 2020. "Identifying Problems in Watering Ponds with Different Purposes." Environments 7, no. 9: 63.

Journal article
Published: 10 July 2020 in Revista Internacional de Organizaciones
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El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer las actuales políticas de sostenibilidad en la Universidad y proponer un nuevo modelo que contribuya a aumentar la conciencia medioambiental de los alumnos de la universidad las áreas de economía y empresa. Para desarrollar la conciencia medioambiental entre estudiantes (DCM) se han determinado 3 factores a partir de un proceso de análisis y validación de variables entre estudiantes universitarios. Estos factores son: la Formación de profesores en sostenibilidad (FPS), actividades de concienciación medioambiental (ACM) e incorporación de competencias medioambientales transversales (CMT). La metodología aplicada para analizar el modelo estructural fue el Modelo de Ecuación Estructural (SEM) a través del paquete informático SmartPls-3. La muestra estaba formada por 420 estudiantes pertenecientes a las Facultades de Económicas y la Facultad de Empresa, Finanzas y Turismo de la Universidad de Extremadura. Los resultados de la encuesta arrojan datos que justifican la introducción de políticas de sostenibilidad en la Universidad tanto a nivel profesorado como alumno. Dichas políticas deberían resaltar la importancia de dotar de contenido a la competencia transversal dirigida a la protección medioambiental entre los futuros empresarios de nuestro país.

ACS Style

Rafael Robina-Ramírez; Libertad Moreno. Gestión de políticas de sostenibilidad en organizaciones académicas: El caso de la Universidad de Extremadura. Revista Internacional de Organizaciones 2020, 63 -90.

AMA Style

Rafael Robina-Ramírez, Libertad Moreno. Gestión de políticas de sostenibilidad en organizaciones académicas: El caso de la Universidad de Extremadura. Revista Internacional de Organizaciones. 2020; (24):63-90.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rafael Robina-Ramírez; Libertad Moreno. 2020. "Gestión de políticas de sostenibilidad en organizaciones académicas: El caso de la Universidad de Extremadura." Revista Internacional de Organizaciones , no. 24: 63-90.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2020 in Electronic Commerce Research and Applications
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With the development of e-commerce, online consumption has rapidly grown. This study aims to highlight an example of the online shopping of organic products in the Spanish organic market. Through a Partial Least Square path modelling (PLS), a multi-group analysis (MGA) is applied to test a product́s online and organic attributes that may influence the intention of using an e-marketplace to buy and sell organic products. A product́s organic and online attributes were drawn from 149 organic consumers’ communities and 106 organic producers from the biggest Spanish e-marketplace. The results indicate which attributes influence the attitude toward use and intention to use that online platform. The results of the study can guide the online managers of these types of e-marketplaces in the design of their policies to attract participants and increase commercial online transactions.

ACS Style

Rafael Robina-Ramírez; Antonio Chamorro-Mera; Libertad Moreno-Luna. Organic and online attributes for buying and selling agricultural products in the e-marketplace in Spain. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications 2020, 42, 100992 .

AMA Style

Rafael Robina-Ramírez, Antonio Chamorro-Mera, Libertad Moreno-Luna. Organic and online attributes for buying and selling agricultural products in the e-marketplace in Spain. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications. 2020; 42 ():100992.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rafael Robina-Ramírez; Antonio Chamorro-Mera; Libertad Moreno-Luna. 2020. "Organic and online attributes for buying and selling agricultural products in the e-marketplace in Spain." Electronic Commerce Research and Applications 42, no. : 100992.

Journal article
Published: 04 June 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Sustainability needs the socially responsible orientation of public institutions, but not only externally. How civil servants and municipal employees consider what local governments do in relation to their internal social responsibility is the main question of this study. Through structural equation modelling and a sample of 294 employees in local governments in a Spanish region (Extremadura), it is demonstrated that responsible job position design, as well as good communication and team building, both have positive and significant effects on the personal identification of employees with the city council. That has been interpreted as the essence of internal social responsibility and the first step for building external social responsibility at the municipal level. Practical implications and future directions are discussed.

ACS Style

M. Isabel Sánchez-Hernández; Živilė Stankevičiūtė; Rafael Robina-Ramirez; Carlos Díaz-Caro. Responsible Job Design Based on the Internal Social Responsibility of Local Governments. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 3994 .

AMA Style

M. Isabel Sánchez-Hernández, Živilė Stankevičiūtė, Rafael Robina-Ramirez, Carlos Díaz-Caro. Responsible Job Design Based on the Internal Social Responsibility of Local Governments. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (11):3994.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Isabel Sánchez-Hernández; Živilė Stankevičiūtė; Rafael Robina-Ramirez; Carlos Díaz-Caro. 2020. "Responsible Job Design Based on the Internal Social Responsibility of Local Governments." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11: 3994.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2020 in Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues
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ACS Style

Rafael Robina-Ramírez; Gert Human. How macro level foundations influence emerging micro entrepreneurial activities: The case of South Africa. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues 2020, 7, 3078 -3100.

