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Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) replicates its genome and packages it into capsids within the nucleus. HSV-1 has evolved a complex mechanism of nuclear egress whereby nascent capsids bud on the inner nuclear membrane to form perinuclear virions that subsequently fuse with the outer nuclear membrane, releasing capsids into the cytosol. The viral-encoded nuclear egress complex (NEC) plays a crucial role in this vesicle-mediated nucleocytoplasmic transport. Nevertheless, similar system mediates the movement of other cellular macromolecular complexes in normal cells. Therefore, HSV-1 may utilize viral proteins to hijack the cellular machinery in order to facilitate capsid transport. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. This review summarizes our current understanding of the cellular and viral factors involved in the nuclear egress of HSV-1 capsids.
Jun Arii. Host and Viral Factors Involved in Nuclear Egress of Herpes Simplex Virus 1. Viruses 2021, 13, 754 .
AMA StyleJun Arii. Host and Viral Factors Involved in Nuclear Egress of Herpes Simplex Virus 1. Viruses. 2021; 13 (5):754.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJun Arii. 2021. "Host and Viral Factors Involved in Nuclear Egress of Herpes Simplex Virus 1." Viruses 13, no. 5: 754.
The analysis of systematically collected data for COVID-19 infectivity and death rates has revealed in many countries around the world a typical oscillatory pattern with a 7-days (circaseptan) period. Additionally, in some countries the 3.5-days (hemicircaseptan) and 14-days periodicities have been also observed. Interestingly, the 7-days infectivity and death rates oscillations are almost in phase, showing local maxima on Thursdays/Fridays and local minima on Sundays/Mondays. These observations are in stark contrast with a known pattern, correlating the death rate with the reduced medical staff in hospitals on the weekends. One possible hypothesis addressing these observations is that they reflect a gradually increasing stress with the progressing week, which can trigger the maximal death rates observed on Thursdays/Fridays. Moreover, assuming the weekends provide the likely time for new infections, the maximum number of new cases might fall again on Thursdays/Fridays. These observations deserve further study to provide better understanding of the COVID-19 dynamics.
Tatsuya Nagano; Jun Arii; Mitsuhiro Nishimura; Naofumi Yoshida; Keiji Iida; Yoshihiro Nishimura; Yasuko Mori. Diligent medical activities of a publicly designated medical institution for infectious diseases pave the way for overcoming COVID-19: A positive message to people working at the cutting edge. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleTatsuya Nagano, Jun Arii, Mitsuhiro Nishimura, Naofumi Yoshida, Keiji Iida, Yoshihiro Nishimura, Yasuko Mori. Diligent medical activities of a publicly designated medical institution for infectious diseases pave the way for overcoming COVID-19: A positive message to people working at the cutting edge. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTatsuya Nagano; Jun Arii; Mitsuhiro Nishimura; Naofumi Yoshida; Keiji Iida; Yoshihiro Nishimura; Yasuko Mori. 2020. "Diligent medical activities of a publicly designated medical institution for infectious diseases pave the way for overcoming COVID-19: A positive message to people working at the cutting edge." , no. : 1.