AMA Style

Rafael Robina-Ramírez, Gert Human. How macro level foundations influence emerging micro entrepreneurial activities: The case of South Africa. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues. 2020; 7 (4):3078-3100.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rafael Robina-Ramírez; Gert Human. 2020. "How macro level foundations influence emerging micro entrepreneurial activities: The case of South Africa." Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues 7, no. 4: 3078-3100.

Journal article
Published: 29 May 2020 in IEEE Access
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Each time more companies seek to differentiate themselves from their competitors. For this, they resort to company certification through standards such as ISO 9001 or EFQM. The quality norms permit business to improve process management and production and reduce the lack of knowledge. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to propose a framework to support the process of improving customer’s satisfaction according to ISO 9001. To achieve the main objective, the methodology of the design science research process has been followed. First, the problems in the evaluation of customer’s satisfaction required by ISO 9001 have been analysed. Second, an expert system has been developed to evaluate the process. To end, the system has been validated. The results suggest that this system facilitates continuous improvement in organizations, providing the customer’s vision of the organization, and making possible the implementation of actions oriented to retain customers. This study presents important managerial implications. Insights from this research allow us to offer recommendations that can help practitioners and managers interested in the implementation of expert systems, to focus in quality processes that can increase the chances of a successful adoption.

ACS Style

Jose-Amelio Medina-Merodio; Carmen De-Pablos-Heredero; Lourdes Jimenez-Rodriguez; Luis Fernandez-Sanz; Rafael Robina-Ramirez; Jose Andres-Jimenez. A Framework to Support the Process of Measurement of Customer’s Satisfaction According to ISO 9001. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 102554 -102569.

AMA Style

Jose-Amelio Medina-Merodio, Carmen De-Pablos-Heredero, Lourdes Jimenez-Rodriguez, Luis Fernandez-Sanz, Rafael Robina-Ramirez, Jose Andres-Jimenez. A Framework to Support the Process of Measurement of Customer’s Satisfaction According to ISO 9001. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 (99):102554-102569.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jose-Amelio Medina-Merodio; Carmen De-Pablos-Heredero; Lourdes Jimenez-Rodriguez; Luis Fernandez-Sanz; Rafael Robina-Ramirez; Jose Andres-Jimenez. 2020. "A Framework to Support the Process of Measurement of Customer’s Satisfaction According to ISO 9001." IEEE Access 8, no. 99: 102554-102569.

Article
Published: 25 May 2020 in Journal of Management and Governance
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Corporate cases and scandals of corruption have emerged in the hospitality industry. In Spain, the recent Criminal Code (1/2015) proposed an organisational model by developing norms of surveillance and protocols to prevent corruption. Forty-nine hotels were involved in a preliminary study to adapt the general regulatory system to the specific management of hotels. One hundred twelve Spanish hotels in the touristic region of Extremadura eventually participated in the research. Data were treated through Structural Equation Modelling. Theoretical and practical conclusions were drawn from the study. Findings highlight the big gap between 1-star and 2-star hotels from the 3-star, 4-star and 5-star in approaching the new regulatory system. Higher quality hotels have developed their own regulatory system based on norms of surveillance as well as official channels to detect employee misconduct. Working atmosphere also influences their adoption of the voluntary protocols or their adherence to the protocols and the evaluation of the surveillance policies to prevent corruption.

ACS Style

Rafael Robina-Ramírez; M. Isabel Sánchez-Hernández; Carlos Díaz-Caro. Hotel manager perceptions about corporate compliance in the tourism industry: an empirical regional case study in Spain. Journal of Management and Governance 2020, 25, 627 -654.

AMA Style

Rafael Robina-Ramírez, M. Isabel Sánchez-Hernández, Carlos Díaz-Caro. Hotel manager perceptions about corporate compliance in the tourism industry: an empirical regional case study in Spain. Journal of Management and Governance. 2020; 25 (2):627-654.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rafael Robina-Ramírez; M. Isabel Sánchez-Hernández; Carlos Díaz-Caro. 2020. "Hotel manager perceptions about corporate compliance in the tourism industry: an empirical regional case study in Spain." Journal of Management and Governance 25, no. 2: 627-654.

Journal article
Published: 30 April 2020 in Creativity Studies
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This article examines the main factors that affect creativity in startups and how these factors influence entrepreneurial initiative strategies. Fifty individuals from the Extremadura region, Spain, participated in an online questionnaire in 2018 and 2019. SmartPLS was used to create a model of the interactions between variables. The results obtained have important theoretical and practical implications as they add new findings to the current literature on the role played by different factors in the creativity processes used by startups. The model has a strong predictive power (R2 = 42.7%). This work describes internal factors such as the improvement in intellectual and attitudinal skills for identifying business opportunities as a preliminary step to taking creative business decisions, as well as shaping the future by coordinating potential efforts and actions.

ACS Style

Pedro Palos-Sanchez; José Ramón Saura; Antonio Grilo; Rafael Robina Ramirez. HOW ATTITUDES, VISION AND ABILITY TO CAPTURE OPPORTUNITIES AFFECT STARTUPS’ BUSINESS CREATIVITY. Creativity Studies 2020, 13, 387 -405.

AMA Style

Pedro Palos-Sanchez, José Ramón Saura, Antonio Grilo, Rafael Robina Ramirez. HOW ATTITUDES, VISION AND ABILITY TO CAPTURE OPPORTUNITIES AFFECT STARTUPS’ BUSINESS CREATIVITY. Creativity Studies. 2020; 13 (2):387-405.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pedro Palos-Sanchez; José Ramón Saura; Antonio Grilo; Rafael Robina Ramirez. 2020. "HOW ATTITUDES, VISION AND ABILITY TO CAPTURE OPPORTUNITIES AFFECT STARTUPS’ BUSINESS CREATIVITY." Creativity Studies 13, no. 2: 387-405.

Journal article
Published: 06 April 2020 in Forests
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The economic valuation of goods that do not have a market, like services offered by natural parks, provide a lot of information for the purpose of policy making on the conservation and protection of the natural environment, as well as for establishing park use strategies for potential park visitors. In this respect, this paper aims to analyse visitor preferences for Cornalvo Natural Park, which has been classed, since 1992, as a Site of Community Importance. To do this, we conducted an analysis adopting the choice experiment methodology to determine visitor preferences for a set of attributes. Additionally, we included a visitor preference heterogeneity analysis based on a mixed logit model in order to calculate individual willingness to pay with respect to a set of previously specified attributes. Finally, we also implemented the latent class methodology to define groups of individuals with similar characteristics. The information was gathered from visitor surveys conducted during 2019. The main results show that tourists had a high preference and willingness to pay for higher biodiversity levels and lower numbers of visitors, whereas the other attributes were less relevant. Additionally, we detected some degree of heterogeneity in willingness to pay by sex, age and income. Finally, Latent class analysis identified two visitor classes, determined primarily by age and income.

ACS Style

Eva Crespo-Cebada; Carlos Díaz-Caro; Rafael Robina-Ramírez; M. Isabel Sánchez-Hernández. Is Biodiversity a Relevant Attribute for Assessing Natural Parks? Evidence from Cornalvo Natural Park in Spain. Forests 2020, 11, 410 .

AMA Style

Eva Crespo-Cebada, Carlos Díaz-Caro, Rafael Robina-Ramírez, M. Isabel Sánchez-Hernández. Is Biodiversity a Relevant Attribute for Assessing Natural Parks? Evidence from Cornalvo Natural Park in Spain. Forests. 2020; 11 (4):410.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eva Crespo-Cebada; Carlos Díaz-Caro; Rafael Robina-Ramírez; M. Isabel Sánchez-Hernández. 2020. "Is Biodiversity a Relevant Attribute for Assessing Natural Parks? Evidence from Cornalvo Natural Park in Spain." Forests 11, no. 4: 410.

Articles
Published: 06 April 2020 in Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa
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Despite the prevalence of theories focused on the human right to water, very little research has been conducted about the implication of personal duties for using the water in informal settlements. Based on the UNESCO water principles the paper aims to evaluate both the rights and personal duties as well as the role that human dignity plays in the provision of better water services. Structural model equation SEM-PLS was implemented on the data provided by 483 informal dwellers at Doornkop (Soweto) in 2019. The model revealed high statistical significance and strong predictive power, which can lead decision-makers to improve the access to water and sanitation in informal settlements. The results indicate that personal duties drawn from the use of water such as participation, report leakages, polluters-pay and users-pay etc., need to be implemented to provide better access to water and sanitation for vulnerable dwellers. Furthermore, the presented results reflect the effect of human dignity on water governance and general principles of water. Conclusions highlight new theoretical and empirical approaches to the spectrum of water management.

ACS Style

R. Robina-Ramírez; L.S. Sañudo-Fontaneda; S. McCallum. Human dignity as a mediator effect for the rights and duties of accessing water and sanitation. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 2020, 75, 203 -212.

AMA Style

R. Robina-Ramírez, L.S. Sañudo-Fontaneda, S. McCallum. Human dignity as a mediator effect for the rights and duties of accessing water and sanitation. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa. 2020; 75 (2):203-212.

Chicago/Turabian Style

R. Robina-Ramírez; L.S. Sañudo-Fontaneda; S. McCallum. 2020. "Human dignity as a mediator effect for the rights and duties of accessing water and sanitation." Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 75, no. 2: 203-212.

Original research article
Published: 24 March 2020 in Frontiers in Psychology
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Even though sacred scriptures emphasize the key role that Creation and respect for living creatures play in all religions, the so-called religious schools seem to show little interest in putting this sacred mandate into effect. To shed light on this subject, this work investigates the role of teachers in the process, focusing on their environmental competencies. Our hypotheses are tested through a structural equation model on a sample of 214 biology and religion teachers from 118 Catholic schools in Spain who voluntary participated in a survey. The research findings confirm that it is crucial that environmental competencies are developed in teachers to enable the greening of schools. Theoretical and practical implications for defining the job training of teachers in religious schools are drawn from the study.

ACS Style

Rafael Robina-Ramírez; M. Isabel Sánchez-Hernández; Héctor V. Jiménez-Naranjo; Carlos Díaz-Caro. The Challenge of Greening Religious Schools by Improving the Environmental Competencies of Teachers. Frontiers in Psychology 2020, 11, 1 .

AMA Style

Rafael Robina-Ramírez, M. Isabel Sánchez-Hernández, Héctor V. Jiménez-Naranjo, Carlos Díaz-Caro. The Challenge of Greening Religious Schools by Improving the Environmental Competencies of Teachers. Frontiers in Psychology. 2020; 11 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rafael Robina-Ramírez; M. Isabel Sánchez-Hernández; Héctor V. Jiménez-Naranjo; Carlos Díaz-Caro. 2020. "The Challenge of Greening Religious Schools by Improving the Environmental Competencies of Teachers." Frontiers in Psychology 11, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 05 March 2020 in Science of The Total Environment
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The analysis of social awareness about water consumption represents an essential tool for water efficiency and decision-making procedures in line with the challenges that emerged by water scarcity. The present study focuses on evaluating the perception of sustainable water consumption (SWC), considering the direct and indirect water consumption through the Water Footprint (WF) indicator and the information about the nexus between urban services and water uses. Based on the norm activation model (NAM) proposed by Schwartz (1977), this research evaluates the perception of the water footprint of different aspects of water consumption and the dependence of this perception on individual water consumption, direct or indirect, and municipal services. The methodology applied to analyse the structural model was the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The sample is composed of consumers in the Extremadura region, Spain. The results of the survey show that SWC is influenced by Water Consumption Services (WCS), Indirect domestic Water Consumption (IWC), and Direct domestic Water Consumption (DWC). The model was tested at a confidence level higher than 99.9% with a moderated explanatory capacity (R2 = 55.7%). Besides, the model indicates the benefit of using WF as an activating tool for decision making highlighted in the NAM considered, in other words, the knowledge about WF influences positively in responsible behaviour with water consumption.

ACS Style

Eva Gómez-Llanos; Pablo Durán-Barroso; Rafael Robina-Ramírez. Analysis of consumer awareness of sustainable water consumption by the water footprint concept. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 721, 137743 .

AMA Style

Eva Gómez-Llanos, Pablo Durán-Barroso, Rafael Robina-Ramírez. Analysis of consumer awareness of sustainable water consumption by the water footprint concept. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 721 ():137743.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eva Gómez-Llanos; Pablo Durán-Barroso; Rafael Robina-Ramírez. 2020. "Analysis of consumer awareness of sustainable water consumption by the water footprint concept." Science of The Total Environment 721, no. : 137743.

Journal article
Published: 18 February 2020 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Different methodologies of education for sustainability have raised environmental awareness in schools. However, these studies have barely considered the effect of emotions in transforming students’ environmental behaviour. This paper analyses how education for sustainability and environmental emotions affects students’ sustainable behaviour in three secondary schools in Spain. Based on participatory learning methods, 215 students took part in a pilot project. Using structural equation modelling, a longitudinal study along the 2018 and 2019 were presented in the paper. Theoretical and empirical learning activities were designed by schools’ board of directors and parent board with the effective collaboration of environmental companies near the three schools. Findings reveal the key role that emotions play in transforming students’ environmental behaviour.

ACS Style

Rafael Robina-Ramírez; José Amelio Medina Merodio; Stephen McCallum. What role do emotions play in transforming students’ environmental behaviour at school? Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 258, 120638 .

AMA Style

Rafael Robina-Ramírez, José Amelio Medina Merodio, Stephen McCallum. What role do emotions play in transforming students’ environmental behaviour at school? Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 258 ():120638.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rafael Robina-Ramírez; José Amelio Medina Merodio; Stephen McCallum. 2020. "What role do emotions play in transforming students’ environmental behaviour at school?" Journal of Cleaner Production 258, no. : 120638.